Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
October 1997, vol 2, no. 4

Links to the complete text of articles are at:
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

=======
Editorial (By Gordon Jenkins)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-ed.htm
=======

=======
Feature Articles
=======
* Electronic Commerce: A New Economic and Policy Area
(By Georges Ferné)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-08.htm

* Securing E-Commerce: A Systematic Approach
(By Anup K. Ghosh, Ph.D.)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-04.htm

* The Entry Barrier is Collapsing, But What Do We Do Next?
(By Jianmang Li)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-03.htm

* Study of Consumer Interest in Cheque Imaging
(By Madeleine Tausk and Carol Watson)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-26.htm

*Internet Banking in Australia
(By Dr. M. Sathye)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-27.htm


========
Special Section of Articles related to
UNCTAD Conference on Internet Security
========
*The UNCTAD Trade Efficiency Initiative Promotes the Development of
Electronic Cmmerce in China (By Jianzhong Lu)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-28.htm

*The United Nations Secure Infrastructure for Electonic Commerce
(By Carlos Moreira)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-02.htm

*Expert Meeting on Telecommunications
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-31.htm

*Survey Results
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-10.htm

*Press Release
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-15.htm

========
From Our Contributing Editors
========
*Over the Water: The View from the UK (By David G.W. Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-29.htm

*The Legal Report (By Rich Field)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-01.htm

*Innovations (By John Gehl and Suzanne Douglas)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-05.htm

*The View from Down Under (From Mary-Anne Goldsworthy)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-25.htm

*Hettinga's Best of the Month (From Robert Hettinga)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-06.htm

*To Push or Not to Push (By Miran Pecenik)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-09.htm

*Securing the Consumer (By Scott Smith)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-07.htm

========
Conference Notices
========

*Call for Participants, FC'98
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-21.htm

*Proceedings from FC'97
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-30.htm

========
Administrative Notices
========

End of TOC


******************************************************
Editorial

By Gordon Jenkins
Email: jenkins@...

We have been chosen by Carlos Moreira , Head of the United Nations
Tradepoint Development Centre (UNTPDC) of UNCTAD to be the Official
Publication of the United Nations Conference on Secure Infrastructure
for Electronic commerce , Oct 30th and 31st in Melbourne Australia.
We wish Carlos , a regular contributor , good luck on this timely
Conference.

We have a good cross section of articles both from a organizational,
regional and subject matter. For example there are excellent
articles from the OECD,
India and banking. More of all three will be added in
the future edition in January 98.

We have numerous new contributors as well as our regular contributors
-
most of whom have been with us since our first edition - almost two
years ago. To our regulars - a thank you. To our new contributors -
welcome. And to our readers- enjoy.

Gordon Jenkins
Editor


=========
Electronic Commerce: A New Economic and Policy Area
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-08.htm

By Georges Ferné
Email: Georges.FERNE@...

Georges Ferné has been with OECD since the late 1960s, working on
a number of science and technology related questions, including
Information Technology Development Policies, University/Industry
Research Policies, Social Sciences Policy, etc. His recent work has
addressed questions relating to the economics of the information
society, including standardisation in information and communications
technologies, case studies on the impacts of information technologies
on employment, and opportunities and challenges of electronic
commerce. He is currently involved in policy analysis of the systemic relations
between innovation and intellectual property rights at international
level. Georges Ferne is the Executive Secretary of the International
Council for Science Policy Studies (ICSPS), a body under the aegis of
ICSU.
* * * * * * *

The 'Sacher Report' ("Electronic Commerce: Opportunities and
Challenges for Government", OECD, Paris, 1997, ISBN 92-64-15512-0),
which the OECD has just published, assesses current developments in electronic
commerce and presents a new aspect of the issue by setting out
priorities for government action. Its originality is derived from the fact that
it expresses the point of view of senior executives from twenty major
international firms in retail distribution, banking and finance,
food, automobile, chemic als and multimedia, all leading users of
electronic commerce. The group, an ad hoc body chaired by John
Sacher, Executive Director of leading UK retailer Marks and Spencer, was invited
by the OECD to compile this independent report.

=======================
Securing E-Commerce: A Systematic Approach
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-04.htm

By Anup K. Ghosh, Ph.D.
Research Scientist, Reliable Software Technologies
www.rstcorp.com/~anup
aghosh@...

Anup K. Ghosh is a Research Scientist with Reliable Software
Technologies (http://www.rstcorp.com). His research focus is in
developing and applying software analysis techniques to problems in
computer security. Dr. Ghosh is a principal investigator on research
grants from DARPA and Rome Laboratory.

Dr. Ghosh is a noted speaker, consultant, and author on e-commerce
security. He has recently completed a book on E-Commerce Security to
be published by John Wiley & Sons in January 1998.
* * * *
Introduction

Electronic commerce, or simply e-commerce, is changing the way in
which banks and consumers interact and transact. E-commerce provides
consumers the ability to bank, invest, purchase, distribute,
communicate, explore, and research from virtually anywhere an Internet
connection can be obtained.

Given the explosive growth of the Internet, most e-commerce providers
are migrating from proprietary networks and dial-up servers to the
Internet in order to capture larger market shares. The World Wide
Web, or simply the Web, has become the vehicle of choice for
conducting commerce over the Internet because of the user-friendly and rich
multi-media interface provided by Web browsers.

======================
The entry barrier is collapsing, what to do next?
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-03.htm

By Jianmang Li
MBA, The Nijenrode University(the Netherlands Business School),
Breukelen,
The Netherlands
Email: J.Li@...

Jianmang Li studied theoretical physics in university when he was 13.
He had spend 13 years in nuclear energy research field. Last year he
went back to university for a MBA degree. Currently he is doing a
project in ABN-AMRO Bank for his MBA thesis. The subject of the project is
the strategic issues of Internet banking.
* * * * *
Michael E. Porter, the prominent figure in the business strategy
field, suggested that there are five competitive forces that tend to
drive down the profitability of an industry. One of these forces is the
threats of new entry. New entrants bring new capacities into the industry
which in turn drive down the profitability of the industry. In order to
protect their long term profitability, the industry incumbents have
to build up entry barriers. Without entry barriers, no industry can earn
sustainable high returns.

What is the current entry barrier of retail banking? Is it the
economies of scale? There is no enough evidence to support that large
banks enjoy cost advantages over small ones. Look at the annual reports of
three major Dutch banks ( ABN-AMRO: $300 billion balance sheet assets, ING
Bank: $150 billion and Rabobank: $160 billion), the major costs are
stuff costs which are the direct variable costs. The depreciation
charge of fixed assets, which is the major source of economies of
scale, is only around 7% of the total costs in all three banks. Is it the
product differentiation? The answer is no. Most of the products sold
in retail banking are as old as the industry. No much room is left to
differentiate those commodity type of products. Is it the government
regulation? Partly true, but that barrier had been lowered
considerable during 80s banking deregulation in all industrialized
countries. Is it the banking know-how? Partly true, however this barrier is not
very high. Is it the brand name? Yes, it is the only significant entry
barrier of retail banking.

=======================
Study of Consumer Interest in Cheque Imaging
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-26.htm

By Madeleine H. Tausk and Carol A. Watson
MHTAUSK@...
Carolw@...

Madeleine Tausk is employed at Bank of America, NT&SA in San
Francisco, California as Assistant Vice President / Project Manager.
Carol
Watson and Ms. Tausk are both candidates for Doctorate of Business
Administration at Golden Gate University in San Francisco,
California.

* * * *
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ISSUE:

The purpose of this research paper is to examine if there is market
demand from retail customers to view pictures of their paid checks
through alternative delivery mechanisms.

CONCLUSION:

Our research communicated that retail banking customers are
interested in receiving check photos through alternative delivery
mechanisms. They are willing to pay a fee of $2.00 or less for this service.

======================
Internet Banking in Australia
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-27.htm

By Dr. M. Sathye
URLwww.usq.au
Email sathye@...
Milind Sathye is Lecturer, Department of Banking and
Finance, University of Southern Queensland, 4350, Australia, and
formerly
Assistant Director
Commonwealth Treasury, Canberra Australia.

* * * *
After the release of the Wallis Inquiry into the Financial System in
Australia and its acceptance almost in full by the Commonwealth
Government, competition is now fierce in the banking industry in
Australia. One of the main areas of competition in the days ahead
will be Internet banking. Hence this article surveys the status of
Internet banking in Australia as it stands today and suggests ways for
Australian banks to forge ahead in this upcoming field.

===========================
Special Section of Articles related to
UNCTAD Conference on Internet Security

*The UNCTAD Trade Efficiency Initiative Promotes the Development of
Electronic Commerce in China (By Jianzhong Lu)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-28.htm


*The United Nations Secure Infrastructure for Electonic Commerce
(By Carlos Moreira)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-02.htm

*Expert Meeting on Telecommunications
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-31.htm

*Survey Results
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-10.htm
*Press Release
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-15.htm


========================
From Our Contributing Editors
========================

The Impact of E-Cash: More questions than answers
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-29.htm

By Dave Birch
Email:daveb@...
Hyperion http://www.hyperion.co.uk

We shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that the Net is going
to be lawless just because we dont fully understand it, but we do have
to be cognisant of the real changes it will bring. Electronic cash
(e-cash) brings this challenge into sharp focus. Its fair to say that
the whole subject of e-cash is still very new and therefore noone really
knows what impact it might have, but its also a topic that will receive
regulatory attention in the nottoodistant future so some reasonable
discussion of likely impact is appropriate. I dont detect any rush to
regulateregulators have a natural desire to want stability and to
prevent systemic problems, but recognise that premature regulation
might prevent valuable developments in a technology capable of
boosting trade and prosperitybut its time to begin the debate. As good a
framework as any would be to take the points raised by Stephen Kobrin, born of
a discussion about electronic money at the 1997 World Economic Forum in
Davos, and use them to delineate the discussion.

=====================
The Legal Report
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-01.htm

By Richard L. Field, Esq.
field@...

Mr. Field is a U.S. attorney specializing in payment systems and
electronic commerce. He chairs the Electronic Commerce Payment
Committee of the American Bar Association, Section of Science and
Technology, and is an Affiliated Research Fellow of the Institute for
Tele-Information at Columbia Business School. Mr. Field has served as
a U.S. delegate-adviser to the United Nations Commission on
InternationalTrade Law, Working Group on Electronic Commerce.

I prepared the following paper as an brief educational guide for the
U.S. National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Law,
Drafting Committee on Electronic Contracting. It categorizes and
distinguishes the various electronic signature technologies, and suggests that
legislators recognize these differences.

The Drafting Committee on Electronic Contracting has begun to
consider model state legislation in the U.S., with the goal of better
enabling the use of digital signatures and other electronic communications and
records, and of harmonizing the law. Its efforts have been endorsed
in the Clinton administration's recent White Paper report, "A
Framework for Global Electronic Commerce."

My thanks to Robert Jueneman of Novell for his technical assistance.

=====================
The Innovations Column
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-05.htm

By Contributing Editors John Gehl and Suzanne Douglas These items are
from Innovation, a NewScan Service, written by John Gehl
and Suzanne Douglas.

They report on trends, strategies, and innovations in business and
technology to give their readers an executive briefing on the future.
For free trial subscription send mail to innovation-trial@...
with the word "subscribe" in the Subject line.

========================
The View from Down Under
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-25.htm

By Mary-Anne Goldsworthy
Executive Officer
Centre for Electronic Commerce
Monash University Gippsland Campus
Churchill Victoria
AUSTRALIA 3842
Email: cec@...
Web Page: http://www-cec.buseco.monash.edu.au

Mary-Anne Goldsworthy has forwarded two articles from The Australian
Financial Review
for this edition.

====================
Hettinga's Best of the Month
From Contributing Editor Bob Hettinga
Email: rah@...

URL: The e$ Home Page
"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity,
[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to
experience." --
Edward Gibbon,
'Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire'


Date: Mon, 1 Sep 1997 12:45:15 -0400
Reply-To: Law & Policy of Computer Communications

Sender: Law & Policy of Computer Communications

From: "Dan L. Burk"
Subject: Re: Domain names and trademark -Reply
To: CYBERIA-L@...

====================
To Push or Not to Push
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-09.htm

By Contributing Editor Pecenik Miran Pecenik Miran is the chief of
the Information and Communication Technology (and also Webmaster) in the
Nuova Banca di Credito di Trieste - Nova trzaska kreditna banka.

In the last two years he has published many articles about the Web on
italian and canadian newspapers and his work was mentioned in dozens
of articles on financial and Internet magazines, on television and on
an italian national teletext. Overall he increased the popularity of the
bank with over 700 links all around the world.

He has spoken in various meetings, organised by the principal italian
banking corporates, such Abi, Ipacri and Istinform. In 1996 he worked
on a questionnaire of the use of Internet in Italy (nowadays the
biggest in Italy, with 1700 answers) and had organised the first italian
elections on the Web. In 1997 he tested the push technology with a
group of 700 people.

e-mail: miran@...
URL: http://www.nbctkb.it/index_e.htm

Translation by Michele Clara
* * * * * *
During the summer of last year I participated to the design of a
questionnaire on the use of the Web in Italy together with Giovanni
Montana, a student at the University of Palermo. To stimulate
participation, I launched Netzapping, a free-of-charge service
whereby the latest news on a range of selected topics were delivered
by e-mail. Whoever completed the questionnaire was granted the
opportunity to select ten topics/sites of interest within a pre-set range.
Netzapping was activated in November and lasted for nine months. 778
people (from whom we didn't collect personal details) participated to this
experiment. They belonged to the most different categories of
Internet users ranging from university students to webmasters, from
professionals to senior personnel in the banking and computer
industry.

======================
Securing The Consumer
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-07.htm

By Contributing Editor Scott Smith
Principal Analyst - Internet Commerce
Current Analysis, Inc. Email: scott@... URL:
http://www.currentanalysis.com
Voice: (703) 404-4169
Fax: (703) 404-9300

Over a year ago now, I wrote an editorial for a publication on
electronic commerce urging the parties who had the most to gain - and
lose - from consumer commerce on the Internet not only to settle
their differences over which blueprint for transaction se curity they
would use, but to move quickly to use their position as trusted
intermediaries to assuage consumer fears. Several weeks later, Visa
and MasterCard and their respective technology supporters announced the Secure
Electronic Transaction (SET) pro tocol, and rosily predicted a
roll-out sometime in 1996.

==========
Conference Notices
==========

C A L L F O R P A R T I C I P A N T S
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-21.htm

Financial Cryptography 1998 (FC98):
The world's only financial cryptography conference, exhibition, and
workshop.

FC98 Conference
February 23-26, 1998

FC98 Exhibition
February 23-27, 1998

FC98 Financial Cryptography Workshop
March 2-6, 1998

The Inter-Island Hotel
Anguilla, BWI

====================
FC'97 Conference Papers
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9704-30.htm

Rafael Hirschfeld (Ed.)

Financial Cryptography

First International Conference, FC '97
Anguilla, British West Indies, February 1997

Editor's note:

The following are abstracts of papers presented at the Financial
Cryptography '97 conference held in Anguilla, BWI in February 1997.
The full papers are published in proceedings form as Volume 1318 of
Springer-Verlag's Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series.
The preface of the proceedings volume is also included. All material
is copyright (c) 1997 by Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

The book has ISBN 3-540-63594-7. If you would like to obtain a copy
of the book, it can be ordered from a bookstore or directly from
Springer-Verlag. Orders from Springer can be placed via email to the
address orders@... or orders@....

==============
ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICES
==============

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===========
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===========
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_____________________________________________________________

JIBC-ONLINE: An Electronic Discussion Framework
for Internet Banking/Commerce Issues

Gordon Jenkins Nahum Goldmann
Editor, JIBC ARRAY Development
________________________________________________________________

We invite you to participate in online discussions related
to the type of banking and commerce issues addressed in the Journal
of
Internet Banking and Commerce.

JIBC-ONLINE is an interactive forum designed to complement the
email and Web versions of JIBC. Participants are able,
at their own convenience, to comment, ask questions and propose
relevant
issues for the online discussions to address. There will also be some
opportunities to post brief announcements or comments related to
specific Internet banking and commerce services.

The online discussions will be time-limited and focused on generating
consensus. Where consensus is not possible, the goal will be to
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and clarify competing viewpoints. In most cases time limits will
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JIBC. We are conscious that the value of the exercise, both
in terms of process and any eventual results, lies in its utility to
participants, each of whom has something important to say about
emerging Internet Banking and Commerce issues.

JIBC-ONLINE is made possible by DeLiberation Ver. 1.0, a simple
and easy to use Internet/Intranet and Web based conferencing tool
developed by ARRAY Development of Ottawa. DeLiberation provides an
effective
consultative framework for developing
a working consensus among a dispersed group of participants,
regardless
of their familiarity with Internet technology.

We have provided below a brief description of DeLiberation V. 1.0
which
has just been made commercially available as a Consultative Framework
for
use in corporate and organizational communication programs. Please
contact
Nahum Goldman <Nahum.Goldmann@...> for details on how to
put DeLiberation to work in your organization.


=========================
JIBC-ONLINE DISCUSSION PRINCIPLES
=========================

Experience has taught us that some simple rules help ensure that
DeLiberation - based discussions generate timely, useable results.

1. JIBC-ONLINE will concentrate on not more than three specific
questions at any one time.

2. Clear time limits for comments will be set. Usually limits will
reflect deadlines for posting discussion summaries/results in
email and Web versions of JIBC.

3. The discussion results will be used. Consensus or trends will
be
reported in JIBC. Unresolved issues will be referred to JIBC
writers and columnists for their attention.


===================
ABOUT DELIBERATION
===================

DeLiberation includes a private list server that supports email
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between discussion participants. A supporting Web site provides a
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the
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Participants can
easily sort the contents by topic, author or date to quickly find
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DeLiberation is built around HyperMail, a specially modified
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format. HyperMail provides a "central archive" of all the email
contributions collected in a shared hypertext database format. This
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individual participants have ready access to information but do not
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organize and maintain this information themselves.

Minimum technical requirements for using the email-based service are:
- A PC
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sending/receiving Internet messages.

As requirements and preferences for email and Web access may vary,
consult your local technical support person for the best
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If you have full Internet access, please stop at our Web site
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=====================
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=========================
DISCUSSION GROUP SPONSORS
=========================

JIBC-ONLINE is sponsored by ARRAY Development. The discussion
co-chairs
will be JIBC Editor Gordon Jenkins of Jenkins and Associates and
Nahum Goldmann of ARRAY Development.

Nahum Goldmann (Nahum.Goldmann@...) is a leading
developer of restructuring programs in the public and private
sectors,
a lecturer, a researcher in computer-based training, and an author of
critically acclaimed books on Internet/Web business applications.
ARRAY Development (http://www.ARRAYdev.com/) helps businesses, public
organizations and corporate divisions restructure for survival in the
new information age, by taking advantage of novel Internet tools for
electronic publishing and transactional delivery.



==========
DISCLAIMER
==========

ARRAY Development is neither responsible for nor
necessarily shares opinions that may be expressed on JIBC-ONLINE.