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The Hydrogen News # 26

In this issue:

(1) Read story #35. If you read nothing else read that story.

(2) How to build water based electronics (my story).

(3) Making H2 from booze (story #1).

(4) Who owns the world's oil? (story #40).


Solid State, Liquid State
By Mike Johnston
Copyright 2005



-------------Notice-------------------------------------------------------------\
-----------
The Hydrogen News is a free publication but if anyone would like to  slip
a couple of bucks my way to help with buying equipment to
further my research I would appreciate it. I now have a Pay-Pal
"Donate" button on my blog and my website for this purpose.
Blog: http//:enki.tblog.com
Website: http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/index.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
--------------



     In this edition I want to introduce a concept that might be new to a
lot of people and at the same time describe one of my own experiments with
a particular effect. Most people today are at least somewhat
familiar with the basic electronic components that we all depend on to
sustain our society. Items such as capacitors, rectifiers, choke
coils, transistors and the like. But most people don't know that you can
use water as one of the basic components for building all of them. Yep,
you could build a water based computer. That might be a really interesting
project for some enterprising student somewhere to build. Or you could
build more basic electronic devices such as voltage
multipliers (require rectifiers and capacitors) or something like
that. I have personally built water based capacitors and rectifiers and
want to tackle a transistor next.

    Capacitors are the easiest electronic component to build with water.
All you need is some water, two (ideally inert) metal plates and a
container. In that situation water is the dielectric. So that is simple
enough and after all electrolytic capacitors are fairly common and are
similar. So then we could say that any electrolysis cell that we build to
produce hydrogen from water is actually a capacitor. This is true and is
an important factor to take into consideration when designing and building
electrolysis cells in order to achieve the best possible efficiency. Once
we add an electrolyte to the water in our capacitor the capacitor begins
to "leak" current between it's plates and becomes a less efficient
capacitor and a more efficient conductor. The more electrolyte that is
added the lass capacitance that there is and the more it becomes just a
conductor. But there are limits to how much electrolyte can be added and
so the cell will always retain some of it's capacitor characteristics.

    What about semiconductors though like transistors? Can water be used as
a semiconductor too? I think so. If you look at how semiconductors work
and compare that to what effects can be achieved with water I think you
will agree. Semiconductors depend on a two way conduction effect.
"Holes" move in one direction and electrons in the other. "Holes" are
simply atoms which have lost one or more electrons on their outer
shells and electrons of course are negatively charged particles. So one
could make a comparison between positively charged "holes" and the
positive ions in an electrolytic solution and between electrons and the
negatively charged ions in such a solution. In water the OH- ions would be
the "electrons" as they carry an extra electron and the H+ ions the
"holes" as they are lacking an electron. Pure Silicon is not a very good
semiconductor just like pure water is not a very good conductor. Silicon
must be "doped" with substances such as Boron or Phosphorous. Water must
also have other compounds added to it (electrolytes)  to make it a
conductor. Will water ever replace Silicon as the
semiconductor of choice? Probably not but it is interesting to think about.

    Rectifiers are easy to build too and will be the main focus of this
story. I am going to rely on an outside page to describe and illustrate
such a water based rectifier and also for the analysis of the
electrical performance of such a rectifier. The Author of that page:
http://home.earthlink.net/~lenyr/borax.htm seems pretty competent in those
areas. I will handle the description of the reactions involved and
describe my own experiences while replicating the system he
describes and the modifications that I made to it and the results that I
observed because of those modifications. So before reading the rest of
this story I would encourage you to go ahead and click on the above link
and read the story there. If anyone has trouble accessing that page I do
have the page saved on my computer.

    Now that you have read about the rectifier cells with the glowing
electrodes I am sure you will find the rest of this story quite
interesting. When I first encountered that concept I was immediately
fascinated with it. I set out to duplicate the experiment described. In my
rectifier cell I used aluminum strips about 1 1/2" wide and 5" long. I cut
these strips from a new pie tin. I used distilled water and borax in the
cell. I connected the cell to my 120 volt household mains as described
using a light bulb to provide resistance and thereby prevent the
possibility of too much current flowing through the circuit. I wired the
light bulb in series with the cell, on the hot side between the cell and
the outlet. I also included a 10 amp circuit breaker in the circuit as
added insurance against a runaway current.

    I turned on the cell and watched for a while as the oxide coat formed
on the aluminum strips. I first ran the setup during the day and so could
detect no glow on the electrodes. Later that night though, when I turned
the power on again, I did notice the described glow and was captivated by
the effect. It seems like such a cool and attention
getting demonstration that I am surprised that it is not more commonly known.

    After observing the cell for a while and determining that, once the
oxide coat formed on the aluminum electrodes, the electrodes were not
experiencing any deterioration I began to measure it's performance and to
think about additional possibilities that might be interesting to try with
it in terms of potential uses and modifications that might be made to the
basic setup. The measurements I took on the cell were
themselves interesting. I took my multimeter and measured the potential
difference between the water in the cell and the grounded outlet box on
the wall. The observed potential difference was 168 volts. That was
interesting because that value was essentially the peak value of the AC
line current (170 volts) and not the usually measured 120 volt RMS (Root
Mean Square) value for AC. This even though a part of the voltage was
being dropped across the light bulb which was before the cell in series.

    At this point I wondered if I could transfer this electrical charge
(voltage) from the water in the rectifier cell to another container of
water without increasing the nearly nonexistent current through the
rectifier cell. To test this I inserted an electrode made of 316
stainless between the other two (Al) electrodes in the rectifier cell.
Then I set up a "normal" electrolysis cell using NaOH electrolyte with two
316 stainless electrodes in it. I wired these two electrodes to each other
to form a circuit between them. I then placed a third
electrode of 316 stainless between these two in the electrolysis cell. I
then connected the third electrode in the rectifier cell to the third
electrode in the electrolysis cell. For an illustration of this setup
please right click on the following link and open it in a new browser
window, link:
(http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/liquidsolid4_html_7a48f04e.jpg)

    I then measured the potential difference between the water in this
satellite cell and the grounded outlet box and found it to be 168
volts. So, using a single wire connected to a neutral electrode in each
cell all of the electric charge in the rectifier cell was being
transferred to the satellite cell. The next question was how to make use
of the charge in the satellite cell and whether or not utilizing the
charge in the satellite cell would affect the level of charge in the
rectifier cell. I measured the potential difference between the two other
electrodes in the satellite cell (without them being connected to each
other) and found it to be 1.68 volts. I thought it was curious that these
two electrodes should have any potential difference at all between them
since they were both of equal size and shape and were both in the same
container of water which should have an equal charge
throughout it.

    I began to move the electrodes into different positions in relation to
each other and to the single "charged" electrode between them. I found
that I could change the measured potential difference between these two
electrodes through a range of 1.68 volts to 3 volts. The farther away from
each other that the electrodes were the greater the potential difference
between them. Also I found that by placing one of these electrodes close
to the charged electrode and the other one farther away I could increase
the potential difference between them.

    Next I  connected these two electrodes to each other with a piece of
wire. The pd ( potential difference) between them immediately dropped to
zero. No electrolysis was observed in the cell however. Then I
installed a 6 amp rectifier in the wire between the two electrodes in the
satellite cell to see if I could get a DC current to flow between the two
electrodes. Again, no electrolysis was observed. Finally I tried usingonly
the two main electrodes in the rectifier cell and
connecting each of them directly to the two electrodes in the satellite
cell (eliminating the neutral electrode in the satellite cell). I put a
rectifier on each wire, facing in opposite directions, so a DC current
might possibly be able to flow through this setup. Again, no
electrolysis was observed, although in this case the pd was maintained
between the electrodes in the satellite cell.

    I believe that there are many avenues to explore within the above
mentioned setup which could yield scientifically useful information but I
have not pursued them at this point. Instead I turned my thoughts to other
ways that I might capitalize on the rectifier cell. I set up two more
rectifier cells, identical to the first, in series with the first. I then
measured the pd between the first and last electrodes in the series and
found it to be 113 volts (see figure 2 here:
(http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/liquidsolid4_html_4a9ae925.jpg). In
these illustrations the rectifier symbols are meant to represent the
rectifier aspects of the oxide coated aluminum electrodes in the
rectifier cells. The exception to this is the rectifier shown in the wire
between the electrodes of the satellite cell. In that case the symbol is
meant to depict the previously mentioned 6a rectifier I
inserted there.

    Next I measured the pd between the water in the first and last cells
and found it to be 168 volts, the same as between the water in the single
rectifier cell and the grounded wall plate in my previous
example. This intrigued me because when I had measured the pd of the
probes of my micrometer in the water within a single rectifier cell, by
placing my probes in the water but a space apart, I could only ever
measure a pd of around 3 volts. Three volts didn't seem like much to work
with but 168 volts did.

    I then installed an electrode made of 316 stainless between the
aluminum electrodes on both the first and last rectifier cell in the
series. I should mention that, in all cases in this paper where
neutral, stainless electrodes are mentioned, said  electrodes are just
hanging down into the solution. They are not connected to the other two
electrodes in the cell in any way and are not large enough to divide the
cells into two separate halves. I then measured the pd between these
stainless electrodes in the first and last cells and found it to be 98
volts. The pd between the first and last aluminum rectifier cell
electrodes remained at 113 volts. I then decided to try to use this setup
as a power source for an induction coil/transformer. The
transformer that I had available to work with was a common 120 volt to 12
volt automotive battery charger.

    My transformer stepped 120 volt AC current down to 12 volt DC. (see
figure 3: LINK) I ran a wire from each of the neutral electrodes in the
rectifier cells to one of the prongs on the AC plug of the charger. I then
turned on the power. The pd between the first and last aluminum electrodes
in the rectifier cell series remained at 113 volts.The pd between the two
neutral electrodes now measured at 48 volts, a 100 volt drop after the
transformer was connected. Obviously SOMETHING was
happening inside the transformer to cause the voltage drop between the
electrodes that is was connected to. I really didn't think that any usable
energy would be transferred to the transformer secondary though as that
seemed too easy.Just for giggles though I picked up the battery clamps on
the 12 volt side of the transformer and tapped them together to see if
they would throw a spark like they would if they were plugged into the
wall socket directly. Much to my surprise a nice yellow spark was
generated by tapping the electrodes together!

    Then I took the electrolysis cell that I had already put together to
use in the previously described phase of this research and hooked it up to
the 12 volt side of the charger. Vigorous electrolysis commenced
immediately in the electrolysis cell. The measured pd between the
electrodes in the electrolysis cell (under load) fluctuated between 3 and
4 volts with 3.6 volts being the average.  The current flowing through the
electrolysis cell was about 1.8 amps. Remember that a lower resistance
cell would have allowed more current to flow and
consequently produced more hydrogen and that 3.6 volts is enough pd to
power at least 2 and possibly 3 electrolysis cells depending on the
electrolyte used.

    On the primary side of the transformer the only voltage drop noticed
when the transformer was powering the electrolysis cell on it's
secondary was the one previously mentioned between the two neutral,
stainless electrodes in the rectifier cells. The pd between the
aluminum electrodes in the rectifier cells did not drop. Instead it
actually increased. This seemed curious to me as the current flowing
through the secondary should cause more current to flow on the primary
side but the rectifier cells were still blocking all or nearly all current
flow in the primary. With that in mind I settled in to watch the system
perform for a while. I noticed a few strange effects on the primary side
of the transformer and I will spend the remainder of this paper describing
them and giving my thoughts on their causes. I want to do that because I
think they are significant in their own right.

Image link for figure 3:
http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/liquidsolid4_html_m41762240.jpg

Let me list my measurements of the pd between the water of the individual
cells and the grounded wall plate both without the transformer and with
it:

Cell#1 no transformer: 120 volts, with transformer: 120volts
Cell #2 no transformer: 78 volts, with transformer: 98 volts
Cell #3 no transformer: 28 volts, with transformer: 92 volts

See what I mean about the presence of the transformer increasing the
voltage of the cells?

    I also noticed that when the rectifier cells are wired in series the
electrodes no longer glow in the same way as they did with only one cell.
With three cells in series only two of the electrodes glow. The first
electrode (cathode) of the first cell in the series and the last electrode
(anode) of the last cell in the series. The cathode of the first cell
glows brightly but the anode of the last cell glows only dimly. None of
the electrodes between these two glows at all neither do they dissolve
even after prolonged operation.

    The next thing that I noticed was that the amount of bubbles being
produced at the aluminum rectifier cell electrodes (of which there were
only tiny amounts) in cell #1 was greater than the amount being
produced in cells  numbers 2 & 3. In 2 & 3 the the amount of gasses being
produced was so small as to be very nearly nonexistent. In cell # 1
however there were tiny but steady streams of bubbles being produced at
the edges of the electrodes.  When the transformer is hooked up the amount
of bubbles being produced in the # 1 rectifier cell increases noticeably.
Here is another puzzle. The gas being produced in the # 1 cell with the
transformer hooked up is formed on the cathode of that cell and on the
neutral stainless electrode, NOT on the anode of the cell! No increase of
bubble formation is observed in either of the other two cells in this
situation.

    I believe that the transformer coil is acting to boost the voltage in
the rectifier cells by first storing and releasing the energy of the AC
radio signal that is passing through the cells. And I think that more
current is flowing between the neutral electrodes than is flowing in the
primary circuit itself and the current is moving from one neutral
electrode to the other and then reversing polarity and going back to the
other electrode as the polarity of the cells changes. So the
neutral cells are in essence antennas which are inserted into the radio
signal in the water and are receiving the signal like a radio antenna.
This might be possible because water is much better at transferring waves
than is air.

    If you look again at the voltages listed above for the water in each of
the cells in series you will notice that the voltage ("charge") in each
cell is different. This means that the neutral electrodes, inserted into
the first and last cells, are actually taking advantage of this potential
difference between the water of the cells in the series. This brings up a
rather unique possibility. Imagine if you will a hot wire leading into the
series of cells as pictured. But then imagine the ground wire being
removed (I don't recommend you do this). That would be more or less like
an incomplete circuit in the primary. It is true that the hot wire is
still electrically energized and does put out a small but detectable emf
around it. But no current can flow because no complete circuit exists for
current to flow through and so no current can flow.

    Imagine now, as I said, that we hook this lone hot wire to our series
of electrolysis cells but no ground wire is connected. Would the
electrodes in the cells act like tiny radio antennas and transmit the
electric charge from the hot wire through all of the cells? I did test
this setup and the answer is yes. Without a ground wire connected a pd can
still be measured between the water of the first and last cell in the
series and also between the battery clamps on the 12 volt side of the
transformer. No electrolysis occurred without the ground wire
hooked up but the electric charge was there and was being transferred to
the secondary of the transformer coil. Perhaps with more
sophisticated electronic components being added into the system by a
qualified electrical engineer there could be a system developed which
would allow current to flow in the secondary of the transformer in this
situation. If that is possible then, since no current flows in the
primary, it should be obvious that a single, small AC generator could
power an almost unlimited number of electrolysis cells via such a
system. Even the grounded system should have some definite potential for
further research and development in the search for better, more efficient
ways to produce hydrogen from water. Hopefully this paper will stimulate
some people who have the resources to further these concepts to do so.

   I deal in finding possibilities. I form an idea and then try to
determine if it is possible. I don't worry about the practicality of the
possibilities that I develop because that is the job of Engineers and I am
not one. In the next issue of the Hydrogen News I want to describe to you
a rather interesting possibility, a way to produce hydrogen fuel from
water absolutely free. Yes I know I am standing on a rather short plank
with that statement. I have been working on this for a while however and
so far it hangs together. No moving parts, no using fossil fuels to
produce it, no engine or generator needed, no dissolving
metals. And no, it isn't wind or solar either. I am talking about using
the energy of the Earth itself... Stay tuned.

                                                                                                               
-END-


----------Advertisement---------------------------------------------------------\
---------
E! Magazine is your source for cutting edge environmental news.
https://www.kable.com/pub/enmg/subTrial.asp?src=QSA136
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
-----------------



Hydrogen News Links:


(1) Engineers Invent Ethanol Reactor Capable of Producing Hydrogen
      http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1774.html
      Through funding from the Minnesota Cornn Growers Association, the
Minnesota Corn Research and...
       (Corn alcohol? Damn, it's Hillbilly heaven! ED.)

(2) Fuel Cell Driven Yacht
      http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1777.html
      The fuel-cell powered drive system for boats, which has been named
"CoolCell" by MTU, is used to...
       (Let's see, I need an H2 yacht, and an H2 limo, an H2 Harley, and an
H2 Mansion, research can be such fun, can't it? ED.)

(3) Hydrogen Technologies: Are Advancements Robust Enough to Deliver on
Hydrogen's Immense Potential?
     
http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/12-21-200\
4/0002672298&EDATE=
Hydrogen is being regarded as a promising candidate to replace
conventional hydrocarbon fuels in...

(4) Japan's Nippon Shokubai to mass-produce fuel cell ceramic sheets
      http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1738.html
      Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd will build a pilot plant to manufacture
ceramic sheets for solid oxide fuel.

(5) Road to hydrogen cars may not be so clean
     
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/12/20/MNGEPAEI591.DTL
"I'm supportive of research and development, but we are at least two
decades away from (deploying)... San Francisco Chronicle

(6) U of Tasmania Hydrogen powered postie bike set for Tassie trial
      http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1727.html
      The world's first hydrogen powered postie bike has been unveiled in
Hobart.

(7) Fuel-cell vehicles obscure--but popular
      http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1722.html
      Only 24 percent of consumers know what fuel-cell vehicles are....but
they like them...

(8) Fuel cell cars on road to the future
     
http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,11737412%255E911,0\
0.html
General Motors sees the hydrogen-powered fuel cell car as the car of
the future.
      (Remember, the future starts...NOW! ED.)

(9) Hybrid Cars are The Future
      http://www.mixedpower.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=277
WHY has the Toyota Prius become the car industry's most talked about
product?
      (Seems as though Toyota and GM are not on quite the same page,
doesn't it? ED.)

(10) H2U Student Design Competition Goes International
        http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=40996
        This year, the National Hydrogen Association (NHA), ChevronTexaco
and the U.S. Department of Energy...
        (if any of this year's teams want some design help/ideas just email
me at enki@... ED.)

----------------------------- Water Science
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
------------------------------------
Water is one of the most fascinating substances in existence. Maybe I am a
bit prejudiced in saying that but I think
that anyone who has spent any time learning even a little bit about it's
structure, behavior and it's interactions with
other elements will agree. For much more detailed information about water
I suggest visiting Martin Chaplin's excellent
site here: http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/index.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
----------


(11) Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Rocket power heats house
        http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1763.html
         A fuel technology last used in a rocket mission to the moon has
been harnessed in a world first to...

(12) 2004 in Review
        http://www.greencarcongress.com/2005/01/2004_in_review.html In a
year that may end up remembered more for the natural
catastrophe that closed it out, the transition to sustainable
transportation lurched into a higher gear and
        began jerkily picking up a little bit of speed.

(13) Title: A proposed science initiative for Bush
       
http://ritestuff.blogspot.com/2004/12/proposed-science-initiative-for-bush.html
Orson Scott Card has some observations about science.
        (Ok, I don't agree with a lot of what this guy says but he makes
some interesting points and I liked the title of his blog: "Right
Wing Neo-Pagan" ED.)

(14) Hydrogen's not so Hot
       http://www.rppi.org/outofcontrol/archives/000737.html
       Reason did a policy study last month exploring the impact of
switching cars over to hydrogen on greenhouse gas emissions.
       (Here we see the latest "half accurate" anti-hydrogen spin story. It
is true in one scenario for H2 production but that isn' the only way to do
it. ED.)

(15) Transition to hydrogen: road to China's energy sustainable
development
        http://www.inderscience.com/
        Based on the analysis of the status quo and the outlook for China's
energy, challenges facing China in energy sector are presented.
        (So? Wal-Mart owns China now. If you can run a communist sweat shop
making capitalist goods cheaper on H2 then I'm all for it. ED.)

(16) Iceland to Spread Green Energy Mantra in Europe
        http://www.20six.de/FREEAGENCY/archive/2004/12/26/85byh0lbmnw5.htm

(17) Pipe dream
        http://bulagnabilog.blogspot.com/2004/12/pipe-dream.html
        What would happen when oil runs out?
        ( An interesting commentary but it concludes that we are doomed to
use petroleum pretty much forever.(sigh) ED.)

(18) H 2 --No
        http://www.cuzwesaidso.com/archives/001089.html
        "Popular Science"[T]he truth is that we arent much closer to a
commercially viable hydrogen-powered car than we are to cold fusion or a
cure for cancer."The article
        says that hydrogen is not and can never be an energy source on
Earth, that a hydrogen economy will not run on renewable energy any time
in the near future... and
        several other sobering things."
        (And;"If god intended man to fly he would have given him wings,
etc.." ED.)

(19) "Shell Helping Lead the Way to The Hydrogen Economy"
       http://www.prweb.com/releases/2004/12/prwebxml191464.php
       Featuring an exclusive interview with Shell Hydrogen?s CEO Jeremy
Bentham, and outlining the forces driving us towards a future
fuelled at least partly by hydrogen.
       ( Of course this is just a waste of money according to the previous
few storys...ED.)

(20) China's Large Oil Reserves in Bohai Bay Get Media Attention
        http://www.intl-news.com/blog/_archives/2004/12/24/214518.html
Exploration teams have found the Bohai Bay Basin of North China may
contain 20.5 billion tons of offshore oil reserves, with 9 billion tons
already proven, experts said.
        (Imagine an energy independent China which also has the world's
cheapest and most productive manufacturing workforce...uh-oh...
ED.)

(21) Mining the Moon: Helium 3 to solve Earth's Energy Problems?
        http://feeds.feedburner.com/AlternativeEnergyBlog?m=90
        A potential gas source found on the moon's surface could hold the
key to meeting future energy demands as the earth's fossil fuels
dry up in the coming decades,
        scientists say.
        ( hehehehe, oh, that's good. And people believe this crap? But we
can't produce H2 on Earth? hehehehe Fused H2 (or D2) can produce
He3 as a by-product. ED.)

(22) Out of the Energy Box?
        http://e-energy.blogspot.com/2004/12/out-of-energy-box.html Out of
the Energy Box By S. JULIO FRIEDMANN AND THOMAS HOMER-DIXON
From the November/December 2004 issue of Foreign Affairs.
        ( Interesting to see world level players wring their hands and run
around crying "who will save us?" hehehe ED.)

(23) All About Fuel Cells And Alternative Fuel Vehicles
      
http://www.articleagents.com/archives/all_about_fuel_cells_and_alternative_fuel_\
vehicles.html
( A bunch of facts for whoever is interested. Might be a nice
resource for a school report. ED.)

(24) Texas Energy Center still hasn't created jobs
       
http://newstrove.com/cgi-bin/newstrove.pl?url=http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssisto\
ry.mpl/metropolitan/2972693
Energy Center leaders say the problem is a lack of federal funds
and a need to change their business plan to fit the objectives of
the jobs-focused Texas Enterprise
        Fund.
        ( Awww, poor Texas. I say we give George W. back to them. Maybe he
can solve their problems by bombing Louisiana back to the stone
age? Course if I get another
        invite from the Carlyle Group my opinion might change...ED.)

(25) Dioxin - Closer than you think!
        http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/news/details?item_id=682927
The deadly chemical dioxin has hit the headlines with the poisoning
of Ukrainian opposition leader Viktor Yuschenko. What doesn't often make
the news is the fact
        that dioxin pollution is far more widespread than political
poisonings.

(26) Uncharted waters for the Climate?
        http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/news/details?item_id=671301
Politicians from around the world are gathering in Argentina to
discuss climate change. We have unveiled our own 'Climate Ark' in
the centre of Buenos Aires to
        illustrate the urgent need for action.

(27) IEA sees potential in hydrogen and fuel cells (Oil & Gas Journal)
       
http://ogj.pennnet.com/articles/article_display.cfm?Section=ONART&C=GenIn&ARTICL\
E_ID=218093&p=7
Although commercial maturity and significant market penetration
remain decades away, hydrogen and fuel-cell technologies represent
high-potential options for a
        secure energy future with diminished emissions of carbon dioxide.

(28) Golf Car utilizes 1.8 kW alkaline fuel cell generator
        http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/458646/rss
        Freedom II, powered by Model E7 AFC Generator, runs smoothly and
silently and can be refueled in minutes. Generator is fueled by 33 L
carbon fiber cylinder of
        compressed hydrogen and can operate for over 3 days between
refills. Emission-free generator contains two 900 W POWERSTACK
MC250 alkaline fuel cell stacks
        and can deliver 20% overload factor for acceleration and hill
climbing.
        ( But to go from golf cart to car is decades away? Sorta funny,
isn't it? ED.)

(29) Green Power
        http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/89/green-power.html
        Thanks to soaring fuel prices, lots of creative energy is being
applied to alternative energy. The time may finally have come for
these three champions of on-the-verge
        technologies.

(30) New source of power at landfill
       
http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2004/12/28/features/9696011&sec=\
features
A WASTE landfill is not only to dispose of our daily discards. It
can also provide a valuable commodity – energy. Gas emanating from
dumps can be collected and
        combusted to produce electricity, as is happening at the Ayer Hitam
Landfill in Puchong, Selangor.

(31 Engineers Invent Ethanol Reactor Capable of Producing Hydrogen
      http://www.news.farmpage.com/index.cfm?show=4&id=13311
       Through funding from the Minnesota Corn Growers Association, the
Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council and the University of
Minnesota's Initiative for
      Renewable Energy and the Environment, engineers at the university
have invented the first reactor capable of efficiently producing
hydrogen from ethanol.
      ( Certain American's have been producing their own Ethanol for many
years from corn. Now they can make H2 from it to fuel their Still. I love
progress. ED.)

(32) Fuel Free-for-all
        http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/977936.cms
        Forget the so-called 'philosopher's stone' which alchemists believe
could turn base metal into gold. Forget the perpetual motion
machine. The greatest dream of
        science is cold fusion.
        ( Yeah, as if. Most people don't have a clue. Low energy fusion
reactions are really easy to do, but no one mentions that. They
focus on the cold fusion thing instead.
        Or on the Tokamak hot fusion money pit. Let's not look at what IS
possible though...no,no..then we might accidentally build something that
actually works. ED.)

(33) Additional Detail on the Michelin/PSI HY-LIGHT Prototype
       http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/12/additional_deta.html
Michelin is providing a bit more information on the HY-LIGHT
hydrogen fuel cell concept car, including a simplified schematic (at
right). Developed in partnership with the
       Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), the HY-LIGHT made its debut at the
Challenge Bibendum in Shanghai this year. (Earlier post.)The
lightweight car (850 kg) uses Michelin’s
       Active Wheel units—electric traction motors combined with an
active electric suspension—mounted in the front wheels.
Supercapacitors store the electricity generated
       by braking. Michelin designed the HY-LIGHT with the expectation of
using H2 and O2 generated via electrolysis and stored in separate
on-board tanks at up to 350 bar
       (5,000 psi).With pressurized oxygen stored on-board, the HY-LIGHT
fuel cell does not require an on-board compressor to pump air
through it to provide the source of
       oxygen through the fuel cell. Compressors add weight and power
consumption, and ambient air contains components the fuel cell
doesn’t require, such as nitrogen and
       CO2.

(34) British Steam Car Challenge
        http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/12/british_steam_c.html The
BBC profiles Glynne Bowsher, chief designer, and the British
Steam Car Challenge team in their quest to break the steam-car
speed record with their vehicle,
        Inspiration. The extant record was set in 1906 by a Stanley Steamer
that reached 127.659 mph.
        ( This sounds like a lot of fun. Kind of like Soap Box Derby for
big boys. ED.)

(35) Grass Growing...in Antarctica
        http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/12/grass_growingin.html
         Grass has become established in Antarctica, showing the continent
is warming to temperatures unseen for 10,000 years.Scientists have
reported that broad areas of
         grass are now forming turf where there were once ice-sheets and
glaciers.Tufts have previously grown on patches of Antarctica in
summer, but the scientists have now
         observed larger areas surviving winter and spreading in the summer
months.“Grass has taken a grip. There are very rapid changes going
on in the Antarctic’s climate,
         allowing grass to colonise areas that would once have been far too
cold,” said Pete Convey, an ecologist conducting research
with the British Antarctic Survey.
         ( But the Bush Administration still doesn't believe in Global
Warming? Oh well, look at the bright side, now Mickey D's has some new
grazing land for cattle. ED. )

(36) First H2ICE Hybrid Transit Bus in Service
        http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/12/first_hsub2subi.html The
SunLine Transit Agency in Palm Springs, CA, has put the first
H2ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) series hybrid transit bus into
service.

(37) Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
        http://solutions.synearth.net/2004/12/31

(38) Permafrost Not So Permanent
        http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4120755.stm
        In parts of Fairbanks, Alaska, houses and buildings lean at odd
angles. Some slump as if sliding downhill. Windows and doors inch
closer and closer to the ground. It
        is an architectural landscape that is becoming more familiar as the
world's ice-rich permafrost gives way to thaw.

(39) Designing the World's Future
        http://futurepositive.synearth.net/2004/12/27
        Today, the future of most of the people, and indeed the future of
the whole world, is decided by only a few, who, in most cases, do
not even represent anybody else,
        but themselves and their groups.
        ( Seems to me it has been this way for a very, very long time. ED.)

(40) Who Owns the World's Oil?
        http://solutions.synearth.net/2004/12/27
        The struggles over the ownership of the two most important
political liquids of this era, petroleum and water, have had
different fates....


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The Hydrogen News # 27



In this issue:

Story# 1 Team sets out to circle the globe in H2 powered boat

Story # 2 Venture cap money available for H2 R&D

Story # 4 Guantanimo goes green

Story #39 More free software

Story #  40 It is so warm in Russia this winter that the bears can't
sleep....

My Story: Damien's Machine


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slip a couple of bucks my way to help with buying equipment to
further my research I would appreciate it. I now have a Pay-Pal
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Blog: http://enki.tblog.com
Website: http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/index.html
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--------------


Damien's Machine
By Mike Johnston
Copyright 2005


      Intriguing title, isn't it? You know where it comes from, right? If
not let me refresh your memory; in the book/movie The Omen 3, Damien
Thorn (the Antichrist) develops a new source of free energy which is
assumed to be for the purpose of leading the uneducated and morally
bankrupt masses of the world into damnation. Not really a ringing
endorsement of alternative energy is it? I guess that is why the
movie annoyed me when it came out (70's?). I suppose that "inevitable
doom" interpretation of the book of Revelation means that God wants
us to go on using fossil fuels until they either run out or we all
die from the consequences of using them. Or maybe it assumes that we
must, to fulfill Divine design, start building more nuclear power
plants. After all, the goal of good folk everywhere should be to
destroy the world that we all know and love in order to open the
pathway for the triumphal return of Jesus Christ shouldn't it?

    But what about the Thorn Industries device itself? I don't think that
the movie really went into describing how it was supposed to work but I
do remember what it looked like. It was a low, factory type building
which was situated right along the seashore. It had a large, metal ball
above it which was supported by a cylindrical tower, sort of like a
huge Van De Graff generator. It didn't mean anything to me at the time
and still is only a fictional product of the writer's or filmmaker's
imagination but the image stuck with me. As I describe my line of
reasoning in this story you will see why the memory of that Satanic
power plant resurfaced in my mind as I considered various ways to
produce hydrogen from water in more efficient ways and how that plant
might be adapted to become one possible incarnation of the particular
method that I am going to describe for you here (besides it made a
great title).

    First off let's have a look at the fictional power source and see if we
can identify the key components which would be involved in it's
operation as best we can from the above description. There is the Van
De Graff ball above the plant, that could be taken to represent a high
voltage power supply. Or if you wanted to be a bit more specific you
could say a high voltage, electrostatic power source. Next is the
proximity of the plant to water, the ocean. From that we could surmise
that water is another component of this (hypothetical) free power
source. Since the ocean is salty (NaCl is an electrolyte), we might
also assume that water with an electrolyte is a major component. From
those two ingredients we could make some fairly realistic projections
about how the system might have been able to work. Obviously using
electricity and water with an electrolyte we can produce hydrogen fuel
and so perhaps hydrogen was the intended result of this system? But it
takes energy to produce hydrogen from water so how could this be a
"free" energy system? On the other hand it takes more energy to turn a
windmill than is produced by the generator that is attached to it and
so how could that provide usable energy? Simple, it just depends on
where you get your primary energy from. If you can find a source of
energy which already exists in the environment (such as wind) then use
that energy to generate electricity (as in the case of a windmill) or
to split water and store the resulting hydrogen gas for later use then
such a system becomes quite viable.

    Next we should have a look at our planet and see if we can identify
such a source of energy. I will outline two here that aren't being
discussed too much in the mainstream press (or anywhere else for that
matter). There are other embodiments of these sources but I won't go
into those yet as I may want to try to make a buck or two off one of
them. The Earth is part of a larger system and the energy of this
system is supplied (by and large) by the Sun. The charged particles
leaving the sun and radiating out into space are called the Solar Wind.
As these particles hit the upper atmosphere they cause this part of the
atmosphere to become electrically charged and to form a plasma. This is
the plasmasphere. As a result of this charging by the sun the
plasmasphere has a certain electrical potential (charge). Way down
below on the ground there is a different potential (charge). Between
these two plates is the dielectric, the air. Of course there is water
vapor in the air as well as the air itself being made of several
different gasses so it is a mixed dielectric. So the difference in
charge between these two points could be called a potential difference
or voltage. In essence then the Earth is acting as a huge, spherical
capacitor
(http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~vawter/PhysicsNet/Topics/Capacitors/EarthCap.html).
Those of us who live here on the ground are living on one plate of a
fully charged electrical capacitor. Think about that, we live in a sea
of invisible energy and we don't even realize it.

    I would like to inject here two points for your consideration which are
not really related to the main topic of this article but are still
worth thinking about. One is that, since the Earth is a capacitor and
the air between the ground and the plasmasphere is the dielectric of
this capacitor it is interesting to think about what might be the
effects of any substantial changes in the composition of the
dielectric. All dielectric substances have different levels of
permeability. This determines how much of a potential difference is
required to cause dielectric breakdown (when electric current is able
to pass through the dielectric). If the air dielectric was to break
down, for example, it might permit electrical current to flow directly
between the Plasmasphere and the surface of the planet. Sort of like
huge bolts of lightning of a type never before seen. I thought it was
an interesting concept.

    Following that train of thought one has to think about how the
atmosphere has been changed recently. We have seen the addition of many
new substances to the atmosphere. Chloroflurocarbons were the first one
that we decided could bring about substantial changes to a vital part
of out atmosphere (the Ozone Layer). Now we are looking at Carbon
Dioxide as the next pollutant which is present in large enough
concentrations to change the composition of the atmosphere in general
with rather negative consequences for life forms who a) breathe oxygen
and b) like to live in somewhat moderate temperatures. What about water
though? Burning fossil fuels creates water where no water existed
before. It also takes oxygen out of the atmosphere and bonds it into
this water that it creates as well as into CO2 gas that it also creates
(CH4 +2O2 ----> CO2 + 2H2O). So the Earth has more water and free
carbon dioxide today than it did 200 years ago and less oxygen due to
the use of fossil fuels. Much of this water is injected directly into
the atmosphere as steam from auto exhaust and jet aircraft exhaust. A
recent study discovered water higher in the atmosphere than it was ever
detected before (at the quantities measured).

    If this atmospheric water was pure H2O it would be just one more
addition to the atmospheric dielectric but it isn't pure. Another
pollutant created by burning fossil fuels is Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
which, when mixed with water, becomes Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). So much of
this new atmospheric water is acidulated by sulfuric acid. The most
well known evidence of this is the acid rain which has been a problem
for some time now. But another, less well known/discussed effect is
that, by mixing a substance like sulfuric acid (which is an
electrolyte) with water the resulting solution is no longer a
dielectric, it becomes an electrical conductor. A very different
situation indeed when you consider that by putting an electrical
conductor higher and in greater concentrations in the insulating
atmosphere than it has ever been before we are effectively decreasing
the distance between the Plasmasphere plate of our planetary capacitor
and the Ground plate. The closer two plates of a capacitor are the less
dielectric that is between them and the less voltage that is required
to cause dielectric breakdown and for current to flow directly between
the two plates. What are the implications? I am not sure. As best as I
can tell from asking a couple of climate change researchers no one is
looking at these particular things in this way. I guess we will just
have to wait and see.

    Back to my main topic though. We are living on one plate of a capacitor
and we would like to find a way to use the energy of the capacitor that
we live on to separate water and store the resulting H2 as a fuel. Ok,
seems simple enough. What we need first is a way to collect this
planetary energy and to direct it to flow between our point of
collection and another point of lower electrical potential. In this
pathway between these two points of different potential we will install
our hydrogen producing mechanism so that current flows though it. What
if we were to create a "capacitor within a capacitor"? Have a look at
these pages before you read further as I will utilize concepts
presented in them in this paper:

(1) http://amasci.com/tesla/spark.html

(2) http://www.amasci.com/amateur/whygnd.html

    These pages contain a good explanation of planetary electrical energy
by Bill Beatty, an electrical engineer and acquaintance of mine. In the
second paper referenced above in the 2nd through 5th paragraphs is a
nice encapsulation of the framework for the first device proposed.
Illustration:
( http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/damien1.JPG )
     The illustration I prepared is rather simple and without doubt could
probably use a lot of work to make it something viable but we have to
start somewhere, don't we? At any rate, in it you see a wire which
serves as the other capacitor plate (the ground being the first). This
Capacitive Antenna is mounted on wooden poles 30' high and the antenna
is 200' long. At that height we should be able to get several hundred
volts of charge built up on the wire. That wire then runs to an
electrolysis cell and from there to a ground stake. That way any
charge that builds up on the wire will have to drain through our
electrolysis cell to get to the ground. Of course while it passes
through the electrolysis cell the current will produce H2 and O2 gas
from the water.

    Electrolysis cells require a certain minimum voltage to operate,
depending on the electrolyte used (usually 2 volts or less) and until
this minimum voltage build up on the wire the cell will act like a
capacitor itself. Once sufficient charge builds up the cell will act as
a conductor and drain away the excess charge. An engineer might make
many beneficial modifications to such a system. Such modifications
might include using the antenna wire as a high voltage source and
pulsing the DC charge by installing an oscillator or some such
electronic component and then use a transformer to convert the high
voltage low current of the antenna to low voltage high current on it's
secondary as the current level not the voltage is what determines how
much H2 is produced in an electrolysis cell. That is probably the
simplest free hydrogen system that I can show you and it is a working
embodiment of the Damien device from the movie. Cool, ain't it?

    Another way to produce a more or less permanent voltage from naturally
occurring conditions on the Earth, still using the ocean as a critical
component, would be to use the ocean itself. You see the salinity of
the water in the ocean is not at a constant level throughout. In deeper
water there is a higher concentration of salt than there is in shallow
water or in bays where a lot of fresh water is entering the ocean and
diluting it's salinity. Why is this important? As I pointed out earlier
salt is an electrolyte. This means that when it is placed in water salt
splits into electrically charged pieces (ions) NaCL ----> Na+ + Cl- .
The PH value of a solution which is familiar in that it shows whether a
solution is acid or basic can also be used to determine the electrical
charge of such a solution. The more ions present the higher the charge.
If the negative ion has the higher charge the solution is acidic and if
the positive ion has the higher charge it is positively charged. One
can say that is all well and good but because there are an equal number
of positive and negative ions in a solution then the solution overall
is electrically neutral. You would be correct BUT if you compare two
different containers of water with different concentrations of the same
electrolyte in them (such as salt), even though both solutions are
electrically neutral on an individual basis, one container has a
significantly higher number of charged particles overall and because of
this there is a measurable potential difference between those two
containers or between different concentrations of salt at different
depths in the ocean.

    This charge would probably be somewhat static though and some method of
oscillating the charge between two or more plates of some inert metal
(one at each depth desired) would probably be needed in order to make
use of this permanent charge to separate water and produce H2 fuel.
That isn't the point though, the point is that there are MANY sources
of free electrical energy available to us naturally in the environment
around us which could potentially be utilized to produce hydrogen fuel
from water for us to use. H2 from water is a totally non-polluting
energy source and it doesn't rob oxygen from the environment either or
release CO2 or any other pollutant into the environment. Just based on
that isn't H2 from water the fuel that we should be putting all our
research efforts into?

    As I promised in the last H2 News I have tried to put together here a
somewhat persuasive argument for the viability of two methods to
produce free H2 from water. Hopefully the somewhat novel way of doing
it (using Damien's Machine as an example) was at least slightly
amusing. These methods are very simple to understand with no moving
parts to wear out and would, if indeed they are possible, do wonders
for the implementation of the Hydrogen Economy. Imagine that, no more
buying heating oil for your home or gas for your car! No more
pollution! And it is possible NOW, not in 20 years. As long as the
Earth is here this will work because it uses the free energy that is
provided by the planet itself. I love science.

                                                                                                       
-END-



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---------
E! Magazine is your source for cutting edge environmental news.
https://www.kable.com/pub/enmg/subTrial.asp?src=QSA136
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-----------------


Hydrogen News Links:


(1) AROUND the world on hydrogen
      Dubbing their endeavor The Hydrogen Expedition, Hilman and teammates
are gearing up to circumnavigate the globe in a
hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered boat. ...
      http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1839.html
      ( Cool, cool, cool. ED.)

(2) West Coast Private Equity Conference
      ACG San Francisco and the Haas School of Business are proud to
present their Second Annual West Coast Private Equity Conference
      Wednesday, January 19th, 2005
      10:00am - 6:30pm
       8:30 AM            Registration Opens
       10:00 AM          The Double Bottom Line
                               The Honorable Phil Angelides,
                               California State Treasurer, CalPERS and
CalSTRS Board Member
       11:00 AM          Networking Session
       12:15 PM          Lunch & Keynote Speaker
                               The Similar Worlds of Sports and Private Equity
                               Steve Young, Co-Founder & Managing Director,
Sorenson Capital
       2:30 PM            Haas Business School Panel
                               Dean Richard Lyons - Foreign Currency Risk
                               Holly Schroth - Negotiations
                               Kellie McElhaney - Corporate Governance
      3:30-6:30 PM    ACG Capital Connection and Wine Reception
      Printable registration form: please go to our web site at
www.acg.org/sanfrancisco
      (Have a cutting edge H2 energy idea? Here is your ticket to fame and
fortune. ED.)

(3) CHBC Alliances Conference
      In conjunction with our upcoming General Meeting February 25 in
Torrance, the California Hydrogen Business Council invites you to
attend a special Two-Day
      Workshop on Business Alliances
      http://www.californiahydrogen.org/page.cfm?content=17&event_ID=26
      (Want to form alliances with successful H2 related companies? Here is
your meeting. ED.)

(4) Guantanamo military base to be powered partly by wind
      http://grist.org/cgi-bin/forward.pl?forward_id=4037

(5) SAE India developing hydrogen vehicle
      SAE India is working on a proposal to launch a hydrogen powered
vehicle by 2008. The chairman of ...
      http://www.awknowledge.com/AEM/content.asp?contentid=32888

(6) USDA Publishes Rules for Federal Purchasing of Bioproducts
      http://www.usda.gov/2005/01/0005.xml
      (Want to sell your fryer grease to the Feds? Here's how. Ed.)

(7) FIRM to oversee hydrogen-power buses for the city
      Imagine the vehicle of the future, equipped with a
hydrogen-fuel-cell-based engine and wireless Internet access for
professionals on the go. ...
      http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=27746
      (But we can't get fuel cells for our houses or our vehicles? Hint: a
fuel cell big enough to power a bus would easily power your house.
ED.)

(8) GREEN hydrogen buses are a 'hit'
      He said that the trials were a "positive indication that hydrogen
fuel cells could offer an alternative to diesel in the future". ...
      http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4173535.stm
      (Hydrogen houses would begood  too. You could use solar or wind to
produce your H2 and.... Nevermind. ED.)

(9) ALTERNATIVE-FUEL vehicles star, but wide use is miles away
      "It's not an especially expensive or energy-intensive process. ...and
storage costs would make hydrogen, very roughly ... as expensive as
gasoline, but fuel cells
      are ...
      http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2005-01-11-auto-show_x.htm
      ( And anything that burns gasoline can burn H2 with a few relatively
easy modifications. Of course H2 fueled BUSSES are affordable but not
cars, oh no, not cars. Not
      for YOU anyway! hahahahaha ED.)

(10) Student's Wave Energy Invention Wins National Award
        His invention was the "Gyro-Gen," a gyroscope that converts ocean
wave energy into electricity. The spinning gyroscope, mounted in a
buoy, resists the
        movement of the waves by exerting torque on a crank, which turns an
electric generator.
       
http://www.siemens-foundation.org/2004/2004-05%20National%20Winners%20Release%20\
FINAL.pdf

(11) ONTARIO set to boost fuel cell development
        The program could also help Ontario's automotive, manufacturing and
petrochemical sectors stay competitive in the hydrogen economy,
should it ever emerge.
        
http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_T\
ype1&c=Article&cid=1105656610692&call_pageid=970599119419

(12) GM: Hydrogen fuel cells clearly industry's driving force
        Electric-gasoline hybrid vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
that emit only water vapor are the future, Larry Burns, GM's vice
president of research and ...
       
http://www.lsj.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050113/NEWS03/501130347/1001/new\
s

(13) FORD receives new hydrogen systems from Dynetek
        Ford's new E-450 shuttle bus will be fitted with Dynetek's hydrogen
fuel storage systems.
        http://www.awknowledge.com/ACA/content.asp?contentid=32857

(14) HONDA fuel-cell cars to be available in US
        If you're waiting to get your hands on one of Honda's zero-emission
hydrogen fuel-cell cars, this may be your year.
        http://www.engadget.com/entry/1234000913027221/
        ( Wait, I thought these wouldn't be available for years? Hmmmm,
something fishy here. All you need is a solar electrolyzer and you
will never buy gas again. ED.)

(15) ENCAPSULATION of Molecular Hydrogen in Fullerene C 60 by Organic ...
        This process can be used to synthesize a fullerene C 60
encapsulating molecular hydrogen, which can be isolated as a pure
product. ...
        http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/307/5707/238

(16) NANOMIX Receives Additional US Patent in Alternative Energy ...
        The system employs a combination of thermal insulation and an
enclosure for the storage and controlled distribution of hydrogen
as a high-energy fuel. ...
         http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/050113/sfth030_1.html

(17) INDUSTRY split over future of hybrid cars
        Split this week over which fuel efficient, lower emission, engines
will prove to be the wave of the future - hybrid, clean diesel or
hydrogen fuel cell. ...
        http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1849.html

(18) WATER, WATER EVERYWH ... HEY, WHERE'D THE WATER GO?
        Agriculture needs to start conserving water, badly
        http://grist.org/cgi-bin/forward.pl?forward_id=3989
        ( Damn, now water will cost as much as gasoline. Guess I will be
buying my water from EXXON soon. ED.)

(19) CALIFORNIA'S Hydrogen Future: A Senate Briefing
        Transportation Studies will brief US senators and staffers on the
future of fuel cell vehicles and California's pioneering efforts to
build a hydrogen economy. ...
        http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=7250

(20) Home-Made Biofuels Are Best - UK Green Groups
        http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/29052/story.htm

(21) WAY cleared for start of hydrogen pipeline
        A proposed 12-inch hydrogen gas pipeline in Lucas County (Ohio)
received approval yesterday from the Ohio Power Siting Board,
clearing the way for ...
       
http://toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050111/BUSINESS06/501110413
        ( Distributing the H2 for those fuel cell buses that aren't at all
like the fuel cell cars you can't buy yet, unless you buy them from
Honda. ED.)

(22) Green Energy Resources Shareholder Update for 2004-2005
        http://www.enn.com/press.html?id=69

(23) UK Hydrogen Energy Strategic Framework -- Analysis (December 2004 ...)
        The key message from the analysis is that for the UK, the use of
hydrogen as a transport fuel offers significant opportunities for
cost-competitive CO2 ...
         http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage1825.html

(24) HOW high oil prices can be green
        Sustained oil prices are also driving the development of the next
generation of vehicle engine, the hydrogen fuel cell.
        http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=17853&cat_id=9
        ( As well as record profits for the oil companies. I could also
tell you why it is good for the profitability of a company to keep
the wages of workers like you as low as is
        possible and to eliminate such frivolous perks as health insurance
and pensions. You understand that right? It is good for the overall
economy for you and millions of
        others like you to live in poverty. That is simply the truth. The
more a company can lower it's costs the more profitable it is and
the more profitable it is the more money
        it can spend on $100,000 wedding gowns and $40,000,000 coronation
parties. Thanks America, now get back to work, Daddy needs a new
Lamborghini. ED.)

(25) STARK has what it takes
        It would rely on nonpolluting "clean-coal" technology to extract
hydrogen from coal and use the hydrogen to make electricity in fuel
cells or gas turbines. ...
        http://www.cantonrep.com/index.php?Category=3&ID=202195&r=0
        (Remember friends, in "Clean Coal" technologies most or all of the
H2 produced comes from the water used, NOT the Coal. ED.)

(26) White House, Pentagon, Industry Secretly Colluded To Skew National
Academy Of Sciences Perchlorate Report, Documents Show
        http://www.enn.com/aff.html?id=314
        (Is this a surprise? It's ok though Republicans can do no
wrong.Wait till you guys retire and get your first Social Security
check. hehehehehe ED.)

(27) HYBRIDS and hydrogen rule
        The most dramatic fuel-cell news, visually at least, comes from GM,
which has rolled out a crossover concept called Sequel, powered by
a hydrogen fuel cell. ...
       
http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_T\
ype1&c=Article&cid=1105614487714&call_pageid=970599119419

(28) Rising Seas Threaten Islands, Cities, Coasts
        It sounds insignificant alongside the Indian Ocean tsunami, yet an
almost imperceptible annual rise in the world's oceans may pose a
huge threat to ports, coasts
        and islands by 2100.
        http://www.enn.com/today.html?id=6908
        ( Luckily though there is no such thing as global warming/climate
change. "W" says so and we all know what a genius he is.ED.)

(29) JAPAN proposes huge cuts in emissions
        By 2100, most energy consumption will be met by renewable energy
sources such as nuclear power, hydrogen energy and solar energy.
...
       
http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story.asp?StoryId=CqEsU0eidAMfWyw4Tzw5LCMD5Cg9SAwn\
5

(30) Toyota Europe Aims to Sell 20,000 Prius Hybrids in Europe
        http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/29066/story.htm
        ( No doubt they will too. Europeans are just such damn tree
huggers, aren't they? Just remember Europe, the jet stream flows
west to east.ED.)

(31) Powerful Storm Kills Three in Britain
        http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/28970/story.htm

(32) Sustainability must be in hearts and minds of government
        Sustainability urgently needs to be put at the heart of all
government policies, a report by the Sustainable Development
Commission (SDC) has stated.
        http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=9401&channel=1

(33) Top global scientific minds meet to study climate change
        Top scientists from the UK and Japan have joined forces to create a
super-technology for predicting climate change in the 21st Century.
        http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=9389&channel=6

(34) Canadian Researcher Invents New Solar Cell
        http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/28991/story.htm

(35) Fossil Fuel Curbs May Speed Global Warming
        http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/28964/story.htm

(36) Spain's Gamesa to Build Wind Power Plant in US
        http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/29068/story.htm
        ( At least somebody is. ED.)

(37) The Changing Arctic: Indigenous Perspectives
        http://www.enn.com/aff.html?id=318
        ( Get it? Keyword: Changing. THe Earth today is not like it was
within human memory. Period. The government can only pull their
Ostrich act for so long. ED.)

(38) Svalbard's Marine Mammals in a Warmer, Wetter, Wilder Arctic
        http://www.enn.com/aff.html?id=321
        ( No climate change, no climate change, no climate change....is it
gone yet? ED.)

(39) Free Sustainable Transport Advice for SMEs
       TransportEnergy BestPractice introduces new training CD-Rom for
business advisers and trainers
        http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=9379&channel=6

(40) Warm Russian Winter Drives Bears Out of Bed
        http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/28960/story.htm
        ( Bad bears! Back to hibernation! There is NO GLOBAL WARMING!!!!
Please, someone, shoot those damn bears and hide the carcasses, ALL
IS WELL! ED.)


Notice: For information on advertising rates or to make suggestions email
me at: enki@...  All original material in this newsletter is
assumed to be
            copyrighted by the source from which it originates. My stories
are also copyrighted from the date they are published.

Please excuse this cross posting.
I'm trying to cast the widest net possible.

I am interested in buying the Trencherman II Mini Backhoe Mfg. by
North Star and sold by Northern Tool. [NorthernTool P#4065]

I am looking for anyone who has operated one of these, or knows of
someone who has done so.

It would help me a great deal to speak, or correspond, with such a
person to get the benefit of their experience with this machine.

I am trying to answer the question: Is this machine a truly useful
tool, or is it one of those "good ideas that didn't work out"?
Or, can it do useful amounts of work, or is it too
small/light/underpowered to be of much real use?
Specifically, can it dig through very dense, hard Virginia clay
subsoil and "rotten rock", or is that asking too much?  Speed is not
the question.
I know a full sized, tractor-mounted back-hoe can handle this job. But
the tractor is 4-6 times heavier and thus provides a more substantial
base to operate from.

I would greatly appreciate any leads toward answering these questions.

Wynn
Shenandoah Valley, Virginia

The Hydrogen News # 28

In this issue:

Story #2 National Security to Lead Renewable Energy Deployment

Story # 16 Experts: Global Warming Is Real

Story # 22 Horrors of Global Warming Highlighted

Story # 25 Global Warming Bill Means Thousands of New Jobs

Story # 31 It's much too late to sweat global warming, Time to prepare for
inevitable effects of our ill-fated future

My story on water based transistors

Story from guest writer Eric Kreig of phact.org

Lots of other Climate Change stories



-------------Notice-------------------------------------------------------------\
-----------
The Hydrogen News is a free publication but if anyone would like to
slip a couple of bucks my way to help with buying equipment to
further my research I would appreciate it. I now have a Pay-Pal
"Donate" button on my blog and my website for this purpose.
Blog: http:enki.tblog.com
Website: http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/index.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
--------------


The Future Is Now

      To say that the hold that human civilization has on this planet is a
fragile and tenuous one seems untrue in these days of talk of life
extention to one thousand years or more and unlimited capitalist
expansion and growth through globalization. Yet in this past year,
with the Tsunami, we have seen just how fast that natural conditions
on the Earth can align themselves together to bring about a scale of
human destruction so profound as to be nearly indescribable and yet
at the same time spare the lives of most of the animals and plants of
the area. At the same time we have read stories about Climate Change
and how grass is growing in Antarctica, Russian bears who can't
sleep, fish and animal species that are moving into areas where they
never lived before to take advantage of new temperatures and seen the
damage caused by the melting of the Permafrost in the Arctic. With
the recent passing of the Kyoto Treaty there is now a glut of climate
change stories in the news and this issue will be filled with many of
those links. Stories with such attention grabbing titles as ;"A
Glimpse of Hell", "Global Warming is Real"and "Food Scarcity
Predicted" are just the tip of the iceberg. With those stories in
mind, after stocking up on shotgun shells and bottled water, I
remembered the words to a song by Bob Seger and I think you will
agree that the lyrics to that song are sort of prescient in regard to
this issue.

In Your Time
By Bob Seger

In your time the innocence will fall away
In your time the mission bells will toll
All along the corridors and riverbeds
They'll be signs.....In your time

Towering waves will crash across your  southern capes
massive storms will reach your eastern shores
Fields of green will tumble through your summer days,
by design, In your time

Feel the wind and set yourself the bolder course
Keep your heart as open as a shrine
You'll sail the perfect line

and after all the dead ends and the lessons learned
after all the stars have turned to stone
There'll be peace,..... across the great unbroken void
all benign.......in your time
You'll be fine,.... in your time.



********************************************************************************



Here is the article by guest writer Eric Kreig:

Pseudo-Science claims about Hydrogen

By Eric the skeptic



For every real area of science is a whole underworld of falsehood.
Particularly with cutting edge science and particularly on the internet, one
can find a wealth of exciting – yet WRONG claims.  Such
misinformation is
spawned by a triumvirate of self-taught idiots, wide-eyed lunatics and by
con men.

       For any advocate of a hydrogen future comes the unfortunate public
service responsibility of debunking myths about hydrogen.  One of the most
pernicious hydrogen urban legends is that of "Browns Gas". Don't snicker. It
is only a stoichemetrc ratio of hydrogen and oxygen – it was known
of long
before a nut named Yull Brown claimed to invent it.  I provide a web page on
information and misinformation on the subject at

HYPERLINK "http://www.phact.org/e/bgas.htm"www.phact.org/e/bgas.htm

For sake of space a quick summary of false claims about it include:

*        It can heal sickness.

*        It can render radioactive materials safe.

*        You can get more energy out of burning it than it takes to
separate it.

*        It implodes rather than explodes and is perfectly safe.

*        You can safely pressurize it.


********************************************************************************\
**********




Water Based Transistors
By Mike Johnston
Copyright 2005



      A few issues back I looked at how you could create water based
electronic components. In that story I mentioned that I hadn't been
able to figure out how to build a water based tansistor. Now I have.
Not exactly what I thought one would look like and perhaps not
exactly what it is but I think calling it a transistor is a
reasonably good description of it's form and function (click here for
a description of how transistors work:
http://www.amasci.com/amateur/transis.html ) In essence a transistor
allows a small electrical current to control a large current. In the
case of the concept that I am going to lay out for you here you could
think of it as a small electrical current controlling a large
electrochemical current. Remember that the larger the current in an
electrolysis cell the more H2 that is produced.

    In this water based transistor one of the main components will be an
electrical plasma. So first off let's get a simple definition of a
plasma; "A plasma is a gas in which an important fraction of the atoms
is ionized, so that the electrons and ions are separately free."  This
ionization occurs when enough energy is present in the form of heat or
electrical energy. You could say then that, in this respect, a
container of water with electrolyte in it resembles a low energy,
liquid state plasma since the atoms of electrolyte in the water are
separated into ions.Interestingly enough the behavior of semiconducors
is explained as Solid State Plasma. Some examples of plasmas are; the
Solar Wind, the Earth's own Plasmasphere, Fluorescent Lights and
welding arcs. For information on various types of plasmas go to:
http://www.plasmas.org/basics.htm
Plasma illustration: http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/plasma_d.gif

    For the sake of simplicity here I am going to condense things as much
as I can. If you would like more in depth information on some of the
things that I am going to mention I would suggest that you download the
MIT course on Plasma (it is free to download) from: (
http://ocw.mit.edu/index.html ). MIT is doing some interesting work
with plasmas in relation to hot fusion reactors. When a plasma is
created between two metallic conductors via an electrical arc structres
can form within the arc which are called plasma tubes. These tubes are
created due to the way that the electrons and ions in the plasma
interact with and are moved by the electromagnetic fields within the
plasma. In the following illustrations you can see how charged
particles move in a plasma and how they form "tubes".

Figure 1: In this illustration you see particles forming their looping,
vortex paths. http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/Figure1.bmp

Figure 2: In this drawing you see the looping orbit of charged particles
forming a tube around a magnetic field.
http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/Figure2.bmp

Figure 3: In this drawing you are introduced to Charge Separation within
the plasma tubes. http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/Figures3.bmp


    Charge Separation is very interesting for the purpose of this paper.
What happens is that the oppositely charged particles within a plasma
tend to move to opposite sides of the plasma tube creating a positively
charged side and a negatively charged side. Remember that this is true
even though the overall plasma itself is still electrically neutral
because there are an equal number of positively and negatively charged
particles involved. In the next illustration you see two metal
electrodes with an electrical arc between them. Note that the charged
particles in this plasma arc are separated to opposite sides of the
plasma.

Figure 4 http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/Figure4.bmp

      If we were to create this electrical under water, or under water that
contains an electrolyte an interesting potential seems to present
itself.

Figure 5 http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/Figure5.bmp

     The positive and negative ions in the water should be expected to be
attracted to the side of the plasma tube which is charged oppositely
to thier own charge.

Figure 6 http://www.geocities.com/mj_17870/Figure6.bmp

    In this last illustration we see that, once the oppositely charged ions
are attracted to the sides of the plasma tube the potential exists for
a transfer of electrons to take place across the plasma itself. The
result would be that H2 gas would be formed on one side of the plasma
and O2 gas on the other side. Why is this important?

      The result should be that, if we limit the current in the metal
portion of the circuit,through the electrodes, that a plasma will
still be formed with less energy consumed and that a second
electrochemical current will be able to flow across the plasma. This
second current could potentially be much larger than the electrical
current which is being used to form the plasma. It would also allow
more H2 to be produced overall than would be predicted based on the
current through the electrodes and this has been noted by researchers
who are trying to produce H2 with a plasma arc. I believe this
"plasma transistor"model explains the source of that "excess" H2
within the realm of accepted science.




----------Advertisement---------------------------------------------------------\
---------
E! Magazine is your source for cutting edge environmental news.
https://www.kable.com/pub/enmg/subTrial.asp?src=QSA136
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\
-----------------


Hydrogen News Links:


(1) Viva Hydrogen! Honda Leases Fuel Cell Vehicles to Las Vegas
      http://www.aiada.org/article.asp?id=32637
      Honda is leasing a couple of their FCX hydrogen-powered vehicles to
the City of Las Vegas, for $500 a month each. Las Vegas is going to
have negligible fuel costs,
      as they’ll be refilling them at city-owned hydrogen "pumps".

(2) National Security to Lead Renewable Energy Deployment
      http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/010305_energy_deployment.shtml
      In other words, the energy problem is so critical at this moment that
we must start using what we've got now, whether it's perfected or
not: whether it is sustainable
      or not. If we don't, then we lose everything anyway. At least this
will start buying us a little time.

(3) Cities Eye Ocean Waves for Power Supplies
      http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/nm/20050213/bs_nm/bizwaves_dc_1
      Since ancient times poets have revered the power of the seas. Now
energy companies and coastal cities like New York and San Francisco
are aiming to tap ocean
      waves and tidal currents as abundant sources of electricity.

(4) Nanotubes crank out hydrogen:
     
http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2005/020905/Nanotubes_crank_out_hydrogen_Brief_020\
905.html
      Researchers from Pennsylvania State University have constructed a
material made from titanium dioxide nanotubes that is 97 percent
efficient at harvesting the
      ultraviolet portion of the sun's light and 6.8 percent efficient at
extracting hydrogen from water.

(5) Hydrogen fuel pioneer recalls the early days
      http://www.lamonitor.com/articles/2005/02/15/headline_news/news03.txt
      Hydrogen is one of those elusive halfway answers to the world's
future fuel needs. Despite a lot of work that has already been done,
hydrogen may always have to
      be qualified by the eternally romantic, ever-beckoning adjective -
"promising."

(6) Pennsylvania hands out grants to develop alternate fuels
      http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/stories/2005/02/14/daily6.html
      Pennsylvania environmental officials on Monday awarded more than $1
million in alternative fuel grants to help fund the purchase of
hybrid vehicles and develop a
      hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

(7) Help Save the Planet
      http://www.grist.org/comments/soapbox/2005/02/16/gelbspan/
      What on earth is a person supposed to do? History and nature are on a
collision course. And we are trapped at ground zero. As the signals
from the climate
      become excruciatingly urgent, the Bush administration turns its back
on the challenge, the U.S. press remains in denial, and the
environmental establishment
      agonizes over its own relevance. All the while, we are, as the
British paper The Independent put it, sleepwalking into the
Apocalypse.

(8) Now for the Bad News: Spring is Early!
      http://solutions.synearth.net/2005/02/16
      It is now mid-February, and already I have sown 11 species of
vegetable....

(9) Micro Scooter : THIS SCOOTER'S NO POLLUTER
     
http://scooternewsii.blogspot.com/2005/02/micro-scooter-this-scooters-no.html
      Enter the Aqwon, the first hydrogen-powered scooter to meet Germany's
stringent regulatory standards. The Aqwon scooter can hit 30 m.p.h.
with its two-stroke
      engine, but the biggest challenge was building a fuel tank that could
safely store the hydrogen. In case of accident or fire, the Aqwon's
tank simply freezes. If only
      the Hindenburg had had one of those.

(10) Hydrogen And Wind Power Comparison Websites
       
http://alt-energy.blogspot.com/2005/02/hydrogen-and-wind-power-comparison.html
        Even though we're experts choosing the most appropriate hydrogen
and wind power comparison and alternative energy clothing domains
can be ... more ...

(11) Budget backs coal, hydrogen, nuclear
       
http://article.wn.com/link/WNAT4281D18F96C544E3441835A00ECF1067?source=templateg\
enerator&template=hydrogenguide/headlines.txt

(12) Hydrogen fuel cell project at Princeton farm called world's first
        http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage2050.html
        Manure to H2

(13) Bush touts hydrogen power at future station
       
http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/florida/sfl-fbush19feb19,0,6553848.story?\
coll=sfla-news-florida

(14) Hawaiian Climate Changing
        http://pesn.com/2005/02/16/6900063_Hawiian_Climate_Changing/
        Island inhabitant recounts recent unprecedented pace of storms.
Says Bush needs to rethink his response to Global Warming and take
it more seriously.

(15) Canadian alternative energy companies see opportunity in Kyoto agreement
       
http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/cpress/20050213/ca_pr_on_bu/kyoto_oppor\
tunities_1
        As the Kyoto treaty on greenhouse gas emissions comes into effect
this week, Canadian alternative energy companies are seeing green
of a different kind.

(16) Experts: Global Warming Is Real
        http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,66651,00.html
        Studies that measure ocean temperature rather than air temperature
are more accurate in determining whether the climate is changing,
scientists say. And the
        newest studies conclude that the planet is warming up, and people
are to blame for it.

(17) King tide pummels Kiribati
        http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/news/details?item_id=738870
        Less than a week before the Kyoto Protocol enters into force, the
tiny island nation of Kiribati is ravished by a 'king tide' -- an
example of the kind of sea-level rise
        we can expect to see more of as global temperatures increase.

(18) Kyoto Protocol becomes law
        http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/news/details?item_id=744874
        Greenpeace activists, supporters, and volunteers around the world
celebrated the coming into force of the Kyoto Protocol with
banners, windmills, actions against
        dirty power, and a shutdown of trading on the International
Petroleum Exchange in London. After more than ten years of
protracted - sometimes exhausting, often
        frustrating - negotiations, thirty-five industrialised countries
along with the European Community are now legally bound to reduce
or limit their greenhouse gas
        emissions.

(19) Global warming may kill off polar bears
       
http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&click_id=143&art_id=qw110707309025B214
        Many Arctic animals, including polar bears and some seal species,
could be extinct within 20 years...

(20) China fears Everest is shrinking
        http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-01/31/content_413755.htm
        China is to re-measure the world's tallest peak, Mount Everest,
because of fears it may be shrinking....

(21) Melting ice lets ship set record
       
http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,12111454%255E401,0\
0.html
        THE New Zealand crew of a polar research ship say it has ventured
further south than any other ship...

(22) Horrors of Global Warming Highlighted
        http://www.islam-online.net/English/News/2005-02/03/article08.shtml
        The study pulls together for the first time the projected impacts
on ecosystems and wildlife, food... Islam Online

(23) Food Scarcity Predicted With Rising Temps
        http://www.twincities.com/mld/twincities/news/breaking_news/10809153.htm
        The combination of rising temperatures and falling water tables is
likely to lead to a tightening...

(24) Climate changes pose new challenges to coastal cities
       
http://www.heralddemocrat.com/articles/2005/02/10/texas_news/iq_1742280.txt
        Coastal cities like Houston and London have instituted a variety of
initiatives to reduce problems...

(25) Global Warming Bill Means Thousands of New Jobs
        http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/0210-09.htm
        Major global warming legislation would add more than 800,000 new
jobs in America by 2025

(26) NASA says 2005 may be warmest year yet
        http://abc.net.au/science/news/scitech/SciTechRepublish_1300451.htm
        A weak El Nino and human-made greenhouse gases could make 2005 the
warmest year since records have been kept.

(27) Rise in sea level threatens leading bird reserve
        http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/environment/story.jsp?story=610281
        It is Britain's most spectacular bird reserve, with more breeding
species than any other.

(28) Great Barrier Reef 'dead in 20 years'
       
http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0700world/tm_objectid=15182794&method=fu\
ll&siteid=50082&headline=great-barrier-reef----dead-in-20-years--name_page.html
        In less that 20 years, rising sea temperatures caused by global
warming could kill Australia's Great Barrier Reef

(29) Climate change: Workshop ponders how to get people to care
       
http://www.communitypapers.com/DAILYCOURIER/myarticles.asp?P=1079914&S=400&PubID\
=13720
        Getting the average person to care about global climate change is a
hard sell, a psychology expert...

(30) A glimpse of hell
       
http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=31&art_id=qw110820420172B216
        Whether it unfolds quickly by fire or slowly through global
warming, the future of this forested...

(31) It's much too late to sweat global warming, Time to prepare for
inevitable effects of our ill-fated future
       
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/02/13/INGP4B7GC91.DTL
        At the core of the global warming dilemma is a fact neither side of
the debate likes to talk about:...

(32) Villagers unaware of climate changes
        http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=16386
        They said it (the climate changes) was the work of God which hit
them," Mr Areki said.

(33) Global warming hitting home in Auckland
        http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/SC0502/S00045.htm
        Global warming is starting to affect the lifestyle of Aucklanders.
The problems the Huntly power... Scoop.co.nz

(34) Melting glaciers indicate a warmer world to come
        http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/edit/archives/2005/02/14/2003223048
        Up and down the icy spine of South America, the glaciers are
melting, the white mantle of the Andes... Taipei Times

(35) Earth Gets A Warm Feeling All Over
        http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/02/050212195102.htm
        Last year was the fourth warmest year on average for our planet
since the late 1800s, according to NASA scientists.

(36) Global Warming Could Worsen U.S. Pollution
       
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20050219/sc_nm/environment_wa\
rming_dc
        Global warming could stifle cleansing summer winds across parts of
the northern United States over the next 50 years and worsen air
pollution, U.S. researchers said
        on Saturday.

(37) Ocean, Arctic Studies Show Global Warming Is Real
       
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20050217/sc_nm/environment_cl\
imate_dc
        A parcel of studies looking at the oceans and melting Arctic ice
leave no room for doubt that it is getting warmer, people are to
blame, and the weather is going to
        suffer, climate experts said on Thursday.

(38) Unfolding Story of Warming Planet
       
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20050216/ap_on_sc/kyoto_proto\
col_chronology
        Key dates in the story of climate change

(39) It's a Warmer World, But Does That Mean Armageddon?
       
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20050214/sc_nm/environment_wa\
rming_dc
        When bears wake early from hibernation, Australia suffers its worst
drought in 100 years and multiple hurricanes hammer Florida should
we believe The End is nigh?

(40) Global warming may dry out Taiwan by 2035
        http://english.www.gov.tw/index.jsp?id=13&recid=103656&viewdate=0
        Taiwan will suffer from severe water and electricity shortages by
2035 because of global warming,... Taiwan Headlines


Notice: For information on advertising rates or to make suggestions email
me at: enki@...  All original material in this newsletter is
assumed to be
            copyrighted by the source from which it originates. My stories
are also copyrighted from the date they are published.

I have designed a Perpetual Motor with perm. magnets. Very simple
and stable. Full detail FREE to anyone interested. Thanx Jan P. Cack

Dear Readers,

    I have decided to quit putting out the Hydrogen News as it has been.
Instead I am switching to a strictly Blog oriented format with an RSS
and Atom newsfeed. If anyone is interested in the latest hydrogen
energy news I would ask you to monitor my blog.

Blog Address: http://www.h2opower.blogspot.com

Atom feed: http://www.h2opower.blogspot.com/atom.xml

RSS Feed: http://www.tblog.com/rss.php?bid=enki

Thank you all for your loyal readership and your many kind comments.

Sincerely,

Mike Johnston

Hello,

I am highly interested in trying to tap into an use solar ambient heat
that exists all around us.  I am a new member of this group and see
that it has appeared to have stopped.  No members post anymore.  If any
original member reads this post, would you please email me back
directly.  Is there any new websites or groups related to solar ambient
heat?  Is there any persons out there who have successfully put
together a working model utilizing this technology?

Thank you,
Jesse of Maryland

Dear Ambient Energy Enthusiasts:

I think the Kelvin-Planck statement can be broken.

To begin, go to:

www.geocities.com/sonoluminescence2005/Kelvin_Planck.doc

or generally,  www.geocities.com/sonoluminescence2005

I backed into the possibility of breaking the second law from
sonoluminescence when I realized there were no high temperatures and
therefore the light was being produced at ambient temperature. See
the abstract and appendix in:

  www.geocities.com/sonoluminescence2004/SLrev4.PDF

  I now believe the QED cavity does indeed avoid the Kelvin-Planck
statement and you can produce light at ambient temperatue, although
not as efficiently as during ultrasound where the temperature is
recovered every cycle.

I am looking for comments, as the implications are enormous.

Sincerely,

Hello fellow researchers,

A very kind, and caring gentleman owns the website
http://www.aircaraccess.com.  This site talks about air car inventors
of the past and present.  It speaks of past inventors who have
discovered ways to tap into the ambient heat, which is present in the
air around us, and use it as an energy source.  The sun heats the
air.  Former inventors such as Lee/Leroy Rogers, Bill Truitt, George
Heaton, and Bob Neal are just a few of them.  This is perhaps one of
the most readily available energy sources here on earth.  It is also
perhaps the most overlooked source of energy because of its sheer
simplicity.  It absolutely fascinates me.  There are no fluids
involved in this concept, just air.

The biggest problem is trying to develop a way, which accomplishes
what these past inventors have done.  If I knew how to do this, I
would have all ready shared it with the world.  Lee Rogers filed a
patent back in 1982, where he explains that he took an older vehicle
with a carburetor and converted it to run on compressed air.  It has
been said that his air tanks were always near full.  Go to the US
Patent Office website at www.uspto.gov and do a search for his patent
# 4,292,804.  It was filed on October 6, 1981.  In the patent Lee
doesn't mention key information, which would need to be known in
order to replicate his design successfully.

For anyone that is interested visit: http://www.aircaraccess.com and
click on Neal Tank and Solar Air to learn more about this concept.


Thank you for your time,
Jesse of USA


Other links of interest:
- http://www.keelynet.com/interact/arc_1_99-4_99/00000437.htm - Lee
Rogers Air Powered Engine message board
- http://www.keelynet.com/energy/airmotor.htm - Lee Rogers Airmot
10/27/95
- February 2003, mentions Rogers http://www.eagle-
research.com/newsletter/archive/2003/2003_02.html
- August 2003 - http://www.eagle-
research.com/newsletter/archive/2003/2003_08.html

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I need to know what part of a permanent magnetic fiels is thermal so I
can study it from the standpoint of thermal dynamics.

Please Help

Mark Peters

If there is no equasion then the magnetic field is not subject to the
laws of thermal dynamics.

Mark

I am new to this group. My background is designing automated
manufacturing equipment, worked as an instrument technician for the
Safeguard Missile sites, and worked in R&D as a engineering tech for a
solar panel start-up company (which I later found was owned by a major
oil company).

I witnessed a local transmission repair business in El Paso, TX build
a prototype car and test it at the shopping center near me in the
early 70's. It converted energy from braking (electric generator) into
stored power (battery) that was recycled when accelerating (via
motor). It may have been the first practical hybrid car.

My experiences have convinced me that if there is to be an alternative
to petroleum, it is going to have to come from amateurs such as us.

What will be required (in MHO) is the equivalent of the drinking bird
novelty that actually does something useful; perhaps pumping water.

My focus is on low temperature conversion of solar power, since it is
the ONLY non-polluting source

Love to hear from other members.
Bill

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Hello,
  A little while back I had an idea and want to share it. Please feel
free to e-mail me your thoughts and opinions. I have not made any
pics yet so I hope I can adequetly describe this concept for you.
  If you had 2 very large diameter wheels, side by side, with enough
distance between them to suspend a carriage big enough to carry 1
person. Consider these "wheels" to be spokeless, without a center of
any kind, and a smooth rim for "guided rollers". The "carriage
assembly" would be "free spinning" on the rims with multiple roller
assemblys. This will provide the least obstructions and easily
enable a low center of gravity for stability. In a neutral state the
weight of the carriage would "balance" itself on the inside of the
wheels.
  Incorperated into the carriage would be a "flywheel" of ample
size/weight. this flywheel could be "powered" by many different
sources but, for simplicity, consider human/pedal power. This
flywheel would be orientated the same direction as the wheels,
spinning at a very high rpm. I believe the "torque" created by the
flywheel would be enough to "shift" your center of gravity. If the
weight is shifted foward this would force the "vehicle" to roll
foward. This seems like a pretty effecient form of "inertial
propulsion".
  That is the basic concept in its simpliest form. I have been
thinking beyond this and wondered if you manually pivot the flywheel
on its axis, as it's spinning, will this create a "pivot" reaction
on the vehicle for a controlled turn? I also thought if you use 2
flywheels and could build/buy a "syncro-mesh, variable speed,
counter-rotating gearbox assembly", something that could "transfer"
torque/rpm's from one flywheel to the other this may provide for a
controlled forward/reverse reaction.
  I cannot imagine this form, or variable, to be any more than a
whimsical toy. Maybe someone else can realize more potential in
this, it just came to me and seemed kinda cool and interesting.
Looking forward to your responses.
  Jan P. Cack

Hello Jan,

sorry I don't see why your idea should work. I don't see:
"torque" created by the flywheel would be enough to "shift" your
center of gravity"
ADD A DRAWING to your description, otherwise nobody will understand
it.

Hubert Stierhof

--- In AMBIENTENERGY@yahoogroups.com, "jan_p_cack" <jan_p_cack@y...>
wrote:
>
> Hello,
>  A little while back I had an idea and want to share it. Please
feel
> free to e-mail me your thoughts and opinions. I have not made any
> pics yet so I hope I can adequetly describe this concept for you.
>  If you had 2 very large diameter wheels, side by side, with
enough
> distance between them to suspend a carriage big enough to carry 1
> person. Consider these "wheels" to be spokeless, without a center
of
> any kind, and a smooth rim for "guided rollers". The "carriage
> assembly" would be "free spinning" on the rims with multiple
roller
> assemblys. This will provide the least obstructions and easily
> enable a low center of gravity for stability. In a neutral state
the
> weight of the carriage would "balance" itself on the inside of the
> wheels.
>  Incorperated into the carriage would be a "flywheel" of ample
> size/weight. this flywheel could be "powered" by many different
> sources but, for simplicity, consider human/pedal power. This
> flywheel would be orientated the same direction as the wheels,
> spinning at a very high rpm. I believe the "torque" created by the
> flywheel would be enough to "shift" your center of gravity. If the
> weight is shifted foward this would force the "vehicle" to roll
> foward. This seems like a pretty effecient form of "inertial
> propulsion".
>  That is the basic concept in its simpliest form. I have been
> thinking beyond this and wondered if you manually pivot the
flywheel
> on its axis, as it's spinning, will this create a "pivot" reaction
> on the vehicle for a controlled turn? I also thought if you use 2
> flywheels and could build/buy a "syncro-mesh, variable speed,
> counter-rotating gearbox assembly", something that
could "transfer"
> torque/rpm's from one flywheel to the other this may provide for a
> controlled forward/reverse reaction.
>  I cannot imagine this form, or variable, to be any more than a
> whimsical toy. Maybe someone else can realize more potential in
> this, it just came to me and seemed kinda cool and interesting.
> Looking forward to your responses.
>  Jan P. Cack
>

Damn, it has sure been a while... I just realized today that it's been 18 months
since I went out with a special lady last, but I'm pretty happy to be heading
out tonight. I've had a bit of trouble finding ANY decent women lately so I
joined up at this place a couple of weeks ago http://www.lookieherenow.info/sgxb
. And so far been doing pretty well, just chatting to a few girls near me on
Webcam and via the mail system on the place, but this is the first one I've
lined up. So anyway, wish me luck guys!!

Well even if you're not looking for love, and just a bit of fun thought I'd give
you all this tip. So you can stay away from all the BS fake profiles places.
This is what I've been using http://www.onlinebarandchatroom.info/mnri . No
joke, I've messaged about 5 women       close to me and already 3 have
responded, and I am already organising to meet up with one. Not bad for a guy
who hasn't had a date in a while, lol! :)

Just thought I should pass on my knowledge to all you guys (and gals) on here. I
know just like heaps of other men I am pretty shy when it comes to going up to
someone. I've tried a few different places (clubs, bars, etc) but never seem to
have too much luck. Anyway, a few weeks ago I joined up to
http://www.millionsofonlineprofiles.info/oaia and I have to say I am already
getting excited. I was beginning to think I'd   end up being alone for ever, but
already been talking to a few interested ladies on there. Anyway, if you're like
me it comes highly recommended!

Just thought I should pass on my knowledge to all you guys (and gals) on here. I
know just like heaps of other men I am pretty shy when it comes to going up to
someone. I've tried a few different places (clubs, bars, etc) but never seem to
have too much luck. Anyway, a few weeks ago I joined up to
http://www.hookupatthisplace.info/alyp and I have to say I am already getting
excited. I        was beginning to      think I'd end up being alone for ever,
but already been talking to a few interested ladies on there. Anyway, if you're
like me it comes highly recommended!