I am convinced more than ever that the hundreds of peer review
scientists are siging onto the bogus GW craze for the money. The few of
us in the US that can see through most of the BS are not being funded at
all. So who is right? The ones with the money or the ones that have
none???
You want some Peer review science? Here is some peer review science:
Cooling of Atmosphere Due to CO2 Emission
G. V. CHILINGAR,1 L. F. KHILYUK,1, and O. G. SOROKHTIN2
1Rudolf W. Gunnerman Energy and Environment Laboratory, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
2Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Address correspondence to George Chilingar, Russian Academy of Natural
Sciences, USA Branch, 101 S. Windsor Blvd., Los Angeles, California
90004.
E-mail: gchil...@...
Abstract
The writers investigated the effect of CO2 emission on the temperature
of
atmosphere. Computations based on the adiabatic theory of greenhouse
effect
show that increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere results in
cooling
rather than warming of the Earth's atmosphere.
Keywords adiabatic theory, CO2 emission, global cooling, global warming
Introduction
Traditional anthropogenic theory of currently observed global warming
states
that release of carbon dioxide into atmosphere (partially as a result of
utilization of fossil fuels) leads to an increase in atmospheric
temperature
because the molecules of CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) absorb the
infrared radiation from the Earth's surface. This statement is based on
the
Arrhenius hypothesis, which was never verified (Arrhenius, 1896). The
proponents of this theory take into consideration only one component of
heat
transfer in atmosphere, i.e., radiation. Yet, in the dense Earth's
troposphere with the pressure pa > 0:2 atm, the heat from the Earth's
surface is mostly transferred by convection
(Sorokhtin, 2001a). According to our estimates, convection accounts for
67%,
water vapor condensation in troposphere accounts for 25%, and radiation
accounts for about 8% of the total heat transfer from the Earth's
surface to
troposphere. Thus, convection is the dominant process of heat transfer
in
troposphere, and all the theories of Earth's atmospheric heating (or
cooling) first of all must consider this process of heat (energy)-mass
redistribution in atmosphere (Sorokhtin, 2001a, 2001b; Khilyuk and
Chilingar, 2003, 2004).
When the temperature of a given mass of air increases, it expands,
becomes
lighter, and rises. In turn, the denser cooler air of upper layers of
troposphere descends and replaces the warmer air of lower layers. This
physical system (multiple cells of air convection) acts in the Earth's
troposphere like a continuous surface cooler. The cooling effect by air
convection can surpass considerably the warming effect of radiation.
The most important conclusion from this observation is that the
temperature
distribution in the troposphere has to be close to adiabatic because the
air
mass expands and cools while rising and compresses and heats while
dropping.
This does not necessarily imply that at any particular instant
distribution
of temperature has to be adiabatic. One should consider some averaged
distribution over the time intervals of an order of months.
Key Points of the Adiabatic Theory of Greenhouse Effect
By definition, the greenhouse effect is the difference T between the
average
temperature of planet surface Ts and its effective temperature Te (which
is
determined by the solar radiation and the Earth's albedo): [much
snippage of equations, graphs and text]
Figure 1. Relationship between the temperature and elevation above sea
level
for (1) existing nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere on Earth, and (2)
hypothetical
carbon dioxide atmosphere.
Figure 2. Relationship between temperature and elevation above Venus
surface
for (1) existing carbon dioxide atmosphere, and (2) hypothetical
nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere.
The averaged temperature distributions for the existing carbon dioxide
and
hypothetical
nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere on Venus are shown in Figure 2.
Conclusions
During the latest three millennia, one can observe a clear cooling trend
in
the Earth's climate (Keigwin, 1996; Sorokhtin and Ushakov, 2002;
Gerhard,
2004; Khiyuk and Chilingar, 2006; Sorokhtin et al., 2007). During this
period, deviations of the global temperature from this trend reached up
to
3iC with a clear trend of decreasing global temperature by about 2iC.
Relatively short-term variations in global temperature are mainly caused
by
the variations in solar activity and are not linked to the changes in
carbon
dioxide content in atmosphere.
Accumulation of large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads
to
the cooling, and not to warming of climate, as the proponents of
traditional
anthropogenic global warming theory believe (Aeschbach-Hertig, 2006).
This
conclusion has a simple physical explanation: when the infrared
radiation is
absorbed by the molecules of greenhouse gases, its energy is transformed
into thermal expansion of air, which causes convective fluxes of air
masses
restoring the adiabatic distribution of temperature in the troposphere.
Our
estimates show that release of small amounts of carbon dioxide (several
hundreds ppm), which are typical for the scope of anthropogenic
emission,
does not influence the global temperature of Earth's atmosphere.
References
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