CHEMTRAILS - CONTRAILS
DROUGHT INDUCEMENT
Clifford E Carnicom
Apr 02 2002

Recent analysis leads to the conclusion that the extensive and systematic
aerosol operations that are being conducted without informed consent are
aggravating, if not instigating, the elevated drought conditions that are now
commonly being observed.

The current discussion centers upon the heat aspects of the atmosphere, which
are currently under investigation. This paper will be presented in two sections:
an initial general and conceptual statement of the problem and findings, to be
followed by a more detailed presentation based upon certain fundamentals of
physics, chemistry and mathematics.

In regard to the preliminary discussion, it is necessary to introduce the
physical term known as the "specific heat" of a substance. Here is the
definition of the specific heat:

The specific heat is the amount of heat required to flow into a substance to
produce a one degree rise in temperature.

Comprehension of this definition is helpful to understand the basis of the
discussion which follows. Tabulations of specific heats of the elements and
various compounds are readily available within reference books. Even more
importantly, it is necessary to recognize the practical application of this
definition through the following additional statements:

A substance with a high specific heat requires more heat energy to raise its
temperature a given amount than one with a low specific heat. Similarly, and
conversely, and in particular related to the current discussion, a substance
with a lower specific heat will raise higher in temperature with a given amount
of heat than a substance with a higher specific heat. This importance of this
latter fact will hopefully become apparent to the reader in due course.

The general and conceptual question that arises is this: Given that the air of
the earth has a specific heat value, what would be the projected heat effect of
introducing metallic particulate aerosols into that atmosphere? And
specifically, what would be the projected effect of introducing particulate
forms of aluminum, barium, magnesium, titanium and calcium? This itemized list
of elemental contributions is of special interest because of both historical and
recent investigations that confirm their unexpected presence in our atmosphere
in direct association with the advent of the aircraft aerosol operations.

It can be stated that the introduction of the majority of these five elements
will have the net effect of increasing the temperature of the atmosphere of this
planet. This is a consequence of the specific heat values of the elements under
primary consideration. This finding is potentially of the greatest consequence
to both the life and welfare of this planet. It is reasonable to conclude that
this finding may reveal a direction connection with, or impact upon, the rising
prevalence of observed drought conditions. It is hoped that the citizens of this
nation and the planet in general will organize to the level of confronting
directly the ramifications of the aerosol operations which remain in progress,
and to continue to force full disclosure and accountability.

Additional Notes:

Research in the near future will be focused upon the the continued quantitative
assessment of physical impact upon the atmosphere and ecosphere. The results
presented here are an entirely separate and distinct issue from the moisture
absorption or collection properties of the aerosols, as are also commonly
observed. Specific heat properties of substances are intrinsic to the nature of
the elements themselves. Corrections or modifications to this page will be made
as is appropriate.



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Expanded discussion:

The specific heat of a substance (c) is defined as c = dQ/(dT*m), where Q is the
amount of heat entering a mass (m) of substance, and the consequent rise in
temperature is dT. The SI units of specific heat are kJ / (kg * K) where J
refers to joules, kg is kilograms, and K is degrees Kelvin.

The specific heat of air can be taken as 1.003kJ/(kg * K) with little variation
amongst the considered pressures or temperatures. This means that approximately
1003 joules of energy are required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of air
by one degree Kelvin (or Celsius). For the sake of comparison to more commonly
encountered forms of energy and power, a watt is equal to one joule per second.

The above definition can also be manipulated into the form : dT = dQ / (m * c).
From this expression, we can see that given a fixed amount of heat flow (dQ), a
decreased value for the specific heat (c) will result in a greater rise in
temperature (dT). This is especially relevant to the current topic, as the
majority of the aerosols under consideration all have a specific heat value less
than that of air.

Our interest in evaluating the effect of aerosol introduction upon subsequent
increases or decreases in atmospheric temperature lead us to consider the
specific heat of a mixture. That is, we must consider the effects of multiple
ingredients within a substance, and their effect upon the heat transfer
properties of that substance.

The specific heat of a mixture is given by:

cp = sum (mfi * cpi)

where mfi is the mass fraction of the ith component, or contribution to the
total. This is defined as:

mfi = mi / m

where mi is the mass of the ith component, and m is the total mass of the
mixture.

cpi is the specific heat of the ith component of the mixture, and cp is the
specific heat of the mixture.

Let us first consider the specific heat of air alone, which is well established
within the references, and which herein a value of 1.003 kJ/ (kg * K) has been
assumed. In this presentation, the specific heat of air will be designated as
c(a).

Now let us consider an added ingredient to this gas, or air. In particular, this
will be an aerosol of a particular element. We will designate the mass of this
introduced element as m(e) and the specific heat of this element as c(e). From
the definition of the specific heat of a mixture given earlier, we may now write
the specific heat of the air combined with the introduced aerosol as:

cp = (m(a) / (m(a) + m(e))) * c(a) + (m(e) / (m(a) + m(e))) * c(e)


What now becomes of interest to us is the ratio of cp to c(a), i.e, the ratio of
the specific heat of the combined mixture (air + aerosol) to the specific heat
of air itself (cp / c(a)). If this ratio is less than one, it means that the
introduction of the aerosol (or element or compound) will cause a greater rise
of temperature in the modified atmosphere for a given amount of heat (sunlight)
into the system.

Let us now form this ratio:

cp / c(a) = ((m(a) / (m(a) + m(e))) * c(a) + (m(e) / (m(a) + m(e))) * c(e)) /
c(a)

or

cp / c(a) = (m(a)*c(a) + m(e)*c(e)) / (c(a) * (m(a) + m(e)))

Now our interest lies under what conditions this ratio is less than one, as that
will produce a net increase in temperature of the modified air for a given
amount of heat. If the ratio were to manifest as greater than one, then the
converse would be true. Let us examine the question of under what conditions the
ratio becomes less than one:

(m(a) * c(a) + m(e) * c(e)) / (c(a) * (m(a) + m(e)) < 1

or

m(a) * c(a) + m(e) * c(e) < m(a) * c(a) + m(e) * c(a)

or

m(e) * c(e) < m(e) * c(a)

or

c(e) < c(a)

This result is important for the following reason. This result reveals to us
that if we were to introduce an element into the atmosphere with a specific heat
less than that of air, it would have the net effect of raising the temperature
of the modified atmosphere for a given amount of heat (i.e., sun) input into the
system (i.e., ecosphere).

Of course, the question that now arises is, what is the specific heat of the
elements (as a minimum) that are under consideration? Here are the values for
these as well as a few others for us to consider:

Element or Compound
Specific Heat
kJ / (kg * K)


Air 1.003
Water 4.184
Ice 2.1
Aluminum 0.92
Barium 0.19
Titanium 0.52
Magnesium 1.02
Calcium 0.65


With regard to the elements under examination, we can see that with exception to
magnesium, each has a specific heat less than that of air. The current analysis
leads us to conclude that the introduction of each of the elements with a
specific heat less than that of air would have the effect of increasing the
temperature of the modified air for a given amount of heat. We also see, on the
contrary, that the introduction of water into the atmosphere, would have a
beneficial effect upon heat reduction due to the large value of specific heat.

These results portend significant consequences and ramifications upon the health
of this planet and its atmosphere. It is difficult to deny the projected and
current influence upon drought conditions for the earth as long as the aerosol
operations remain unchecked. It is reiterated that the citizens of this nation
and earth have the duty to force full accountability, disclosure and cessation
of the aircraft aerosol operations which remain in progress.

Authored at Angel Peak, New Mexico
Apr 02 2002

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