Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

Vol 2 no 2, March 1997 (Part 2 of 2)

Feature Articles (Continued)

====================
  From Cyberbucks to Cyberpunk: Tomorrow's Electronic
Commerce on Today's Mean Streets
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-12.htm
====================
By Walter A. Effross
Associate Professor, Washington College of Law, American University
Email: weffross@...
********
[Here are the first few paragraphs of the Web article which in
turn is excerpted from "Piracy, Privacy, and Privatization:
Fictional and Legal Approaches to the Electronic Future of Cash,"
the author's introduction to the American
University Law Review's forthcoming Symposium issue. (See
Conference Ads below for registration information)]

A decade ago the popularity of "feudal life" scenarios in
science fiction and fantasy literature was attributed to the fact
that in such settings "money never has to change hands." In
Trillion Year Spree (1986), Brian Aldiss and David Wingrove
asked,
      [w]hen did a fantasy hero ever fish a ten dollar bill from
      his pocket?  When did milady seek alimony?  When were
      travellers' cheques needed in Atlantis or Cathay?  When was
      the lead villain simply slung into prison for debt?  When
      did the mortgage ever fall due on one of those labyrinthine
      castles? [p.280]

However, even as these questions were posed a new genre
celebrated the cash, criminality, and computerized commerce of a
future that has become today's headlines.  Indeed, "cyberpunk"
denotes more than science fiction that emphasizes the interaction
of people with computers; according to a best-selling non-fiction
work of the same name, it also refers to an individual who, like
the protagonists of these novels, "make[s his] living buying,
selling, and stealing information, the currency of a computerized
future." [Katie Hafner and John Markoff, Cyberpunk: Outlaws and
Hackers on the Computer Frontier 9 (1991)].  In both of these
senses cyberpunk's authors anticipated the challenges posed by
the increasing convergence of the banking, technology, and legal
communities.

If other fictional settings allow novelists to avoid mundane
financial transactions, cyberpunk not only confronts but glories
in the grim and gritty commerce of the street. Indeed, its heroes
can escape their physical and economic reality only by plunging
into "cyberspace," mankind's "consensual hallucination. . . [a]
graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every
computer in the human system." [William Gibson, Neuromancer 51
(1984)] It is in this alternate, electronic universe, where
multinational corporations hoard their data and financial
institutions their electronic cash, that cyberpunks practice
their esoteric digital deceptions.

==============
Data Warehousing, Electronic Commerce and Technological Learning:
Successes and Failures from Government and Private Industry and
Lessons Learned for 21st Century Electronic Government
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-14.htm
==============

By Elias G. Carayannis, PhD, MBA, BScEE
Program on the Management of Science, Technology and Innovation,
Department of Management Science,
School of Business and Public Management,
The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
Email: caraye@...
*************
(Excerpt from concluding section of Web article)

4. Lessons Learned and Recommendations for 21st Century Electronic
Government

The lessons learned for 21st century electronic government based on this
survey of government policies and industry practices in information
technology implementations are that the main challenges on the road to
electronic government are the following:
*Get top agency executives, not just IRM officials involved.
*Strong, consistent direction is needed in CIO appointments.
*Attention needed to building new IT skills, not just leveraging existing
ones.
*Besides government-wide efforts, OMB and agencies must keep focused on
internal implementation steps.
*Continue to emphasize an intergated, not selective management approach.
         Congressional support and oversight is essential.
*Closely monitor the caliber and organizational placement of CIO candidates
for
         departments and agencies.
*Focus on the evaluation of results.
*Monitor how well agencies are institutionalizing processes and regularly
         validating cost, return, and risk data used to support IT investment
         decisions.
*Get the right people asking and answering the right questions.

*   *   *   *   *   *   *   *

  From JIBC Contributing Editors

===================
Over the  Water -- the View from the UK
By David G.W. Birch
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-18.htm
===================
(an excerpt from the Web article) ...
The Dog That Didn't Bark

... people are reportedly reluctant to use their credit cards over the Net
because of concerns about security. The principal concern would seem to be
that credit card numbers being intercepted while traversing the highways
and byways of the internet, yet to the best of my knowledge there is no
recorded case of a credit card number being stolen during transmission over
the internet ever. This is not just rare: it has never happened.

The few reported cases of hackers stealing credit card numbers involves
attacks on poorly configured retailer systems (magazine subscription
databases and the like). This is obviously the best way to get credit card
numbers. Why root through the billions of packets flowing around the Net on
the off chance you might find a credit card number when you can go to a
retailers system and find thousands of credit card numbers sorted,
organised and arranged (and with expiration dates and billing addresses).

I've used my credit card number over the Net many many times. In fact, I
did it last week when I emailed my credit card number to a software company
to pay for a CD ROM game I wanted. I wasn't in the least concerned about
hackers: after all, if the credit card number gets stolen, that's the
credit card company's problem, not mine.

Here's the apparent conundrum then: people read reports of ATM fraud all
the time, yet they use their ATM cards all the time. People never read
reports about credit card numbers being stolen over the Net (although they
do read lots of reports about how this might happen), yet credit card
transactions on the Net seem to be held back by fears about security. If
its not concerns about
security, then why so few apparent credit card transactions on the Net? It
seems to me there are two possible explanations, both equally plausible.
Either, credit card use on the Net is underreported, or (more likely)
people don't use their credit cards on the Net because theres no compelling
reason for them to do so.
...

==============
The Consequences of Electronic Delivery Channels
on The Retail Banking Industry
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-15.htm
===============
By Mauro Cipparone
Contributing Editor: Southern Europe
Email: mcippa@...
URL: http://www.geocities.com/WallStreet/2486/
***************

    ...What will retail banking be like in 15 years time ? Will banks
operate substantially differently from today ?

Today's banks offer substantially two
different types of services : money handling and a category which I
will call, for now, other services. Money handling comprises all those
services which are currently provided through current accounts :
crediting of one's salary, paying for shopping, paying bills, setting
up standing orders, sending money drafts and wire transfers, cashing
cheques. In brief, paying money and being paid money. 20 years ago the
payment industry was, to a large extent, the crux of banking. The
reason for this was mainly the physical nature of money. People put
gold, and then cash, in a bank because it was (and is) not safe to
simply keep it under the mattress, and because cash is bulky. It is
cheaper and safer to receive one's salary in a bank account than as an
envelope full of cash. It is cheaper to hand out a cheque or make a
wire transfer than to ship a bag of banknotes. Why banks ? Because the
handling of the money itself and of the millions of cheques and other
documents is very expensive, and requires large economies of scale.
However, today paper has been, to a great extent, already eliminated
  from the payment system.

...
As a conclusion, we can say that the retail banking industry will be
significantly affected by the development of new electronic delivery
channels. Changes will be gradual but unavoidable. Banks will manage
to remain the most important financial institutions in the industry
only if they will be quick to adapt to the changes, thus avoiding the
migration of customers to new entrants.

===============
Some Excerpts from "INNOVATION"
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-04.htm
===============
  From INNOVATION Editor and JIBC Contributing Editor John Gehl

Topics of the items posted this time include Web Sites for Buyers
(Rather than Sellers), Electronic Signatures with a Personal
Touch, Over the Chasm and Through the Tornado, The Globalization
of Everything, and The Secret Sharer.

==============
Electronic Commerce for Small to Medium Sized Enterprises
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-19.htm
==============
  From Contributing Editor Mary-Anne Goldsworthy
(The Web article is the report of a study of electronic commerce needs
of small and medium-sized enterprises in Queensland, Australia.)
...
Recommendations

A number of recommendations are made for the IIB and selected
industry partners designed to assist Queensland SMEs to benefit
  from electronic commerce and understand how electronic
commerce can open up new business opportunities for them
as follows:

*     Determine EC interface standards for application software
*     Establish an accreditation process for electronic commerce
         technology and services to give confidence to that the
         EC products and services were according to predefined
         standards.
*     Encourage EC software development by Queensland firms
*     Facilitate Queensland based WWW services
*     Establish and deliver EC awareness programs
*     Establish Internet training and assistance services
*     Encourage establishment of industry group EC communities
         in Queensland
*     Identify and support individual regional EC initiatives
*     Ensure provision of a single face to Government through
         the provision of a central electronic entry point to
         Government Agencies and Services
*     Establish a Queensland based Internet discussion group
*     Develop an EC information pack for distribution throughout
         Queensland
*     Survey Queensland SMEs by region to gain a detailed understanding of
any specific regional EC issues that need to be addressed.


===================
Hettinga's Best of the Month
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-03.htm
===================
Submitted by our Contributing Editor Robert Hettinga as his choice
of best article of month found on Internet.

Email: rah@...
**************
Internet Auctions

>From Fred Hapgood hapgood@...

...The spread of auctions on the internet inspires one to wonder
if it might not be possible to use the net to replace flat
pricing in some sectors without paying with added time and
inconvenience. At the moment net auctions are confined to the
obvious: basically collectibles and resales of the sort that
appear in Want Advertisers. Would it be possible to sell
production items, new cars, hotel rooms, clothing, via auction?
Would both buyers and sellers have incentives to switch over from
fixed pricing?

...

Subject: Re: Auctions
Reply-To: hapgood@... (Fred Hapgood)

The assumption of the original post is that auction pricing is
socially better than flat-rate pricing because the information
you get from auctions is of higher quality. (I also assume that
everyone benefits from a smarter economy in the long run.) The
question was whether the net could in some fashion allow AP to
nibble around the edges of the sectors colonized by FRP,
particularly 'many of a kind' products (as opposed to 'one of a
kind') like cars or refrigerators.

The question is still open, but it's interesting that the auction
sites dealing in overstocks often sell several units of the same
item in parallel auctions (i.e., not as a single lot). One system
is to rank the bids and distribute items down the list until the
stock is exhausted. If there are N items the top N bids win.
There are others.

One benefit to buyers (so far as overstocks go) is the
satisfaction of getting the goods at about 25% of list price,
which means that the system is to some degree parasitic on FRP.
Another benefit is feeling that a price set by bids represents a
truer estimate of value than one set by vendor fiat.  You have
more confidence that you are not being ripped off...

Of course sellers also have to feel they're making out -- they
have to have some reason to think their aggregate return from AP
will be higher than it would have been by setting a flat price.
This is easier to imagine with small lots of a dozen units but I
can sort of dimly imagine distributing an entire production run
this way. Again, the marketing edge is that buyers are more
likely to feel that a high price is legitimate.



====================
The GTPNET Phase II - Moving Contacts to Contracts
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-02.htm
====================
By Carlos Moreira
United Nations Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Email: cmoreira@...

Carlos Moreira is Head of the United Nations Conference for Trade
and Development (UNCTAD) Trade Point Development Centre (TPDC)
which is hosted by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
(RMIT). UNCTAD-TPDC is cooperating with RMIT to establish the
"Global Trade Point Network" presently in 134 countries. The
research work covers technical feasibility, cost effective
designs, "information highway" requirements and the modus
operandus to support the establishment of electronic information
processing, information infrastructure and electronic commerce
technologies to improve trade efficiency throughout the world.
*************
This report describes the UNTPDC Internet based technologies and
the performances on individual services (Mirror Sites, Incubator,
ETO system, Newsgroups, email switch) which contributed to make
the UNTPDC one of the most visited Trading Site on the Internet.
The UNTPDC Sites run what we believe to be one of the highest
volume web services on the Internet. All UNTPDC servers combined
currently take a total of between four and five million hits per
day (2 to 3 millions for ETO Newsgroups and 1.5 to 2 million for
the Web Sites), and this number continues to grow.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *
!!!!!NEW!!!!!!

Case Studies

This new section will welcome "case studies" of products that have been
successfully applied in a real-life situation.  If you or your company
would like to brag a bit or are quite proud of how well your product or
service did, then please send us an article for the "Case Studies" section.

The case study must of course have the approval of the site/product/service
owner and should not be too self-congratulatory.  We'd like you to talk
about what you did right, what you did wrong and lessons learned.

===============
Case Study: Canada Investment and Savings Lays Groundwork
for Online Savings Bond Sales
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9702-09.htm
===============

The CIS Canada Savings Bond Site

In the summer of 1996, Canada Investment and Savings began
planning and development of a Web-based system for distributing
marketing information related to the annual fall Canada Savings Bond
sales campaigns.

The project was supported by the Bank of Canada with Web/Internet and
business development expertise provided by ARRAY Development
of Ottawa.  Graphics were provided by the federal Department of Finance.

The site attracted 130,000 hits during the six-week
campaign and continues to receive about 1,500 hits per month.
Consumer comments have been very positive. A number of customers
submitted purchase applications on forms printed
  from the Web site.

The Web site effectively complemented print and broadcast
advertising and sales support campaign conducted by Canada Investment and
Savings and the Bank of Canada. It offers email access to customer service
and
reassures financial advisors and bond sales personnel that their
information is correct and up-to-date.  Attractions for consumers include a
convenient tool to calculate the value of their bond holdings at any
selected time and a form that simplifies record keeping.

Now that the basic structure and business processes are in place,
the site can be easily adapted to a variety of marketing
activities related to Canada Savings Bonds. In early 1997, for
example, the site was modified to support another successful marketing
campaign for Registered Retirement Savings Plans.



*   *   *   *   *   *   *   *

Conference Advertising

*Purchasing on the Internet
      International Quality and Productivity Center

Drive Costs Out of Your Purchasing Department is the topic of the
May 13 - 15 conference at the Holiday Inn Select in San
Francisco. Attend this conference to learn how to maximize your
electronic purchasing efficiencies through the use of Internet,
Intranet and private networks. Topics to be covered include:
steps to getting on line, integrating EDI and online purchasing,
purchasing card issues, etc. Presenters include professionals
  from American Express, Wells Fargo Bank, Visa International, and
Boise Cascade Office Products Corp.  For information/registration
call 1-800-882-8684, email to info@... or visit the IQPC Web
site at http://www.iqpc.com


Maximize the Benefits of Electronic Commerce is the topic at the
conference planned for the Toronto Colony Square Hotel May 21 to
23. Attend this conference to learn how to maximize your
electronic purchasing efficiencies and drive your total costs
down and visibility up. Topics to be covered include: steps to
getting on line, integrating EDI and online purchasing, securing
banking services, purchasing card issues, etc. Presenters will
include professionals from the Royal Canadian MInt, Cebra Inc.,
IBM Canada Ltd., NASA, McGill University Health Centre (Royal
Victoria Hospital) and GE Information Services. For
information/registration call 1-800-882-8684, email to
info@... or visit the IQPC Web site at http://www.iqpc.com

*****************
Contact communications@... for information about
advertising your conference in JIBC.
*****************


*Symposium on The Electronic Future of Cash, Washington College
of Law, Washington, DC, Friday, April 18, 1997.
      The Washington College of Law and The American University
      Law Review

The first panel, "The Technology of Electronic Cash,"
features Newsweek columnist Steven Levy; CyberCash general
counsel Russ Stevenson; Peter Wayner, author of Digital Cash:
Commerce on the Net; Gary Lorenz, General Manager of Diebold
Systems Campus Division; and a representative (invited) of the
National Security Agency.  The panel will examine the operation
of stored value cards and encryption techniques and will include
a demonstration of a "cyberpayment" made with digital cash.

The second panel, "Commentary on the Regulation of Electronic
Cash," will bring together the authors of articles in the Law
Review's Symposium issue (provided, with additional materials, to
all registrants) to review and recommend regulatory efforts from
the viewpoints of academics, practitioners, bankers, and consumer
advocates.  Panelists include: Professor Mark Budnitz, Georgia
State University College of Law; Richard Field, Chair, Electronic
Commerce Payment Committee, American Bar Association; Professor
Egon Guttman, Washington College of Law; Professor David Oedel,
Mercer University Law School; Simon Lelieveldt, Senior Policy
Advisor, Payment Systems Policy Department, De Nederlandsche Bank
(the Dutch Central Bank); and Brian Smith, of Mayer, Brown &
Platt.

Dr. David Chaum, founder and president of DigiCash, has been
invited to deliver a luncheon address.

The third panel, "The Perspective of the Regulators," features
leading regulators discussing the statutory and regulatory
approaches with which they are involved.  Panelists include:
Thomas Baxter Jr., General Counsel, the Federal Reserve Bank of
New York; William Kroener, General Counsel, FDIC; Michael
Billsma, Acting Director, Community and Consumer Law, Office of
the Comptroller of the Currency; Scott Charney, Chief, Computer
Crime and Intellectual Property Section, Criminal Division,
Department of Justice; Paul Glenn, Special Counsel, Office of
Thrift Supervision; Stephen Kroll, Legal Counsel, Financial
Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCen), United States Treasury
Department; John Lopez, Counsel, Subcommittee on Domestic and
International Monetary Policy; and Lucy Morris, Assistant
Director for Credit Practices, Federal Trade Commission.

For a brochure and registration form, please call
Professor Walter Effross at (202) 274-4017, send e-mail to
futurecash@..., or see our Symposium website at
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pub/journals/lawrev/electronic_cash/conf.htm.



4. Administrative Notices

========================================
JOURNAL OF INTERNET BANKING AND COMMERCE
========================================
ISSN 1204-5357

Publisher Nahum Goldmann
ARRAY Development
Ottawa, Canada
Nahum.Goldmann@...
http://www.ARRAYdev.com

Chief Editor: Gordon Jenkins
JENKINS AND ASSOCIATES INC.
jenkins@...
http://www.gordjenkins.com

Managing Editor: Tom McKegney
Tom.McKegney@...
http://www.ARRAYdev.com


Contributing Editors:

In alphabetical order:
U.K. Editor: David G.W.Birch
      David G.W. Birch is a Director of the UK consulting firm Hyperion,
which he helped to found in 1986. He provides analysis, creation and
facilitation expertise to clients, specialising in the field of electronic
commerce where he is recognised as one of the UK's leading consultants.
Prior to Hyperion, Dave spent several years as a consultant specialising
in communications after having graduated with a degree in Physics. Dave
has lived and worked in Europe, the Far East and North America helping
organisations ranging from SWIFT and AT&T to Mondex and the Indonesian
PTT: he therefore has a broad knowledge base and is able to synthesise
experience from a variety of market sectors.

Southern Europe: Mauro Cipparone
      Mauro Cipparone has recently graduated summa cum laude at LUISS
University, Rome, with a thesis on the economic consequences of Internet
payment systems. He collaborates with the computing center of   LUISS
University, Rome, and with the association "Liber       Liber," occasionally
giving lectures on Internet payment systems.

Legal Editor: Richard Field
      Richard Field is an attorney and legal consultant in Cliffside Park,
New  Jersey, U.S.A. He chairs the Electronic Commerce Payment Committee of
the American Bar Association.

Innovation Editor: John Gehl
     John Gehl produces the weekly electronic newsletter INNOVATION with
partner Suzanne Douglas.

Australian Editor: Mary-Anne Goldsworthy
      Mary-Anne Goldsworthy is Executive Officer of the Centre for
         Electronic Commerce at Monash University, Gippsland Campus,
Churchill,VIC
3842 The CEC is a national independent consulting, training and research
centre for electronic commerce services to assist industry and government,
and specifically SMEs (small to medium  enterprises).

Security Editor: Bob Hettinga
      Robert Hettinga rah@... 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA
02131   USA

Eastern Europe: Will Keenan
      Will Keenan is Regional Advisor on Trade Facilitation with the UN
Economic Commission for Europe in Geneva, Switzerland. Any findings,
interpretations and conclusions expressed in JIBC are personal and should
not be attributed to the UN/ECE.

UNCTAD Editor: Carlos Moreira
      Carlos Moreira is Head of the United Nations Conference for Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) Trade Point Development Centre (TPDC) which is hosted
by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT). UNCTAD-TPDC is
cooperating with RMIT to establish the "Global Trade Point Network"
presently in 134 countries. The research work covers technical
feasibility, cost effective designs, "information highway" requirements
and the modus operandus to support the establishment of electronic
information processing, information infrastructure and  electronic commerce
technologies to improve trade efficiency throughout the world.


JIBC Postmaster/Webmaster
Phil Beauchamp, ARRAY Development
pbeaucha@...

=================
JIBC ANNOUNCEMENT
=================
The goal of this publication is to inform executives,
professionals, entrepreneurs, government personnel and other key
players on principal developments and trends in the rapidly
evolving electronic commerce area all over the World. This free
online Journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information,
and to establish business contacts in the area of electronic
commerce and banking on the Internet.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily
devoted to important announcements, refereed original articles,
guest columns, significant feature presentations from other
publications, as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the
editor. We will try to keep away from technical discussions and
leave them to other specialized lists. Our Journal will be
issued every two months and will definitely focus on quality, not
quantity. We will be editing, filtering and summarizing, to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information. We
will do this by distributing only abstracts and summaries in the
email portion of the Journal. The complete articles and columns,
as well as background information, will be placed on our Web site
(http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/).

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic
commerce. We promise not to get too "techie." Not too many
fights but lots of good discussion. We need your articles, your
email, your contributions and discussion. Your feedback on
articles should be directed to the Editor, Gordon Jenkins. Direct
general comments about the publication to the Publisher, Nahum
Goldmann. You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that
we keep on the JIBC Web site.

============================
SPONSORS/ADVERTISERS WELCOME
============================
The support of commercial sponsors and advertisers is
important. Please mention JIBC to any firm or organization you
think would be interested in reaching the high level readership
JIBC is attracting. For information about advertising types and
rates, email to communications@.... Information
is also available on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/private/index.htm

=========
COPYRIGHT
=========
The Journal Of Internet Banking And Commerce is Copyright (C)
1996-97 by ARRAY Development, Ottawa, Canada. All Rights
Reserved.

Copyright of individual articles remains with the original
author. Commercial use or republication requires the author's
permission. Copying is permitted for noncommercial,
educational use by academic computer centres, individual
scholars, and libraries. This message must appear on all copied
material.

===========
CIRCULATION
===========
JIBC Vol 2 No 2:

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(END of JIBC Vol 2 No 2, Part 2 of 2, March 1997)

==============================
Extranet:  The "Third Wave" in the Internet Electronic Commerce
-- http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9701-17.htm
=============================
By Nahum Goldmann
Email: Nahum.Goldmann@...
URL: http://www.ARRAYdev.com/

Nahum Goldmann has been employed as a manager, scientist and
lecturer  in leading industrial high tech firms and academia.
Mr. Goldmann has  published several critically acclaimed books
that deal with knowledge  transfer issues.  Presently he leads
the development of Extranet-based  solutions for use in online
procurement and electronic banking and commerce.

**************
...An Extranet, or extended Internet, is a private business
network of several cooperating organizations located outside the
corporate firewall.  An Extranet service uses existing Internet
interactive infrastructure, including standard servers, email
clients and Web browsers.  This makes Extranet far more
economical than the creation and maintenance of a proprietary
network.  It enables trading partners, suppliers and customers
with common interests to form a tight business relationship and a
strong communication bond.

Technical and cost advantages are, of course, very important.
But the real significance of Extranet is that it is the first
non-proprietary technical tool that can support rapid evolution
of electronic commerce.  The real revolution over the next
three to five years will be in systems for global procurement
of goods and services at the wholesale level.  And this is
where Extranet will play a critical role.

In relation to its content and marketing potential, the term
"third wave" also refers to the maturity process in the
development of Web technology. Extranet is conceptualized
as the key technology enabler for the development of the
third wave large-scale electronic commerce sites. Moreover,
this new concept is also at the heart of the reengineering
effort required to advance a traditional corporation into the
state of the "knowledge factory".

The article describes principal elements of a typical
Extranet site and discusses the advantages of using
this technology platform.  It also cites several marketing
studies which track the level of investment required to
implement Extranet sites of different complexities.



===============================
Internet-Based Financial EDI: The Case of Bank of America and
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Pilot
================================
By Arie Segev, Jaana Porra, Malu Roldan
Prof. Arie Segev is the Director of the Fisher Center for
Information Technology and Management at the Walter A. Haas
School of Business, University of California Berkeley. Dr. Jaana
Porra and Dr. Malu Roldan serve as Research Fellows at the
center. The Fisher Center for Technology focuses on research in
electronic commerce and the impact of the Internet on business.
*****************
Abstract

Bank of America (BofA) has used Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
to transmit financial transactions between itself and its
customers for years.

Until recently, however, BofA has used direct private lines or
third party value added networks (VANs) as the carrier of the EDI
data. In 1994, BofA initiated a pilot project with its customer
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to investigate
whether the Internet could be used for secure, reliable, and fast
financial EDI (FEDI) transactions. The results of the pilot
project, which ended June 30th, 1996, are presented and possible
implications are discussed.  The results suggest that the
Internet is a viable alternative carrier for critical or
sensitive business transactions.

(EXTRACT from article)
...Before the FEDI pilot, BofA used two primary channels
private networks and VANs -- to transmit FEDI and other EDI
transactions between itself and its customers. The Internet
presents a seemingly attractive alternative for both of them.  It
is widely available and reputably inexpensive when compared to
VANs.  Since the bank already has an Internet connection for
other applications, e.g. electronic mail, the incremental cost
required to carry EDI traffic over the Internet is minimal.  The
bank views the flat-fee, volume-independent and time-of-day
independent pricing structure of the Internet as one major
benefit over other types of networks, like VANs.

Because of the large volume of transactions, the bank expects to
achieve tangible savings, over the long term, by either
redirecting EDI traffic from other channels, generating new
customers from current Internet users, or both. ...

The full report can be found at the Fisher Center for Technology:
http://haas.berkeley.edu/~citm/EDI-proj.html

A longer summary of the report is published in EDI Forum: The
Journal of Electronic Commerce at
http://www.premenos.com/t.edigroup/



=======================
The Unisys Internet Banking Site: A European Perspective
--http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/9701-19.htm
=======================
By Michael T. Hennigan
(JIBC invited Mr. Henniganto provide a brief description of a project
  that has important implications for Internet banking.  He will be
providing further insights and analysis as the project proceeds
over the months ahead.)
**************

...Overall the Unisys Internet Banking Site
(http://www.internet-banking.com) is trying to assess the use
that Financial Institutions are making of the Internet.  To do
this have analysed about 30 Web sites. We've started with UK and
Irish Banks, but will shortly expand this to include French and
German sites as well. To facilitate our assessment we've
identified for main categories that the Banks and Building
Societies fall into. The (files on)
http://www.internet-banking.com/barom.html explain the
categories:
1) Net Presence
2) Interactivity
3) Home Banking
4) Internet Banking

...Currently very few banks are taking full advantage of the new
medium by offering banking transactions over the  Internet, but
we predict that this will change soon!

...The other main part of the site focuses on electronic commerce
(http://www.internet-banking.com/ecom.html), mainly from a
technological point of view. A general review of the
situation is given together with a comparison of the different
payment technologies such as Cybercash, Open Market, and
Mondex.


========================
Letters and Comments
========================
Consumer Acceptance of Digital Cash and E-Money
      (By Vincent Albers)
-- http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/l-97-1.htm

G7 Conference in April
      (By Andy Pieniazek)
-- http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/1-97-2.htm


4. Administrative Notices

========================================
JOURNAL OF INTERNET BANKING AND COMMERCE
========================================
ISSN 1204-5357

Publisher Nahum Goldmann
ARRAY Development
Ottawa, Canada
Nahum.Goldmann@...
http://www.ARRAYdev.com

Chief Editor: Gordon Jenkins
JENKINS AND ASSOCIATES INC.
Jenkins@...
http://www.gordjenkins.com

Managing Editor: Tom McKegney
Tom.McKegney@...
http://www.ARRAYdev.com

Contributing Editor JIBC Legal: Richard L. Field
field@...

Contributing Editor: Robert Hettinga
rah@...

Contributing Editor -- Australia and Southeast Asia
Mary-Anne Goldsworthy
cec@...
http://www-mugc.cc.monash.edu.au/cec/index.html

Over the Water Columnist: David G.W. Birch
daveb@...

Innovation Editor: John Gehl

Australian Editor: Mary- Anne Goldsworthy

UNCTAD Editor: Carlos Moreira

Eastern Europe: Will Keenan

Southern Europe: Mauro Cipparone

JIBC Postmaster/Webmaster
Phil Beauchamp
ARRAY Development
pbeaucha@...



=================
JIBC ANNOUNCEMENT
=================
The goal of this publication is to inform executives,
professionals,entrepreneurs, government personnel and other key
players on principal developments and trends in the rapidly
evolving electronic commerce area all over the World. This free
online Journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information,
and to establish business contacts in the area of electronic
commerce and banking on the Internet.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily
devoted to important announcements, refereed original articles,
guest columns, significant feature presentations from other
publications, as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the
editor. We will try to keep away from technical discussions and
leave them to other specialized lists.  Our Journal will be
issued every two months and will definitely focus on quality, not
quantity. We will be editing, filtering and summarizing, to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information. We
will do this by distributing only abstracts and summaries in the
email portion of the Journal. The complete articles and columns,
as well as background information, will be placed on our Web site
(http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/).

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic
commerce.  We promise not to get too "techie." Not too many
fights but lots of good discussion. We need your articles, your
email, your contributions and discussion. Your feedback on
articles should be directed to the Editor, Gordon Jenkins. Direct
general comments about the publication to the Publisher, Nahum
Goldmann. You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that
we keep on the JIBC Web site.



============================
SPONSORS/ADVERTISERS WELCOME
============================
The support of commercial sponsors and advertisers is also
important.  Please mention JIBC to any firm or organization you
think would be interested in reaching the high level readership
JIBC is attracting.  For information about advertising types and
rates, email to communications@.... Information
is also available on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/private/index.htm



=========
COPYRIGHT
=========
The Journal Of Internet Banking And Commerce is Copyright (C)
1996-97  by ARRAY Development, Ottawa, Canada. All Rights
Reserved.

Copyright of individual articles remains with the original
author.Commercial use or republication requires the author's
permission.  Copying is permitted for noncommercial,
educational use by academic computer centres, individual
scholars, and libraries. This message must appear on all copied
material.



===========
CIRCULATION
===========
JIBC Vol 2 No. 1:


Total number of subscribers to JIBC email version : 1051

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End of JIBC Vol. 2, no. 1, January, 1997

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2003

--------------------------------
EDITORIAL
--------------------------------
By Gord Jenkins - Editor-in-Chief)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0306-Edit.htm

	 As some of you will remember, I was the original Editor who along
with Nahum
Goldman the Publisher decided on the need for a quality Journal on
Internet Banking
and Commerce in December 1995 while chatting on an EDI chat group.
The rest is
history! - the Journal was started in Jan 1996 and is still going
strong.

	 I left in Nov. 1998 and moved to Sweden then Australia / Hong Kong /
Singapore then India. But that, as they say, is another story! I
tried to keep editing
JIBC from Sweden but it became increasingly difficult the more I
moved around. But I
am back for good - after September 11; my travels in future will be
virtual.

	 I look forward to getting back in the reins as the Editor and plan
to make some
changes I hope you will all like.

	 First of all I plan, with our illustrious publisher - and old friend
- Nahum's help,
to roll all the other Journals (Journal of Internet Marketing (JIM)
Journal of Internet
Purchasing (JIP) and Journal of Internet Security (JISec) that spun
out under the Array
JIBC umbrella under one: the JIBC. The main reason of course is the
convergence in
the last few years of the subject areas.

	 Secondly the Journals focus will be forward visionary - historical
articles of what
happened will only be accepted in the context of extrapolating to the
future. We will
leave the history to publications such as Harvard Business Review.

	 Thirdly academic articles will be solicited and encouraged - but the
JIBC will be
the home to authors from the public and private sector. The JIBC will
continue to be
the meeting ground between intellectual academia and the practicing
business world.

	  Finally I plan on making the Journal more interactive, consultative
and reader
engagement and involvement. Nice words and I am not quite certain yet
how I will do
this! Letters to the Editors, forums

	 And new forms of consultation and engagement - we plan to be leaders
in this
new thing called "electronic democracy"

	 I promise you I will try to keep the good reputation of JIBC and to
put my efforts
in improving this excellent publication. I would love to hear from
you at
jenkins@...

----------------------------------
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---------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------
REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS
--------------------------------------------------------

UNITED KINGDOM: Contactless Crazy
(by David Birch, Director, Consult Hyperion)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0306-07.htm

There seems to be a tremendous amount of activity in the field of
contactless smart
cards, especially in the payments arena. What's the excitement about,
and why is it
happening now?


NORDIC: Factors Affecting The Adoption Of Mobile Banking Services
(By Minna Mattila)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0306-04.htm

This paper focuses on defining the factors influencing mobile banking
adoption and
aims at forming a model describing consumer behavior patterns. Thus
it also
evaluates the applicability of Rogers' (1995) model in this context.
In consequence we
are able to state what are the drivers and inhibitors of using
banking services via
wireless delivery channel. A quantitative survey sheds more light on
this researched
issue. The data was collected in Finland during May-July 2002 and
includes 1253
survey responses.


NETHERLANDS: Never underestimate the importance of local culture
(By Graham Rhind)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0306-08.htm

	 The world is rich in cultural differences, so that localizing a web
site involves
more than just changing the language.  In this article, Graham Rhind
looks at the
global advertising of one bank and checks to see whether its claims
have been put
into practice as regards to its web data collection forms.


MALAYSIA: Service Quality Evaluation of Internet Banking in Malaysia
(By P. Vijayan and Bala Shanmugam)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0306-06.htm

	 This study evaluates the service quality of Internet banking in
Malaysia. It
focuses on the transaction sites of five leading anchor banks, which
provide a
platform for electronic banking and examines electronic banking
performances
through a set of 40 questions specifically prepared for this
research. The survey was
conducted in January 2002. Only two of the five banks surveyed
obtained a four-star
rating out of a possible five stars. Three other banks have obtained
three-star
ratings. The implications and future directions of Internet banking
in Malaysia are
discussed.


FRANCE: Online Brokerage in Europe: Actors & Strategies
(By Jean-Michel Sahut)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0306-09.htm

	 The tough game among e-brokers is still going on and is becoming
more and
more ruthless. The challenges they are facing will determine who will
survive and who
will be squeezed out of the market. The money they receive from
shareholders will
not always flow in if they do not prove they are capable of achieving
their break-even
point and that will have an impact on stock prices. Thus, in the race
to attract as
many clients as possible, they should stop to rethink their strategy.

	 The purpose of this article is to give a few references on the
subject of on-line
brokerage in order to understand the financial players'
strategies on the Internet. We
explain the challenges and the brokerage value chain and analyses the
problem of the
break-even point.

--------------------------------------------------------
FEATURE ARTICLES
--------------------------------------------------------

INDIA: E-banking for Comprehensive E-democracy: An Indian Discernment
(By Nikhil Agarwal, Ruchi Agarwal, Prasoon Sharma, and A.M. Sherry)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0306-05.htm

	 Banking and finance is like oxygen to any democracy. Successful
democracy can
only be achieved by giving citizens effective, efficient, and
resourceful money
management systems (MMS). Internet banking has come a long way since
the world's
first Internet bank started offering services over the net in 1995.
At present, most of
the banks around the world have a web presence in the form of ATMs,
Internet
banking, support services, etc.

	 The aim of this paper is to prepare a background for discussion for
e-banking
and e-democracy. This paper will look for such avenues where banking
can play a
significant role in e-democracy


DUBAI: Internet Banking in Emergency Markets: The Case of Jordan
(By Raed Awamleh, John Evans, and Ashraf Mahate)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0306-03.htm

	 In focusing upon Jordan as a case study of an emerging market, this
article
takes a closer look at the gap between the popularity of Internet
banking in Jordan to
that in the United States. While American banks have reached a stage
where a number
of banks are operating entirely via web without any need for physical
location,
Jordanian banks have a very limited web presence. Both American and
Jordanian
banking industries do, however, exhibit weaknesses in the advanced
levels of all web
opportunities, particularly with regards to customer relationships.


GREECE: Consumer Exclusion and Social Responsibility in MArketing
Decisions
(By George G. Panigyrakis, Prokopis K. Theodoridis and Irini D.
Rigopoulou)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0306-02.htm

	 Half of the European population still lives outside major urban
areas. However,
the quality of life and employment opportunities in the remote areas
of Europe are
under threat. The social role of companies is manifested by the
improvement of the
living standards. In some cases, the lack of the provision of
financial services
becomes unjustified, having in mind the opportunities provided by
information
technology. Companies have to be "re-positioned" in order to
create a profile, in tune
with the needs of regional and local communities and in line with
their well-being
evolution. It seems necessary that a re-thinking of marketing
concepts such as
segmentation and targeting take place, in order to present a more
socially
responsible strategic view.


USA: Big Deal Identity Theft
(By Martin Nemzow)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0211-Edit.htm

	 Identity theft is the fastest growing crime in the United States;
it is also the
fastest growing crime in some other industrialized nations. Although
the effects of
this crime inconvenience the individual  attacked but really cost the
indemnifying
credit card processors,  the nature of this crime will change the
business and banking
landscape in a significant way. The most fundamental effect will  be
the extension of
identity crime against banking and business  organizations. That will
be a big deal.

USA: Gender Difference and e-Commerce Behavior and Perceptions
(By Kurt Schimmel)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0306-01.htm

	 A recent survey of 224 Internet shoppers was conducted, and the
results
indicate there are only slight differences between the genders
regarding on-line
shopping behavior and no difference in actual shopping behavior.

====================
Administrative Notice
====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and
electronic commerce
professionals and executives on principal developments, benchmark
practices, and
future trends in the Internet-based marketing practices of
governments and industry.
This free online interactive journal is a way to keep in touch, to
share information,
and to establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide
professionals that
specialize in electronic commerce and banking solutions.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 9, No. 1, November 2003

------------------------------------
EDITORIAL
------------------------------------

By Gord Jenkins
Editor-in-Chief
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-Edit.htm

	 It might seem unusual that an editor of a journal about  Internet
and banking
would have - as the Australians say - a  good winge about spam.
However, I believe it
is not security or authentication or privacy that is the biggest
threat to Internet
banking and commerce - it is spam. Spam is in your  mailbox right now
- more than
likely the first thing you do on your business day is clear out the
spam mail that
ingeniously found its way into the sanctity of your mailbox.

	 There are a number of aspects to this insidious invasion.

	 First we all ignored it - spam was a nuisance that had to be put up
with. Some of
those Nigerian spam mails were at first quite funny! Then they
started to slow down
not just you as a nuisance - but also your ISP. And for that matter
the whole Internet
infrastructure.

	 Next we found we could not buy software to effectively defend us
against spam.
We were defenseless.

	 Then we found our ISPs did not give a damn - every time I complained
to my
large phone utility ISP about it, I was logged "as a service call".
Only reluctantly have
ISPs put in anti-spam software for their clients, and than it is not
that effective.

	 Then, in an ironic twist, the legitimate users - such as the email
edition of this
journal, were marked as spam by an "outsourced anti-spam enforcer" of
another
large phone utility which boasts the zero tolerance policy but does
little to cut the
real spam

	 U.S. government departments and soon other governments and
businesses and
- yes even the pillars of banking - such as SWIFT and Identrus will
be not receiving
spam -of course not - but will be feeling the effects of this
Internet infection.

	 In short, spam is the AIDS of the Internet - overlooked - denied by
some as "not
a problem" but just as serious and insidious as AIDS. Spam is the
killer application -
killer of Internet banking and killer of Internet commerce. Maybe as
Editor I should
suggest we change "Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce" to
"Journal of Spam"
- at least I would not have to worry about "distribution numbers".


-----------------------------------------------
REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS
-----------------------------------------------

MALAYSIA: Evaluation of Internet Banking Sites in Islamic Countries
(by Balachandher Krishnan Guru, Bala Shanmugam, Nafis Alam, and
Corrine. J. Perera)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-01.htm

	 Banks worldwide are now moving rapidly to an era of technological
change.
Customers are exposed to various options available in  the internet
banking web sites
such as online banking, transfer funds, creation of new banking
products and etc.
While many banks, especially in Europe and the U.S., have adopted
internet banking,
this study shows that the majority of Islamic countries are still in
the early stages of
developing internet banking. Only some Islamic banks in the Middle
East have well-
developed internet banking web sites for the convenience of their
customers.
However, since they are still in the infancy stage, there is still
room for improvement.

UNITED KINGDOM: Virtual Law - Will virtual identity converge or
diverge?
(by Dave Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-05.htm

	 Some of the differences (conflicts, even) between real and virtual
identity are
thrown into sharp relief in the world of online games, where vast
virtual worlds are
already inhabited by millions of virtual characters. While they might
be only games,
they may contain some real insights into the future relationship
between real and
virtual identities.

FINLAND: Cell Sailors - An Educational Program Aimed at Mature
Customers on How
to Use Mobil Services
(by Minna Mattila and Anja Harkonen)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-08.htm

	 This paper focuses on describing a mature consumer education program
as a
marketing tool. Also, mature customers' mobile service usage is
discussed. Although
mature market is very heterogeneous, the desire for information and
education is a
common characteristic for it. By targeting consumer education
programs to mature
consumers, marketers can help in satisfying this desire. The data of
this paper was
gathered in Finland during spring 2003 by using non-participatory
observation as a
research method. 

FRANCE: Enhance Internet Banking Service Quality with Quality
Function Deployment
Approach
(by Jean-Michel Sahut)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-09.htm

	 Internet banking providers tend to introduce to consumers as many
services as
possible very often without knowing what the customers really want
and expect from
them. Within the traditional banking environment it was almost
impossible to monitor
and record data on second-by-second actions and interactions with the
customers.

	 The fact is that the electronic environment allows Internet banking
providers to
capture enormous amount of information about customer behaviour
during the whole
process of service consumption and to collect their opinions and
requirements in
different forms.

	 Quality function deployment (QFD) is a distinguished product and
service design
technique primary oriented to deliver "voice of the customer"
throughout every single
planning and design activity. Taking into account the trends of
moving the banking
products and services online, this paper demonstrates the application
of QFD to
Internet banking and it outlines the links among service quality
management, its
concepts, and tools and Internet banking services.

------------------------------------------------
FEATURE ARTICLES
-------------------------------------------------

USA: XML: Future of E-Content Business: The Impact of XML on
Entertainment and
Media
(by Xiaorui Hu and Yuhong Wu))
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-03.htm

	 Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has grown dramatically in the past
decades
due to the rapid development of Internet technology. Entertainment
e-commerce has
been at the vanguard of the online retail revolution. However,
entertainment e-
commerce has experienced rapid change over the past years. In order
to be
successful in the business, entertainment companies are constantly
seeking efficient
mechanisms to attract customers and to provide individualized
services.

	 In this paper, we identify the XML (Extensible Markup Language), a
new type of
data structure standard on the Internet, as part of the backbone for
future e-content
business. XML offers solutions to the success of the e-content
business and provides
support for entertainment e-commerce. The benefits of XMLs features
on the e-
content business are identified and investigated in detail, and the
challenges posted
by the transition to XML are discussed.

USA: Some Free, Some Fee: The Emerging Business Model for e-Content
Sites
(by Meg Murray and Ravi Narayanswamy)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-04.htm

	 The rapid emergence of E-commerce with its competitive
characteristics has
transformed the business landscape. In its short life span of little
more than a
decade, the Internet marketplace has already seen a dramatic cycle of
high peaks and
low valleys. E-content sites, whose primary product is information,
have had the most
difficulty sustaining profitability.

	 There is a definite trend occurring away from the totally free
content site to the
hybrid model of charging for some e-content fittingly termed the some
free - some
fee model. The some free -  some fee model is one approach that will
enable online
e-content businesses to create revenue while still offering free
content to which many
Web users have become accustomed. Understanding the underlying
principles of, and
the movement towards, the some free - some fee model will assist
e-content
organizations in the transformation of their business model to ensure
their
survivability in the volatile Internet marketplace.

MALAYSIA: The Role of e-Commerce in the 21st Century
(by Mohammed Tahla and Abdullah Sallehhuddin Abdullah Salim)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-06.htm

	 Technological breakthrough in such areas as fax machines, telephone,
video
player, audio devices and televisions took many years to
commercialize and measure
their impacts on business. Compared to these breakthroughs,
telecommunications,
information communication technology, miniaturization, computers and
Internet went
through shorter product life styles and achieved widespread diffusion
and reformed
the nature of business operation and enhanced competitive business
environment
instantly. This technological advancement has resulted in evolution
and innovation of
many products, services and business processes. One of them is the
emergence of e-
commerce or electronic commerce.

	 The explanatory and conceptual paper presents the ways in which
e-commerce
give information to the consumers. It further highlights some
critical issues in e-
commerce, suggestion and future strategies for e-commerce in years to
come.

AUSTRALIA: Online Shopping: Advantages Over The Offline Alternative
(by Joshua Chang)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-07.htm

	 The advent of the Internet as a shopping medium has enabled shoppers
to gain
shopping benefits such as convenience and time-saving, better
information, and
price savings. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of
the benefits of
Internet shopping by identifying and discussing the advantages of
Internet shopping
over traditional storefront shopping.

USA: The Emergence of Interdependent e-Commerce Constructs
(by Abel Stephen)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-10.htm

	 This paper represents the findings of research studies that  address
e-
commerce design and associated consumer behavior. The innovation of
e-commerce
has affected not only the marketplace through the facilitation of the
exchange of
goods and services, but also human behavior in response to the
mechanisms of
online services.

	 Researchers have identified and hypothesized on relevant subject
matters
ranging from Web usability, marketing  channels and other factors
influencing online
buying behavior. Though researchers have focused on what appear
different aspects
of online buying behavior, their studies may be shown to be
interrelated and
interdependent, even to the extent of revealing constructs upon which
e-commerce,
in terms of future design and research, could be built.

USA: Why Big Banks Must Deal in this New Name-Economy
(by Naseem Javed)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0311-11.htm

	 Only yesterday, the image of a bank was of a Roman arch, huge
columns, and
people working behind bars. Today, the banks and financial
institutions are in your
pockets, humming palm-pilots, buzzing laptops all working quietly
and completing
complex transactions round the clock.

	 Banks were the first to discover globalization and true e-commerce,
way before
these words even came into our daily lingo. Today, they are not
only caught in a
highly competitive inter-global marketplace but also are stuck with a
lot of old-
fashioned twisted names and ancient iconography.


====================
Administrative Notice
====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and
electronic commerce
professionals and executives on principal developments, benchmark
practices, and
future trends in the Internet-based marketing practices of
governments and industry.
This free online interactive journal is a way to keep in touch, to
share information,
and to establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide
professionals that
specialize in electronic commerce and banking solutions.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol.9, No 1, February-March 2004

====================
TABLE OF CONTENTS
====================

Editorial (Gordon Jenkins)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-Edit.htm

From our contributing editors:

Problems and Prospects of Internet Marketing
(By Mohammed Talha, Deepak Shrivastva, Pooja Kabra, and Abdullah Sallehuddin
Abdullah
Salim)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-02.htm

UNITED KINGDOM: WiFi Isn't a Market: It's Two
(By Dave Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-07.htm

FRANCE: Why does SSL Dominate the E-payment Market?
(By J.M. Sahut and M. Galuszewska)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-08.htm

FINLAND: The Different Dimensions of Seamless Use Experience in Electronic
Environment
(By Anssi Mattila)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-09.htm

Feature articles:

TAIWAN: Web Site Usability Evaluation of Internet Banking in Taiwan
(By Chin-San Wu, Fei-Fei Cheng, and Hsin-Hui Lin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-01.htm

AUSTRALIA: Overcoming the Tyranny of "Richness" and "Reach"
(By Joshua Chang)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-03.htm

AUSTRALIA: Web-based Shopping: The Evolution and the Global Implications: An
Exploratory Analysis from a Consumer Behavioural Viewpoint
(By Rajeev Kamineni)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-01.htm

NETHERLANDS: A Suitable Research Methodology for analyzing Online Baking
Behaviour
(By Geoffrey J. L. van Meer, and W. Fred van Raaij)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-04.htm

INDIA: Preventing Technology Based Bank Frauds
(By V. Radha and Ved P. Gulati)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-05.htm

INDIA: Strategic Framework for Marketing of Telecom Services with Specific
Reference to IP
Telephony in India
(By Aditya Krishna Nanda, Deepali Singh, and D. P. Agrawal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-06.htm

====================
EDITORIAL
====================

By Gord Jenkins
Editor-in-Chief
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-Edit.htm

	 Welcome to another edition of JIBC, now in our 8th year.

	 Volume number 1 was about this time in 1996. One of our original columnists
David
Birch is still with us! We have added more columnists - and one thing I have
noticed - they
are not just from America and central Europe. If you notice in Volume 8, we have
had
contributors of quality from the Middle East and Asia Pacific on Commerce and
Banking. I
hope to add from Central and South America/Africa to future editions. Articles
are
solicited from these areas please. This is a sure trend of Internet
globalization of banking
and commerce.

	 The Journal is called and will remain the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce.
The second trend is that commerce and banking are no longer in a neat category
or
compartments all on their own. The walls are not down nor only between these
disciplines
but just about every other one you can name. Personal banking in retail chains
such as
grocery stores involves the retail sector trends. Phone and cellular banking
involves the
security and communication sector of expertise. Another sure trend is the
convergence of
Internet banking and commerce in all sectors. And this includes government
sector as
well. We hope to receive articles on electronic government as well - pass the
word!

  So we will remain the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce - but we will
keep be
quietly changing with the times and be putting more emphasis on the Journal of
the
Internet - do you agree? Please let me know what you think.

========================
REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS
========================

MALAYSIA: Problems and Prospects of Internet Marketing
(By Mohammed Talha, Deepak Shrivastva, Pooja Kabra, and Abdullah Sallehuddin
Abdullah
Salim)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-02.htm

	 Though the Internet provides a new means for conducting business, the
fundamentals of doing business remain unchanged. The present study is designed
to
examine the marketing strategy on Internet. For this purpose, it says that by
integrating
the Internet technology into the marketing strategy, business firms will be able
to use the
Internet as a tool to gain competitive advantage.

This article explains Internet marketing mix, which consists five Ps: product,
price,
promotion, place and personalization. The concept of marketing has not changed
in
essential has a result of using the Internet as a new marketing channel but
Internet offers
an unlimited opportunity for business. Internet marketing goes beyond banner
advertising
and e-mail marketing. It includes all the activity aimed at creating a distinct
niche for the
business like segmentation, differentiation etc.

UNITED KINGDOM: WiFi Isn't a Market: It's Two
(By Dave Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-07.htm

The world of wireless Internet access (WiFi for short) has been evolving. Not
only are more
and more homes and offices sprouting wireless Ethernet connections, they are in
an
increasing number of public locations. There are already more than 1,000
so-called hot
spots in Europe and this number could grow to more than 32,000 by 2007. How
anyone is
going to make a living out of this is up for grabs, but there are three basic
options
available to potential service providers

FRANCE: Why does SSL Dominate the E-payment Market?
(By J.M. Sahut and M. Galuszewska)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-08.htm

Since the mid-90s, when e-payments were a major part of the Internet hype, a
plethora of
innovative e-payment solutions have emerged. Although insufficient security has
been
always considered the greatest barrier to conquering the market, reinforced
security does
not seem to have been strongly correlated with a market acceptance rate.

Surprisingly, most security-focused systems have ended up being abandoned. The
winner
of the competitive battle is far from being secure. SSL (Secure Socket Layer),
that has
dominated the market of e-payments, is a communication protocol (not a payment
protocol) and can be criticized for its imperfection as far as international
payments and
buyer identification are concerned. Faced with these facts, providers of
e-payment
solutions realized that they had not grasped the real needs of users.

The crucial goal of this article is to reveal the real reasons for the SSL
success. We will also
analyze other e-payment solutions as well as the market of mobile payments.
Finally, we
will examine the repercussions of electronic payments for the banking system.

FINLAND: The Different Dimensions of Seamless Use Experience in Electronic
Environment
(By Anssi Mattila)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-09.htm

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relationship and dependencies
between
different dimensions of the seamless use experience in an electronic
environment. This
paper outlines the factors affecting the seamless use experience in both mobile
and fixed-
line Internet services from the customer's perspective.

The customer's perception of seamless use is mainly a result of the experienced
interaction in the customer-technology interface. However, our results show that
the
seamless use experience is defined by many more variables such as satisfaction
towards
the service provider and customer's previous use experience. The results are
based on a
large consumer survey conducted among mobile and fixed-line Internet users in
Finland
during summer 2003.

====================
FEATURE ARTICLES
====================

TAIWAN: Web Site Usability Evaluation of Internet Banking in Taiwan
(By Chin-San Wu, Fei-Fei Cheng, and Hsin-Hui Lin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-01.htm

With the proliferation of the Internet, banks are adopting technologies to build
their own
Web sites. The design of the Web site is a crucial determinant of whether
visitors are likely
to return to the site. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usability
of Internet
banking Web sites in Taiwan.

AUSTRALIA: Overcoming the Tyranny of "Richness" and "Reach"
(By Joshua Chang)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-03.htm

Traditional shopping limits the number of shops the shopper is able to visit due
to time
and other cost constraints; the time spent travelling consequently leaves the
shopper with
less time to evaluate the product.

This paper aims to provide an understanding of how the Internet diminishes the
tyranny of
the trade-off between information richness and the reach of alternative shops
inherent in
traditional shopping, as well as how it enables businesses to be more
competitive.

AUSTRALIA: Web-based Shopping: The Evolution and the Global Implications: An
Exploratory Analysis from a Consumer Behavioural Viewpoint
(By Rajeev Kamineni)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-01.htm

The World Wide Web can change human behaviour and human interactions to a very
large
extent. Web based shopping behaviour is one major example to point out the
trends in
this direction.

This study is of a very exploratory nature and it intends to establish the
differences
between several web-based shoppers from different parts of the world. Several
critical
factors associated with online shopping behaviour will be explored. A
cross-cultural data
set will be collected and an illustrative description of the shoppers will be
provided. As a
final step the cross cultural differences between several shoppers will be
explored. One
question that will run as a theme through out the course of this paper is: Will
the
traditional consumer behaviour theory and research be altered by the advent of
web-
based shopping?

NETHERLANDS: A Suitable Research Methodology for analyzing Online Baking
Behaviour
(By Geoffrey J. L. van Meer, and W. Fred van Raaij)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-04.htm

Banks and financial institutions still perceive the Internet as a "black box" in
which little
insight is provided about individual-level online behaviour. In this article,
examples are
presented that show that click stream analysis is a suitable research
methodology for
integrating the Internet in the marketing strategy of a bank or financial
institution.

INDIA: Preventing Technology Based Bank Frauds
(By V. Radha and Ved P. Gulati)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-05.htm

New technology always brought some more fraudulent criminal activities developed
around these technologies. By the time the regulatory bodies and law enforcement
agencies take preventive measures to cope up with the present environment,
either the
environment itself changes or some new technology emerges making the criminals
find a
new home and commit fraud.

In this paper we discuss the technology-based opportunities that thieves take
advantage
and its prevention and how to build future technology based banking services
that can
limit the frauds.

INDIA: Strategic Framework for Marketing of Telecom Services with Specific
Reference to IP
Telephony in India
(By Aditya Krishna Nanda, Deepali Singh, and D. P. Agrawal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-06.htm

In the cellular sector alone, the subscriber base has increased nearly 10 times
over the
past three years while the tariff has been reduced by nearly 90 percent over the
same
period. Similarly, tariffs have come down in long distance international and
national
telephony by about 40 to 60 percent. Internet telephony is offered even at
cheaper rates.

This framework, which has been specifically designed for the IP Telephony market
in India,
keeps in mind the dynamics and the environment of the telecommunication sector
of the
country, would be the basis of the further work (strategy formulation) by
telecommunication partners.

====================
ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICE
====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) is a leading-edge publication that
informs banking and electronic commerce professional and executives on principal
developments, benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based
marketing
practices of government and industry. This Internet oldest free online
interactive journal
supported by ARRAY Development of Ottawa, Canada, is a way to keep in touch, to
share
information, and to establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide
professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce and banking solutions.

Please consider submitting original articles to JIBC Editor-in-Chief Gord
Jenkins. Feel free
to email this publication to your colleagues and students from around the globe
and
encourage them to subscribe as well.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 9 No. 2, July 2004

====================

TABLE OF CONTENTS

====================

Editorial (Gordon Jenkins)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0604-Edit.asp

From the Publisher (Nahum Goldmann)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-pub.asp

From our contributing editors:

UNITED KINGDOM: Phish and Chips: We're with Bill Gates - We'll Never Fix this
Problem
Without Smart Cards
(By Dave Birch and Steve Pannifer)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-06.htm

FRANCE: The Development of Electronic Money: Toward the Privatization of Money
Issue?
(By Nathalie Janson)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-04.asp

FINLAND: Service Bundling As Pricing Strategy for Mobile Services: A
Scandinavian
Perspective
(By Mannukka Juha and Mattila Minna)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-06.asp


Feature Articles:

UNITED STATES: The Internet Classroom and Plagiarism: Detecting the Problem
(By Shelly R. Topp, Barbara E. Hightower, LaVelle H. Mills, and R. Nicholas
Gerlich)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-02.htm

UNITED STATES: The Internet Classroom and Plagiarism: Dealing with the Problem
(By Shelly R. Topp, Barbara Hightower, LaVelle H. Mills, and R. Nicholas
Gerlich)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-03.htm

UNITED STATES: Micropayments in Wireless M-Commerce: Issues, Security, and
Trends
(By Xin Luo)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-10.htm

UNITED STATES: Marketing Technologies and Practices Offer Outsourcing Providers
(India)
the Next Competitive Advantage
(By Abel Stephen)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-04.htm

TRINIDAD: Socio-Legal Issues Affecting the Use of Digital Signatures for Secure
E-
Commerce Transactions: A Caribbean Perspective
(By Richard M. Escalante)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-05.htm

OMAN: Adoption and Use of Internet Banking in the Sultanate of Oman: An
Exploratory
Study
(Imtiyaz Al-Sabbagh and Alemayehu Molla)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-07.asp

INDIA: The adoption of Internet Banking: An Empirical Investigation of the
Indian Banking
Sector
(By Balwinder Singh and Pooja Malhotra)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-08.asp

NETHERLANDS: The Customer Relations Government: The Quality of Electronic
Municipal
Services in the Netherlands
(By M Wissinkand A. J. G. M. van Montfort)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-09.asp

INDIA: Maneuvering Best Business Practices to Improve the Quality of
E-Governance
Services
(By Kapil Mohan Garg, Nikhil Agarwal, and Arun Mohan Sherry)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-10.asp

Book Review:

CANADA: "Sales Force Management in the Financial Services"
(By Paul S. Bates)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-05.asp
Reviewed by Nahum Goldmann

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call 1-888-777-1707.

\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT -------------------/

====================

EDITORIAL

====================
By Gord Jenkins
Editor-in-Chief
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-edit.asp

Every once in a while it is time to update and revamp - to keep the good but add
new
ideas. We are doing that starting this and next edition of the Journal of
Internet Banking
and Commerce.

The focus will be increased from Banking and Commerce to include Government.
Electronic Government (E Gov) is growing and converging with commerce and
banking.
New ideas are coming out of the E Gov area - ideas too important to miss.

The focus will be expanded to include more articles from non North American and
Europe
countries. We will still keep our regular columnist from these two areas, but
will be looking
to more regular contributors from other area. We start with the Middle East and
Asia.
Hopefully you will notice we have quietly added a regular contributor from India
and
Malaysia. We will be actively soliciting from China and Korea in Asia. For this
we would like
to welcome a new Assistant Editor Robert Xin Luo who has agreed to take on the
Asia
challenge. (Check his particulars out at: http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/
editors.asp).

I am looking for a similar person in the Middle East. Please let me know if
anyone is out
there is interested in the Middle East portfolio. Other areas next in line are
Africa, South
America and the Caribbean.

We are approaching our ninth year of publication thanks to support of publisher
Nahum
Goldmann of ARRAY Development. The JIBC is the only business (banking, IT
Business
software and hardware etc) and academic journal I know of. We try to mix the
both - our
longest contributing columnist is a businessperson specializing in card
technology.

Stay tuned in our next edition for even more changes to JIBC. Please give me
your
feedback to changes - either through the JIBC Guestbook or an E Mail direct to
me.

The current issue is actually one of the strongest issues that JIBC has had so
far in our
close to 9 years of existence. This is due to the quality and respected authors
who are
contributing - thank you authors. And thank you readers - feedback please!

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http://www.addsecure.net/info/service.htm
\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT -------------------/

========================

FROM JIBC PUBLISHER

========================

I am immensely proud to repeat what I wrote as JIBC Publisher many years back,
in
September 1996 (please do look time to time at JIBC archives at http://
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/articles.htm, you might find the material there
most
enlightening):

  *** "...Very few electronic publications survive beyond Volume 1, Number 1.
Both I and
ARRAY Development are very proud to see JIBC appear for the fifth time and enter
its
second year of existence. [and soon it will be the 10th year!, indeed time is
running fast
when you have that much fun -- ng]

  "To publish a serious Journal is always a struggle for quality and relevance.
We have been
very fortunate in attracting first rate authors and contributing editors. Their
insights and
commentaries inform and entertain nearly 1,000 subscribers to our email edition
and
thousands of visitors to the Web archive.

  "One attraction of an electronic format is that there's always room for new
contributors to
inform our readership and to analyze both ongoing and proposed initiatives. Can
you
provide insight into which banks are providing serious services over the
Internet? Which
Internet catalog stores make money? Which airlines have Internet sales programs
that
really make a difference? How do you convert tire kickers into customers?

  "If you have an idea for an article or continuing column, please email a brief
proposal to
[our most capable and distinguished Chief Editor Gord Jenkins
gordjenkins@...].

  "Whether you are a subscriber or contributor, your participation in JIBC is
important.
Internet banking and commerce are practical activities whose real value lies not
in the
misplaced media excitement but rather in the transactional delivery of everyday
services.
Much of what is happening has important implications; some developments are very
transitory. Working together, we can maintain JIBC as the pre-eminent forum for
sorting
the grain from the chaff.

  "That was the goal we set for JIBC a year ago. It remains our goal for the
year, and the
years, ahead."

  ***

  What more could I add today to the above? We are staying on the same editorial
course
and every word is as relevant today as it was in 1996.

  I am asking you, our readers and subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of
your
colleagues, friends and discussion groups that you are participating at and
recommend
that they also subscribe.

  As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your
articles - along with the rest of JIBC edition - to at least 10 of your peers
and colleagues in
academia, government and industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and
the
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce! Recommend that they also subscribe.

  Let's spread the word!

========================

REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS

========================

UNITED KINGDOM: Phish and Chips: We're with Bill Gates - We'll Never Fix this
Problem
Without Smart Cards
(By Dave Birch and Steve Pannifer)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-06.htm

You can't have failed to notice reports of a major Internet crime wave underway
on both
sides of the Atlantic at the moment: phishing. This means duping consumers into
divulging financial information using spoof web sites [1]. In non-cool,
un-hacker terms,
the fishing involves sending out spam e-mails to try and tempt unwary consumers
into
visiting the fraudsters web sites.

FRANCE: The Development of Electronic Money: Toward the Privatization of Money
Issue?
(By Nathalie Janson)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-04.asp

The development of electronic means of payment concerns the monetary authorities
since
these new forms of payment could challenge their ability to implement monetary
policy
efficiently. This would be the case if electronic money or e-money were a
private form of
money: in other words, if both banks and non-banks were able to issue it without
relying
on base money. Based on a free banking framework, the paper shows that only
pre-paid
cards are similar to private notes such as those issued by free banks in the
past. As a
consequence, the control of the central bank over the quantity of money is not
seriously
undermined. Moreover to prevent this risk materializing, the European central
bank now
decrees that any new kind of e-money be issued only by commercial banks holding
reserve requirements.

FINLAND: Service Bundling As Pricing Strategy for Mobile Services: A
Scandinavian
Perspective
(By Mannukka Juha and Mattila Minna)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-06.asp

At the moment one of the most potential and interesting pricing method for
mobile
services business is a bundle pricing strategy. According to prior studies the
service
bundling is preferred especially by customers of mobile and electronic services.
This study
is exploratory and it has provided an empirical market specific evidence and
support for
mobile service providers to apply the service bundling strategy in Finnish and
Scandinavian markets.

========================

FEATURE ARTICLES

========================

UNITED STATES: The Internet Classroom and Plagiarism: Detecting the Problem
(By Shelly R. Topp, Barbara E. Hightower, LaVelle H. Mills, and R. Nicholas
Gerlich)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-02.htm

While the Internet offers many facilities for enriching the marketing classroom,
it also
facilitates plagiarism among students. However, there are now various for fee
and for free
services on the Internet that help the college professor detect the copy and
paste scholar.
This article discusses the extent of plagiarism on the college campus and
introduces the
reader to available plagiarism detection services.

UNITED STATES: The Internet and Classroom Plagiarism: Dealing with the Problem
(By Shelly R. Topp, Barbara E. Hightower, LaVelle H. Mills, and R. Nicholas
Gerlich)
http://www.arraydevcom/commerce/jibc/0403.03.htm

While the Internet offers many facilities for enriching the marketing classroom,
it also
facilitates plagiarism among students. An earlier article discussed the extent
of the
plagiarism problem on campus and various for fee and for free services on the
Internet
that help the college professor detect the copy and paste scholar. This article
offers
strategies for common assignments that will help to minimize student plagiarism.

UNITED STATES: Micropayments in Wireless M-Commerce: Issues, Security, and
Trends
(By Xin Luo)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0402-10.htm

Although micropayments were once considered one of the Internet's great
failures, the
wireless mobile commerce now presents an arena ripe with possibilities to
resurrect
micropayment technology. Merging these technologies requires serious
consideration,
including a number of significant security concerns in Bluetooth wireless
technology. While
a variety of micropayment issues remain unresolved, the future trend of wireless
micropayments seems hopeful.

UNITED STATES: Marketing Technologies and Practices Offer Outsourcing Providers
(India)
the Next Competitive Advantage
(By Abel Stephen)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-04.htm

The networked global marketplace is one of four trends that have significantly
affected
world trade. One resultant issue is that of outsourcing. India can maintain its
existing pre-
eminence as an outsourcing provider by carefully and speedily evolving two
critical areas;
namely, native communications/infrastructure technologies as well the marketing
technologies/practices specifically geared for the Internet medium.

TRINIDAD: Socio-Legal Issues Affecting the Use of Digital Signatures for Secure
E-
Commerce Transactions: A Caribbean Perspective
(By Richard M. Escalante)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0403-05.htm

This article examines the socio-legal issues surrounding the role of digital
signatures as
an internet technology for secure e-commerce transactions in Caribbean
developing
countries. It highlights the view that as internet technologies become more
affordable in
developing countries, the societal changes surrounding digital signatures will
be even
greater than that of developed countries. Further, the increasing use of
internet
technology in electronic transactions raises the issue of the legality of these
transactions.

OMAN: Adoption and Use of Internet Banking in the Sultanate of Oman: An
Exploratory
Study
(Imtiyaz Al-Sabbagh and Alemayehu Molla)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-07.asp

The aim of this paper is to explore the drivers and inhibitors of customers'
Internet
banking adoption in the Sultanate of Oman. Data from 225 respondents were used
to
address the aim. Our preliminary findings indicate that, in Oman, only two banks
offer
Internet banking services to customers. The main drivers of adoption appear to
be
compatibility, usefulness and ease of use. The extent of use is affected by lack
of
government support, poor quality of connection and page loading speed. Trust and
face-
to-face personal banking preference have been found as major inhibitors of IB
adoption.
Some preliminary implications for practitioners are highlighted.

INDIA: Adoption of Internet Banking: An Empirical Investigation of the Indian
Banking
Sector
(By Balwinder Singh and Pooja Malhotra)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-08.asp

The tremendous advances in technology and the aggressive infusion of information
technology had brought in a paradigm shift in banking operations. Internet
banking that
has revolutionized the banking industry worldwide has turned out to be the
nucleus issue
of various studies all over the world. However there has constantly been a
literature gap
on the issue in India. The purpose of this paper is to help fill significant
gaps in knowledge
about the Internet banking landscape in India.

NETHERLANDS: The Customer Relations Government: The Quality of Electronic
Municipal
Services in the Netherlands
(By M Wissinkand A. J. G. M. van Montfort)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-09.asp

Municipalities in the Netherlands and all other industrialized countries are
expected to
increase their adeptness and efficiency on the digital highway. It is expected
that there will
be a continual increase in the level of digital services provided by
municipalities for
members of the public and businesses. However, will the municipalities live up
to the high
expectations?

INDIA: Maneuvering Best Business Practices to Improve the Quality of
E-Governance
Services
(By Kapil Mohan Garg, Nikhil Agarwal, and Arun Mohan Sherry)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-10.asp

The essence of E-Governance, as the new evolving form of governance, is clearly
evident
with the emergence of pro-active knowledge societies. The Governments will have
no
choice to constantly improvise to bring in greater efficiency, accountability
and
transparency in their functioning. The truth rests on the pragmatic ground that
web
services are slower and complicated wheel of distributed infrastructure laced by
low
bandwidth which is the most serious impediment to scalability of web based
services. The
study of this paper focuses on to imply the best business practices to improve
the quality
of web based value added services.

========================
Book Review:
========================

CANADA: "Sales Force Management in the Financial Services"
(By Paul S. Bates)
Reviewed by Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0406-05.asp

This is one of the most interesting and intelligent books that I have read on
the subject of
marketing/sales in quite some time. This small book with the clear practical
focus is
packed with surprisingly thoughtful and insightful text and action templates. It
is
especially welcomed in the subject area that can't boast that many texts raised
above the
pep talk of shallow motivational variety. Well-structured organization of sales
is indeed
critical for functioning of any modern enterprise, especially the ones that
deals with the
financial services.

Paul K. Bates is currently Dean and Industry Professor in Financial Management
Services at
the DeGroote School of Business at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. An
experienced entrepreneur and ex-President of Charles Schwab Canada, he was
recognized
by Investment Executive Magazine in 2000 as Canada's most influential broker of
the year.
Bates also hosted Canada's Money Show, a nationwide call-in radio program.

This book mainly focuses on the organization of consistent execution of
financial services,
as the author's research shows that many great companies failed mainly due to
the
inconsistency of execution rather than the lack of great strategic plans. As
well, the
concept of selling through building personal relationships is critical. Still,
by far the most
important book's statement is that for financial service companies to compete in
the
emerging re-regulated marketplace, the sales culture must be embraced.

A somewhat unexpected focus of this book is on treating a branch of the
financial
institution as a standalone business unit, indeed a franchise. In contrast, many
marketing
books are directed towards the change in the corporate headquarters, often
implying that
the branch's own sales potential is limited or even nonexistent. Bates confronts
this
challenge by showing how to assess the opportunities in the branch's trading
area and
than to focus the team's effort on the conversion of those opportunities into
sales results,
one practical step at the time. In the financial institutions, profitability can
be increased by
building the clients' base and than cross-selling it to get the maximum profits.

Bates does not have many illusions in regards to the proactive sales culture,
which is
somewhat foreign to the conventional financial institutions where cross-selling
and
relationship marketing have almost never been done in the past. His ideas on
providing
right level of service to the clients, focusing on strategic objectives,
managing the
assigned activities and monitoring accountabilities are perhaps not that new.
However, the
set of processes and simple but effective business tools described in this book
might be of
great help to all financial service and sales managers who aim to radically
improve
profitability and business survival of their business units or financial
corporations.

My only disappointment with this book comes from the fact that the analysis and
tools
that it provides are mainly covering the end of the old "brick-and-mortar
branch" banking
paradigm. Important as it is, today's and tomorrow's financial institutions have
to find
equally effective sales methods in the brand new world of transactional global
services
where relationship-based communication is paradoxically far more challenging and
where
standalone business units are no longer relevant.

The challenge of building the clients' base through relationship marketing and
of cross-
selling personal relationships has to be resolved anew in the Internet world. As
well, we
need novel and far more effective ways to support relationship sales culture
using modern
CRM tools. It's hardly a secret that up till now CRM has largely been
unsuccessful in
radically improving profitability of financial services. Hopefully future books
on this
subject will be able to address these issues based on the practical experience
accumulated
to date.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 9 No. 3, December 2004
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp


========================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann and Editor-in-Chief Gord Jenkins
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/0412-edit.HTM
========================

Once again we start from the most important by asking each and every one of you,
our readers and subscribers, to email JIBC to at least three of your colleagues,
friends and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend that
they also subscribe!

As well, we are challenging all the current and past authors and editors to
email your articles along with the rest of JIBC edition to at least 10 of your
peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure they are
aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce!
Recommend that they also subscribe.

***

This issue is especially professionally mature and conceptually interesting. As
usual, we have a number of articles from all over the world. Most of them are
providing a highly desirable mix of quantitative analysis and qualitative
conclusions. All are highly applicable to the emerging areas of Internet
commerce, banking and governance, as well as marketing, law, procurement and
security/privacy.

In the future issues of JIBC we would like to maintain the momentum of edgy
results that characterizes this publication. At the same time we want to see
more of the overviews and surveys on the global situation with Internet commerce
and banking. Please send us brief lists and reviews of world-leading ecommerce,
e-governance and IP-law academic programs. Send us articles on the activities of
academic and applied research groups and on industrial, public and voluntary
sectors' innovation teams that you are familiar with or participate at,
especially as it relates to ecommerce issues. Feel free to involve any expert
on this exciting subject anywhere in the world. Challenge them to write for
JIBC.

Both the JIBC Publisher and Editor-in-Chief would like to use this occasion to
thanks again our authors, our volunteer contributing editors and, especially,
Assistant Editor Xin "Robert" Luo who despite his busy educational schedule
found time to manage placing of new articles on JIBC Web site, as well as
Mailing List Managing Editor Anne-Marie Jennings who for the last 18 months is
successfully managing our Yahoo mailing list. Your dedicated effort is much
appreciated!

***

Let's spread the word!


========================
Urgent Message from India Contributing Editor Nikhil Agarwal:
How can you help Tsunami Victims?
========================

Millions of people around the Indian Ocean are scrambling for food and clean
water, with the threat of disease now stalking survivors of the most devastating
tsunami on record.

The official death toll soared to nearly 80,000 on Thursday, but the true scale
of the disaster may not be known for days, or even weeks, as rescuers struggled
to reach stricken areas and grieving survivors searched for relatives.

"I would not be at all surprised that we will be on 100,000 (deaths) when we
know what has happened on the (Indian) Andaman and Nicobar islands," Peter Rees
of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
said.

Countries around the world sent rescue teams, food and millions of dollars in
aid to the hardest-hit nations of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand to
cope with the aftermath of the century's worst natural disaster.

Thousands of bodies rotting in the tropical sun were tumbled into mass graves.
Contaminated water, ruptured sewage systems and mosquito-borne diseases now
stalk those who survived the monster wave on Sunday, triggered by a 9.0
magnitude underwater quake off the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

"Perhaps as many as 5 million people are not able to access what they need for
living," David Nabarro, who heads the World Health Organisation's health crisis
team, told Reuters. "Either they cannot get water, or their sanitation is
inadequate or they cannot get food."

We appeal to the citizens of the world to HELP the people in NEED. Make this New
Year 'Happy' for those, who want food, water and living. Imagine surviving
without basic necessities, without a family. Professors., staff and students of
our college has decided to give away one week salary to relief fund. Your little
help can make the difference. Contribute generously.

You can send your cheques / drafts in any currencies in favour of "RELIEF FUND
FOR TSUNAMI VICTIMS" payable at New Delhi, India. Kindly send your contribution
to the following address:

Relief Fund For Tsunami Victims
c/o Prof. Nikhil Agarwal
R - 7/22, Rajnagar
Ghaziabad 201001
INDIA
Ph: +91-9810216826

PS: Kindly forward and circulate this email to your friends and organization all
over. Remember each and every penny will make a difference to the millions of
people who are fighting to LIVE.
--
Nikhil Agarwal
Assistant Professor,
Institute of Management Technology (IMT),
INDIA
<nikhil.jibc@...>
#+91-9810216826,9850391092
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portfolio theory, macro-economics and finance, international finance,
international trade, techniques in international trade, international taxation,
mathematical finance, econometric issues, statistics, electronic payment,
Internet banking, finance and the new economy, financial liberalization and
innovation, transition economies and their problems, open economic issues,
foreign direct and portfolio investment, e-commerce, etc.  Electronic
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========================
REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS
========================

UNITED KINGDOM: Identity Cards and Financial Services: How Will the
Introduction of ID
Cards Affect Financial Services Providers?
(By Dave Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/birch.htm

It is clear that without significant change the identity problem will only get
worse. In a recent US case, what the authorities there call the biggest case of
identity theft ever, just two men orchestrated an identity fraud that hit 30,000
Americans and netted $50 million. The financial services sector is at the
forefront of the fight. More than half of all identity fraud in the US relates
to banking and, as the fraudsters become more widespread and more wise, banks
and other financial services providers will find more and more of their
resources being tied up by identity problems of all kinds. The problem of
identity and identity management can only increase in priority and trying to
solve it by asking customers to remember more and more passwords is a waste of
time.

MALAYSIA: Wavs of Multimedia Banking Development
(By VP.Vijayan, Vignesen Perumal and Bala Shanmugam)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/Vijayan.HTM

This exploratory study on the rise of multimedia banking highlights the 'waves'
of development experienced by the banking industry, the initial step being the
ATM wave, followed by the PC wave and finally the E-cash wave all of which have
revolutionized the banking industry. In addition, the opportunities and threats
for banks as a result of new technology are examined as well as the existing
remedies to these threats.

MALAYSIA: Internet Banking: Boon or Bane?
(By Vignesen Perumal and Bala Shanmugam)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/Perumal.HTM

There is little doubt that the Internet has revolutionized the entire
communication system. As much as banking involves communication in one way or
the other, banks have joined the communication bandwagon. Having observed the
astronomical growth rate and acknowledging the potential banks adapting and
often adapting the Internet to suit their functions and roles. As in any new
venture there are setbacks in terms of issue of security and associated costs.
As a consequence banks are working towards remedying these shortcomings so as to
take full advantage of the digital revolution.

USA: The Phishing Hook: Issues and Reality
(By Qinyu Liao and Xin Luo)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/Phishing.HTM

Phishing attacks have become increasingly serious and spread more rapidly
because of its ease of launching, difficulties to be caught and the monetary
benefit behind it. As currently there is no single technology that has been
effective in deterring phishing, the authors pointed out the trends in
prevention of phishing and emphasized the importance of preventive measures,
such as awareness education, collaboration in information sharing and
standardization, legal enforcement etc.

INDIA: Cyber Branding: An Exploratory Study of Virtual Organizations
(By Smriti Yash Verma and Nikhil Agarwal)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/Nikhil.HTM

Virtual organizations are those that do not have any brick-and-mortar structure,
thus enhancing the need of physical evidences. In this case, branding takes the
front seat to successfully pose the site on the Internet. The present study was
undertaken to understand and analyze the factors affecting e-branding. It has
been observed that "Downloading Speed" and Logo & Punch Line" are most preferred
attributes for branding on Internet.


========================
FEATURE ARTICLES
========================

BELGIUM: Electronic Invoicing: More Than Just VAT Aspects
(By Edwin Jacobs)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/Jacobs131204.HTM

European legislation facilitates that companies start using electronic
invoicing. The aim of the European E-invoice Directive was to introduce some
uniform rules regarding VAT throughout the European Union. Some other important
legal aspects, such as the probative value of an e-invoice, endorsement,
e-invoices in bankruptcy proceedings,remain often unexamined. EU Member State
law can be construed and interpreted according to the European Directives, for
legal issues not covered by the E-invoice Directive. When the security issues
are covered, such as the authenticity of the origin and the integrity of the
contents (i.e. essential requirements of the E-invoice Directive), so that
can be assured that the invoice remains unchanged and readable, e-invoices and
paper invoices should have the same legal value.

SINGAPORE: Strong(er) User Identification
(By Tan Teik Guan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/Guan.HTM

As more people use the electronic and Internet platform to carry out more
sensitive and higher valued transactions, the need for organizations that
operate such systems to have the ability to remotely ascertain the identity of
the user becomes extremely critical. In this paper, some of the questions that
organizations must ask when sourcing for 2-factor authentication solutions, and
show that with a flexible solution, 2-factor authentication need not be painful
or costly are highlighted.

SWEDEN: End-to-End Management in ICT Managed Services
(By Isto Kannisto)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2004-12/KannistoIsto.asp

The change of outsourcing business has transformed from the outsourcing of
generic IT services to the outsourcing of specific IT services Information
System Outsourcing. The basic need of the customer is to find an adaptable and
comprehensive Information and Communication Technology (ICT) management
solution. Service Providers have to ensure end-to-end service is protected, all
the elements must be included, physical protection to the core communications
infrastructure, including network equipment, routers, switches, servers and so
on, back-up power sources located in bunkers, virtually defence-level
protection, have to be available to ensure uninterrupted network operation.


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====================
Administrative Notice
====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic commerce
professionals and executives on principal developments, benchmark practices, and
future trends in the Internet-based marketing practices of governments and
industry. This free online interactive journal is a way to keep in touch, to
share information, and to establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide
professionals that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking
solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based banking
and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our priority is
quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a service that provides
substantial information and an effective forum for your articles, your letters,
your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals, academicians and
publishers to submit important announcements, original articles, guest columns
and significant feature presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and
letters to the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email summary of
current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full text of current
articles is posted on the JIBC
Web site at http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking and
Commerce Initiatives at http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm. We
invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books, and services
that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development. Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains
all articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Gord Jenkins with any questions or comments by
email at:
jenkins@...

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.

Editorial Advisory Board

Publisher: Nahum Goldmann

Chief Editor: Gord Jenkins

Assistant Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
U.K. Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
Nordic Countries Contributing Editor: Minna Mattila
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
India Contributing Editor: Nikhil Agarwal
Middle East Contributing Editor: Saheer Al-Jaghoub
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut


Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 10 No. 1 Spring 2005
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp


========================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/0505-Publ.HTM
========================

I start by recommending to all JIBC readers, and especially senior executives,
professionals
and academics, to consider active participation at the First Global Conference
on
Effectiveness, Profitability, Accountability and Investment Climate of
eCommerce, eFinance
and eGovernance (eCommerce Effectiveness and Profitability 2006) that JIBC is
sponsoring,
see www.micromarktech.com/ecep2006/. Thanks to dedicated effort by Prof. Nikhil
Agarwal, Head of ECEP 2006 Organizing Committee and his capable team, this event
promises to become a major global milestone in the history of ecommerce academic
research and advanced practice.

I would like to use this opportunity to thank Gord Jenkins, our retiring Chief
Editor.  His
leadership has always been much appreciated and he will be still a large part of
the
editorial team.  From now on Gord will be listed as the Founding Chief
Editor-Emeritus and
Member of the Editorial Board on the JIBC Web site.  We all hope he will support
JIBC and,
more important, that his wife and himself still enjoy good health in the years
to come.

With Gord leaving, I am pleased to announce that Prof. Nikhil Agarwal, currently
our India
Contributing Editor, has graciously agreed to become JIBC new Chief Editor.  As
some of
you might know, Nik is currently quite busy with setting up JIBC-sponsored
eCommerce
Effectiveness and Profitability 2006 conference in Goa as the Head of its
Organizing
Committee.

Nik has interesting plans for our Journal, particularly to move it towards a
refereed
academic publication, or at least some parts of it.  He thinks it's a great
opportunity for us
to bring JIBC to a new level and increase its visibility and circulation, making
it a definitive
publication in its subject area.  In that, he would have to fill very large
shoes of Gord, our
Founding Chief Editor whose relentless drive brought JIBC to the current
positive state of
development.

Again, I'd much appreciate it if you give Nik your active support and advise him
on how to
achieve these challenging objectives.

A good news is that this JIBC issue is among the best. A bad news is that my
Internet
provider's filters marked it as spam. This is quite serious, as they use just
common
standard filter software.  It means that possibly half of our readers will not
be able to get
the email edition.

Frankly, it is meaningless for us to find out what the filter does not like.
Perhaps it is the
word "ecommerce" repeated many times.  Even if we change it and find what
triggers it,
these filters readjust hourly and hence we are doomed.  This is a direct result
of spammers
making life miserable for legitimate users, which is their main goal anyway.

The only practical solution that I can see is for our Mailing List Managing
Editor Anne-
Marie Jennings to issue ahead a very brief message to watch for JIBC being
issued in the
next 24 hours so our readers can look at their filter reject boxes, if they
would like to read
the new JIBC issue.  The penalty is that it effectively doubles the number of
emails that we
are issuing in a year.

What do you think?  Do any of you see a better solution?  Please email our new
Chief Editor
or me if you see it.

I enjoyed reading all the articles in the new issue; frankly, it is one of the
main perks of
being a member of the JIBC Editorial Board. As a researcher, the closest ones to
my own
subject of interest are two articles by Tom Buschman and Niki Panourgias on the
new role
of corporate treasuries and the development of globally connected financial
services; as
well as by Kalyan Chakravarthy Bondugula and Akash Maiti on the future of SWIFT;
both
are first class and I and my colleagues could definitely learn from them.

Edwin Jacobs provided an exhaustive review of the leading academic ICT-law
programs in
the European Union. It would be interesting to publish similar reviews for all
the others
vertical and geographic segments or global ecommerce, ebanking and ebusiness.
Joachim
Zentes described activities of the Institute for Commerce & International
Marketing at the
Saarland University. My request to all our readers to consider supplying similar
reference
and review materials to JIBC.

Again I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to
at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that you are
participating at,
and recommend that they also subscribe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your articles
-- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of your peers and
colleagues in
academia, government and industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and
the
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce! Recommend that they also subscribe to
email
editions. After all, we only send it around 2-3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your
professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and
tell everybody to subscribe.

Let's spread the word!


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Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce is pleased to announce the First Global
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Climate of
eCommerce, eFinance and eGovernance (eCommerce Effectiveness and Profitability
2006).
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\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT -------------------/


========================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Gordon Jenkins
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/Editorial%20Spring%202005%
20JIBC.HTM
========================

As I mentioned in previous Editorials, every once in a while it is time to
update and revamp
-- to keep the good but add new ideas. We have been doing this in the last two
edition-
hopefully you have noticed.

The Editorial Team has been emphasizing having a broader or global perspective
-- rather
than a North America/Europe centric focus.

We have now new regular contributing editors this edition for – in alphabetical
order –
Australia, Africa, Japan, Malaysia, Middle East, Singapore and one on security
based in the
U.K. Please check out:
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/editors.asp
for their names and background. Of both the new ones plus our "old" ones.

We are still looking for someone from South America and the Caribbean to round
out the
global perspective.

I would particularly also like to thank the support of the publisher Nahum
Goldmann and
the Assistant Editor Robert Xin Luo.

Read, enjoy and give us your feedback on how we are doing.

Well this is my last Editorial for JIBC as I will be -- as they say -- moving
on.

I have enjoyed my almost 10 years of the "on again -- off again" Editor of JIBC.

The Journal of Internet Banking now -- with this issue -- is where I always
wanted it to be
-- a global respected Journal on internet banking and commerce. This excellent
Edition
proves JIBC is almost there.

And always leave when you are on top -- and this Edition is "tops".

Enjoy.

Regards

Gord Jenkins
Editor JIBC


========================
REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS
========================

UNITED KINGDOM: Phishing - What it is and How it Will Eventually be Dealt With
(By Ian Grigg)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/jibc_phishing.HTM
Phishing is an attack on the user and her browser. Addressing phishing
necessarily means
changing the browser, and this creates tensions between those who lose money -
users
and ecommerce sites - and those who need to do the work - browser manufacturers.

UNITED KINGDOM: Identity Cards and Financial Services: How Will the Introduction
of ID
Cards Affect Financial Services Providers
(By David Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/birch.htm
We are awash with new payment mechanisms (everything from mobile phones using
infrared to RFID tokens and from Peppercoin to Simpay in the online world).
Attention is
becoming more concentrated, however, with RFID (contactless microprocessor smart
cards) beginning to dominate mind share. RFID has been used successfully in a
range of
programmes, including the Oyster Transport Card in London, UK, the Octopus Card
in
Hong Kong and the MasterCard PayPass programme in the USA. Note the examples:
while
the international schemes are all developing their RFID offerings, for many
people, RFID
isn't really new.

BELGIUM: Some Leading Academic ICT-law Programmes in the European Union
(By Edwin Jacobs)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/EdwinJacobs010405.HTM
In this column we give a brief description of some leading academic programs
about ICT-
law in the European Union. On the PLOTEUS-website of the European Commission one
can
find all relevant information about studying in Europe in general. Via its
eLearning Action
Plan, the European Commission wants to encourage further use of electronic means
of
teaching and knowledge and use of ICT-technology as a whole. Some leading
European
universities have organised together a European Legal Informatics Study
Programme
(EULISP) leading to a LL.M. degree.

AUSTRALIA: Ten Tax Issues Relating to Conducting Business in Cyberspace
(By Dale Pinto)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/Dale.htm
The rise of Internet commerce will present a range of challenges for the
Australian
Taxation Office (ATO), as it will transcend state and national borders and
commerce will
become truly global in every sense. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and
more
consumers than ever before, will have the opportunity from the comfort of their
personal
computers or WebTVs, to buy and sell goods internationally.

MALAYSIA: Multimedia Banking and Technology Acceptance Theories
(By P. Vijayan, Vignesen Permual, and Bala Shanmugam)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/vignesan.htm
Human beings, being creatures of habit will probably view anything that is new
with
caution and suspicion. The same applies to multimedia banking. People are
cautious and
often downright reluctant to depart from traditional brick and mortar banks to
electronic
click and avatar banks. On the other hand, however with the threat of
globalization in
sight and possible squeezes in margins banks are attempting to 'push' clients
towards
multimedia banking.

CANADA: Entering the Internet Race: The Early Years of the Internet and Internet
Commerce in Japan
(By Carin Holroyd)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/Japan.HTM
Ten years ago, Japan lagged well behind in the race to capitalize on the
commercial and
other possibilities of the Internet. Cumbersome government regulations and an
Internet-
averse business community combined with aspects of Japanese society to make the
Internet less compelling in Japan than other countries. The advent of the mobile
Internet
resulted in an exponential growth in Japanese e-commerce and m-commerce,
vaulting the
country into the world lead in the development of profitable Internet-based
business
models. This essay summarizes the early history of the Internet in Japan and
outlines the
general contours of Internet commerce in the country.

SINGAPORE: Bridging Strong Authentication with PKI
(By Tan Teik Guan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/otpk.htm
With the banks investing heavily in strong 2-factor authentication
infrastructures for their
Internet Banking systems, there must be a greater business justification for
implementing
and maintaining this investment. This can be materialized through the banks
exploiting
the 'secured' Internet channel to carry out larger volume and higher-value
transactions
with their clients. The use of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) for digital
signatures on these
transactions will give the banks the legal recourse and protection (through the
digital
signature laws) to launch more products over the Internet or push for more
B-to-B
straight-through processing for greater business efficiencies.

UAE: Internet Banking: An Empirical Investigation Into the Extent of Adoption by
Banks and
the Determinant of Customer Satisfaction in the United Arab Emirates
(By Raed Awamleh and Cedwyn Fernandes)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/raedcedwyn1.HTM
Although the banking sector in the United Arab Emirates is a regional leader,
internet
banking in the United Arab Emirates is yet to be properly utilized as a real
added value
tool to improve customer relationship and to attain cost advantages. To identify
factors
influencing satisfaction of internet banking customers, data was collected from
internet
banking users in the United Arab Emirates. To examine the data, a factor
analyses and
multiple regression analyses were conducted. It was revealed that convenience
and
security of internet banking transactions have a significant impact on
satisfaction. The
effects of age, gender, number of years as an internet banking user were also
explored.
Security of internet banking transactions was significant for those using
internet banking
for more than two years, while not for others. Implications of results were
discussed, and
future research directions outlined.

SOUTH AFRICA: Determinants of Internet and Cell Phone Banking Adoption in South
Africa
(By Irwin Brown and Alemayehu Molla)
www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/brown. HTM
More and more banks are turning to self-service technologies to provide
customers with
many channels to access products and services. Internet and cell phone are some
of the
least cost and increasingly popular financial services delivery channels. In
developing
countries though, the level of information and communications technology
development,
the cost of Internet and the limited bandwidth of mobile networks and other
access
technologies constrain such innovation. In this paper, we explore the factors
that affect
Internet and Cell Phone banking adoption in South Africa. We also compare the
differences
in the perception of Internet banking and cell phone banking and the influence
factors.
The findings indicate that both the adoption intent and the perception of
Internet banking
users differ markedly from cell phone banking users. The results are discussed
and some
implications for banks are outlined.


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========================
FEATURE ARTICLES
========================

UNITED KINGDOM: Applying Standardised, Interoperable and Innovative Automated
Solutions: Corporate Treasuries and the Development of Globally Connect
Financial
Services
(By Tom Buschman and Nikiforas S. Panourgias)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/buschman.HTM
Large multinational corporations operate in a wide variety of countries with a
range of
risks associated with their size, infrastructures and operational practices.
Increasingly
ubiquitous and powerful ICTs have enabled the centralisation of many support
functions
from local operations to the corporate headquarters. This, in turn, has led to a
concentration of contracting for financial services with global and strong
regional banks,
primarily in Western countries by corporate treasuries. In this context, the
development
and adoption of standardisation in informational linkages can become a crucial
component in remote and centralised decision-making by providing a mechanism for
re-
engaging financial service providers in emerging markets in the execution of
financial
services with limited intermediation from global or regional banks. Prime broker
services,
for example, combined with an efficient processing of transactions, can
facilitate enhanced
international market access for local financial institutions by providing the
necessary credit
intermediation between multinational corporations and local financial
institutions.

MALAYSIA: Internet Activities Among Malaysian Insurance Companies
(By Ainin Sulaiman, Noor Ismawati Jaafar and Tee Chee Kiat)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/jaafar.htm
The Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara of Malaysia) has established
guidelines that
allow insurers to offer their services online. This study describes the extent
of Internet
usage among Malaysian insurers. Some insurers have already begun to use the
Internet to
conduct their daily business transactions, some are in the midst of planning to
use and
some do not have plan to use at all. Many of them stated that security, customer
readiness
and cost of initial investment were important considerations when deciding to
adopt
Internet technologies.

MALAYSIA: The Profiling of the Internet Banking Adopter
(By Kooi Guan Cheah, Sanmugan A. AmBank, and Soon Yin Tan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-02/profiling.HTM
The change of outsourcing business has transformed from the outsourcing of
generic IT
services to the outsourcing of specific IT services Information System
Outsourcing. The
basic need of the customer is to find an adaptable and comprehensive Information
and
Communication Technology (ICT) management solution. Service Providers have to
ensure
end-to-end service is protected, all the elements must be included, physical
protection to
the core communications infrastructure, including network equipment, routers,
switches,
servers and so on, back-up power sources located in bunkers, virtually
defence-level
protection, have to be available to ensure uninterrupted network operation.

MALAYSIA: Incorporating Electronic Business Initiatives in Health Services and
Health
Tourism: A Case Study of Malaysia
(By Mohammed Talh and Abdullah Sallehhuddin Abdullah Salim
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/Talha.htm
The Internet has resulted in the emergence of virtual markets with four primary
distinctive
characteristics, which are real time, shared, open and global. Incorporating
E-business
initiatives in health services aims to go beyond the traditional modes of
healthcare delivery
and instead, provide greater access to better and higher quality healthcare. It
is achieved
by grabbing opportunities of enhanced multimedia and information technologies
and
developing new technological solutions. In addition, E-business initiative is
incorporated
in enhancing health tourism sector through cost cutting strategies and improving
quality
of patients' care.

USA: SWIFT: Can This Elephant Dance?
(By Kalyan Chakravarthy Bondugula)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/chakravarthy.htm
"The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (S.W.I.F.T.) is
a
Brussels-based, member-owned body that aims to provide low-cost, competitive
financial
processing and communication services while maintaining high levels of quality,
integrity,
reliability, and security. SWIFT has been relatively successful in meeting the
expectations
of its members. However, rapid disruptive changes in technology have facilitated
emergence of a new breed of challengers. This has forced SWIFT to react quickly
and
adopt a new strategic posture to not only retain its dominant position in the
banking
messaging space but also improve its position in securities and corporate
messaging
markets.

GERMANY: Multi-Channel Retailing
(By Hanna Schramm-Klein and Dirk Morschett)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/schramm-klein.htm
Multi-channel retailing entails the parallel use by retailing enterprises of
several sales
channels. The results of an online buyer survey which has been conducted to
investigate
the impact of multi-channel retailing (i.e. the use of several retail channels
by one retail
company) on consumer behaviour show that the frequently expressed concern that
the
application of multi-channel systems in retailing would be associated with
cannibalization
effects, has proven unfounded. Indeed, the appropriate degree of similarity,
consistency,
integration and agreement achieves the exact opposite. Different channels create
different
advantages for consumers. Therefore the total benefit an enterprise which has a
multi-
channel system can offer to its consumers is larger, the greater the number of
available
channels. The use of multi-channel systems is associated with additional
purchases in the
different channels. Such systems are thus superior to those offering only one
sales channel
to their customers. Furthermore, multi-channel systems with integrated channels
are
superior to those in which the channels are essentially autonomous and
independent of
one another. In integrated systems, consumers can achieve synergy effects in the
use of
sales-channel systems. Accordingly, when appropriately formulated, multi-channel
systems in retailing impact positively on consumers. They use the channels more
frequently, buy more from them and there is a positive customer-loyalty impact.
Multi-
channel systems are strategic options for achieving customer loyalty, exploiting
customer
potential and for winning new customers. They are thus well suited for
approaching
differing and varied target groups.

GERMANY: Institute for Commerce & International Marketing at the Saarland
University,
Germany: A Research Center in the Field of Retail Management and E-Commerce
(By Joachim Zentes)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-02/zentes.htm
The Institute for Commerce & International Marketing (formerly: Institute for
International
Marketing) at the Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany, was established in
1991. Its
director is Prof. Dr. Joachim Zentes. The first activity of the institute is
university
education. The institute is at the same time closely connected to one of the
chairs of
business administration at Saarland University. About 150 to 200 students per
semester
are educated in lessons on retail management, logistics and IT, international
marketing
and international business. In addition to the undergraduate program, the
researchers of
the institute are involved in the activities of the so called Europa-Institute
at the Saarland
University, a MBA-program, in which graduate students from all over the world
are taught
in all aspects of international business, with a special focus on the European
integration
process.

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====================
Administrative Notice
====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic commerce
professionals and executives on principal developments, benchmark practices, and
future
trends in the Internet-based marketing practices of governments and industry.
This free
online interactive journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and
to establish
business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals that specialize in
electronic
commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based banking
and
electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our priority is quality,
not quantity.
We want to maintain JIBC as a service that provides substantial information and
an
effective forum for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals, academicians and
publishers
to submit important announcements, original articles, guest columns and
significant
feature presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to the
Editor.
Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of expertise will be kept to
an absolute
minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email summary of
current
articles is distributed to subscribers. The full text of current articles is
posted on the JIBC
Web site at http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking and
Commerce
Initiatives at
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books, and services
that they
think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY
Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed are those of the authors
and are
not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development. Firms or individuals interested in
sharing
sponsorship of this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains
all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by
email at:
nikhil.jibc@...

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


Editorial Board
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/editors.asp

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Chief Editor: Gord Jenkins

Chief Editor-Designate: Prof. Nikhil Agarwal

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord Jenkins

Assistant Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
U.K. Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
India Contributing Editor: Nikhil Agarwal
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut

Please send any questions related to maintenance of the Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

/---------------------ADVERTISEMENT -------------------\
CALL FOR PAPERS: eCommerce Effectiveness and Profitability 2006,
Jan 27-29 2006, Goa, India
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce is pleased to announce the First Global
Conference on Effectiveness, Profitability, Accountability and Investment
Climate of
eCommerce, eFinance and eGovernance (eCommerce Effectiveness and Profitability
2006).
The Theme of the Conference will be "Executive Decision Making: Improving dialog
between the industry, investors, academia and governments". This essential
conference
seeks to establish a vibrant and constructive global dialogue between senior
industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government policymakers and leading
academics
on how to radically improve eCommerce effectiveness and profitability.  Papers
will be
published in the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce.
http://www.micromarktech.com/ecep2006/
\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT -------------------/

Did you get the latest edition of the JIBC Newsletter?

Our latest edition was sent out on Monday, but if did not yet receive
your copy, take another look in your mailbox.If you have a filter
program running, make sure our newsletter hasn't been put in the wrong
place.

We hope you enjoy our latest issue of the JIBC Newsletter, and that
you continue to look out for more in the future.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol 10 No. 2 Summer 2005
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp

========================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2005-08/0508-Publ.HTM
========================


  JIBC is clearly growing in the stature and readership, which is quite
encouraging. Our new Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and the renewed
Editorial Board have come up with a number of great ideas on
repositioning the Journal as a true leader in global ecommerce,
increasing its academic level and visibility and attracting new
readers. Again, I appeal to our readers and contributors to actively
support Prof. Agarwal and advise him on how to achieve JIBC
challenging objectives.

Again I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at
least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and the Journal of
Internet Banking and Commerce! Recommend that they also subscribe to
email editions. After all, we only send it around 3 times a year.

A special appeal to e-Commerce/e-Business students to pass a word
about JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to
ask them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Let's spread the word!

=============================================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/Editorial.asp
=============================================


First thing first! JIBC is going places. In last few months our
subscription has increased by 57%, this is an interesting growth.
Interesting from two perspectives, one better penetration among
academic/industry community and second quality of the publication. As
an academician, my personal focus is on quality (penetration becomes
the by-product).

Recently, flurry of floods have swept Mumbai, which is considered to
be financial capital and hub of outsourcing in India. Mumbai
contributes 40% of India's corporate tax revenues. The deluge
destroyed properties worth billions and resulted in the loss of
several man-hours of productivity. Thousands of people died and the
resulted cost of devastation & rehabilitation is estimated to be more
than USD 50 bn.

Last December, entire South Asia including India was devastated by
Tsunami and this year it was floods. Central Government has cut all
additional spending to facilitate relief work. Therefore, we have
decided to reschedule ECEP2006 to the winter of 2006-2007. There is
silver lining in the sky. Despite of all losses, Indian economy
continues to grow with 7% annually and Bombay Stock Exchange (BsE)
sensex touching record 8000 mark, jump of almost 100% compared to last
year. At JIBC, we are committed to back our business associates,
sponsors, government and affected people to get their life back on
track.

We have auspicious plans for JIBC. From year 2006 onwards, JIBC would
be a completely peer reviewed Journal. Our editorial board is sharing
similar opinion. Dr. Alemayehu Molla suggested creation of referral
board consisting of academicians/executives across the related
discipline. Dr. Dale Pinto suggested of starting international
relationships with universities and companies to share their research
and works. These are indeed optimistic ideas. We will work towards
them together in a close-knit team.

We are a dedicated and intelligent team comprising of some of the best
brains in the world. Now it's a time to expand and find out members
who are worthy of joining our exclusive family. I want you to refer
colleagues from different regions that would like to share our
philosophy of being innovative, different and ahead of time. We wish
to invite them on our Editorial board.

In the current issue, we have received array of articles from all
corner of the world. Edwin Jacobs has given insights of EEMA and its
work on legal issues of e-Business in EU. In another article, Edwin
highlighted the legal angle of Sarbanes Oxley Act in the European
Union and its obligation on corporate.

Dr. Larry Harris in his article has explained the importance of
integrating precision search into an existing eCommerce
infrastructure. An interesting point is covered by Chai Lee Goi about
the marketing mix, segregating it from the traditional thinking.
Alamushi, Boon Yan Heap, NVM Rao and Norizan M Kassim have given
holistic analysis of different banking systems & eCommerce activities
in China, Malaysia, India and Qatar. Francis de Clippele has
brilliantly explained the law on electronic medical transcription in
EU.

I invite all academicians, researchers, and executives to participate
in our 'flight' towards academic & business excellence. I want to
thank our all authors, JIBC team and our readers for their dedicated
effort to make JIBC truly world class.

Your comments and views are solicited. You can directly write to me at
nikhil.jibc(at)gmail.com. Kindly, circulate this issue within your
network.

Prof. Nikhil Agarwal
SP Jain Institute of Management & Research (SPJIMR)
Mumbai, India

==========================
GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES
==========================


BELGIUM: EEMA: Focus on Technical and Legal Issues of e-Business in
the European Union
(By Edwin Jacobs)
http://www.aaraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/EdwinJacobs_EEMA_210705,asp

EEMA is Europe's leading independent association for e-Business and
promotes collaboration concerning all technical (ICT), legal and
business aspects of e-business. EEMA puts the emphasis on today's
practical issues. In this respect, EEMA's Legal Interest Group, headed
by Prof. Jos Dumortier, focuses on all legal aspects of e-business,
i.e. electronic signature, e-invoice, identity management, security
legislation (e.g. Sarbanes Oxley in the EU), privacy, etc. On November
22nd and 23 rd this year EEMA will organise a two-day seminar about
electronic invoicing and electronic archiving in Brussels.


CHINA: Current Development Situation of e-Commerce in China
(By Alamusi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/china.htm

The Chinese government puts a great deal of emphasis on E-Commerce
work extremely. Generally speaking, the China E-Commerce market
contains huge commercial opportunity, the development prospect of
which is extremely broad. The relevant organizations are complying
with and guiding commercial transformation tendency, absorbing latest
international achievement of technical platform, payment system,
creditability system, platform construction and safety guarantee
system in E-Commerce, further optimizing the external environment, and
speeding up development and innovating application complying with
national features.


USA: B2B Marketers Integrate Precision Search to Boost Profitability
and Increase Satisfaction Across the e-Commerce Value Chain
(By Larry R. Harris)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/Harris.asp

This article will describe the central role that site search and
navigation plays in B2B eCommerce, as well as the defining
characteristics of a successful search implementation from both a
technical and marketing perspective. This article will also outline
how integrating precision search into an existing eCommerce
infrastructure can result in higher productivity, streamlined
processes, increased conversion rates, greater commercial buyer and
partner satisfaction, and higher profits per transaction.


================
RESEARCH PAPERS
================


BELGIUM: Security as a Legal Obligation: About EU Legislation Related
to Security and Sarbanes Oxley in the European Union
(By Edwin Jacobs)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/security.htm

Since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act there is a worldwide focus on security
issues in general. This new focus seems to emphasize that security is
a new kind of legal obligation. However, security is already a legal
obligation for all EU companies since the early nineties. On top of
that, in electronic banking there is a whole range of legal
obligations in some way related to security, that were already (and
remain) applicable, notwithstanding a possible application of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act on some EU companies. The criterion of what can be
'reasonably expected' as 'bonus pater familias' from service
providers, but equally also from their customers, becomes increasingly
important.


BELGIUM: The Law on Electronic Medical Prescription
(By Francois de Clippele)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/EMV.HTM

Health care is one of the most important economic and business areas.
The European Union has therefore worked out an e-health care strategy
to achieving stronger growth and increased effectiveness of services.
The application of information and communications technologies (ICT)
that affect the health care sector is developing fast in Europe. In
this respect various countries have launched pilot projects in order
to modernize their medical prescription practices. A model of the
electronic medical prescription must respect patient's rights and can
only be deployed in a system of security in order to protect the
confidentiality.


CANADA: Trust and Confidence and the Digital Economy: Issues and
Challenges
(By Prabir K. Neogi and Arthur J. Cordell)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/Negi.htm

Globalization and technological change continue to profoundly affect
economic growth and wealth creation. Information and Communications
Technologies (ICTs) have been a key enabler and driver of
globalization, which is likely to continue as trade and investment
barriers continue to fall and communications become ever cheaper,
easier and more functional. Every economy requires a physical,
institutional and legal infrastructure, as well as understandable and
enforceable marketplace rules, in order to function smoothly. In this
paper the authors maintain that such an infrastructure must be
developed for the new digital economy and society, one that provides
trust and confidence for all those who operate in or are affected by
it.


INDIA: Technical and Entrepreneurial Research Information System: An
Applied e-Model for Sustainable Entrepreneurship Development
(By Dhrupad Mathur)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/DhrupadMathur.asp

This article stresses on the need for an e-application like Technical
and Entrepreneurial Research Information System (TERIS), which enables
interaction among academia, industry and various agencies related to
researchers for sustainable entrepreneurship development. The
functional details of the model are also discussed. This article is
based on inputs with reference to the state of Rajasthan. However, the
model can very well be replicated elsewhere.


INDIA: A Framework for Evaluating e-Business Models and Productivity
Analysis for Banking Sector in India
(BY N.V.M. Rao, Prakash Singh ans Neeru Maheshwari)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/maheshwari.htm

This study is an effort to draw together some of the e-Business models
and real-life experiments that has been circling around the e-business
models. To study the sweeping changes brought about by e-initiative
measures in the banking sector some banks were chosen, from public
sector like SBI, BOB etc and from private sector like ICICI, HDFC etc.


MALAYSIA: Do Foreign Banks Lead in Internet Banking Services
(By Boon Han Yeap and Kooi Guan Cheah)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/JIBC
_yeap%20&%20cheah.asp

Internet banking has been increasingly used as a delivery channel in
retail consumer banking. As far as the provision of internet banking
services in developing countries is concerned, foreign banks
definitely enjoy distinct advantages over domestic banks due to their
experiences in other, more advanced financial markets. This paper
reports a study that examined the levels of retail internet banking
services provided by foreign and domestic commercial banks in Malaysia
over a period of two years. The study found that while foreign banks
are marginally more sophisticated at information provision level,
domestic banks offer a significantly higher level of transactional
facilities in both years.


MALYASIA: Marketing Mix: A Review of "P"
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/goi.HTM

There has been a lot of debate in identifying the list of marketing
mix elements. The traditional marketing mix by McCarthy (1964) has
regrouped Borden's (1965) 12 elements and has comprised to four
elements of product, price, promotion and place. A number of
researchers have additionally suggested adding people, process and
physical evidence decisions (Booms and Bitner, 1981; Fifield and
Gilligan, 1996). The other suggested Ps are personnel, physical assets
and procedures (Lovelock, 1996; Goldsmith, 1999); personalization
(Goldsmith, 1999); publications (Melewar and Saunders, 2000);
partnerships (Reppel, 2003); premium price, preference of company or
product, portion of overall customer budget and permanence of overall
relationship longevity (Arussy, 2005); and 2P+2C+3S formula (Otlacan,
2005), therefore personalisation, privacy, customer Service,
community, site, security and sales promotion.


QATAR: E-Banking Service Quality: Gaps in the Qatari Banking Industry
(By Norizan M. Kassim)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/KassimTry.asp

Financial liberalization and technology revolution have allowed the
developments of new and more efficient delivery and processing
channels as well as more innovative products and services in banking
industry. Banking institutions are facing competition not only from
each other but also from non-bank financial intermediaries as well as
from alternative sources of financing, such as the capital markets.
Another strategic challenge facing banking institutions today is the
growing and changing needs and expectations of consumers in tandem
with increased education levels and growing wealth. Consumers are
becoming increasingly discerning and have become more involved in
their financial decisions. For this reason, they are demanding a
broader range of products and services at more competitive prices
through more efficient and convenient channels. This study
investigates the discrepancy between customer's expectation and
perception towards the e-banking services.


USA/SINGAPORE: A Case Study of electronic Bill Presentment and Payment
(EBPP) Integration Using the CON Mediation Technology
(By Sajindra Jayasena and Stephane Bressan)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2005-08/Jayasema.asp

By its very nature, financial information, like the money that it
represents, changes hands. Therefore the interoperation of financial
information systems is the cornerstone of the financial services they
support. In this paper we illustrate the nature of the problem in the
Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment industry. In particular, we
describe and analyze the difficulty of the integration of services
using four different formats: IFX, OFX and SWIFT standards, and an
example proprietary format. We then propose an improved way to
accomplish this integration using the Context Interchange (COIN)
framework.


===============
Administrative Notice
===============


Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking
solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.

Editorial Board

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Chief Editor: Nikhil Agarwal

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus
   and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord Jenkins

Assistant Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
U.K. Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Nordic Countries Contributing Editor: Minna Mattila
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut


Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2005
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

========================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2006-02/0602-Publ.HTM
========================

JIBC started to be published in January 1996. To the best of my
knowledge, ours is the only academic/professional journal that has
been published on Internet for 10 uninterrupted years! Since 1996, the
Internet has seen the start of numerous interesting publications with
issue #1. Out of many thousands, ours is the only one with Vol. 10 in
the byline.

I would like to thank these authors and subscribers who have been with
us for all these 10 years. It was a bumpy ride both for our journal
and the e-Commerce business subject. Both matured considerably since
then, but there is still a long way to go.

Those of you who know Gord Jenkins, JIBC legendary Founding Chief
Editor-Emeritus and Member of Editorial Board (or just know people who
know Gord, or even heard of Gord but never talked to him) -- never
mind, do not hesitate to email Gord and pass your regards. I know that
Gord would much appreciate your personal messages and any nostalgic
feedback. Gord's seasoned but still young face and his email address
grace the recently refreshed JIBC Editorial Board page
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/editors.asp.

As well, with JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal, I would like to
greet several recently joined us contributing editors and wish them
(and us) productive editorial contribution and many happy returns for
the JIBC distinguished Editorial Board!

This year the main challenge for JIBC is a smooth transition from a
leading research/professional journal on the subject of eCommerce and
eBanking, to become the world's leader among the peer-reviewed
academic publications. For Prof. Agarwal and JIBC Editorial Board
member Dr. Jean-Michel Sahut, who agreed to spearhead this transition,
it is undoubtedly a challenge.

I have recently visited The Groupe Sup de Co La Rochelle Grande Ecole,
and have had a privilege to present students with the lectures on
profitability models for transactional ecommerce. Jean-Michel Sahut,
as the dean for research of the Sup de Co La Rochelle Group, has his
own number of challenges. Still, I am confident that both Nikhil
Agarwal and Jean-Michel Sahut, together with all other members of the
Editorial Board, will be successful in this difficult transition to
the peer-reviewed JIBC.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at
least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and the Journal of
Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to
email editions. After all, we send it around just 2-3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Let's spread the word!


=============================================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2006-02/Editorial.HTM
=============================================

We are witnessing the dawn of another year of 21st century. 2005 was
instrumental in fuelling up the economic growth across the globe.
Economist and business historians are searching databases to find any
such instance in the history of world economy when bullion, markets
and real estate all three together are going up. A few years back,
nobody had ever dreamt of a new economic world order, polar shift of
markets and redefining of business mantras.

I would like to take this opportunity to welcome three new members on
our editorial board Professor A. M Sherry, India; Professor Bala
Shanmugam, Malaysia and Dr. Arthur J. Cordell, Canada. All the three
members are distinguish scholars in their respective fields. We would
be indeed benefited from their vast experience.

At JIBC we are entering into our 10th anniversary. We are able to
sustain and consolidate our position in business publication over
Internet. I would like to congratulate Nahum Goldmann, Publisher, Gord
Jenkins, founder editor and all readers, authors, contributors for
helping JIBC in maintaining its position. I wish to invite you all to
celebrate the 10 intellectually simulating years of publication.

In this issue, Jonathan Band has given insights on Google Print
Library Project. He has described the difference between Print
Publisher Program and Print Library Project. Our old friend Dave Birch
is as crisp as always, in his article Out of Africa he pointed out the
change in lifestyle because of increasing mobile connectivity in
Africa. Carin Holroyd introduces keitai and thrown the light on the
revolution DoCoMo has bought in Japanese telecom markets. Arumugu in
his article argues the benefits of integrating eCommerce and CRM with
data mining.

Joshua of City University has interesting article to share with
readers of JIBC. He researched on Internet Dating sites and their
profitability. He has tried to find relationship between
African-Americans and White college students. Quite an interesting
read. Hanudin has done a preliminary study on students' perception on
SMS banking in an Malaysian university campus. Despina has introduced
Karayanni scheme on Internet Marketing Strategies in B2B segment.
Carlo & his friends from Brazil have got experiences of Brazilian
banks in service quality. They surveyed 11,936 customers [whossh!!] of
a Brazilian bank, don't miss this article. Javed has given a framework
to implement secure internet/mobile banking system in Iran. Lee in his
article lists out the opportunity and challenges for e-banking in
Malaysia. Finally, Abel has described, in first part of article, the
problem & challenges of regulating Internet Banking in Nigeria.

After reading Dave Birch and Abel articles, I can foresee the next
big-marketplace after India and China. Any guess! of course it's
Africa. We would invite more articles from Africa to give our readers
in-depth analysis of business situation and opportunities.

Till then, keep networked.

Prof. Nikhil Agarwal
SP Jain Institute of Management & Research (SPJIMR)
Mumbai, India


==========================
GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES
==========================

UNITED STATES: The Google Print Literary Project: A Copyright Analysis
(By Jonathan Band)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/Band.htm

On August 11, 2005, Google announced that it would not scan
copyrighted books under its Print Library Project until November, so
that publishers could decide whether they want to opt their
in-copyright books out of the project. Given the confusion in press
reports describing the project, publishers should carefully study
exactly what Google intends to do and understand the relevant
copyright issues


UNITED KINGDOM: Out of Africa
(By Dave Birch and Paul Makin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/Birch.htm

The two billionth mobile phone has been switched on. There are 350
million mobile phone users in China, and by 2009 it will be 600
million. India has 55 million and is on the same growth trajectory. In
a generation, mobile phones have gone from being yuppie playthings to
consumer mass-market toys, yet the mobile phone revolution is far from
over. We may have become rather blase about it, with our mobile phone
penetration rates over 100%, but then we all had telephones before we
had our first Nokia. In many parts of the world, however, mobile
phones aren't a convenient alternative to landlines but the only means
of communication: they provide connectivity where there was none before.


CANADA: DoCoMo As A Global Force: The Challenge Of Exporting Japanese
Technological Developments
(By Carin Holroyd)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/Holroyd.htm

NTT DoCoMo sparked a veritable revolution in the Japanese mobile
Internet, vaulting the country to global leadership in this crucial
high technology field.  Having established a dominant position in the
Japanese market, DoCoMo sought to export its technology and business
model, hoping to capitalize on growing international interest in
telephone-based Internet service. The expansion did not prove as
smooth or easy as DoCoMo anticipated, as the company attempted to
fight through the complex web of national telecommunications
regulations and complex merger and joint venture agreements with a
number of international firms.   DoCoMo's experience demonstrated the
formidable challenges involved in internationalizing Japanese
technology and Internet-based services, drawing attention to the
strong connection between DoCoMo's dramatic success in Japan and the
unique needs and opportunities of the Japanese market.


INDIA: Integrating E-Commerce and CRM With Data Mining: A New Era
(By S. Arumuga Perumal)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/crm.htm

Due to the fast development of information technology there is a
remarkable raise in the growth of the new-fangled area data mining,
which leads to revolutionize the business and Customer relationship
management. The aim of this paper is to make an association with
e-commerce, CRM and Data mining. E-commerce is successful only if CRM
is efficient. With out CRM there is no chance of improvement in the
e-commerce. In this paper some suggestions are made to get effective
CRM with data mining, which will help, for the improvement of
e-commerce. Data mining involves the use of data analysis tools, which
include statistical model to discover previously unknown valid
patterns, and relationships in large sets. Also discuss the new method
of e-business strategy for the successful business.


================
RESEARCH PAPERS
================

UNITED STATES: E-Commerce and Internet Dating Websites: Differences in
Match Options Between African-Americans and Whites
(By Joshua Fogel and Nancy Sardella)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/Fogel.asp

Internet technology has offered many options for online dating. We
studied online dating website capabilities and the relationship
between African-Americans and White college students regarding their
preferences for receiving a weekly list of potential matches via
e-mail, receiving free assistance in enhancing the written portion of
their profile, the ability to sort matches by ethnicity or religion,
and the ability to sort matches based on similar interests.

Traditional dating approaches typically involve a man initiating
contact with a woman. African-American men may have unique
psychological concerns with regard to online dating. They may prefer
to wait for automated information about prospective matches rather
than initially searching online for prospective matches. An
understanding of the gender differences among African-Americans can
help understand if it is necessary to advocate a change in this
behavioural pattern among African-American men.


MALAYSIA: A Preliminary Study on Students' Perception of SMS Banking:
A Case at the Labuan International Campus - University Malaysia Sabah
(By Hanudun Amin, Suddin Lada, Mohd Rizal Abduland Geoffrey H. Tanakinjal)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/SMSBanking.htm

Mobile phones are crucial for those who are busy with daily routine
activities, especially those who are employed as well as students. The
objective of this study is to identify the key points that are
relevant to the students' perceptions of SMS banking by the use of a
survey conducted during July C September 2005. This research used
university students as the sample, namely from Labuan International
Campus-University Malaysia Sabah.


GREECE: The Use of the Internet in Business-to-Business Marketing:
Demographic Characteristics and Intercorrelations Among Internet
Marketing Variables from American and European Companies
(By Despina A. Karayanni and George J. Avionitis)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/greece.htm

In this paper we present some preliminary results from a major
Internet survey that examined the use of the Internet in a firm's
marketing strategies. Specifically, we describe the profile of
business-to-business respondents together with the descriptive
statistics of Internet use intensity, strategic goals, product,
promotion and sales strategies through the Internet. The
inter-correlations among the resulted factor scores of strategic goals
and Internet marketing strategies with product complexity and Internet
use depict some useful conclusions for Internet marketers and researchers.


BRAZIL: Service Quality in Banks: Insights from the Brazilian Experience
(By Carlo Gabriel Porto Bellini, Guilherme Lerch Lunardi and Jorge
Luiz Henrique)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/Bellini.asp

Quality in servicing customers is important for the industry.
Nonetheless, problems in defining such constructs as service quality
and customer satisfaction, along with difficulties in putting into
operation current instruments to measure them, constitute constraints
for practice and research. This paper presents a framework aimed at
addressing the quality of banking services, framework which is based
on customer perceptions surveyed by a consultant firm with 11,936
customers of a Brazilian bank.


IRAN: Implementation of a Secure Internet/Mobile Banking System in Iran
(By Javad Soroor)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/Soroor.asp

Modern fast-evolving technology is constantly bringing new dimensions
to our daily life. In Iran, electronic banking systems provide
customers with easy access to banking services. ATMs, phone banking,
Internet banking, and more recently, mobile banking have considerably
improved the interaction between user and bank. This paper discusses
the security of today's electronic banking systems in Iran. We focus
on Internet and mobile banking and present an overview and evaluation
of the techniques that are used in current Iranian systems. The best
practice is indicated, together with improvements for the future.


MALAYSIA: E-Banking in Malaysia: Opportunity and Challenges
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/GOI.htm

E-banking has to be a delivery channel that replicates and replaces
many of the physical functions a bank currently performs. Hence, the
E-banking now becomes a virtual banking counter that the individual
and corporate customer to carry out the regular activities. Even
E-banking services more to electronic-based, but, it still strongly
support banking activities, therefore communication, transaction and
distribution. There are number of challenges need to be faced by
Malaysian banks, however, the opportunity in this industry is high due
to the current trend especially application and development of ICT.


NIGERIA: Regulating Internet Banking in Nigeria: Problems and
Challenges (Part I)
(By Abel Ebeh Ezeoha
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-02/abel.asp

The emerging trend in Internet banking in Nigeria is of global
concern. For one thing, the Nigerian economy is a strong force in
Africa. The country also has a high reputation for Internet-related
frauds in the world, having been regarded as the headquarters of
Advance Fee Fraud (419). The code "419" is named after Section 419 of
the Nigerian Criminal Code that deals with "obtaining property by
false pretences; Cheating." On the home front, bank frauds, forgeries,
money laundry, insider abuse and erosion of public confidence
constitute a set of disturbing issues in the present-day Nigerian
banking system. This explains why regulation has become of paramount
importance in the entire Internet banking development process.


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=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.

Editorial Board

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Chief Editor: Nikhil Agarwal

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord
Jenkins

Assistant Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
U.K. Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2006
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

=================================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2006-04/0605-Publ.HTM
=================================

The geographic distribution of JIBC authors is truly
amazing. All continents are well covered. We are
especially happy to have quite a number of good
articles from the South-East Asia and Africa, in
addition to more traditional innovation centers of the
North America, Europe and Australia.

From time to time we also publish an occasional
article from China but frankly, our success rate in
attracting first-rate articles from China is quite
limited, especially compared to other SEA countries
like India or Malaysia. Why it is so is unclear,
especially taking into account the tremendous growth
that China experiences in the Internet trading area.
On a number of occasions we have approached China
academics and ecommerce executives with the requests
of submitting articles to our publication, but so far
not that many used this opportunity.

I am asking fellow JIBC editors, authors and readers
to pass the requests to their colleagues in China to
submit their original works to JIBC Chief Editor Prof.
Nikhil Agarwal, to myself, or to our numerous
contributing editors. As well, we are looking for
prominent scientists, as well as the leading
executives and practitioners, especially from China,
Japan, Korea, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands,
Eastern Europe and Latin America to joint JIBC
distinguished Editorial Board.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our
readers and subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3
of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also
subscribe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past
authors and editors to email your articles -- along
with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles
and the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce.
Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions.
After all, we send it around just 2-3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to
pass a word about JIBC to your professors and
classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply
new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Let's spread the word!


=============================================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2006-04/editorial_april2006.HTM
=============================================

Gurus comes in all sizes specially religious and
management gurus. You must be wondering why I say so.
My 6-month-old son Krishiv� is teaching me management
nowadays. I am trying to understand complexities of
management theories from acts of toddler. I would call
it evolution.

During the past few weeks, I am working closely with
Dr. Jovan Kurbalija of Diplo Foundation on Internet
Governance [IG] issues and attending a programme on
Internet Governance Capacity Building (IGCB). WSIS
Geneva [2003] and Tunis [2005] have given new
dimensions to the IG negotiations and extend a
multi-stakeholder approach towards the whole subject.
Many of our readers must have participated in the main
conferences and related deliberations elsewhere. In
our next issue, we would be happy to publish the
experiences of our readers and authors on this very
important matter. Please submit your papers by end
July, 2006.

Security and Privacy issues worldwide are generating
more attention then ever. With growing penetration of
technology in our daily lives, it is becoming apparent
that companies & consumers have to collaborate to win
this war. Every quarter JIBC receives 20% of our
submission on security related or privacy issues. In
the present issue, Ankur Gupta has highlighted the
need of data protection in consumer e-banking. Lior
Shamir of Michigan Tech has discussed a simple yet
hazardous method used by hackers for stealing user
information. Advocate Rahul Goel, in his article, has
analyzed the provisions related to privacy in proposed
amendments to the Indian Information Technology Act
2000. In an another article related to security P.
Yogesh has suggested alternate architecture for DNS to
foil DoS attacks.

In last issue we argued that the next big marketplace
would be Africa. Articles from Achraf Ayadi and Abel
Ezeoha has further consolidated our belief. Achraf has
investigated technological and organizational
preconditions to develop Internet Banking services in
Tunisian Banking sector. Abel in the second part of
his paper has given success prescription for
regulating Internet banking in Nigeria. His paper is
important read for those who wish to have eagle view
of African market.

Teuta Cata of Northern Kentucky University has
introduced the concept of Silent CRM (s-CRM), an
application of RFID technology to support customer
needs. Jose Gonzalez has investigated Market
orientation framework model and expanded it in context
of Web Hosting and Internet Service Provider
companies. Jordan Shropshire of Mississippi State
University has provided a good background paper for
evaluation of performance metrics of hosted software
databases.

We are pleased to invite our new member on the board
of JIBC, Dr. Joshua Fogel, A/ Professor at Brooklyn
College of the City University of New York. Following
the advise of Dr. Fogel and persistent efforts of
Nahum Goldmann, JIBC is now listed in Directory of
Open Access Journal [DOAJ]. Please click here to find
the listing. Another important announcement is
regarding partnership of JIBC in various
conferences/seminars. We would be pleased to
participate and publish the proceedings of conferences
related to our themes. Such requests can be made to
myself or Nahum Goldmann, publisher of JIBC.

Collectively let's spread knowledge across all
continents and beyond.

Dr. Nikhil Agarwal
SP Jain Institute of Management & Research (SPJIMR)
Mumbai, India


==========================
OPINION ARTICLES (Non-Peer Reviewed)
==========================

INDIA: Data Protection in Consumer E-banking
(By Ankur Gupta)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/gupta.HTM

Consumer Internet Banking, with its ability to reach
each and every nook and cranny of the world, holds
great importance for a nation like India, where
conventional banking services are out of reach for a
large proportion of the masses. But to make it a
success it requires more than just an adequate
internet enabling infrastructure. There is a dire need
for an adequate legal and regulatory framework to be
put into place. One of the crucial elements of such a
legal and regulatory framework will be data protection
provisions. The emphasis of this article is on the
this aspect of data protection in the electronic
banking sector. The article is an attempt to highlight
the importance of data protection in internet banking
and dwell upon possible legal recourses which may
adopted keeping in mind the current legal framework in
India with regards regulation of information
technology.


UNITED STATES: A Security Concern in MS-Windows:
Stealing User Information from Internet Browsers Using
Fake Windows
(By Lior Shamir)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Lior.HTM

A simple method that might be used by malicious
attackers for stealing usernames, passwords, credit
card numbers or other valuable small pieces of
information is described. Hidden processes running on
Windows-based machines might create faked controls and
place them on the browser exactly on top of the real
controls of web pages such as on-line banking account
login pages. Users might then type in their passwords
or credit card numbers into the faked controls,
allowing the malicious process to capture the data.
Since spyware is a large and growing threat to
internet users, it is not unlikely that such a
technique will be used for stealing valuable
information. An example based on Hotmail web-based
email service is demonstrated, but this technique
might be used for a variety of password-protected web
services. This paper also discusses different approach
of protection against the described attack.


INDIA: The Indian Information Technology Act and
Spamming
(By Rahul Goel)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Rahul_F.asp

An attempt to analyse provisions relating to privacy
especially spamming and phishing in the proposed
amendments to the Indian Information Technology Act,
2000.


UNITED KINGDOM: Security Revisionism
(By Ian Grigg)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Grigg.asp

Security isn't working, and some of us are turning to
economics to address why this is so. Agency theory
casts light on cases such as Choicepoint and Lopez .
An economics approach also sheds light on what
security really is, and social scientists may be able
to help us build it. Institutional economics suggests
that the very lack of information may lead to results
that only appear to speak of security.


================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH
================

FRANCE: Technological and Organizational Preconditions
to Internet Banking Implementation: The Case of a
Tunisian Bank
(By Achraf Ayadi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Ayadi.asp

An exploration of the importance of some prerequisite
factors in developing internet banking (IB) services.
According to the emergent case of Web services in the
Tunisian banking sector, two types of preconditions
are investigated: technological preconditions and
organizational preconditions. Based on a case study, a
set of qualitative and quantitative research methods
were carried out beside the bank direction, the
commercial staff and subscribed customers to IB
services. The research illustrates that centralised
architectures, fragmented information systems (IS),
organizational rigidity and disregarding user's
implication could be factors of slowness (or failure)
in implementing IB.


NIGERIA: Regulating Internet Banking in Nigeria: Some
Success Prescriptions (Part II)
(By Abel Ebeh Ezeoha)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Nigeria-2_F.asp

This paper is the second part of an earlier one on the
problems and challenges of Internet banking regulation
in Nigeria. The paper argues that for Internet banking
to assume a developmental dimension in Nigeria and for
the country to be fully integrated in the global
financial environment, the prevalent level of frauds
in Nigeria (and among Nigerians) must first be
addressed. It suggests that the ways to do this are
first to: get the relevant local laws in place and in
consonance with international laws and conventions;
get the citizens well educated on the intricacies of
Internet usage and frauds, as well as the regulatory
implications of wrong/fraudulent uses of the Internet;
ensure that all the major background problems such as
poverty, corruption and bad governance are addressed
and; ensure adequate interface and collaborations
between Nigerian local law enforcement agents and the
various international agencies that are presenting
pursuing the course for safe Internet community.


INDIA: Effective Method of Security Measures in
Virtual Banking
(By S. Arumuga Perumal)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/VB.asp

The development of Information Technology leads to the
remarkable growth in the field of network security
that is used in security applications, which shows the
way to the development of virtual banking. The aim of
this paper is to discuss the different security
measures that are to be considered in Virtual banking
system, to share the fundamental concept behind the
security technology and to understand the relative
advantages and limitations of different approaches.
When passwords are used for authentication, the
decision made is relatively straight forward, but in
network security using biometric authentication the
decision is made on a probability. Biometrics is not
secret. Any organization considering the use of
biometrics needs to understand the impact of this when
reaching a trust decision.


INDIA: Alternate Architecture for the Domain Name
System to Foil Distributed Denial of Service Attack
(By P. Yogesh and A. Kannan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Alt%20Architecture%20for%20DNS.htm\
l

The Domain Name System is an important part of the
Internet infrastructure and maps symbolic domain names
to IP addresses. The DNS is a hierarchically arranged
distributed database. At the top of the hierarchy is
the root. The root is a single point of failure in the
DNS architecture. It has been subject to variety of
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Eliminating the root
from this architecture eliminates the single point of
failure. This involves storing the addresses of the
top-level domain servers at the name servers, so that
they can be reached without going through the root. In
this paper we propose two architectures, both capable
of foiling the DoS attack. The architectures differ in
the capabilities of the clients and servers, and
provide different cost-benefit tradeoffs. It has been
found that a scheme that avoids a root server for name
resolution and includes caching capabilities at the
client itself, reduces bandwidth requirements, and
improve! s response times, resilience to DoS attacks.


UNITED STATES: Challenges and Opportunities of Silent
Commerce: Applying Radio Frequency Identification
Technology
(By Teuta Cata)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/cata.asp

An investigation of the applications of Radio
Frequency Technology (RFID) as an application of
ubiquitous commerce. RFID has a wide application in
the supply chain but still is very limited for
customer support. This study introduces the concept of
the Silent CRM (s-CRM) which is an application of RFID
to proactively support customer needs. Challenges of
RFID application within companies, outside of
companies and about the technology itself are
discussed as well.


UNITED STATES: Internet Support Companies: The Impact
of Marketing Orientation
(By Jose Gonzalez and Larry Chiagouris)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Gonzalez.asp

Several studies have expanded the work by Jaworski and
Kohli (1993) by using their market orientation
framework model and applying it to a variety of
industries. The results of recent studies have
uncovered strong relationships between the concepts of
market orientation and organizational performance. The
large body of research on the topic of market
orientation has not been applied to companies critical
to commercial transactions over the Internet. This
study explored implementation of market orientation in
the context of web hosting and Internet service
providers to understand impact of market orientation
on these kinds of companies. The study results
indicate that market orientation is positively related
to performance. Implications for theory construction
and managerial practice relevant to companies engaged
in ecommerce are discussed.


UNITED STATES: A Taxonomy of Metrics for Hosted
Databases
(By Jordan Shropshire)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-04/Shropshire.ASP

The past three years has seen exponential growth in
the number of organizations who have elected to
entrust core information technology functions to
application service providers. Of particular interest
is the outsourcing of critical systems such as
corporate databases. Major banks and financial service
firms are contracting with third party organizations,
sometimes overseas, for their database needs. These
sophisticated contracts require careful supervision by
both parties. Due to the complexities of web- based
applications and the complicated nature of databases,
an entire class of software suites has been developed
to measure the quality of service the database is
providing. This article investigates the performance
metrics which have evolved to satisfy this need and
describes a taxonomy of performance metrics for hosted
databases.

/---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------\
              The World-Leading Web Security Audit
ADDSecure.Net(TM) Audit encompasses a range of
Internet network and server audit and testing services.
The program is powerful enough to satisfy the strenuous
demands of leading government organizations,
banks and private corporations, yet it can meet the
budget requirements of even small firms.  Further
information is at:
http://www.addsecure.net/info/service.htm
\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------/



=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs
banking and electronic commerce professionals and
executives on principal developments, benchmark
practices, and future trends in the Internet-based
marketing practices of governments and industry. This
free online interactive journal is a way to keep in
touch, to share information, and to establish business
contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals that
specialize in electronic commerce, governance and
banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the
latest internet-based banking and electronic trends
and practices from around the world. Our priority is
quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an
effective forum for your articles, your letters, your
insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce
professionals, academicians and publishers to submit
important announcements, original articles, guest
columns and significant feature presentations. We also
welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to the
Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized
areas of expertise will be kept to an absolute
minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year
when an email summary of current articles is
distributed to subscribers. The full text of current
articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of
Internet Banking and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of
products, books, and services that they think others
will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is
provided as a service by ARRAY Development based in
Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in
sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm
contains all articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with
any questions or comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum
Goldmann

Chief Editor: Nikhil Agarwal

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the
Editorial Board: Gord Jenkins

Assistant Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
US Contributing Editor: Joshua Fogel
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is
available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2006
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

=================================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/0608-Publ.html
=================================

The credibility of JIBC in the academic, executive and professional
circles is quite high. As the Publisher, I'm getting numerous requests
from academic institutions to permit placement of JIBC articles on
various university and academic networks. Even though strictly
speaking such permission is only required from the copyright holders
(i.e., our authors), to all of our publishing team and the Editorial
Board it serves as a useful indicator of the universal popularity,
respect and innovation for our journal.

Spearheaded by Prof. Joshua Fogel, the JIBC Editorial Board strives to
list our Journal in leading search engines and academic reference
publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in Google and
Yahoo search engines, the Directory of Open Access Journals and EBSCO.

I am asking fellow JIBC editors, authors and readers to pass to Prof.
Fogel, JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or myself your
suggestions in which other reference publications we should list JIBC.
Being at the leading edge of the emerging field of study and on the
boundary between various research subjects, JIBC might be listed in
numerous reference databases. Please do help us to spread the news of
its publication around the globe.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at
least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and the Journal of
Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to
email editions. After all, we send it around just 2-3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Let's spread the word!

=============================================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2006-04/editorial_april2006.HTM
=============================================

It's a human tendency to make issues complex. We have worked for
centuries to build our system and put ourselves on developmental path.
Ironically, sometimes in modern world, religious sentiments take
precedent over other major issues like education, health,
infrastructure and food. I personally defy all the unnecessary
conflicts our world is facing today and hope someday we will work
together as one community for betterment of human race as whole.

United Nations in year 2000 has come up with Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) for trying to make human life better on this planet
earth. Very recently UN has announced the formation Global Alliance on
ICT and Development (UN GAID) focusing on achieving these MDGs
thorough participation and usage of ICT. At JIBC we strongly believe
that financial sector has to play a vital role in this development. If
you are aware about any such initiatives, cases or articles that have
helped a community in any way and role of financial institution in
achieving that goal; we would be interested in publishing such piece
it in our next available issue.

In current issue Professor Sunil Rai along with Professor Lakshmi
Mohan has given a excellent overview of the Business Continuity
Management (BCM) in Indian banks. Further in another article they have
recommended a framework to address the issues related to BCM and
applied to banks in India. I wonder if we can find further literature
and related work elsewhere in the world to share it with your readers.
Jean-Michel Sahut has highlighted the practical problems related to
electronic wallet and suggested how the new age wallets can improve
customer interface with financial institutions. Lawyers have a typical
style of writing, Edwin Jacobs is at his best combining management &
law. In his current article Edwin has explained mediation as
alternative dispute resolution in the European ICT-sector.

As promised in my earlier editorial, we have continued to publish more
article on Africa (The next big market opportunity); in this issue,
Ayo Charles & Babajide Daniel in their paper have undertook case study
from Nigerian financial market, which reviews the e-readiness of
Nigeria as a country, the available payment methods, the motivation
and opportunity for e-commerce, and the challenges motivating its
wider applications. In another article on African market Richard
Boateng and Alemayehu Molla have studied the Ghanian Bank and
addressed issues related to developing eBanking facilities in banks of
sub-saharan region.

JIBC is developing strong readership in SEA countries especially
Malaysia. One good thing I like about research happening in Malaysia
is that researchers are able to highlight and work on more focused
areas (like domains or geographic regions or interest groups) rather
giving out motherhood statements. I have visited Kuala Lumpur on
business recently and was pleasantly surprised to witness the
extraordinary transformation government is able to do in short time.
Development in Kuala Lumpur is true example of
Public-Private-People-Partnership (PPPP). In three of the articles
from Malaysia, our readers would smell what I am talking about. Goi
Chi Lee has highlighted the interesting classification of factors
influencing the development of eBanking in Malaysia. In Another
interesting study, T. Ramayah, Fauziah Md. Taib and Koay Pei Ling, has
done a segmentation of users - non-users of Internet banking in small
state of Penang, Malaysia. Jetol Bolongkikit, Joe Henry Obit, Joyce
Georgina Asing and Geoffrey H. Tanakinjal have done an exploratory
research of the usage level of eCommerce among SMEs another small
Malaysian territory.

Festival time is round the corner. I wish all my readers, authors and
team members happy festivity ahead.


Dr. Nikhil Agarwal
University of Cambridge
United Kingdom


==========================
OPINION ARTICLES (Non-Peer Reviewed)
==========================

BELGIUM: Meditation as Alternative Dispute Resolution in the European
ICT Sector
(By Edwin Jacobs)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/Edwin%20Jacobs%20Mediation%20ICT%2\
0021006.HTM

Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution that is popular in the
US. Today, it is less common in continental Europe but its use is
likely to increase because of the forthcoming European directive on
certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters.
Mediation can be an important cost and time saving tool for solving
ICT disputes.

UNITED STATES/INDIA: Business Continuity Management in Banks "C" The
Indian Experience
(By Sunil Rai and Lakshmi Mohan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/sunilrai2.HTM

Advances in the banking sector have ushered in an era of multi-product
and multi-services being delivered using multiple yet integrated
channels. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) is
on the increase and encompasses nearly the entire gamut of banking
operations. Rising competition and customer expectations have
compelled top management to implement, and continuously upgrade, agile
and scalable ICT practices and solutions. The enormity and range of
banking services combined with the complexity of integrated and
ICT-enabled delivery mechanisms require comprehensive partnerships to
be forged between banks and providers of ICT solutions, especially
with regard to Business Continuity Management (BCM). This paper
presents the preliminary findings of a research study to identify the
essential ingredients of successful BCM implementation based on
experiences of banks in India.

FRANCE: Electronic Wallets in Danger
(By Jean-Michel Sahut)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/Jean-Michel_SAHUT.asp

The erratic development of electronic wallets (EW) illustrates the
difficulties of their adoption by the general public and shopkeepers
alike. With exceptions, such as Proton in Europe and Octopus in Asia,
a lot of electronic wallets are likely to disappear in the next few
years. Yet the key factors of success are known by banks which often
choose to ignore them. However, the strategic change taken by some in
order to bring a fresh start to electronic wallets like Moneo could
reverse the tendency. Nevertheless, it will still be necessary to wait
several years before seeing electronic wallets really impose
themselves as a credible alternative to payments in cash.


================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH
================

NIGERIA: Designing A Reliable E-payment System: Nigeria a Case Study
(By Charles K. Ayo and Daniel O. Babajide
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/AYO.asp

The Nigerian economy is largely cash-based with a lot of money
residing outside the banking system. To a greater extent, this has
hindered the participation of her citizens in e-commerce where
e-payment is the acceptable means of settling transactions. This paper
reviews the e-readiness of Nigeria as a country; the available payment
methods; the motivation and opportunity for e-commerce; and the
challenges motivating its wider applications. We propose: a legal
framework among the stakeholders and government to guide the
operations of the scheme; a public-private-partnership (PPP)
initiative to manage the entire system with a view to guaranteeing
security, confidence and effective control; and a robust e-payment
architecture.

UNITED KINGDOM/AUSTRALIA: Developing E-banking Capabilities in a
Ghanian Bank: Preliminary Lessons
(By Richard Boateng and Alemayehu Molla
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/Boateng.asp

There is relatively little known about electronic banking (e-banking)
in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This
paper addresses this knowledge drawing from the lessons a Ghanaian
bank learned whilst developing its e-banking capabilities. The paper
explores some of the issues that affected the key decisions that the
bank made.

MALAYSIA: Factors Influence Development of E-Banking in Malaysia
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/JIBC.htm

There are several underlying forces coming together have caused the
E-banking development in Malaysia. The development mainly because of
new marketing strategy especially to create E-Customer Relationship
Management (E-CRM) and to improve banking activities. The other
reasons are development of technology, applications and tools, as well
as supported by the government.

MALAYSIA: Classifying Users and Non-users of Internet Banking in
Northern Malaysia
(By T. Ramyah, Fauziah Md. Tahib and Koay Pei Ling)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/Thurasamy.asp.htm

Internet banking has become the latest delivery channel for banking
services due to the backlash from globalization and liberalization of
financial services. Malaysian banks are desperately embracing this new
distribution channel to prepare themselves for the competition which
is looming in the near future. Using a structured questionnaire data
was collected through a convenience sampling from 180 banking
customers in the state of Penang, this study revealed that the banks
have achieved considerable success as far as awareness is concerned as
a vast majority of the respondents reported that they were aware of
Internet banking.

MALAYSIA: An Exploratory Research of the Usage Level of E-Commerce
Among SMEs in the West Coast of Malyasia
(By Jetol Bolongkikit)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/Bolongkikit.asp

Previous studies have indicated that e-commerce development offers a
promising way for business to meet the challenges of the ever-changing
environment. It provides effective and efficient ways, such as buyers
can gather information rapidly about the availability of the products
or services, evaluate, or negotiate with vendors. However, previous
studies on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia have shown
that the application of e-commerce is still at its infancy. Thus, this
study investigates the usage level of e-commerce application for the
SMEs in West Coast of Sabah, Malaysia. This achieved by circulating a
set of questionnaire to examine the awareness and adoption of
e-commerce application by the SMEs, and recognize the impeding factors
to adopt e-commerce and the perception of e-commerce benefits towards
incorporating e-commerce in their business. The study found that the
awareness and adoption level among the SMEs are still in its infancy,
although the potential benefits were perceived to be important.

UNITED STATES/INDIA: Business Continuity Management: A Reality Checks
for Banks in India
(By Sunil Rai and Lakshmi Mohan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-08/sunilrai1.HTM

The paper discusses the need for BCM in banks and presents a model to
design, implement, operationalize and assess a business continuity
plan. The proposed BCM model covers five components relating to the
Organizational Soft issues, Processes, People, Technology and
Facilities Management; and, defines a variety of metrics to measure
the "Resilience" and "Vulnerability" of a bank in the event of
business disruptions. The model has been applied to conduct a "reality
check" of BCM implementation in 8 large and 14 medium/small banks in
India. The value of the model lies in its ability to identify the gap
areas for bank management to take corrective action.


/---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------\
The World-Leading Web Security Audit
ADDSecure.Net(TM) Audit encompasses a range of
Internet network and server audit and testing services.
The program is powerful enough to satisfy the strenuous
demands of leading government organizations,
banks and private corporations, yet it can meet the
budget requirements of even small firms. Further
information is at:
http://www.addsecure.net/info/service.htm
\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------/



=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs
banking and electronic commerce professionals and
executives on principal developments, benchmark
practices, and future trends in the Internet-based
marketing practices of governments and industry. This
free online interactive journal is a way to keep in
touch, to share information, and to establish business
contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals that
specialize in electronic commerce, governance and
banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the
latest internet-based banking and electronic trends
and practices from around the world. Our priority is
quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an
effective forum for your articles, your letters, your
insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce
professionals, academicians and publishers to submit
important announcements, original articles, guest
columns and significant feature presentations. We also
welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to the
Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized
areas of expertise will be kept to an absolute
minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year
when an email summary of current articles is
distributed to subscribers. The full text of current
articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of
Internet Banking and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of
products, books, and services that they think others
will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is
provided as a service by ARRAY Development based in
Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in
sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm
contains all articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with
any questions or comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum
Goldmann

Chief Editor: Nikhil Agarwal

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the
Editorial Board: Gord Jenkins

Assistant Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
US Contributing Editor: Joshua Fogel
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 11, No. 3, December 2006
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

=================================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/06012-Publ.html
=================================

PDF: A New Format

For the last 10 years we have been publishing JIBC in the HTML format;
to be technically correct in last 5 years in its latest standard
adaptation of xHTML 1.0 Strict. This decision was good for its time
and, as a result, JIBC is well represented in the leading search
engines, blogs and alike.

The Editorial Board feels that it is time to move ahead and start
publishing JIBC in the PDF format. Spearheaded by Prof. Joshua Fogel
and with the active participation of our Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil
Agarwal and Assistant Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo, this effort came to
fruition in the new version of JIBC Submission Template
(http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/guides.htm#SubmissionGuidelines.).
The new format will be in full effect starting with the first 2007
issue of the Journal.

The Editorial Board feels that the new format will provide us with the
better technical quality publication. It is also critically important
that the authors will be better able to edit and prepare their
articles, which from now on will have to be submitted in the RTF or
DOC (MS Word ver. 6.0) format.

It is important to note that by now PDF is as much mainstream as is
HTML, and is also being as well indexed in the leading search engines.
Not less important to us is the recently announced but long
anticipated move of Adobe to submit PDF to the international standard
bodies, to be maintained as an open non-proprietary standard.

I would like to use this occasion to thank Joshua Fogel, Nik Agarwal
and Robert Luo for their effort in developing the new publication format.

For those of you who have noticed the new honorific in front of
Robert's name, it is official by now and I'm asking you all to join me
in congratulating Xin "Robert" Luo, PhD, for successfully defending
his doctoral thesis and being installed as a newly minted Assistant
Professor of Computer Information Systems in the Department of
Computer Information Systems of School of Business at Virginia State
University, USA. Well done! We hope that Robert will proceed for many
years with supporting JIBC's publication with his usual efficiency and
quality.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at
least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and the Journal of
Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to
email editions. After all, we send it around just 2-3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Let's spread the word!

=============================================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2006-12/editorial_December2006.html
=============================================

Wish you a very happy new year 2007.

In Chinese mythology 2007 is a year of Ding Hai or the year of Pig. In
modern world (youth) are celebrating it as year of James Bond (note
007). I would rather agree with modern world. Year 2007 is a year of
economic growth & prosperity as most of the markets around the world
are looking strong. In the last year, the behaviour of different
sectors send mixed signals e.g. Automobiles where restructuring is the
buzzword or take steel where industry is heading towards consolidation
(Arcelor-Mittal, Tata-Corus). It would be interesting to witness the
similar trends in Internet companies. Any ideas?

In this issue we have nine articles from three different continents.
Carlos Flavian and Raquel Gurrea have touched upon the very important
sector the 'fourth state'. They have studied the impact of Internet on
press sector and analysed the possibilities for digital press versus
traditional press. AA Agboola from Nigeria has examined 36 banks for
electronic payment systems and tele-banking services in Nigeria.
Zouhaïer M'Chirgui in his article researched on electronic purse in
France, namely Moneo and discusses the problems preventing a
widespread adoption of Moneo and use by customers/merchants.

Another article from Nigeria, Ayo Charles has examined the prospects
of eCommerce implementation in Nigeria. He argued that developing
country like Nigeria is yet to harness the opportunities from optimal
financial gains. An empirical investigation of the adoption of
Internet Banking in Nigeria is conducted by Chiemeke and Evwiekpaefe.
These articles from African continent further consolidate the academic
interest of people in eBanking and eCommerce.

Hanudin, Hamid, Tanakinjal & Lada investigate the undergraduate
attitude & expectation towards mobile banking. This article takes
special reference on Islamic banking practices in Malaysia by
analysing student's socio-demographic elements. Sakkthivel from India
further discuss the impact of demographics on the consumption of
different services online in India. His research is supported by
primary research conducted at Indian Silicon Valley (Bangalore) to
understand the customer willingness to buy online. Halve and Kulkarni
from IMT, India studied the hospitals in city of Nagpur and proposed
the benefits of patient informatics in health care sector. Awamleh and
Fernandes from Dubai have argued the diffusion of Internet Banking
amongst educated consumers in a high-income non-OECD country. Their
research is supported by primary data and usage of technology
acceptance model (TAM).

At JIBC, we care about the constant feedback we get from our readers
and authors. We are also trying to restructure lot of things like the
way we accept and publish articles. From next issue onwards articles
will be available in PDF format to our readers. We are committed
towards open access philosophy, therefore, it will be openly available
to all who wish to simulate their minds.

Happy Reading and have a profitable year ahead.


================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH
================

FRANCE: The Market Difficulty for the Use of the Moneo Electronic Purse
(By Zouhaïer M'Chirgui)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/mchirgui.htm

Whether in other countries the introduction of electronic purse as a
new means for micropayment has known a success (Belgium with Proton
and Hong Kong with Octopus), in France the electronic purse, namely
Moneo, meets with some problems that prevent widespread adoption and
use by customers and merchants. Based on the two most highly
successful schemes - Proton and Octopus - some potential solutions are
proposed, dealing mainly with the technological and economic aspect,
in order to help the adoption and the use of Moneo.

Nigeria: The Prospects of e-Commerce Implementation in Nigeria
(By Ayo Charles K.)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/AYO-Ecommerce.asp

The Internet has brought about the emergence of virtual markets with
four primary distinct characteristics, which are real-time, shared,
open and global (Mohammad, 2003). The growing rate of ICT utilization
particularly the Internet has influenced at an exponential rate,
online interaction and communication among the generality of the
populace. The shortcomings notwithstanding, most people are connected
through their cell phones, home PCs and others through corporate
access and public kiosks. The patronage of the Internet all over the
world is monumental and has remained on the increase from inception.
However, with the enormity of businesses on the Internet, Nigeria is
yet to harness the opportunities for optimal financial gains.

This study is exploratory in nature as it attempts to unveil the
prospects of e-commerce participation based on the
ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) framework. The paper proposes to
investigate the ability of consumers to purchase online, the available
motivation to do so, and the opportunities for Internet access.

NIGERIA: Electronic Payment Systems and Tele-banking Services in Nigeria
(By Agboola A. A.)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/agboola.asp

This paper examines electronic payment systems and tele-banking
services in Nigeria. Thirty-six out of the 89 banks in Nigeria as of
the end of 2005 were selected for the study. The questionnaire method
was used to gather data from bank workers.

NIGERIA: The Adoption of Internet Banking in Nigeria: An Empirical
Investigation
(By Chiemeke S.C.)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/chiemeke.html

This study examines the level of adoption of Internet banking in
Nigeria. Twelve large on-line banks that retained their brand names
after the consolidation were studied in terms of the functionality and
interactivity of their websites. The model used is similar to that
proposed by Diniz in 1998, with an additional factor on security
measures. Main factors that inhibit the adoption of Internet banking
in Nigeria are security and inadequate operational facilities
including proper telecommunications and power. The results reveal that
Internet banking is being offered at the BASIC level of Interactivity
with most of the bank having mainly information sites and providing
little Internet transactional services. The level of security of the
banks was also low as most of the banks have not adopted 128 bit
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption security measures. Most of the
banks perform extremely well in providing up-to date information.
However, further improvements on security and provision of key
ingredients of Internet banking which includes confidentiality,
effective communication integrity and availability, should be
considered in order to satisfy customer's requirements.

MALAYSIA: Undergraduate Attitudes and Expectations for Mobil Banking
By Hanudin Amin, Mohammad Rizal Abdul Hamid, Geoffrey Harvey
Tanakinjal and Suddin Lada)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/JIBC2.htm

This study analyzed the undergraduate students' willingness on
adopting the usage of mobile phone in banking transactions focusing on
Islamic banking in FT, Labuan. Research has been conducted to analyze
the students' attitudes and expectations toward mobile banking.
Furthermore, students' socio-demographic elements were also studied
and analyzed in relation to the study. As noted, sample was taken from
students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus. A
total of 615 students were approached using convenience-sampling
modes. And, the finding illustrate that students tend to learn and
adopt mobile banking in their banking transactions. In addition, the
results also demonstrate students' attitudes and expectations to be
the most consistent explanatory factors in predicting their
willingness on adopting mobile banking usage in the future. In the
nutshell, the findings were in-line with the previous study conducted
by Howcroft, Hamilton and Hewer (2002), Sivanand, Geeta and Suleep
(2004) and Laforet and Li (2005).

INDIA: Impact of Demographics on the Consumption of Different Services
Online in India
(By A.M. Sakkthivel)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/jourintmktgformat1.asp

The role of Internet is becoming inevitable to corporate and society.
Across the world, governments and the corporate sector are
increasingly working towards the better utilization of the Internet.
The Internet, which was initially perceived as a communication media,
is now metamorphosing into a powerful business media. The late 20th
and early 21st century witnessed the entry and exit of the dot.com
companies. The internet motivated many brick & mortar companies to use
the Internet to sell products/services online and found negative
outcomes as the companies failed to understand the internet buyer
behaviour and could not figure out the categories of services the
Internet users intend to buy. In offline marketing, demographics play
a vital role in understanding buying behaviour of consumers belong to
different segments which would enable companies to develop
products/services according to their specific requirements. Internet
is a medium that does not offer this luxury to companies to know the
profile of Internet users as it is an indirect medium. The companies
would do well if they could find the demographic profile of Internet
users that would help them devise strategies accordingly. Hence, the
author conducted an extensive primary research in Bangalore, India
(Silicon Valley of India) in order to identify the willingness of
Internet users to buy different services over Internet. The paper aims
at providing a specific focus to identify the impact of demographics
in influencing Indian Internet users in consuming different services
online. The outcomes would help the corporate world to understand the
importance of demographics on online purchase that could be adopted
and deployed for better use.

INDIA: Study of Hospital Community Awareness Through Patient Informatics
(By Harshavardhan Halve and Vikrant Kulkarni)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/Harsh.html

The development of healthcare facilities is not only influenced by the
opening of healthcare centres and hospitals but more so by their
effective administration and value orientation. If hospitals or the
healthcare centres are well managed, we can't deny
quantitative-cum-qualitative improvement in the healthcare services.
The scope of service now includes healthcare guidance, preventive
care, post-clinical attention, care and advice. Hospitals may handle a
person who is not a patient and hence we call a person visiting a
hospital a customer and not a patient. Like any other business, the
management of hospitals has changed from an art to a science and then
to a technology. Today's hospitals use a lot of medical hardware and
software in healthcare activity. Healthcare decisions are based on
diagnostic aids and assistance through an X-ray, scanning,
pathological tests and knowledge base of case history, etc. The
operational aspect of the healthcare is supported by a lot of
equipment and instruments specially designed for the purpose. The role
played by these aids is so vital and important that it is called
medical engineering. The medical engineering has helped the medical
professionals to reduce the drudgery of health care and concentrate on
diagnosis, prescriptions and treatment. The management of the
infrastructure of equipment and instruments is a very important
management function supporting the effect of offering a distinctive
service to the customer.

UAE: Diffusion of Internet Banking Amongst Educated Consumers in a
High-Income Non-OECD Country
(By Raed Awamleh and Cedwyn Fernandes)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/Awamleh.html

This study analyses the internet banking channels and service
preferences of educated banking consumers in the UAE and examines the
factors influencing the intention to adopt or to continue the use of
internet banking among both users and non users of internet banking.

SPAIN: The Impact of the Internet on Press Sector: New Possibilities
of Digital Press Versus Traditional Press
(By Carlos Flaviãin and Raquel Gurrea)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/2006-12/RaquelGurrea1.asp

The development of the Internet in recent years is affecting working
of most businesses. The use of new digital formats in the press
industry has produced a real revolution in the concept of the basic
product of their activity. As a result of the increasing development
of journalism on the Internet, the free character of this new service
and the decrease of readers of some major newspapers, an intense
debate has arisen at the heart of the industry about the potential
cannibalism which may exist between the market share of traditional
print newspapers and digital versions. This article analyses this
issue from the marketing perspective and proposes some key factors
which might guarantee a more profitable coexistence of both
traditional print newspapers and the digital press, taking advantage
of the differences that both information formats present.


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=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array(at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm
contains all articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum
Goldmann

Chief Editor: Nikhil Agarwal

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the
Editorial Board: Gord Jenkins

Assistant Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
US Contributing Editor: Joshua Fogel
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 12 No. 1, April 2007
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

=================================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0704/0704-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
=================================

On the New Format and the Very Same People

As you start to read our newly re-constituted Journal in the
PDFformat, I am certain that you wouldn't help but feel that JIBC has
moved to a higher quality level. The articles look more professional
and are much easier to read. According to the Managing Editor Dr. Xin
"Robert" Luo, who prepared this new issue and placed it on the Web, at
  least 90% of all submissions were presented fully according to the
template, which makes his task much easier.

Readability of PDF files is also evidently higher than that for the
HTML.  JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and Contributing Editor
Prof. Joshua Fogel have actively supported Robert in the transition to
a new format. My sincere thanks to them and to the numerous authors --
and readers -- who collectively make our publishing effort worthwhile.

Robert also asked me to share a good news with you that JIBC is now
being indexed in Cabell's lists. JIBC section on Listings in Search
Engines and Reference Publications
(http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/guides.htm#Listing) already
reflects this new achievement. JIBC is currently represented in:

• EBSCO Business Source Complete
• EBSCO Business Source Premier
• EBSCO A-to-Z Service
• Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and Finance
• Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science
   and Business Information Systems
• DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
• Google search engine
• Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and academic reference
publications.  Also, if you notice publications referring to JIBC
articles, please let us know.

On page: http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp you can
find now links to posting our publication to Digg this, del.icio.us
and Slashdot. Please share information about JIBC articles with the
Internet community and suggest to us new ways to promote JIBC among
the academic and professional communities around the globe.

On a personal note, good news as relates to JIBC Contributing Editor
Edwin Jacobs is that Edwin has recently became the head of the TMT-IP
(Technology, Media, Telecom - Intellectual Property) department of a
leading independent law firm Monard-D'Hulst in Brussels. Well done!
For those of you who are looking for a foremost European legal expert
in the IP law, a stop at Edwin's offices in Brussels might be a
logical choice.

Frankly, as the Publisher, I am always delighted to hear that editors
and authors associated with JIBC excel both professionally and
personally.  Please do email me information of your recent
achievements that might be of particular interest to our professional
and academic readership.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition --
to at least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government
and industry.  Make sure they are aware of your articles and the
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also
subscribe to email editions.  After all, we send it around but 2-3
times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Let's spread the word!

=============================================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/EditorialNote_PDFVersion.pdf
=============================================

First issue of year always brings smile on the face. The year not new
enough to say happy new year, still I would give wishes for the
remaining months. May the money Gods shine on you.

I am pleased to announce that JIBC is supporting Ecommerce and
Internet Governance conference (ECIG2007), October 19th - 20th 2007,
Sousse (Tunisia) [www.ecig2007.org]. The conference is organized by La
Rochelle Business School (France); Laval University (Canada),
University of Poitiers (France) & University of Sfax (Tunisia) along
with The Information and Management Association (AIM), the
International Telecommunication Society (ITS), The Internet Society
(ISOC France, Quebec et Tunisia), The Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce and the support of the European Social Fund. This conference
seeks to establish a vibrant and constructive global dialogue between
senior industry executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically improve
eCommerce effectiveness and Internet Governance which includes the
governance of Internet infrastructures, the governance of the content
exchanged through the Internet, and the governance of organisations in
the context of the information society. The best papers would be
published by JIBC as part of special issue after the conference. I
would request you all to mark your diaries and visit the conference to
enjoy the wonderful Tunisian hospitality. For further information on
the conference, please contact our Editor Professor Jean-Michel SAHUT
[sahutjm[at]esc-larochelle.fr]

In current issue we have 10 articles. The 10th Annual Digital Money
Forum was held in London in March 2007. Dave Birch summarizes his
personal observations on first decade of digital money. Continuing on
his work on SWIFT, Edwin Jacobs gives further analysis of Safe Harbor
framework of the European data privacy legislation.

Abdullah S. Al-Mudimigh in his paper evaluates the success of the
e-business model and e-business strategy implemented by Citibank in
the United Arab Emirates in offering its retail Internet Banking
Service; Citibank Online. Tomas Hes talks about innovations in
investment in Mexico and overview of Electronic Loan Exchange Network,
ELEN Project in development between group of Czech elite bankers, IT
specialists and FIPS, prime Mexican microfinance institution.

Carin Holroyd highlights how Japan, through triple helix of
university-industry- government, remains frontrunner in global
innovation race. Sunil Khandelwal and Dayanand Pandey discuss the
risks involved in large value payment system (LVPS), economic
dependency and measures to control these risks. Goi Chi Lee has
comprehensively reviewed the existing web site models for e-commerce,
a good material for future research.  Daniel Nilsson explains that
self-service technology is easy for consumers but not problem free. He
explores the gaps between seller support, third party and SSTs. B.A
Ranjith Appuhami investigate the impact of the value creation
efficiency on investors' capital gain on shares in Thailand. Sven
Christian Berger, through his extensive survey, draws insights on
online banking consumer characteristics.

You would be glad to know that JIBC is now listed by prestigious
Cabell's lists. You must have noticed the new look in our publication
format (pdf). We value your support and seek continuous feedback. We
are working harder to keep JIBC top-notch publication in its area.
Please feel free to write to me for any further
improvement/enhancement you would like to see, we will do our best.

Have a profitable year ahead.

======================
OPINION ARTICLES
======================

UNITED KINGDOM: The Digital Money Decade
(By David Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/22_DM10_PDFVersion.pdf

The tenth annual Digital Money Forum, held in London at the end of
March, was a good opportunity to see how the world of retail
electronic payments has evolved in last decade. It looks as if the
technology platforms of smart cards, wireless communications, mobile
phones and cryptography are coming together within a regulatory
framework to make the often discussed "war on cash" something more
than just talk. The prospect of simple, inexpensive payments across
all retail channels - with the attendant benefits in trade and market
growth - is real and it is already clear that a technology nexus
around, in particular, the mobile handset and contactless payments is
going to make real difference in the way that the average person pays.


BELGIUM: SWIFT Privacy: Data Processor Becomes Data Controller
(By Edwin Jacobs)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/JACOBS-PDFVersion.pdf

Last month, SWIFT emphasised the urgent need for a solution to
compliance with US Treasury subpoenas that provides legal certainty
for the financial industry as well as for SWIFT. SWIFT will continue
its activities to adhere to the Safe Harbor framework of the European
data privacy legislation. Safe Harbor is a framework negotiated by the
EU and US in 2000 to provide a way for companies in Europe, with
operations in the US, to conform to EU data privacy regulations. This
seems to conclude a complex privacy case, widely covered by the US and
European media. A fundamental question in this case was who is a data
controller and who is a mere data processor. Both the Belgian and the
European privacy authorities considered SWIFT, jointly with the banks,
as a data controller whereas SWIFT had considered itself as a mere
data processor that processed financial data for banks. The difference
between controller and processor has far reaching consequences.


SAUDI ARABIA: E-Business Strategy in an Online Banking Service: A Case
Study
(By Abdullah S. Mudmigh)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/AbdullahFinal_PDFVersion.pdf

Banks today are aware of both the threat and the opportunity that the
Web represents.  No traditional bank would dare face investment
analysts without an Internet strategy. But even a detailed and
thoughtful approach to the Web does not guarantee business success.
The main purpose behind the launching of online banking services is to
provide the customers with an alternative, more responsive and with
less expensive options.  With options just a click away, customers
have more control than ever. They expect real-time answers and
superior usability. They also want personal attention and highly
customized products and services. The focus of e-business must always
be on the customer. On the other hand, the technology and the business
structure follow on form of the value you intend to provide to the
customer.

This paper evaluates the success of the e-business model and
e-business strategy implemented by Citibank in the United Arab
Emirates in offering its retail Internet Banking Service; Citibank
Online.

GERMANY: Investment Capital Flows, Mexican Economics and Electronic
Loan Exchange Project
(By Tomas Hes)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/TomasHes_PDFVersion.pdf

Private capital flows to emerging markets continue at high levels, but
concerns are growing about their sustainability. Direct equity
investment slows down, as well as lending by bond investors and
private creditors. The potential global impact of a US economy
slowdown, global financial imbalances and geopolitical tensions
present motives for cautiousness. Situation in Mexico, the world's
ninth largest economy, seems favorable, but confirms written above.
Mexico's FDI rises, but slow down is expected: and with more than 40%
of the population living below official poverty line, the inequality
continues rampant.

Fortunately, there are innovations unseen ever before   promising ways
how to tackle the lack of investment. Electronic Loan Exchange
Network, ELEN Project in development between group of Czech elite
bankers, IT specialists and FIPS, prime Mexican microfinance
institution. Goal of this ambitious endeavor is to enable tens of
millions of small European and US investors to lend for attractive
interest rate to poor micro-borrowers in marginalized regions on a
massive scale, thus creating an alternative for savings accounts and
stock market investments.

=============================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=============================

CANADA: Japan Tech: The Foundation of the Innovation Revolution
(By Carin Holroyd and Ken Coates)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/CarinHolroydFinalApril2007_
PDFVersion.pdf

All industrial nations agree that scientific and technological
innovation holds the key to 21st-century economic prosperity and
competitiveness. Japan has responded to the challenges and
opportunities of the current environment by investing heavily in basic
science and emphasizing efforts to commercializing new discoveries and
technologies.  Japan's ability to marshal the resources of government
research units, the private sector and a reformed public university
system has been matched by substantial government investments and
policy initiatives designed to ensure that the country stays at the
forefront of the global innovation movement.


UAE: Risks in Large Value Payment Systems
(By Sunil Khandelwal and Dayanand Pandey)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/DNPandeyDubai_PDFVersion.pdf

Payment system is an integral part of the entire banking system in
every country. Payment systems in centrally planned economies differ
greatly from market-driven economies. Almost all market-driven
economies depend heavily on latest technology for efficient
functioning of payment systems. The same technology is also a source
of risks, which are found only in technology oriented payment systems,
such as systemic risk. The discussion on LVPS assumes important
dimensions due to its direct implications on financial market. The
efficient functioning of payment system is necessary for the efficient
functioning of the financial sector. Strong and sound payment system
is required not only for long-term stability of financial system but
also for trouble free day-to-day working of settlements. The
transaction on the financial market, generate risks for counterparties
who undertake them, for the bankers, for the other intermediaries and
for the central bank. The risks are greater in the case of LVPS. The
disturbances in these settlements can have wider repercussions for the
financial system and the economy as a whole. Due to application of
technology the time taken for settling the transactions has been
drastically reduced increasing to large volume exposures. The
structure of payment system determines the type of risk, who bears the
risks and the vulnerability of the system.

MALAYSIA: A Review of Existing Website Models for E-commerce
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/GoiChaiLee_PDFVersion.pdf

On reviewing the literature it became evident that previous
researchers adopted a high-level approach to the development of Web
site design models. The models were designed to be adapted to multiple
industries resulting in broad categories. The literature has uncovered
three main ways of classifying Web sites. The digital business model,
e.g. Wen, Chen and Hwang (2001) and Schneider and Perry (2001)
describe ways in which business can be conducted over the Web. The
stages of development model, e.g. Ho (1997), Burgess and Cooper
(1999), Boon, Hewett and Parker (2000), Lowe (2001), Becker (2002) and
Davidson (2002) describes different stages of development with
functionality mapped to each stage. In scoring systems, e.g. Elliot
(2002), Cast Bobby (1999) and Gartner (2002), specific features of a
Web site are identified and given a score.

SWEDEN: Internet Banking and the Impact of Seller Support and Third Party
(By Daniel Nilsson)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/NilssonFinal_PDFVersion.pdf

An explosion of new technologies has taken place within the retail
environment. More and more service providers have begun to use a wide
range of technologies that allow consumers to produce and use the
services by themselves, without direct contact from the employees of
the firm. However, usage of services in new technologies is rarely
problem-free; consumers may encounter obstacles during the
interaction. This article examines what influence seller support and
the third party, as sources for assistance, has on consumers' usage of
SSTs.

SRI LANKA: The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Investors' Capital
Gain on Shares: An Empirical Investigation of the Thai Banking,
Finance and Insurance Sector
(By B.A. Ranjith Appuhami)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/RanjithFinal_PDFVersion.pdf

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of the value
creation efficiency on investors' capital gain on shares. The author
used the data collected from listed companies in Thailand stock market
and Pulic's (1998) Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC TM) as
the measure of intellectual capital and developed multiple regression
model to investigate the impact of corporate value creation efficiency
on investors' capital gain. The empirical research found that firms'
intellectual capital has a significant positive relationship with its
investors' capital gain on shares. The findings enhance knowledge base
of intellectual capital and develop a concept of intellectual capital
in achieving competitive advantages in emerging economies such as
Thailand.

GERMANY: Online Banking Customers: Insights from Germany
(By Sven Christian Berger)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-04/SvenBergerFinal_PDFVersion.pdf

Online banking is wide spread among German banking customers. But what
really characterizes those customers? Using data from a nation-wide
survey of about 20,000 retail-banking customers, the authors analyze
the profile of online banking customers and their banking behavior.

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\

Call for Paper for Ecommerce & Internet Governance conference

La Rochelle Business School, Laval University (Canada), University of
Poitiers & University of Sfax are pleased to announce the First Global
Conference on "eCommerce & Internet Governance", October 19-20, in
Sousse (Tunisia) with the Information and Management Association
(AIM), The International Telecommunication Society (ITS), The Internet
Society (ISOC France, Quebec et Tunisia), The Journal of Internet
Banking and Commerce and the support of the European Social Fund.

This conference seeks to establish a vibrant and constructive global
dialogue between senior industry executives, investors, central
bankers, government policymakers and leading academics on how to
radically improve eCommerce effectiveness and Internet Governance
which includes the governance of Internet infrastructures, the
governance of the content exchanged through the Internet, and the
governance of organisations in the context of the information society.
/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\


/---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------\
The World-Leading Web Security Audit ADDSecure.Net(TM) Audit
encompasses a range of Internet network and server audit and testing
services. The program is powerful enough to satisfy the strenuous
demands of leading government organizations, banks and private
corporations, yet it can meet the budget requirements of even small
firms. Further information is at:
http://www.addsecure.net/info/service.htm
\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------/



=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Chief Editor: Nikhil Agarwal

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord
Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
US Contributing Editor: Joshua Fogel
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to: array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 12 No. 2 August 2007
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0708/0708-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

From time to time it might be useful to look anew at various pages on
the JIBC Web site. Today I invite you, our esteemed reader, to join us
in a virtual travel to our Editorial Board page
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/editors.asp, where you might
find some new faces and some familiar names with the new
responsibilities.  The changes in the Editorial Board reflect the
positive growth of the JIBC academic and professional community.

First, my congratulations to JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal
on his new exciting appointment as the founding head of Zensar Global
Business School in Pune, India. Well done Nikhil!

Second, Prof. Joshua Fogel, who for the last couple of years has been
spearheading JIBC academic reference publications activities and,
jointly with Dr. Agarwal, worked on ensuring high academic standard of
JIBC peer-reviewed research papers, has agreed to fill the
newly-established position of the Deputy Editor-in-Chief. JIBC
listings growth in the leading academic reference publications and
search engines (see
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/guides.htm#Listing) is a good
reflection of Joshua's activities. Again, my sincere thanks to Nikhil
Agarwal, Joshua Fogel, our Managing Editor Xin "Robert" Luo and
Mailing List Managing Editor Anne-Marie Jennings for their determined
effort in putting together this highly regarded publication that deals
with the innovation in e-commerce, e-business and e-banking areas.

I would also like to welcome a new Contributing Editor from the Latin
America, Prof. Carlo G. P. Bellini from Universidade Federal da Paraba
(UFPB) at João Pessoa, Brazil (which has a distinction to be the
easternmost city of the Americas!) We have high hopes for Dr.
Bellini's participation at the JIBC Editorial Board and are especially
happy that our editorial representation of high economic growth BRIC
countries (Brasil, Russia, India and China) has been heightened. We
are looking forward to new exciting contributions from these countries.

Speaking of the positive growth, I have read with particular interest
the article of Guosong Shao from University of Alabama on the
diffusion of online banking: research trends in the current JIBC
issue. This quantitative study clearly reflects the growth in JIBC's
academic stature. Clearly, our comprehensive multi-subject publication
is among the subject leaders even when compared with the most
reputable international publications that specialize in e-commerce and
e-banking innovation.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe.  On page
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp you will find links
to posting our publication to Digg this, del.icio.us and Slashdot.
Please share information about JIBC articles with the Internet
community and suggest to us new ways to promote JIBC among the
academic and professional communities around the globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your own articles - along with the rest of JIBC edition - to
at least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and the Journal of
Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to
email editions. After all, we send it around just 3-4 times a year.

A special appeal to e-commerce/e-business students to pass a word
about JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to
ask them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and academic reference
publications. Also, if you notice publications referring to JIBC
articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!

======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/EditorialNote_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Sub-prime market tremors were felt across the world. In many Asian
countries tremors have taken shape of tsunami. One of my colleagues
jokingly attributed the situation as global warming of economy. I
would agree with him to certain extent, the global climate change of
economy is not yet over. In another major development, London
Inter-Bank Offer Rates (LIBOR) have jumped to a 20-year record as
senior bankers, economists, financial analysts and traders warn that
central banks have not properly understood or recognised the dangers
ahead. Few economists in London were heard saying" "this is a storm in
a tea cup and it will soon blow over, enjoy the holidays!" Till then,
we are keeping our finger crossed. I would urge our readers/authors to
highlight the cases in their home country like what are the measures
government is taking, what is the sentiment in the domestic industry,
how is the overall environment of the economy. Please do submit short
articles on any of the related themes.

I am pleased to announce that JIBC has partnered with Worldwide
Business Research to provide academic support to ProcureCon Indirect
USA 2008 http://www.wbresearch.com/procureconindirectusa to be held
between January 29th-30th, 2008 at Atlanta, GA. Worldwide Business
Research has offered a 15% discount to JIBC readers who wish to attend
Procure Indirect USA 2008. Please contact Ms. Amy Rae Stephenson for
any further information at  amyrae.stephenson@... . Kindly,
make it convenient to attend.

Please join me in congratulating Dr Joshua Fogel who has agreed to
assume a larger role in JIBC. Dr Fogel is now elevated to Deputy
Editor-in-Chief. Also, I would take this opportunity to welcome Dr.
Carlo G. P. Bellini from beautiful Brazil to join us on editorial
board. Dr Bellini Associate Professor of Information Systems and
Vice-Head of the Graduate School of Management at the Centre for the
Applied Social Sciences (CCSA), Universidade Federal da Paraba (UFPB)
at João Pessoa, Brazil the Easternmost city of the Americas.

In this issue we have 11 articles from 3 continents & 8 countries.
Guosong Shao of University of Alabama has written excellent article
providing a detailed picture of research trends and rigorousness in
online banking research. Ki Soon Lee, Hyung Seok Lee and Sang Yong Kim
from South Korea have highlighted the factors influencing the adoption
of mobile banking services in South Korea. Khalil Md Nor and J.
Michael Pearson have worked on 'softer' side of internet banking, i.e.
Trust. They argued in online environment, trust has been suggested to
play an important role in influencing one's acceptance of an innovation.

Our old friend & now a regular author Goi Chai Lee has written an
interesting paper on correlation between Internet & ICT, website
development & Internet marketing. His paper reflects the perception of
marketers in Malaysia & Singapore. In another paper from Malaysia,
Yahya Dauda, A. Solucis Santhapparaj and David Asirvatham discussed
the impact of ecommerce security, and national environment on consumer
adoption of Internet Banking in Malaysia and Singapore.

In an interesting article from Turkey Murat Hakan Altıntas and Necmi
G'rsakal surveyed complaints from 200 bank customers to analyze the
phishing attacks and perceptions of service quality in Turkish banks.
Charles K. Ayo, Uyinomen O. Ekong, Adebiyi Ayodele A. and Fatudimu
Ibukun Tolulope from Nigeria discusses the trends & issues in
M-Commerce implementation in Nigeria. Bruce Budd & Daniel Budd from
UAE have done a preliminary empirical investigation of
"Brick-to-Click" banking presence in the UAE.

Ela Kumar & Shruti Kohli from India, in their opinion article, has
done strategic analysis of search engine advertising in web-based
commerce. In another opinion article N.P. Singh gives a detailed
overview of phishing attacks and its implication on the banking industry.

From this issue we are restarting our old service of book-reviews.
Arthur J. Cordell & Prabir K. Neogi has done excellent review of
Internet Governance: An Introduction by Ravi Kumar Jain Bandamutha
(ed). I would request the editors/authors to submit at least 3 such
reviews in every issue. Though we believe in online content, still we
would not undermine the power, knowledge & satisfaction of reading a
good book.

Please write to me for your feedback. We strongly value your feedback.
We are now working on the new look of JIBC. Hopefully, we would
surprise you with something "kool" in the next issue.

Have a profitable year ahead.

======================
OPINION ARTICLES
======================

INDIA: Online Frauds in Banks with Phishing
(By N. P. Singh)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/Singh_final_PDFReady.pdf

Hi-tech fraudsters have urbanized a new way of tricking on line
banking customers. One such most well-known and fast-growing technique
is phishing. The latest in phishing is application of Trojan horse
program. Trojan horse" program insinuates itself into a user's
computer via e-mail and directs the user of the system to website
which is exactly similar to financial institution web site. Crooks
pick up passwords and account numbers as soon as customer logon to
these sites. Keeping in view the serious threats of phishing attacks,
the author analyzes the trends of major activities of the phishing
across globe specifically in the banking sector.

UAE: A Preliminary Investigation of "Brick to Click" Banking Presence
in the United Arab Emirates
(By Bruce Budd and Daniel Budd)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/2007-08/Bruce_final_PDFReady.pdf

This preliminary study undertakes to investigate the extent and
quality of electronic banking (e-banking) in UAE.  Banks worldwide are
now moving rapidly to an era of technological change. Online versions
of most existing payment methods are appearing rapidly bringing about
profound changes in the whole system of financial services and
intermediation.  While many banks especially in Europe and the U.S.
have adopted Internet banking, this research shows that the majority
of banks in U.A.E. are still in the early stages of developing e-banking.


MALAYSIA: Correlation Between Internet and ICT, Web Development and
Internet Marketing: Perception of Marketers in Malaysia and Singapore
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/ChaiLeeGoi_finalReady.pdf

The main objective of this study is to review the adoption of Internet
and ICT, Web site development and Internet marketing, as well as to
study the correlation between these three factors. This study also
tries to study marketers' perception in Malaysia and Singapore on the
implication of the Internet and ICT on Web site development and
implication of Web site development on Internet marketing. The overall
of 200 samples shows that the correlation between the Internet and
ICT, Web site development, and Internet marketing are positive. The
analysis of each country, Malaysia and Singapore also shows that there
are positive correlations for all the variables. The study proved that
the Internet and ICT have a statistically significant positive impact
on Web site development in Malaysia and Singapore. The study also
concluded that Web site development has a statistically significant
positive impact on the Internet marketing in Malaysia and Singapore.

INDIA: A Strategic Analysis of Search-based Advertising in Web-based
Commerce
(By Ela Kumar)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/shruti_finalReady.pdf

This paper explores the role of the search engine in the online
business industry. This paper discusses the Search Engine advertising
programs and provides an insight about the revenue generated online
via Search Engine.  It explores the growth of the online business
industry in India and emphasises the role of search engines as the
major advertising vehicle. A case study on revolution of Indian
Advertising Industry has been conducted and its impact on online
revenue evaluated.

=============================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=============================

USA: The Diffusion of Online Banking: Research Trends from 1998 to 2006
(By Guosong Shao)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/shao_finalReady.pdf

This paper provides a detailed picture of research trends and
rigorousness in online banking research. Through content analysis, it
examines the frequency, occurrence patterns, research topics, and
methodological status of all previous online banking articles (N =
54). The findings of this study reveal a dominance of articles dealing
with the attributes of online banking and the characteristics of
adopters. The findings also show an obvious unbalance in publication
sources, research perspective, research methods, and sampling
techniques in online banking research. It is thus concluded that more
diversified topical coverage and better methodological rigors are
needed in future online banking studies. As the only trend research on
online banking, this paper offers useful trend information as well as
insightful directions for future research.

SOUTH KOREA: Factors Influencing the Adoption Behaviour of Mobile
Banking; A South Korean Perspective
(By Ki Soon Lee and Song Yong Kim)
http://arraydev/com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/hyungseoklee_finalReady.pdf

The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing the
adoption of mobile banking service. We specifically focused our
attention on perceived risk, perceived usefulness, and trust in mobile
banking adoption. This study modified the concept of a technology
acceptance model (TAM) within the context of mobile banking. It
introduced "perceived risk" and "trust" in a proposed model to reflect
consumers' needs to use mobile banking. In addition to the
satisfactory fit level of our proposed model, we concluded that
perceived risk indirectly influences adoption behaviour but only when
it was via trust. Using the mobile banking service context, we also
obtained strong empirical evidence for measuring perceived risks'
dimensions. Evidence for a composite perceived risk variable was
identified. We found the strong inhibiting effect of perceived risk on
trust. This result encouraged the decomposition of the perceived risk
variable into its theorized dimensions. The financial-performance risk
dimension proved to be the most salient concern for this sample and
its context. Trust also had stronger influence on the adoption
behaviour of mobile banking than perceived usefulness, which was used
as an important variable in the traditional TAM variables.

MALAYSIA AND USA: The Influence of Trust on Internet Banking
(By Khalil Md Nor and J. Michael Pearson)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/md_nor_finalReady.pdf

The theory of diffusion of innovation (IDT) has been widely used to
examine factors that influence an individual to adopt an innovation or
a new technology. In online environment, trust has been suggested to
play an important role in influencing one's acceptance of an
innovation. The purpose of this study is to test empirically the
influence of trust together with some of the attributes of IDT on
Internet banking acceptance.

MALAYSIA: The Impact of e-Commerce Security, and National Environment
on Consumer Adoption of Internet Banking in Malaysia and Singapore
(By Yahya Duda, A Soulcis Santhapparaj, David Asirvatham, and Murali
Raman)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/murali_finalReady.pdf

One of the haunting problems of Internet banking in Malaysia is the
slow in acceptance of this innovative distribution channel for banking
products and services. This paper addresses the perceived e-commerce
security influence on adoption of Internet banking, and the role of
national environmental factors such as attitude, subjective norms, and
perceived behavioural control factors towards adoption, and compares
these factors with Singapore Internet banking adoption.

TURKEY: Phishing Attacks and Perceptions of Service Quality: A Content
Analysis of Internet Banking in Turkey
(By Murat Hakan Altintas and Necmi G'rsakal)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/hakan_finalReady.pdf

In Internet banking, which is a trust-based system, phishing attacks
and Internet fraud can affect the customers' view of the service
quality provided by the banks. Theft of the customers' personal
identity information can cause the customers to lose their confidence
in the system and their banks. Within this context, content analysis
was used to develop an examination of the complaints of 200 bank
customers. The present analysis only contains the customers who had
experienced money transfer problems as a result of Internet fraud. As
a result of the study, the deficiencies in the service quality were
classified into 41 basic groups, which were then arranged into and 6
dimensions. The importance of each dimension, as measured by the
frequency of their occurrence, was then determined. The results
obtained provide some suggestions for the banks on how to approach
customers who have experienced such problems, and the things they
should they provide in terms of customer care services.

NIGERIA: M-Commerce Implementation in Nigeria: Trends and Issues
(By Charles K. Ayo and Adebiyi Ayodele A.)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/ayo_finalReady.pdf

Nigeria was described as the fastest growing telecoms nation in Africa
and the third in the World. The country had experienced a phenomenal
growth from a teledensity of 0.49 in 2000 to 25.22 in 2007. This trend
has brought about a monumental development in the major sectors of the
economy, such as banking, telecoms and commerce in general. This paper
presents the level of adoption of ICT in the banking sector and
investigates the prospects of m-Commerce in Nigeria based on
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis.
Findings revealed that all banks in Nigeria offer e-Banking services
and about 52% of the offer some forms of m-Banking services. The banks
and the telecoms operators have enormous potentials and opportunities
for m-Commerce but the level of patronage, quality of cell phones,
lack of basic infrastructure and security issues pose a major threat
to its wide scale implementation.


=============
BOOK REVIEW
=============

CANADA: Internet Governance: An Introduction
(By Arthur J. Cornell and Prabir K. Neogi)
http://arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-08/Cordell_Book_Review_finalReady.pdf

Internet Governance: An Introduction offers a complete guide to the
"ins and outs" of Internet governance.  Drawing on a range of
international authors Internet Governance is best suited for those
seeking an overview of the range of issues involved as the Internet
becomes increasingly important to business and to society in general,
affecting the daily lives of millions of people around the world.

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\

Call for Paper for Ecommerce & Internet Governance conference

La Rochelle Business School, Laval University (Canada), University of
Poitiers & University of Sfax are pleased to announce the First Global
Conference on "eCommerce & Internet Governance", October 19-20, in
Sousse (Tunisia) with the Information and Management Association
(AIM), The International Telecommunication Society (ITS), The Internet
Society (ISOC France, Quebec et Tunisia), The Journal of Internet
Banking and Commerce and the support of the European Social Fund.

This conference seeks to establish a vibrant and constructive global
dialogue between senior industry executives, investors, central
bankers, government policymakers and leading academics on how to
radically improve eCommerce effectiveness and Internet Governance
which includes the governance of Internet infrastructures, the
governance of the content exchanged through the Internet, and the
governance of organisations in the context of the information society.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


/---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------\
The World-Leading Web Security Audit ADDSecure.Net(TM) Audit
encompasses a range of Internet network and server audit and testing
services. The program is powerful enough to satisfy the strenuous
demands of leading government organizations, banks and private
corporations, yet it can meet the budget requirements of even small
firms. Further information is at:
http://www.addsecure.net/info/service.htm
\---------------------ADVERTISEMENT-------------------/



=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord
Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
Latin America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 12 No. 3 December 2007
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/0712-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Community Building

I am always amazed by the geographic, cultural and business diversity
of JIBC readers, authors, and our volunteer editors. In contrast to
more traditional methods, Internet publishing truly adds value, not
just assembles together a set of the leading scholars, researchers,
experts and practitioners in the given field. Well-positioned and
respected journals, like JIBC, allow experts from all the corners of
the world to become an integral part of the global community of action
and positive change.

That's not to say that we all have to think alike, or that JIBC
Editorial Board is trying to impose some artificial uniformity. Our
community is always in transition, as the field of our discussion is
new, diverse and frequently controversial - it touches lives of real
people. Some well-tested "common sense" business and commerce ideas do
not stand a chance in the new ebusiness paradigm. Legislation,
technologies, as well as government, social, financial, industrial and
environmental frameworks are sometimes hopelessly out of date.

Dear reader and author - I feel that is our joint responsibility, a
unique opportunity, and an honour to contribute to the global
prosperity. This we can do by deriving novel ecommerce and ebanking
solutions that the generations to come can use in making their life
better.

Blessed are those few who can afford to live and function outside of
the modern commercial and financial frameworks. For the rest of us
(i.e., the absolute majority of global population), financial and
business consideration are often a source of everyday effort and
concerns. Hopefully, our Journal contributes in a modest way to
resolving important business and commercial issues of the day; and,
with some luck, of the years to come.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe. On page
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp you will find links
to posting our publication to Digg this, del.icio.us and Slashdot.
Please share information about JIBC articles with the Internet
community and suggest to us new ways to promote JIBC among the
academic and professional communities around the globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your own articles - along with the rest of JIBC edition - to
at least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure they are aware of your articles and the Journal of
Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to
email editions. After all, we send it around just 3-4 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and academic reference
publications. Also, if you notice publications referring to JIBC
articles, please let us know. Let's spread the word!

======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/EditorialNote.pdf
======================

In last editorial I have spoken about subprime tremors and global
warming of economy. As expected, these tremors and global warming
signals have their first victims. Citigroup, UBS, Soc Gen every bank
balance sheet is in red. Reason? Reason may be simple, they were not
smart enough to see the future. Many of you may laugh at the comment
that biggest banks in the world are smart enough ... but think again !!

At Soc Gen a rogue trader has cost them Euro 7.2 billion dollars. I
wonder how can smart and technology savvy bank like Soc Gen have faced
such crisis. How it is possible that anybody has not noticed such
large fund movements, it is against the ERP rules of workflow. I would
term it social engineering. In end Feb, I am speaking at 10th Fund
Compliance Summit at Luxembourg. The theme of my presentation is
'Methods to Evade Social Engineering Attacks and how to create
checks/balances to avoid human errors'. It is easier to create a
world-class IT infrastructure, but we should not forget that the
management is still in hands of human being. Therefore, it is
essential to have human-system-chain methodology to avoid blunders in
future.

In this issue we have 12 articles. S Arumuga from India gives a
glimpse of the need & role of virtual trainer in the organization. The
paper talks about the new trend in implementing virtual trainer in
Multiuser Virtual Reality system. Tariq Bhatti from UAE explores the
factors influencing the adoption of mobile commerce. Blanca
Hernández-Ortega from Spain discusses the analysis of Web Navigability
in Spanish Internet Banking. In this paper authors have analysed
empirically all the Spanish banking entities with a presence on the
Internet and have measured the level of navigability in the sector.
Geoffrey H. Tanakinjal from Malaysia has shared an analysis of mobile
devices and communication. Authors believe that their research will
contribute to the mechanism used by telecommunication service
companies to communicate about their services. George Rigopoulos from
Greece talks about Technology Acceptance Model Framework to Evaluate
Users' Perception towards Online Electronic Payments.

Our regular contributor Hanudin from Malaysia explores the technology
acceptance of Internet banking among undergraduate students in
Malaysia. Hong-Jen Lin from US, his article adopts the complementary
assets model to analyze the environmental issues of international
e-finance under the new Basel Accord. In another interesting article
that gives different dimension and extension of Technology Acceptance
Model; Muniruddeen Lallmahamood of Mauritius gives an examination of
individual's perceived security and privacy of the Internet in
Malaysia and the influence of this on their Intention to use
e-commerce. Jarunee Wonglimpiyarat from Thailand gives overview of the
business strategy in managing payment innovations. His study looks at
the smart card - electronic cash (e-cash) innovation in the financial
service industry. Ghulam Muhammad Kundi discusses the opportunities
and threats of eBusiness in Pakistan.

Overall a very strong issue with global footprints. Enjoy the New Year
and hope the global warming of economy should see another Al Gore.

=============================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=============================

USA: The Strategies of International E-Finance Under Basel II: A
Complementary Assets Approach
(By Hong-Jen Lin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/HongJenLin_Final.pdf

This article adopts the complementary assets model to analyze the
environmental issues of international e-finance under the new Basel
Accord (Basel II). The capability of a bank to comply with Basel II is
regarded as the complementary assets and the e-finance is treated as
the innovative new technology in the model. Based on the analysis,
several strategies that bankers may take are suggested. The analysis
shows that Basel II will obviously foster more e-finance investments
and the use e-finance will make the supervisory work under Basel II
regulations a challenge.

AUSTRALIA: An Examination of Individual's Perceived Security and
Privacy of the Internet in Malaysia and the Influence of This on Their
Intention to Use E-Commerce: Using An Extension of the Technology
Acceptance Model
(By Muniruddeen Lallmahood)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Muniruddeen_Final.pdf

This study explores the impact of perceived security and privacy on
the intention to use Internet banking. An extended version of the
technology acceptance model (TAM) is used to examine the above
perception. A survey was distributed, the 187 responses mainly from
the urban cities in Malaysia, have generally agreed that security and
privacy are still the main concerns while using Internet banking. The
research model explains over half of the variance of the intention to
use Internet banking [R2 = 0.532 (adjusted)], the unexplained 47
percent of variance suggests that the model may have excluded other
possible factors influencing the acceptance of Internet banking.
Interaction in the local language (Bahasa Malaysia) did not have an
impact on the ease of use of Internet banking. Internet security,
Internet banking regulations and customers' privacy would remain
future challenges of Internet banking acceptance. The value of this
study may provide an updated literature in the field of Internet
banking acceptance in Malaysia.

MALAYSIA: ICT Adoption in Malayasian SMEs from Services Sectors:
Preliminary Findings
(By Alam. S. S. Mara and Nilufar Ahsan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Syed_accepted.pdf

The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which
small and medium size businesses in the southern region in Malaysia
are prepared for ICT adoption. Most of the businesses have now
accepted ICT as an important tool to increase its business in the
domestic as well as global market place. In future ICT will grow more
rapidly in the Malaysian SMEs sectors. In order to increase the
effectiveness of ICT, companies can use Internet to present almost
unlimited information about their products and services in cyberspace.
Through judgment sampling SMEs from service sectors of northern region
was selected as the research area for this study. This study
investigates the rate of usage of ICT by the SMEs. The survey was
conducted by mail and the findings are summarized herein.

UAE: Exploring Factors Influencing the Adoption of Mobile Commerce
(By Tariq Bhatti)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/bhatti_Final.pdf

This study presents an extended technology acceptance model that
integrates innovation diffusion theory to investigate what determine
user mobile commerce acceptance. This paper models the factors
relationships such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use,
personal innovativeness, subjective norms, behavioural control and
intention to adopt mobile commerce. The proposed model was empirically
tested using data collected from a survey of mobile commerce
consumers. Empirical data from regression analysis reflects users ease
of use influence behavioural intention to adopt mobile commerce. The
majority of positive relationships between perceived ease of use,
subjective norms, behavioural control and intention to adopt are
supported by empirical data. Results also reveal that behavioural
control and subjective norms influence perceived ease of use that
affects then their adoption intention. The paper concludes some
important implications for the practitioners.

SPAIN: An Analysis of Web Navigability in Spanish Internet Banking
(By Blanca Hernandez-Ortega, Julio Jimenez-Martinez and Jose Martin de
Hoyos)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Blanca_Final.pdf

The Internet has an ever-growing importance in the banking sector
because of the advantages it brings to both the entities and their
customers. However, not all the financial entities that have adopted
e-banking have been successful, often because of an inadequate website
design. A navigable website allows the users to find the information
they want and carry out their operations quickly. The objective of
this paper is to analyse the navigability of the websites of Spanish
financial entities. To do so, different e-tools that determine web
navigability have been identified, defining their importance for a
correct interaction between the entities and the customers.
Furthermore, we have analysed empirically all the Spanish banking
entities with a presence on the Internet and have measured the level
of navigability in the sector.

MALAYSIA: Mobile Devices and Communication: An Analysis
(By Geoffrey H. Tanakinjal, Hanudin Amin, Nelson Lajuni and Jetol
Bolongkikit)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Geoffrey_Final.pdf

Communication through mobile devices is no longer treated as a new
phenomenon. Nevertheless, consumers' attitude towards electronic
marketing applications is still vague from the perspective of
acceptance. Text messaging is currently the best way to keep in touch
when the environment is not conducive to talk which includes being in
a noisy bar, on a crowded train, in a meeting or just do not want to
be overheard. The purpose of this paper was to determine factors that
influence consumer behaviour (mobile phone owners) in communicating
via SMS services. Indirectly, this research will contribute to the
mechanism used by telecommunication service companies to communicate
about their services. By identifying the influential factors and
isolating approaches that will not attract consumer, this can
eventually contribute to the success of introducing new or modified
products and services.

GREECE: A TAM Framework to Evaluate Users' Perceptions Towards Online
Electronic Payments
(By George Rigopoulous and Dimitrios Askounis)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/George_final.pdf

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is capable of explaining user
behaviour across a broad range of end-user computing technologies and
user populations. In its original form TAM has been extensively
incorporated as a methodology to measure attitude towards technology
adoption from users in multiple domains, as well as within financial
domain. TAM variations have also been proposed and applied for
measuring users' attitude towards adoption of several IT based
services. In this paper we demonstrate a revised TAM model for
measuring users' attitude towards online electronic payments adoption.
We present the model developed, as well as initial results from a
relevant survey at a Greek bank's target users group.

THAILAND: E-Payment Strategies of Bank Card Innovations
(By Jarunee Wonglimpiyarat)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Wonglimpiyarat_Final.pdf

This paper is concerned with the business strategy in managing payment
innovations. Particularly, the study looks at the smart card -
electronic cash (e-cash) innovation in the financial service industry.
The smart card e-cash has yet to overcome obstacles to its diffusion.
Given the e-commerce opportunity, banks and non-banks compete to
deploy smart card technology for Internet use. A review of previous
payment innovations is also carried out to provide suggesting
direction on the innovation proliferation. The paper firstly examines
the payment market on the whole (the global review). The subsequent
section discusses the challenges in the e-payment world and the
strategies to support the diffusion of the smart card innovations.

PAKISTAN: E-Business in Pakistan: Opportunities and Threats
(By Ghulam Muhammad Kundi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Kundi_final.pdf

Several studies of eBusiness in developing countries have emphasized
the influence of obstacles related to PCs-penetration, cultural and
economical infrastructure, and regulatory environment as major
determinants of eBusiness success. IT has revolutionized the way
organizations conduct business round the globe. Now business is
conducted online (eBusiness) instead of conventional means. In
Pakistan, eBusiness is facing both technical and non-technical issues
from management perspectives. A huge body of research is going on to
unfold the key issues of eBusiness. This paper focuses on the key
components of each of the above-mentioned issues, e.g. cultural issues
i.e. language, shopping habits, and use of credit etc.

The primary data collected through structured questionnaires was
analyzed and tested through correlation, regressions' analysis and
t-test. It has been found that all independent variables: economic,
political, business, cultural and marketing is mutually correlated and
has significant impact on shaping and reshaping of eBusiness in
Pakistan. Moreover, management implications along with possible
solutions to the barriers of eBusiness in Pakistan are presented.

MALAYSIA: Internet Banking Adoption Among Young Intellectuals
(By Hanudin Amin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Hanudin_Final.pdf

The aim of this paper is to study technology acceptance of Internet
banking among undergraduate students in Malaysia. Thus, the
theoretical framework of the paper is based on modified version of
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This paper develops a technology
acceptance model for Internet banking, a conceptual framework to
explain the factors influencing undergraduate students' acceptance of
Internet banking.

The model employs perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use
(PEOU), perceived credibility (PC) and computer self-efficacy (CSE).
The first two are two initial constructs for TAM model. The rest are
new constructs to be included in the model in order to have an
extension of TAM model that better reflects the students' view. The
results suggest that PU, PEOU and PC had a significant relationship
with behavioural intention. Further, these measures are good
determinant for undergraduate acceptance for Internet banking. Results
also suggest that PU and PEOU had a significant relationship with CSE.
On the contrary, CSE did not associate with PC. Also, PEOU had a
significant relationship with PU and PC that indicate these scales are
related to PEOU in explaining undergraduate preference. The paper is
useful in providing the understanding of the TAM among undergraduate
from Malaysians' perspective.

======================
OPINION ARTICLES
======================

INDIA: Glimpses for Effective Implementation of Virtual Trainer
(By S. Arumunga Perumal)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2007-12/Arumuga_perumal_FinAL.pdf

This paper discusses and suggests some ideas and necessary changes in
implementation of virtual trainer in an organization. With the
invention of new technologies like high speed computer networks and
multimedia computers, there is an increasing awareness that direct
face to face teaching is not the only possible mode of training
methodology in an organization. There is a demand for preparing high
quality multimedia training material across all faculties, which can
be used by learners of the course who either cannot attend the live
lectures or prefer to study in an off-line mode. Assignments, Seminars
and evaluations are done though on line mode. A new trend in
implementing virtual trainer in Multi-user Virtual Reality system is
discussed in this paper. The awareness of computer-based training is
analyzed with employees of different categories. This method also
leads to the development of effective implementation of web based
virtual trainer through out the world in the near future.

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=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord
Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 13 No. 1 April 2008
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/0804-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Global Competitive Strategies

I just came from Pune, India, which I visited at the kind invitation
of our distinguished Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal, here in his
capacity as the Director of Zensar Center for Business Innovation
(ZCBI). At ZCBI Post Graduate Program in Business Transformation I
gave a cycle of interactive lectures on Global Competitive Strategies
for Technology-Based Organizations to Nikhil's cohort of very capable
students eager to learn how to win in the new global economy.

I did encourage the students to subscribe to JIBC - hopefully we will
have a number of new proactive users eager to employ the wealth of
academic research and practical experience represented by this
publication. My special greetings are to all those students who did
subscribe, both from ZCBI and the rest of the world. (By the way,
anyone who might be interested in engaging globally-oriented business
transformation professionals is encouraged to contact Nikhil, and
hopefully will not be disappointed in the outcome).

In preparation to my trip, I have read numerous eyewitness accounts
about India's economic boom, with the emerging middle class
establishing itself as the major global player. Still, I was quite
impressed with the pace of change and the sophistication and modernity
of the emerging Indian technological and business society. Nowhere it
is more apparent than in Pune, which is rapidly establishing itself as
a major high-tech hub of India and the world.

My trip made me to think more carefully of the global value of
articles published by JIBC. It appears to me that encouraging
effective globalization should be a personal business for all of us,
especially the crew of JIBC authors and editors.

For instance, it would be interesting and effective if every JIBC
author from the developing country were to invite as a co-author a
leading expert from the developed country and vice versa. i.e.,
together you can explore whether solutions already working in one
economy are applicable to some other. Most likely it will be an
effective and cross-beneficial learning process, whose outcome would
be useful for the rest of the world. (Feel free to drop us a line with
the alternative proposal on how to organize cooperation of academics
and practitioners in different economic societies).

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe. Please share information about JIBC articles
with the Internet community and suggest to us new ways to promote JIBC
among academics and professionals from around the globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your own articles - along with the rest of JIBC edition - to
at least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure that they are well aware of your articles and the
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also
subscribe to email editions. After all, we send it around just 3-4
times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates, and, more importantly, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and academic reference
publications. Also, if you notice publications referring to JIBC
articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/EditorialNote.pdf
======================

3F - Fuel, Food and Finance crisis is keeping thinkers busy around the
world. 2008 is considered to be quite eventful year be it Olympic or
global crisis. My students ask questions on pattern of the crisis, as
a Professor of business management, I found it very difficult to
answer. All the theories & concepts of economics have gone wired which
are framing the basis of world economy. Academicians & thinkers are
buring midnight oil across the continents to concentrate on areas
which might need broader attention & deeper thinking to survive
economic slowdown. For eg: one of them is demographic studies; D K
Matai in his recent note said "Nothing less than fundamental re-design
of our political processes will even begin to allow us to deal with
issues that require a generational attention span. Most notable among
these is manifest overpopulation, failure on which will at the very
best severely handicap all other efforts. Among the many planetary
scale problems, demographics is perhaps the most neglected."

Last month, JIBC publisher Nahum Goldmann and Editor Edwin Jacobs
visited me in Pune, India. They were teaching to the Master's students
who are doing their degree in Business Transformation. It was Edwin's
first visit to any Asian country, and he was surprised to see the
economic development in this part of the world. He asked me if the
Asian countries are much dependent on western countries & their market
is continuously expanding, then why there is a slowdown in the
economy. He was referring to the portfolio approach for the economy;
the slowdown in one market can be compensated by blockbuster
performance in other. The Asian economies and financial institutions
are more-or-less untouched by the financial turmoil in west, may be
due to strong domestic markets. However, we can feel the shadow of the
slowdown in different forms, like the rising fuel prices have
shattered the confidence of people leading to high inflation.

The current issue is has 14 articles from different parts of the
world. I am sure you will enjoy reading them. I am using this
opportunity to congratulate our two Editors who have assumed new
responsibilities. Dr Raed Awamleh has joined as University Director at
Middlesex University in Dubai and Dr. Jean-Michel Sahut has joined as
Professor at Amiens School of Management in France. Please email your
feedback to us by using online form at
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/question.htm. Your feedback and
participation is extremely important to us.

Please ask your colleagues & friends to join the JIBC.

Nikhil Agarwal


=============================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=============================

NEW ZEALAND: Intellectual Capital: Acquisition and Maintenance: The
Case of New Zealand Banks
(By Kiran Sahrawat)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Sahrawat.pdf

The new knowledge economies have highlighted the importance of
intellectual capital (IC) and the imperative need to measure and
manage their associated costs and benefits. Banks and financial
institutions, which are rich in IC (human, customer, and social
capital), are in danger of becoming subject to 'IC walkouts' if they
resist accounting for the hidden value that exists in IC and its
constituent elements.

This paper discusses how New Zealand banks incur the cost of acquiring
IC and realize the need to recognize related cost drivers. For banks
in New Zealand, one of the most important sources of revenue or
interest income is from mortgage business. This investigation looks at
the value added by mobile mortgage managers (MMMs) and a possible
model for measuring the IC vested in MMMs.


JORDAN: A Framework for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Information
Systems at Jordan Banks: An Empirical Study
(By Ahmad Mashour and Zakaria Zaatreh)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Mashour and Zaatreh.pdf

Banks and other financial institutions in Jordan are one of the
largest investors in the fields of information systems (IS), and there
are many indications that these trends to continue in the future.
However, there is a concern among CEOs and top managers that the IS
investments are not yielding the anticipated outcomes. This paper
investigates the investment of information systems at Jordan banks and
reports the results of an empirical study that evaluates the
contribution of IS in the effectiveness of banks operations.

This paper measures the factors that determine information systems
effectiveness at Jordan main banks. These variables are presumably
system decision performance, system usage and user satisfaction among
others that are considered the most effective variables in banks
performance.

NIGERIA: Optimizing the Use of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) in Nigerian Banks
(By Ayodeji Akinolu Agboola and Rafiu Oyesota Salawu)
http;//www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Agboola_final_accepted.pdf

The study identified various Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) in use and determined how they could be utilized for optimal
performance on business transactions in the banking industry. The
selected transactions for the study are deposit, withdrawal,
enquiries, reference letters, opening and closing of accounts, funds
transfer, special bills, loans and overdraft.

The study concluded that banks should incorporate ICT into their
strategic plans for effective performance in payment and delivery
systems. Adoption and allocation of ICT should be based on proper
analysis to determine the type, nature and extent of products required
for effectiveness and efficiency.

PAKISTAN: Bankers' Perceptions of Electronic Banking in Pakistan
(By Ahmad Kaleem and Saima Ahmad)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/AhmadKaleem.pdf

Electronic distribution channels provide alternatives for faster
delivery of banking services to a wider range of customers. E-channels
have gained increasing popularity and have attracted the attention of
both academics and practitioners. This paper aims to collect bank
employees' perceptions of the potential benefits and risks associated
with electronic banking in Pakistan. The outcomes may help the
management of banks develop effective strategic planning for the
future of electronic banking in developing countries like Pakistan.

Primary sources were used to collect the data and were analyzed via
frequency analysis and mean score analysis. The results suggest that
bankers in Pakistan perceive electronic banking as tool for minimizing
inconvenience, reducing transaction costs and saving time. Similarly,
they believe that electronic banking increases the chances of
government access to public data, increases the chances of fraud and
that there is a lack of information security. Bank personnel profiles
were further analyzed in relation to their perceptions to identify
different segments among the target respondents.

The results show that public bank employees who have professional
degrees consider 'minimizing transaction costs' and 'reduction in HR
requirements' as the most and the least important benefits of
electronic banking respectively. Private bank employees who have
masters or bachelor degrees, and less than 10 years experience,
perceive 'time saving and minimizing inconvenience' as the major
benefits of electronic banking. However they did not consider
'reducing the risk of carrying cash' as an important benefit.

NIGERIA: Improving the Response Time of Online Buyers in Nigeria: the
Way Forward
(By Anu Ajayi, Adesola Aderounmu and H. Abimbola Soriyan)
http://www/arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Ajayi.pdf

Though electronic commerce (e-commerce) is yet at its infancy in
Africa and other developing countries, several factors such as lack of
trust, technology infrastructure, funds and shortage of manpower can
be attributed to this. However, the current model of web server
response time as it pertains to developing countries will however
hinder its general acceptability. The ability of E-commerce sites to
satisfy and retain their customers will no doubt depend largely on the
quality of their service delivery.

Existing Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning architectures for
E-commerce placed emphasis on WWW server and bandwidth inadequacies.
This study identified the necessity to include client's device
limitation into e-commerce QoS frameworks especially for web
applications to be deployed in Africa, if user-perceived QoS (usually
measured by response time) is to be improved. As indicated in the
study, client's device limitation is an important factor that should
be given priority. Most computer users in Africa due to the high cost
of ownership of PCs used outdated or cloned PCs whose performance
could not be guaranteed.

MALAYSIA: The End-User computing Satisfaction (EUCS) on Computerized
Accounting System (CAS): How They Perceived?
(By Azleen Illias, Norazah Bte Mohd Suki and Mohd Rushdan Yasoa)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Azleen_Illias.pdf

The purpose of this study is to measure the level of satisfaction
among the end-users of computerized accounting system (CAS) in private
companies. The study determines the relationship of five factors
(content, accuracy, format, ease of use, timeliness) that influence
satisfactory level among the end users toward the CAS. Further, this
paper examines critical factors in EUCS (content, accuracy, format,
ease of use, timeliness) that contributes most to satisfaction. The
research was conducted using a set of questionnaire to 269 private
companies' staffs that using computerized accounting system (CAS).
This study is analyzed with reliability analysis, correlation analysis
and Standardized Regression Weight (using Structural Equation
Modelling technique). The empirical results of this study can provide
support for the Doll and Torkzadeh model (1988), which related to the
factors contributing end-users' satisfaction toward accounting system.

MALYASIA: A Review of Development and Adoption of Internet and ICT in
Malaysia
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/GoiChaiLee.pdf

The main objective of this study is to review the development and
adoption of Internet and ICT in Malaysia. The adoption of ICT already
introduced in Malaysia in 1960s. Refer to 21st century, number of
studies shows that development and adoption of Internet and ICT in
Malaysia is among the highest in the ASEAN countries.

TUNISIA: Determinants and Consequences of the Website Perceived Value
(By Ines soltani and Jamel-Eddine Gharbi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Ines Soltani.pdf

Customer value is the foremost driver of competitive advantage and a
critical strategic weapon in attracting and retaining customers in the
Internet shopping environment (Lee and Overby, 2004). In this paper,
we focus on the influence of the site quality on the perceived value
and its consequences. Results of this study indicate that the
perceived value is a highly telepresence and flow state-dependent;
that perceived value generates loyalty; and that, similarly to
Mathwick et al (2001)'s findings, site preference strongly impacts
future patronage intent. Moreover, perceived value, as a whole, does
not influence preference and future frequentation of the site.
Discussions of the results and future research are offered.

INDIA: Wireless ATM: A Technological Framework to m-Banking
(By Susmi Routray, A. M. Sherry and B. V. R. Reddy)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Sushmi Routray.pdf

Mobile and Wireless communication devices are becoming enablers for
organizations to conduct business more effectively and efficiently.
One of the most effective applications is mobile banking (m-banking).
For any application to gain recognition technological advancements
play a vital role. To make m-banking application a success bandwidth
management is an important issue. The increased flexibility and
mobility feature of wireless ATM and its bandwidth on demand function
is motivating a large number of carriers towards deployment of the
WATM networks. But there are certain issues which are required to be
addressed in WATM. The issues are cost effective planning of network,
location management and handover management. In this paper we have
suggested and evaluated a technological framework for the m-banking
application using wireless ATM that optimizes the bandwidth usage and
provides an effective handover management. Simulation results show
that the resultant framework is very effective in handling the
bandwidth and the handover issue in wireless ATM and provides an
effective WATM framework model.

PAKISTAN: Customer Acceptance of Online Banking in Developing Economies
(By Tahir Masood Qureshi, Muhannad Khaqan Zafar and Muhammad Bashir Khan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Tahir Masood.pdf

Technology is affecting the life of every individual in this present
age. Online banking is also one of the technologies that are getting
recognition around the globe. There are a lot of customers around the
world who are accepting this technology very quickly but in growing
countries like Pakistan the adoption ratio is very high. There are
many banks that are providing these facilities to customers.

The basic purpose of this research is to evaluate the customer
acceptance of online banking. Almost 50% of the clients shifted from
traditional banking to online banking system. The core reason of this
transfer is perceived usefulness, security and privacy provided by
online banking.


======================
OPINION ARTICLES
======================

PHILIPPINES: The Language Business
(By Charity T. Gamboa)
http://wwww.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Charity.pdf

E-learning has become a trend wherein people would opt to learn at
their own pace. This need arises particularly when non-English
speakers would want to learn English but do not want to go through the
hassle of attending regular classes, thus, the option to study online
is a good way for them to balance their work and study time. In fact,
most of these students are traders who feel that learning English is
an essential factor in doing business and getting foreign partners.

This paper presents an overview of how there is a conflict between
issues underlying the business side of an online tutorial and the
pertinent issues of how English should be taught as a learning
process. This overview will identify the argument between the business
of online tutorial and the learning process itself and how it should
be balanced, as well as the essential ingredients of successful online
tutorials based on experiences of online tutorial schools in the
Philippines.

FRANCE: The Adoption and Diffusion of Electronic Wallets: The Case of
Moneo
(By Jean-Michel Sahut)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Jean-Micehl-Sahut.pdf

Despite the strong and consistent increase in the use of electronic
payment methods worldwide, the diffusion of electronic wallets is
still far from widespread. Analysis of the failure of electronic
wallet uptake has either focussed on technical issues or chosen to
analyse a specific scheme (Stalder, 1998). This article proposes a
joint approach to analysing key factors affecting the adoption of
e-wallets by using the 'Technology Acceptance Model" (Davis, 1999)
which we have expanded to take into account the cost of using
e-wallets. By studying the Monéo e-wallet we can use this method of
analysis and compare it against the only French scheme still in
operation.

This article explains the elements affecting the adoption of this
electronic payment method using the 'Technology Acceptance Model"
(Davis 1999) which offers a conceptual framework for analysing the
adoption of new technology from its perceived usefulness and ease of
use. We propose extending this model to incorporate the cost of using
e-wallets using the 'perceived advantage' variable that is the result
of the relation between the perceived usefulness and the cost. Then we
will try to explain the adoption of different e-wallets and of Monéo
in particular by applying this new variable.

IRAN: The Modern Integrated Payment system: The Iran Experience to Date
(By Amir Khosravani)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Khosravani.pdf

The payment system is a mechanism which enables cash-transfer
(electronically) from one account to another regardless the location
of the holding branch of each account. An integrated payment system
covers all the inter-banking payments in a synchronized and continuous
structure, and includes Real Time Gross Settlement System (RTGS),
Automatic Clearing House (ACH), and the Scrip less Securities
Settlement System (SSSS).The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of
Iran, in order to play its role and to fulfill its responsibilities,
has pursued the establishment and implementation of the real time
gross settlement system (RTGS) as the main infrastructure of
settlement, while also has developed the electronic inter-banking
billing system (Sahab) to offer a variety of real time cash-transfer
for small payments. These two infrastructures will be fully in
operation by the end of the current year. The ACH and SSSS systems
will also be considered in the next phase, in which the operating
priority is connecting such systems to the RTGS system.

The purpose of this article is to study the status and characteristics
of electronic banking and the method of implementing it in Iran. Also,
it is concluded, considering the significant increase in the
successful transactions in the Shetab center and, the outstanding
performance of the payment orders in RTGS, the hardware and software
performance of the banks are after all satisfactory. However, despite
the trivial proceedings made in such development of the electronic
banking, there still exist some obstacles and difficulties which, are
fully addressed in the following article.

MALAYSIA: E-payemnts: Problems and Prospects
(By J. Raja and M. Senthil Velmurgan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-04/Raja and velmurgan.pdf

The success of electronic commerce depends upon effective electronic
payment systems. The Internet and on-line businesses are growing
exponentially. Due to this explosive growth, electronic commerce on
the Internet uses various electronic payment mechanisms that can cater
for much diversity of applications. This paper discusses the evolution
and the growth of electronic technologies, which can provide more
advanced technical supports for electronic payment systems. The focus
of this paper is to identify and explain the different methods of
e-payment the authors analyses the challenges of electronic payments
from different perspective and provide preliminary security
countermeasures for each of the issues. Finally a number of solutions
have been proposed based on the problem and discussed on the prospect
of electronic payment system

=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord
Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 13 No. 2 August 2008
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/0808-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Banking/Technology Concentration

There is a plenty of evidence, coming from the North America, Europe,
South-East Asia, and other world regions, that ownership concentration
in the banking industry also leads to the drastic erosion in the
number of vendors that develop, sell and support specialized financial
software. The number of independent banks in the North America,
Caribbean and other parts of the world dwindles, with the very large
banks taking over their small and medium competitors entrenched in
particular localities.

A significant contributing factor to the bank industry's concentration
is the substantial cost of new Internet banking solutions that are
imposed by the legitimate concerns for privacy, security, operation
expenses, outsourcing of support, equipment maintenance, and,
increasingly considerable, reporting and compliance requirements. The
Catch-22 situation is in the fact that small financial institutions
(FIs) need relatively inexpensive and versatile solutions to support
the multitude of the new government requirements; but taking place
parallel rapid concentration in the banking technology industry shifts
its focus to servicing very large banks, where the development money
are. Small and specialized banks, trusts and insurance companies are
being squeezed in the process.

The only viable long-term solution might lie in the proactive
association of small financial institutions across the globe, and
their aggressive use of aggregated procurement power - to jointly
resolve the critical issues of privacy, security, operation costs,
support outsourcing, equipment maintenance and, increasingly
considerable, reporting and compliance. Technically such
moderate-cost/efficient solutions are becoming available with the
introduction of 64-bit computing platforms. However, they typically
require a substantial level of reengineering commitment from the top
banking executives in the exceedingly conservative industry, where
senior managers are typically reactive. Hence, the future of a small
or medium size individual bank or trust depends more on its own course
of action. The radical change in small FI survivability is still
feasible but, unfortunately, less and less probable with the passage
of time and of the new opportunities.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe. Please share information about JIBC articles
with the Internet community and suggest to us new ways to promote JIBC
among academics and professionals from around the globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors
to email your own articles - along with the rest of JIBC edition - to
at least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia, government and
industry. Make sure that they are well aware of your articles and the
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend that they also
subscribe to email editions. After all, we send it around just 3-4
times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/e-business students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more importantly, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and academic reference
publications. Also, if you notice publications referring to JIBC
articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!

======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/EditorialNote.pdf
======================

Oh My God!! These were the expressions of people when they watch twin
tower fall seven years back. I noticed the similar faces few days back
when two giants of the finance industry Lehman Brothers and Merrill
Lynch fall because of financial crisis.

Last editorial I talked about 3F crisis, however, it appears financial
crisis will swallow other two. However,  the feds have given lease of
life by providing cash-injection to crumbling markets. Is the federal
intervention considered a step towards nationalizing financial
institutions? Is it considered healthy to monitor the free market
economy? Some academics may say, this is how communism started. Strong
statement uhh!!

Recently, I was invited to Poland to participate in Baltic Innovation
Forum held in the city of Gdansk. The highlight of the forum is to
create near-shore capabilities in IT & ITES for continental Europe. I
found it an interesting development for IT & BPO companies. Eastern
Europe in particular has low cost, native speakers, highly skilled
manpower and efficient infrastructure compared to traditional IT
superpowers like India. Trends have shown that many Indian IT
companies are shifting their base to countries like Hungary, Romania &
Poland. In my opinion, the "new Europe" will see highest growth in
next decade.

In the current issue, Chitura (et al) has done critical review of
literature to study barriers to e-commerce adoption in small and
medium companies. In another important review, Chai Lee Goi
investigated implementation of M-Commerce in Malaysia. Charles Ayo (et
al) in his article discussed a framework for e-commerce implementation
in Nigeria. In this paper author undertook PEST analysis to study the
current practices not only in Nigeria but in other African nations.
Sujana Adapa explores the cultural consideration in adoption of
Internet shopping in India & Australia.

In other article, Murali Raman & his colleagues evaluate consumer
perceptions on quality of e-services and Internet banking adoption in
Malaysia. Jae Won Kim, & Hyung Seok Lee from South Korea undertook a
case of Sahmyook University in Korea to determine the underlying
factors that keep higher educators away from e-teaching, and to
discuss strategic issues associated with the diffusion of e-teaching
in the context of higher education. Yazan from Bradford University has
done an exciting comparison between UK & Jordanian banks on
quantitative evaluation of the Internet banking service encounter
quality.

As always your views are important to us, feel free to write to me
sharing your experience about JIBC.

Nikhil Agarwal

=============================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=============================

AUSTRALIA: Adoption of Internet Shopping: Cultural Consideration in
India and Australia
(By Sujana Adapa)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/Adapa.pdf

The current research paper examines the adoption of Internet shopping
patterns exhibited by Indian women currently residing in India and
Australia emphasizing on the prevailing cultural dimensions. A
conceptual framework has been developed based on the theoretical
background that links intention to shop over Internet and Hofstede's
cultural dimensions to adoption of Internet shopping. In order to test
the stated hypotheses, the proposed relationships between the
variables were empirically verified.

A web-based survey was employed using an online questionnaire as a
research instrument, and respondents were approached by posting the
questionnaire to various newsgroups. The results of the study reveal
that intention of Internet shopping as measured with the perceived
attributes significantly influences the actual adoption of Internet
shopping. With regard to the prevailing cultural dimensions in the
country of origin (India), the results obtained are as expected and
significantly influence the Internet purchases. Where as with regard
to the prevailing cultural dimensions in the country of residence
(Australia), most of the results obtained are as predicted except for
the dimension masculinity versus femininity. The results obtained are
promising for Internet marketers to formulate effective marketing
strategies apart from venture capitalists and e-commerce business
strategies.

MALAYSIA/AUSTRALIA: Information Technology in Malaysia: E-service
Quality and Uptake of Internet Banking
(By Murali Raman, Richard Stephenaus, Nafis Alam, and Mudiarasan
Kuppusamy)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/JIBCArticle_MuraliRaman.pdf

Internet banking is one of the most popular services utilized by the
Malaysian retail banking customers in recent years. Despite its
attractiveness, studies have shown that the quality of e-services is
core a issue that influences adoption of Internet banking services
worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate consumer
perceptions on quality of e-services and Internet banking adoption in
Malaysia. Results show that Internet banking users and non-users have
different expectation towards e-service quality preferences. The
implications are discussed and recommendations are made in order to
improve Internet banking service quality in Malaysia.

NIGERIA: A Framework for e-Commerce Implementation: Nigeria Case Study
(By Charles K. Ayo, Adeblyi Ayodele A., Fatudimu Ibukun Tolulope, and
Uyinomen O. Ekong)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/Ayo.pdf

The advent of the Internet has transformed the business environment in
no small measure and has influenced the ways and manner businesses are
transacted. This platform has brought about enhanced electronic and
mobile business transactions. However, the advent of e-Commerce,
m-Commerce or i-Commerce has placed a premium on the participating
organisations or nations in terms of provision of the basic
infrastructure for a secure, seamless and trusted business environment
through the electronic media.

This paper presents an exploratory study of the prospects of
e-Commerce implementation and the factors inhibiting its growth. A set
of questionnaire was designed, administered and analysed based on
political, economic, social and technological (PEST) analysis. The
PEST analysis is to help review the current practices with a view to
developing a framework for Nigeria and other developing nations in
Africa.

Findings revealed that the Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) is the most
widely used medium of e-Payment in Nigeria, which is not very suitable
for e-Commerce implementation. Similarly, the Internet penetration is
still abysmally low and is one of the major threats to e-Commerce
implementation. However, the nascent democracy enjoyed in Nigeria is
faced with some teething problems, but it promised with time, relative
political stability, direct foreign investment, improved economical
atmosphere, improved social services and technological development
more than ever witnessed in the country.

Therefore, a viable framework for Nigeria and Africa would be such
that involves the private and public partnership (PPP). This
consortium is expected to provide the platform for access to the
Internet and popularize the use of e-Payment among other things.

SOUTH KOREA: Some Considerations in Diffusing e-Teaching for Higher
Education: A Case of Sahmyook University in Korea
(By Jae Won Kim and Hyung Seok Lee)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/Lee.pdf

Over the past few years, many higher educational institutions have
begun to implement e-learning technologies, initially by blending them
with conventional classroom activities. For an educational change like
this to be truly reformative, as the educational authorities wish,
universities/colleges will need to effectively manage this transition,
as well as provide technical support to all relevant parties.

The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying factors that
keep higher educators away from e-teaching, and to discuss strategic
issues associated with the diffusion of e-teaching in the context of
higher education. One case of a smaller University in Korea was
closely analyzed for this purpose. This study focused on the
provider's side of e-learning as the delivery of course contents via
electronic media, especially the Internet.

UNITED KINGDOM: Quantative Evaluation of the Internet Banking Service
Encounter's Quality: Comparative Study Between Jordan and the UK
Retail Banks
(By Yazan K. A. Migdadi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/Yazan_1.pdf

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in the
Internet banking service encounter's quality between clicks-and-mortar
retail banks in Jordan and the different Internet banking models of
the UK retail banks, and between clicks-and-mortar and dot com. retail
banks in the UK, the web sites were evaluated by using the web site
quantitative evaluation method (QEM) that developed by Mateos et al.
(2001) and Miranda et al. (2006), the evaluation of the banks' web
sites was conducted in March 2008 for sixteen clicks-and-mortar retail
banks in Jordan, eleven clicks-and-mortar retail banks in the UK, and
six dot com. retail banks in the UK, the results indicated that; the
Internet banking service encounter quality of the clicks-and-mortar in
Jordan retail banks is very close to the UK banks, further quality of
Internet banking service encounter quality of the clicks-and-banks in
the UK.

UNITED STATES: An Innovative Spreadsheet Authoring Environment
(By Richard J. Petti and Howard I. Cannon)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/Petti.pdf

Spreadsheets are problematic components in enterprise information
systems, due to reliability and other problems. The root problem is
that the greatest strength of spreadsheets - enabling authors to work
with visual layouts of models instead of program code - is a
double-edged sword, especially in more complex applications.

Spreadsheets are simple in the sense that the set of primitive
operations is small; yet they are not simple in the sense of having a
sufficiently rich set of primitives for building complex models. What
is needed in spreadsheet land is a new synthesis of visual layout and
program structures that preserves the virtues of spreadsheets while
introducing the missing structures - time series, dimensions,
variables, data types - in a way that does not render business
analysts dependent on programmers, as BI and ERP systems often do.
This paper compares these design criteria against the new ModelSheet
authoring environment, which is based on a new symbiosis of visual
layout and program structures. ModelSheet retains the key strengths of
spreadsheets - supporting decentralized innovation by domain experts
who may not be programmers - while it improves model reliability,
model expressiveness, team collaboration, and modeler productivity.

ZIMBABWE: Barriers to Electronic Commerce Adoption in Small and Medium
Enterprises: A Critical Literature Review
(By Chitura T., Muphemi S., Dube T., and Bolongkikit J.)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/Chiturat.pdf

This study is attempting to determine if the barriers reported in
early e-commerce researches differ from those found in recent
e-commerce studies as well as exploring if the resultant barrier
groupings created from e-commerce barriers are dissimilar. To achieve
our research's aim, an extensive literature review was conducted based
on what we believe to be representative sample of some of the most
cited pieces of research on this topic. The study concludes that
though the issues inhibiting SMEs in their uptake of e-commerce are
seemingly endless, the reality is that these issues have largely
remained the same since the advent of e-commerce in the early 1990's.
The implication of our study is that researchers should stop
reinventing the list of e-commerce adoption barriers but instead focus
their efforts on how SMEs can overcome these barriers so as to reap
the full benefits of the technology.

======================
OPINION ARTICLES
======================

MALAYSIA: Review on the Implementation of Mobile Commerce in Malaysia
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-08/GoiChaiLee_Aug2008.pdf

Malaysia is the second highest mobile penetration in South East Asia
after Singapore. Although M-Commerce still at infancy stage, Malaysia
has already embarked on the adoption of M-Commerce. As the
communications and multimedia industry evolves towards convergence,
licences under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 are
formulated to be both technology and service neutral. This creates
opportunities for expansion into the industry particularly in the area
of applications service providers and provides for a more effective
utilisation of network infrastructure. To help future applications and
technologies handle M-Commerce, Varshney and Vetter (2002) proposed
four levels of M-Commerce framework: M-Commerce applications, user
infrastructure, middleware, and network infrastructure. Mohd and Osman
(2005) have adapting this model into M-Commerce applications in
Malaysia. M-Commerce does have a bright future in Malaysia. To achieve
this objective, mobile users expect an improvement in charges access
fee, network quality, accessibility and speed. Other issues need to be
considered are security and customer customisation. With government
support, M-Commerce in Malaysia has a very promising future and moves
forward in sectors that are clearly going to be the engines of growth
worldwide over the next few years.
=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and electronic
commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based marketing
practices of governments and industry. This free online interactive
journal is a way to keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide professionals
that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest Internet-based
banking and electronic trends and practices from around the world. Our
priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain JIBC as a
service that provides substantial information and an effective forum
for your articles, your letters, your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of
this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board: Gord
Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell


Please send any questions related to maintenance of
this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol. 13 No. 3 December 2008
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-012/0812-
Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Overcoming the Recession

Just repeating ad nausea that the situation is really bad today, and
it is the end of the financial world as we know it, leads us all
nowhere fast.  The new economic paradigm is just around the corner.
Unrivaled opportunities will welcome these bold souls who can foresee
and actively participate in the creation of innovative solutions.

Inevitably, the foundation of this new financially-viable paradigm
will not be built on the protectionist measures.  Rather, it will be
global in substance, regulation-driven in its structure and multi-
polar in geography.  Our informal subject cluster, consisting of the
editors, authors and readers of the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce, is most likely to emerge at the forefront of the new global
vision that will define the innovative financial, banking and
ecommerce regional and national agenda. IBC fully recognizes the
inherent worldwide diversity of the new economic order and would like
to proactively and pragmatically contribute to the formulation this
new business vision.  Undoubtedly, one of the significant new
financial and ecommerce poles will be the emerging economies of the
Middle East.

Led by our intrepid Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal, we have
combined the forces with SIST (www.sist.ac.ma), a Middle Eastern
centre of University of Sunderland in the UK (President Dr. Tariq
Obaid), as well as with Educasphere (www.educasphere.com), an upbeat
Moroccan corporation specializing in conferences, consultancy and
student orientation (Director Abdellatif Mazouz).

The resulting International Conference on eCommerce and ePayments in
Marrakech, Morocco, 24-26 July 2009
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php, which I have a privilege
to chair, promises to transpire among the earliest and most
significant milestones in redefining the new financial and ecommerce
paradigm.  Prominent experts Dr. Jean-Michel Sahut, Director of
Research Center, Amiens School of Management, France and Prof. Jay
Mitra, Associate Director and Head of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Group, Essex Business School, have agreed to join Prof. Agarwal at
the Conference Program Committee.  For Call for Papers and Panels
please see
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/userfiles/Call_4_papers_icep09.pdf.

Every ebanking and ecommerce academic and graduate student should
consider a presentation – or at least active participation – at this
important and quite interesting conference.  It looks quite promising
both in its high intellectual potential and as a gateway to the
Middle Eastern ecommerce/ebanking marketplace.  For executives and
practitioners, it might also mean an opportunity to turn around their
own professional fortunes as well as finding the new ways to prosper
for their corporations.  The Marrakesh venue is the world renown as a
city of immense beauty, friendly charm and vivid activity.

I would also much appreciate it if you can distribute this
announcement to all your colleagues and friends that might be
interested in participating, as well as to the lists and blogs that
you might run or take part at.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and
subscribers, to email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends
and discussion groups that you are participating at, and recommend
that they also subscribe.  Please share information about JIBC
articles with the Internet community and suggest to us new ways to
promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and
editors to email your own articles - along with the rest of the JIBC
edition - to at least 10 of your peers and colleagues in academia,
government and industry. Make sure that they are well aware of your
articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Recommend
that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we send it
around just 3-4 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about
JIBC to your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask
them to supply new articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and academic reference
publications.  Also, if you notice publications referring to JIBC
articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php
International Conference  on eCommerce & ePayments
Marrakech 24-26 July 2009

ICEP'09 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and
constructive global dialogue between senior industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically
improve ecommerce and epayment effectiveness.  The
conference will also provide an opportunity for ecommerce
and epayment companies to exhibit their state-of-the-art
services and products at the commercial gateway to the
Middle East.

The Conference topics are:
1) Overcoming the global financial crisis through the
expansion of ecommerce/epayments (The Marrakech
Round)
2) Profitability, governance, regulations and
compliance
3) Solutions and barriers to ecommerce and
epayments
4) Global infrastructure and the developing
countries – a lever or a hindrance?
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/EditorialNote.pdf
======================
The new year, new administration, new hope ... new recession. The
year 2009 has lot to deliver and probably it would be become one of
the most memorable year in the current century. As our publisher
Nahum Goldmann has said in his note, beating the bush will not lead
us to anywhere. We have to find the greens in the desert, sooner we
do it, better for economy. For instance, the green in the desert may
be Asian economies like India who is poised to grow by 7.1% despite
of the slowdown. The renewed thinking on investments in the
developing economy in core sectors may balance the growth rate world-
wide. It is said by one of the thinkers, `Road is long, keep
walking'.

JIBC is pleased to announce our association with `International
Conference on eCommerce and ePayments 09' at Marrakech, Morocco 24-26
July 2009. The call for papers and complete information about the
conference including themes, tracks, visitor information is available
on the conference website http://www.icep.educasphere.com/ . I am
sure it would be great intellectual gathering giving different
perspective on MENA region financial markets. JIBC would organize a
special issue in August/September 2009 to include the selected papers
from IEC09.

In this issue we are papers from 3 different continents and 6
different countries. Egwali in his article talks about customer
perception of security indicators for online banking websites in
Nigeria. In another article from Nigeria Tella & Paul gives overview
of problems & suggest the way forward for SMEs participation in
electronic economy. Christos in his article has given a comprehensive
commentary of internet banking website performance in Greece.

Our regular contributor Hanudin writes on prospects & challenges of e-
business from Islamic perspectives in Malaysia. In other interesting
article from France Sebastian, Vincent and Luc gives a qualitative
analysis of different models of e-commerce performance and suggested
a global theory based on their findings. Michael & Yair from USA
gives an empirical assessment of banking information system (BIS) in
Jamaica.

In another article, Wee Kheng, has done a market study on Taiwanese
market on the factors affecting non bank-issued POS e-micropayment
choice. There are very few studies available on Taiwanese market,
therefore, this article is a must read. Yazan in continuation of the
article from previous issue talk about the quality of internet
banking service in Jordan.

As always your views are important to us, feel free to write to me
sharing your experience about JIBC. I look forward meeting you in
Morocco in July.

Nikhil Agarwal

Participate at the International Conference on eCommerce and
ePayments in Marrakech, Morocco, 24-26 July 2009
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php

For Call for Papers and Panels please see
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/userfiles/Call_4_papers_icep09.pdf


=============================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=============================

CANADA: Strategies for Increased Integration of Online and In-Branch
Services of Banks in Canada (By Jason Dong and Michael Bliemel)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/Dong-Bliemel-JIBC.pdf

Over the last decade there has been rapid growth of Online Banking.
This research examines the benefits of Online Banking and how
Canadian Banks accommodate various financial activates through
different service channels, including Online, telephone, ABM and in-
branch.  A Framework is introduced for categorizing the most common
activities by their need for physical interaction and assistance and
to align activities with their ideal service channel. This research
is concluded with the presentation of strategies for integrating
these different customer channels.


FRANCE: The Piloting of E-Commerce Performance: Development of a
Model of Assistance to Piloting by Objectives (By Sebastien Bruyere,
Vincent Pillet and Luc Quoniam)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/JIBC_Pilotage_e-
commerce-En.pdf

In France, with more than 19 billion Euros of production figures in
2007 (Source: Acsel), there is a significant boom in the e-shopping
sector. Proof lies also in the results of the first trimester of
2008, showing that the results are better than those the years
before.

Many businesses decide to expand on their work by creating and
setting up their own boutiques on line, but however quite quickly,
the problem lies in the evaluation of the return of investments,
analyses of performances of the website and the evaluation of
results.  In able to do this, examples concerning the performance
were established revealing the web indicators to follow in order to
reach the strategic objectives qualified upstream. But these types of
model have often been mixed together; certain have different vectors
of communication and others simply have the indicators of Web
Analytics. Coming from the protocol, we managed to produce a
qualitative analysis of different models in order to establish a
model of global theory.

MALAYSIA: E-Business from Islamic Perspectives: Prospects and
Challenges (By Hanudin Amin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/Hanudin_Final__JIBC.pdf

This paper aims to examine e-business from Islamic perspectives.
Among topics to be addressed in this paper, are e-business concepts,
the legality of e-business from an Islamic point of view, prospects
and challenges of Islamic e-business in a Malaysia context. This
study introduces an Islamic e-business concept in addition to some
interesting issues that can be found in this paper. In Islam, e-
business is a permissible means of doing business provided it is
performed in the boundary of Shariah Islamiyyah. More importantly,
Islamic e-business provides services as permitted in the religion of
Islam, in which they are deceit-free transactions and also free from
gharar in a business transaction. All in alland challenges.


NIGERIA: Customers Perception of Security Indicators in Online
Banking Sites in Nigeria (By Egwali Annie Oghenerukevbe)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/Egwali.pdf

Internet banking provides alternatives for faster delivery of banking
services to a wider range of customers. The increasing popularity of
Internet banking, have attracted the attention of both legitimate and
illegitimate online banking practices.  Customers are liable to
criminal activities, fraud, thefts and various other threats of
similar nature.
Criminals focus on stealing user's online banking credentials because
the username and password combination is relatively easy to acquire
and then relatively easy to use to fraudulently access an Internet
banking account and commit financial fraud. To alert users, many
banking sites are now including Security Indicators (SI) to their
sites. This paper describes a user study performed to investigate
user's perception of factors influencing the effective implementation
of existing SI objectives and to evaluate the effectiveness of SI in
banking web browsers using the Communication-Human Information
Processing Model (C-HIP) model, a model proposed by Wogalter in 2006
in the field of warning sciences. Findings revealed that SI are not
very effective at alerting and shielding users from revealing
sensitive information to spoofed sites. These outcomes may help the
management of banks develop effective security strategies for the
future of electronic banking in Nigeria.


NIGERIA: Nigeria's SMEs Participation in electronic Economy: Problems
and the Way Forward (By Paul Adesole Adekunle and Adeyinka Tella)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/JIBCArticleTemplate-
Tella.pdf

For both developing and developed countries, small and medium scale
firms play important roles in the process of industrialization and
economic growth. Apart from increasing per capita income and output,
Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) create employment
opportunities, enhance regional economic balance through industrial
dispersal and generally promote effective resource utilization
considered critical to engineering economic development and growth.

The development of SMEs is seen as accelerating the achievement of
wider economic and socio-economic objectives, including poverty
alleviation. Unleashing its influence on the way traditional business
is conducted hitherto is the phenomenon of electronic commerce (e-
commerce). The Internet through its reduction in distance-related
costs is seen by many as a potential source of economic
revitalization. This Internet economy has continued to grow at an
unprecedented rate.

Thus, this paper focused on the extent of Nigerian's SMEs
participation in this Internet economy. This will be achieved by
considering the conceptual framework of Internet/electronic economy,
some applications of Internet/electronic economy, Nigeria SME
participation in electronic economy, the benefits and limitations of
electronic economy in general, the problems hindering Nigeria SMEs'
participation in electronic economy and finally pointing out the way
forward.


REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN): Factors Affecting Non Bank-Issued POS E-
Micropayment Choice: A Study of Taiwan Market (By Wee Kheng Tan and
Shih Kuo Chen)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/TAN.pdf

In Taiwan, organizations with existing captive markets, that is,
transport-related companies and convenience stores, have issued their
own non bank-issued POS e-micropayment programs and achieved good
success. Due to legal restriction imposed on non bank-issued
programs, Taiwan's market has evolved further resulting in two major
categories: non bank-issued programs and bank-issued programs.
Through an extended Post-acceptance Model of IS Continuance which
incorporated network externality, we examined the factors which
influenced users to continue using non bank-issued programs and the
impact of bank-issued programs on the development of non bank-issued
programs.  Our study found that perceived usefulness, satisfaction of
users and the demand side of network externality directly affected
users' intention to continue using the program. The study also showed
how external factors in Taiwan such as regulatory restriction and
retail structure have affected programs' development.


UNITED KINGDOM: Internet Banking Websites Performance in Greece (By
Christos Fioros)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/FLOROS.pdf

Research studies have paid no sufficient attention in examining the
performance of internet banking (IB) websites. This paper examines
factors such as the reach percentage (real users), the traffic rank
and the number of web pages viewed (per IB user per day). The main
objective of this paper is to explain the performance of Greek IB
websites in 2008. The results show that only large Greek banks show
high average statistics. However, their statistics are low compared
to other European banks.


UNITED KINGDOM: The Quality of Internet Banking Service Encounter in
Jordan (By Yazan K. A. Migdadi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/Yazan_2.pdf

The purpose of this study is to identify the quality of internet
banking service encounter of the retail banks in Jordan, and to
identify the quality dimensions that should be improved or sustained,
to achieve these purposes the banks' web sites were evaluated by
using the web site quantitative evaluation method (QEM), the
evaluation of the banks' web sites was conducted in March 2008 for
sixteen retail banks in Jordan, the results indicated that; the banks
in Jordan have significant positive quality of the internet banking
service encounter, further the banks' web sites are rich in their
content, and significant in the navigation, but the speed of home
page down load and web site accessibility should be developed in the
future.


UNITED STATES: Integrating Trust and Computer Self-Efficacy with TAM:
An Empirical Assessment of Customers' Acceptance of Banking
Information Systems (BIS) in Jamaica (By Michael Reid and Yair Levy)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/Levy_JIBCformat.pdf

Financial institutions all over the world are providing banking
services via information systems, such as: automated teller machines
(ATMs), Internet banking, and telephone banking, in an effort to
remain competitive as well as enhancing customer service.
However, the acceptance of such banking information systems (BIS) in
developing countries remains open. The classical Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM) has been well validated over hundreds of
studies in the past two decades. This study contributed to the
extensive body of research of technology acceptance by attempting to
validate the integration of trust and computer self-efficacy (CSE)
constructs into the classical TAM
model. Moreover, the key uniqueness of this work is in the context of
BIS in a developing country, namely Jamaica. Based on structural
equations modeling using data of 374 customers from three banks in
Jamaica, this study results indicated that the classic TAM provided a
better fit than the extended TAM with Trust and CSE. However, the
results also indicated that trust is indeed a significant construct
impacting both perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use.
Additionally, test for gender differences indicated that across all
study participants, only trust was found to be significantly
different between male and female bank custom research are also
provided.

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php
International Conference  on eCommerce & ePayments
Marrakech 24-26 July 2009

ICEP'09 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and
constructive global dialogue between senior industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically
improve ecommerce and epayment effectiveness.  The
conference will also provide an opportunity for ecommerce
and epayment companies to exhibit their state-of-the-art
services and products at the commercial gateway to the
Middle East.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


======================
OPINION ARTICLES
======================

UNITED KINGSOM: Payments and Inclusion: From Branchless Banking to
Bankless Banking (By Dave Birch)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2008-12/FW_Inclusion.pdf

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=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and
electronic commerce professionals and executives on principal
developments, benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-
based marketing practices of governments and industry. This free
online interactive journal is a way to keep in touch, to share
information, and to establish business contacts (networking) for
worldwide professionals that specialize in electronic commerce,
governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest Internet-
based banking and electronic trends and practices from around the
world. Our priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain
JIBC as a service that provides substantial information and an
effective forum for your articles, your letters, your insights and
ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at:
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp.  All articles are
available for free access and download.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship
of this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions
or comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php
International Conference  on eCommerce & ePayments
Marrakech 24-26 July 2009

ICEP'09 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and
constructive global dialogue between senior industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically
improve ecommerce and epayment effectiveness.  The
conference will also provide an opportunity for ecommerce
and epayment companies to exhibit their state-of-the-art
services and products at the commercial gateway to the
Middle East.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search
engines and academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is
well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
- Wilson Business Abstracts
- Wilson Business Full Text
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Mega Edition
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Select Edition
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and
Finance (11th edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science
and Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM Complete™
- ABI/INFORM Global™
- ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry™
- ABI/INFORM Dateline ™
- ABI/INFORM Archive™
- ABI/INFORM Research™
- ABI/INFORM Select™
- Banking Information Source
- Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and reference publications.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol 14 No. 1 (April 2009)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/current.asp

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/0905-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

IFRS – Call for the Case Studies 
 
Financial accounting is essential when establishing effective Internet
commerce, banking and payments.  From being treated in the past as an
administrative overhead, online accounting now emerges as a critical enabler for
ecommerce profitability and sustainability. 
 
Nowhere the new accounting dynamics is more apparent than in the introduction of
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) – a compelling accounting
framework that currently (with the notable exception of the US) substitutes
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in most developed and developing
countries. 
 
I live in Canada, where IFRS introduction at the key private and public
sector organizations in 2010-11 will definitely affect the jobs of professional
accountants. Our country is somewhat more litigation-driven than Europe and
South East Asia, but still less so than the US.  Hence, IFRS commencement will
likely result in substantial repercussions for the CEOs and other Non-Financial
Executives. 
 
It would be interesting to learn from the JIBC authors and readers how this
new 
accounting framework affects their organizational reporting, executive
accountability and 
operational transparency.  Please send us results of your research and case
studies 
from around the globe that illuminate the critical differences in the new
IFRS financial 
statements compared to that produced under the old GAAP. 
 
 
Change of Conference Dates 
 
Due to some serious concerns with the potential attendance during the summer
vacation 
time, and to ensure good health environment, the International Conference
on 
eCommerce and ePayments in Marrakech, Morocco will take place on September 
25-27, 2009. (see http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php).  The
conference has 
been organized by SIST (www.sist.ac.ma), a Middle Eastern centre of
University of 
Sunderland in the UK (President Dr. Tariq Obaid), as well as Educasphere 
(www.educasphere.com), a Moroccan corporation specializing in conferences, 
consultancy and student orientation (Director Abdellatif Mazouz).  Editorial
Committee 
consists of JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal, Dr. Jean-Michel Sahut,
Director of 
Research Center, Amiens School of Management, France and Prof. Jay Mitra,
Associate 
Director and Head of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Group, Essex Business
School.  
For Call for Papers see http://www.icep.educasphere.com/programme.php 
 
Every ebanking and ecommerce academic and graduate student should consider
a 
presentation – or at least active participation – at this important and
quite interesting 
conference.  It looks quite promising both in its high intellectual
potential and as a 
gateway to the Middle Eastern ecommerce/ebanking marketplace.  For
executives and
practitioners, it might also mean an opportunity to turn around their own
professional 
fortunes as well as finding the new ways to prosper for their corporations. 
The 
Marrakesh venue is the world renown as a city of immense beauty, friendly
charm and 
vivid activity. 
 
The ICeP'09 Program Committee would much appreciate it if you distribute
this 
announcement to all your colleagues and friends that might be interested in
participating, 
as well as to the lists and blogs that you might run or take part at. 
 
 
Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers,
to email 
JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are 
participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe.  Please share
information 
about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us new ways
to promote 
JIBC among academics and professionals from around the globe. 
 
As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to
email your own 
articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of your
peers and 
colleagues in academia, government and industry.  Make sure that they are
well aware of
your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce.  Recommend
that 
they also subscribe to email editions.  After all, we send it around just
3-4 times a year. 
 
A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC
to your 
professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and 
tell everybody to subscribe.  
 
Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC
to other 
leading search engines and academic reference publications.  Also, if you
notice 
publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know. 
 
Let's spread the word! 


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/EditorialNote.doc
======================

Two important events which took my attention recently. The first was
probably called most
honest effort to bring the people together. Other can be called to
cut-the-bridge of
communication.

The recent speech of President Obama to the Muslim world can be considered
to be one of
the most important speeches in our recent times. The speech clearly defines
that human
beings cannot exists in isolation, we need to communicate, collaborate and
come together
to create the world for tomorrow. I must congratulate President Obama for
making such
important statement. 

On different note, we have believed Internet is bringing us together &
closer. The recent
developments on IPv9 [parallel internet] by China working on opposite
directions. China's
stance will defy the very meaning of Internet and it would start the sort of
race among
the countries to start their own internet protocols & standards. We at JIBC
believes in
the unity of the internet in its current format.

As we have announced in our previous issue, the dates for the Morocco
conference has been
changed to September 2009. JIBC is pleased to announce our association with
`International Conference on eCommerce and ePayments 09' at Marrakech,
Morocco 24-26 July
2009. The call for papers and complete information about the conference
including themes,
tracks, visitor information is available on the conference website
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/ . I am sure it would be great intellectual
gathering
giving different perspective on MENA region financial markets. JIBC would
organize a
special issue in December 2009 to include the selected papers from IEC09. 
We invite you
to write submit papers for Morocco conference. Hope to see you all there.

In our current issue we have 14 strong papers representing all human-living
continents
(African, Europe, Americas, South America and Asia). JIBC has become a solid
international platform which can organize such a large audience across the
continents.
The popularity of JIBC is emerging day-by-day, which, I must thank to our
authors,
readers & editors for their efforts. 

I invite you all to further explore the April 2009 issue of JIBC.

Nikhil Agarwal

Participate at the International Conference on eCommerce and ePayments
in Marrakech, Morocco, 25th -27th Sept 2009
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php

For Call for Papers and Panels please see
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/userfiles/Call_4_papers_icep09.pdf


=================================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=================================

BRAZIL: Supporting Services Functionality in Brazilian Sectors: The Primacy
of Banks
(By Marcos Antonio Gaspar, Carlo Gabriel Porto Bellini, Denis Donaire and
Silvio
Aparecido dos Santos)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Gaspar.pdf

E-commerce can benefit companies by enabling new business models, improving 
efficiencies, and building competitive advantages. But there are some
critical issues to 
be addressed in order to achieve those benefits, and one of them relates to
the 
effectiveness of online customer servicing in e-commerce, also referred to
as supporting 
services functionality (SSF). In this paper we discuss a subset of SSF in
110 large 
Brazilian companies representing 11 key sectors of the economy. Results
enabled the 
ranking of sectors according to levels of SSF effectiveness, and the
conclusion was that 
the nature of business may explain why general banks and telecommunications 
companies currently perform the better, while siderurgy and metallurgy,
wholesale and 
international commerce, and chemical and petrochemical companies have the
lowest 
performance in implementing the tools for customer support in e-commerce. 


FRANCE: The Impact of the Internet on Pricing Strategies in the Tourism
Industry
(By Jean-Michel Sahut and Lubica Hikkerova)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/eTourismeJIBC 20240209 .pdf

The Internet has had a dramatic effect on the distribution of tourism
products. The 
reintermediation which has taken place has led all distributors to implement
more 
dynamic pricing strategies from the widespread use of Yield Management (YM)
practices
to price discount strategies. The Internet also influences the consumers'
perception of 
pricing strategies. Consumers are increasingly aware of YM practices and the
Internet 
has become the essential tool for finding the best price. However, there
continues to be 
a certain disconnect between the channels used for searching for the best
price 
available and those used by the clientele of luxury hotels in France to make
their 
booking. Indeed, the telephone still dominates for this type of clientele
when carrying out 
this type of transaction as they find it easier to use, it is entrenched in
their habits and is 
perceived as being more secure. 


INDIA: A Secured Hybrid Architecture Model for Internet Banking (e-Banking)
(By Ganesa R and Vivekanandan K.)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/JIBC-Ganesan R.pdf

Internet banking has made it easy to carry out the personal or business
financial 
transaction without going to bank and at any suitable time. This facility
enables to 
transfer money to other accounts and checking current balance alongside the
status of 
any financial transaction made in the account. However, in order to maintain
privacy and 
to avoid any misuse of transactions, it is necessary to follow a secured
architecture 
model which ensures the privacy and integrity of the transactions and
provides 
confidence on internet banking is stable. In this research paper, a secured
hybrid 
architecture model for the internet banking using Hyperelliptic curve
cryptosystem and 
MD5 is described. This hybrid model is implemented with the hyperelliptic
curve 
cryptosystem and it performs the encryption and decryption processes in an
efficient 
way merely with an 80-bit key size. The various screen shots given in this
contribution 
shows that the hybrid model which encompasses HECC and MD5 can be considered
in 
the internet banking environment to enrich the privacy and integrity of the
sensitive data 
transmitted between the clients and the application server.  


KOREA: Determinants Affecting User Satisfaction with Campus Portal Services
in Korea
(By Hyung Seok Lee, Yoon Hyung Choi, and Nam Ok Jo)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Lee et al._081129 20JIBC.pdf

Campus portals have attracted a great deal of interest among universities,
as they are 
considered a source of competition superiority. This is because universities
wish to 
project the impression that they offer the most convenient service and excel
in the field 
of Information Technology—this allows them to attract superior students. The
increase in 
the number of universities currently offering campus portal services, and
assessments of 
user satisfaction with these services, are increasingly recognized as
important research 
subjects.  
 
This study assesses the relationships between end-user satisfaction with
campus portal 
services, and the degree of influence of this factor. In this study, user
satisfaction with 
campus portal services was determined by assessing end user satisfaction
factors, in 
accordance with the method developed previously by Doll and Torkzadeh.
Additionally, 
usability, playfulness, design, and support service were established as
preceding factors 
influencing user satisfaction.  
 
The results of this study showed that user ability, playfulness, design, and
support 
service influence user satisfaction. This study is meaningful in that it
provides 
information and matters for consideration regarding the improvement and
maintenance 
of campus portal services.  

MALAWI: Mobile Opportunities, Mobile Problems: Assessing Mobile Commerce
Implementation
Issues in Malawi
(By Edwin Saidi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Saidi.pdf

The increased usage of mobile phones and the rapid developments in mobile 
communication technologies present a surge for m-commerce. While m-commerce
has 
been implemented in many countries in both the developed and developing
world, it 
remains an unexploited area in some African countries, including Malawi.
This paper 
investigates the problems that Malawi could face in the implementation of
m-commerce 
and the stakeholders to drive m-commerce implementation in the country. The
research 
has established that banks, mobile phone operators and the central bank,
among other 
institutions, are the key stakeholders to play a leading role in the
implementation of
m-commerce in Malawi. The paper has further identified a number of possible
m-commerce
applications in the country including m-banking, m-shopping and m-health.  
 
However, the implementation of these applications will face technical,
business and 
policy problems. These have been discussed and analyzed. The results of the
research 
are expected to help in directing the focus of researchers, policymakers,
technical 
implementers, service providers and other stakeholders, as Malawi joins the
race for 
mobile payment systems.  

MALAYSIA: The Effect of Perceived Risk on the Intention to Use e-Commerce:
The Case
of Algeria
(By Zakariya Belkhamza and Syed Azizi Wafa)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Belkhamza_JIBC.pdf

Despite the recent economic downtown in the Internet and ICT sectors,
legitimate 
concerns regarding privacy and trust remain obstacles to growth and
important issues
to both individuals and organizations. Studies on the adoption of
business-to-consumer
e-commerce have not simultaneously considered trust and risk as important
determinants
of adoption behavior. The conceptual model of this study leads us to believe
that system
risks of e-commerce are the major determinants of the adoption behavior.
Based on
technology acceptance model (TAM), this study aims to investigate the effect
of 
perceived system risk on the behavioral intention of tourism organizations
to use
e-commerce. This research is expected to provide both theoretical
explanations and 
empirical validation on the adoption of e-commerce, and offer clear
explanation and 
recommendations for business organizations as well as e-commerce systems
providers, 
regarding the adoption of e-commerce and the risk and security issues. 

MALAYSIA: Cyber Cafe Usage in Malaysia An Exploratory Study
(By Syed Shah Alam, Zaini Abdullah and Nilufar Ahsan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Final cyber cafe-
JIBC_final.pdf

Using empirical and new field data, this exploratory study investigates the
pattern of the
use of cyber cafes in two cities in Malaysia. The research was based on the 
convenience sample survey of 284 respondents in total in the two cities,
Melaka and Miri 
in Sarawak. It can be argued that cyber café seeks to provide its customers
with 
inexpensive Internet access in a comfortable environment. People of all ages
and sex 
come to enjoy the unique, upscale, educational, and innovative environment
at cyber 
cafe. This study investigates the rate of usage of cyber café by the
respondents. The 
results of our study and the implication for future research are discussed. 

MALYASIA: Cyberculture: Impact on Netizen
(By Chai Lee Goi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/GOI-JIBC.pdf

Macek (2004) highlighted a typology of current concepts of cyberculture.
Four different 
concepts were identified, which are spans utopian, information,
anthropological and 
epistemological concepts of cyberculture. Macek (2004) also highlighted four
different 
periods of the cyberculture and its impacts on netizen. The very first
foundations of 
cyberculture originate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.)
at the turn of
the 1950s and the 1960s. Early cyberculture reached its peak in the late
1970s and in 
the 1980s. Early cyberculture originates in the American hackers'
subcultures. The 
second period of cyberculture can be broadly set to the 1970s and the
beginning of the 
1980s. The beginning of the third period was characterised by a significant 
transformation at all the levels of early cyberculture, a shift that was
related to the 
accelerated spread of microcomputers and to the development of public
computer 
networks. The fourth period begins at the end of the 1980s and ends in about
the middle 
of the 1990s.  

MALAYSIA: Taxpayers' Attitude in Using e-File System: Is There Any
Significant Difference
Among Demographic Factors?
(By Azleen Ilias, Mohd Zulkeflee Abd Razak and Mohd Rushdan Yasoa)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/JIBCArticle_Azleen.pdf

This study employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine
taxpayers' 
attitude in using e-Filing system. Data are collected from taxpayers in
three higher 
learning institutions in Labuan F.T. The purpose of this study is to examine
the 
differences of taxpayers' attitude to use e-filing among gender, level of
education, 
experience of handling and learning the system. Besides, this study also
examines the 
relationship between taxpayers' attitudes and perceived usefulness,
perceived ease of 
use, information system quality, information quality and perceived
credibility. The result 
shows significant differences among experience and non-experience taxpayers
in 
handling and learning e-filing system. Education background of taxpayers has
also 
played an important role in encouraging the attitude of taxpayers to use
e-filing. However,
the gender of taxpayers provides no difference in terms of their attitude in
using and 
applying the system. In addition, this study found strong relationship
between attitude 
and TAM determinants namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use,
information 
system quality, information quality and perceived credibility. The
implication of this study
suggests that Inland Revenue Board (IRB) should increase and strengthen
their 
awareness program to educate non-experience taxpayers so that it will
simultaneously 
improve the attitude of taxpayers to use this electronic system.  

NIGERIA: Customers Perception of Security Indicators in Online Banking Sites
in Nigeria
(By Egwali Annie Oghenerukeybe)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Egwali.pdf

Internet banking provides alternatives for faster delivery of banking
services to a wider 
range of customers. The increasing popularity of Internet banking, have
attracted the 
attention of both legitimate and illegitimate online banking practices. 
Customers are 
liable to criminal activities, fraud, thefts and various other threats of
similar nature. 
Criminals focus on stealing user's online banking credentials because the
username and 
password combination is relatively easy to acquire and then relatively easy
to use to 
fraudulently access an Internet banking account and commit financial fraud.
To alert 
users, many banking sites are now including Security Indicators (SI) to
their sites. This 
paper describes a user study performed to investigate user's perception of
factors 
influencing the effective implementation of existing SI objectives and to
evaluate the 
effectiveness of SI in banking web browsers using the Communication-Human
Information
Processing Model (C-HIP) model, a model proposed by Wogalter in 2006 in 
the field of warning sciences. Findings revealed that SI are not very
effective at alerting 
and shielding users from revealing sensitive information to spoofed sites.
These 
outcomes may help the management of banks develop effective security
strategies for 
the future of electronic banking in Nigeria.  

TURKEY: Changing Face of Banks and the Evaluation of Internet Banking in
Turkey
(By Bora Aktan, Edip Teker and Pervin Ersoy)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Submitted Manuscript for JIBC-
FEB 2009.pdf

Banking historically has been a sector based on individual or institutional
client service. 
In today's browser-based competitive finance world, banks need to flourish
this client 
service viewpoint with web-empowered features for keeping clients and
attracting 
prospective ones. Internet has emerged as a key competitive field for the
future of 
financial services. In a sense, it is almost synonymous with change. Banks,
especially 
commercial ones, are swiftly becoming more aware of the importance of
internet banking 
in this era. This topic was selected to dilate the current developments and
implications of 
internet banking in Turkey, which has been repeatedly cited as an emerging
market with 
its growing sectors, over the period 2005 and 2008.  


UNITED STATES: Consumers with Sexual Performance Problems and Spam E-mail
for Sexual
Performance Products
(By Joshua Fogel and Sam Shlivko)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Fogel1.pdf

Spam e-mail on sexual health topics arrive in e-mail inboxes.  We study
consumer 
responses to spam e-mail that advertise sexual performance products. 
Participants 
(n=200) with and without sexual performance problems were asked if they
received, 
opened, and bought products from spam e-mail about sexual performance
products in 
the past year.  Comparisons were performed between those with and without
sexual 
performance problems.  Psychological factors of self esteem and perceived
stress were 
measured. Those with sexual performance problems had significantly greater 
percentages than those without sexual performance problems for receiving
(100.0% 
versus 73.5%, p=0.024), opening (66.7% versus 11.4%, p<0.001), and
purchasing 
products (46.7% versus 5.4%, p<0.001) from spam e-mail.  In the multivariate
logistic 
regression analyses adjusting for demographics, psychological factors, and
attitudes, 
those with sexual performance problems were significantly associated with
opening (OR: 
8.33, 95% CI: 1.95, 35.71), and purchasing products (OR: 7.98, 95% CI: 1.74,
36.73) 
from spam e-mail. Spam e-mail about sexual performance products are opened
and 
purchased from, especially among those with sexual performance problems. 
There is a 
need for e-mail marketing and advertising of sexual performance products
that meet 
ethical standards for e-mail delivery to consumers. 

UNITED STATES: An Experimental Investigation of Online Banking Adoption in
China
(By Guangying Hua)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Online%20Banking_GHua.pdf

Online banking, an Internet based service enabling people to do financial
transactions, 
has been an obstacle for the development of e-commerce in China. This paper 
investigates the online banking acceptance in China. We conducted an
experiment to 
investigate how users' perception about online banking is affected by the
perceived ease 
of use of website and the privacy policy provided by the online banking
website. We find 
that both perceived ease of use and privacy policy have a significant impact
on user's 
adoption of online banking. In this study, we also investigate the relative
importance of 
perceived ease of use, privacy, and security. Perceived ease of use is of
less 
importance than privacy and security. Security is the most important factor
influencing 
user's adoption. A discussion of the implications of these results and
limitations are 
provided at the end. 

ZIMBABWE: Adoption and Use of Internet Banking in Zimbabwe: An Exploratory
Study
(By Dube Thulani)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/Dube etal.pdf

This paper sought to explore the extent of adoption and usage of internet
banking by 
commercial banks in Zimbabwe as well as investigate the challenges they face
in the
adoption of this technology.  An exploratory research design was used to
achieve the 
envisaged aims of the study. Overall, the results showed that while the
majority of the 
banks in Zimbabwe have adopted internet banking, usage levels have remained 
relatively low, as not many customers are using this innovation in Zimbabwe.
Regarding 
the challenges faced by banks in the adoption of IB, compatibility with
existing legacy 
systems, cost of implementation and security concerns ranked high. The
implications of 
the study are that banks in Zimbabwe should vigorously promote the usage of
IB among 
customers while policy makers such as the Government and the Reserve Bank
of 
Zimbabwe should increase investments targeted at infrastructure development
so as to 
encourage banks and individuals alike to adopt the innovation. 


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs banking and
electronic commerce professionals and executives on principal
developments, benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-
based marketing practices of governments and industry. This free
online interactive journal is a way to keep in touch, to share
information, and to establish business contacts (networking) for
worldwide professionals that specialize in electronic commerce,
governance and banking solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest Internet-
based banking and electronic trends and practices from around the
world. Our priority is quality, not quantity. We want to maintain
JIBC as a service that provides substantial information and an
effective forum for your articles, your letters, your insights and
ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce professionals,
academicians and publishers to submit important announcements,
original articles, guest columns and significant feature
presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and letters to
the Editor. Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email
summary of current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full
text of current articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at:
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp. All articles are
available for free access and download.

The publication is complemented by the Compendium of Internet Banking
and Commerce Initiatives at:
http://www.arraydev.com/frames/f-guest_comp.htm.
We invite readers to provide brief descriptions of products, books,
and services that they think others will find interesting.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a
service by ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada. Views expressed
are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY
Development. Firms or individuals interested in sharing sponsorship
of this project may contact array (at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all
articles published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions
or comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com.

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep.educasphere.com/index.php
International Conference on eCommerce & ePayments
Marrakech 25-27 September 2009

ICEP'09 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and
constructive global dialogue between senior industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically
improve ecommerce and epayment effectiveness. The
conference will also provide an opportunity for ecommerce
and epayment companies to exhibit their state-of-the-art
services and products at the commercial gateway to the
Middle East.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search
engines and academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is
well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
- Wilson Business Abstracts
- Wilson Business Full Text
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Mega Edition
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Select Edition
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and
Finance (11th edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science
and Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM Complete™
- ABI/INFORM Global™
- ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry™
- ABI/INFORM Dateline ™
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- Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on
JIBC to other leading search engines and reference publications.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W.Birch
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Vol. 14 No. 2 (August 2009)


======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/0905-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

The Great Atlantic Rift

In the last several months I was actively involved in the academic research
interactions and consulting projects at several European countries. Without
going into much details, I was somewhat taken aback by many presentations and
publications at various meetings and conferences that I had attended on the
subject of ecommerce and efinance.

My own consulting and academic experience on the both sides of the Atlantic has
led me to a conclusion that there was a very substantial cultural gap among
them. Especially disturbing was the obvious lack of European academic and
industrial interest towards the vibrant developments and discussions that have
taken place in the North America -- where, based on the objective stats, most of
the global ecommerce/ebanking advanced development is being advanced. The
critical issues of profitability and sustainability of ecommerce/ebanking
initiatives are often neglected in favour of purely technical considerations,
which are, by definition, mostly transitory in the corporate development and
survival.

As well, most of the academic articles on the subjects covered by JIBC that I
was recently introduced to in Europe, were frankly quite parochial, either
covering the subjects that are already well advanced in the North American
sources or that limit themselves to the exclusive citation of academic
publications of the European origin. Regretfully, in my view, such obsolescence
generally lowers the level of European academic research.

I personally don't know that many examples of sustainable global online
enterprise build on the models discussed/advanced by the European academics and
have not seen serious discussion of whether it is feasible to organize a
profitable and sustainable global enterprise outside of the US.

In my view, the ecommerce action axis is currently positioned between US and
China, with certain participation of the UK, India and Brazil economies (and
perhaps Israel, being a well integrated part of the US New Economy); most of
other new economic geographies are either less globally significant (Australia,
Canada, Scandinavia, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Germany); with many others perhaps
being internationally marginal.

France's pioneering and well state-defended Minitel initiative is itself a
classical case study proving that however advanced and successful on its own, no
regional initiative can survive onslaught of the global Internet commerce, as
profitability and sustainability can only be meaningful in the international
environment.

I wonder whether the readers of JIBC have similar experience in the
transatlantic duality of the academic research in ecommerce/ebanking. Write to
me whether you agree – or see the state of the academic art entirely
differently.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3-4 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more importantiy, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-04/EditorialNote.doc
======================

I was recently interacting with David Garvin, Professor at Harvard Business
School. I asked him what is the key difference you find in developed &
developing world. He said the financial system; the financial system of
developed world is pro-active, big and robust that's why it has fallen badly.
Whereas, the financial system of developing world is like a small solid iron
ball which rolls smoothly. I couldn't agree more. After witnessing the events in
last few quarters, it appears the world will survive.

This issue is divided into two parts a) the regular JIBC issue and b) Special
issue for ICEP09. In this regular issue we have articles from Belgium, Canada,
Kuwait, The Netherlands and Malaysia.

Joren De Wachter talks about return of public domain in his interesting article.
Joren argues; for effective innovation, the IP should be placed in public
domain. Davide Maria Parrilli in his article analysis of the European VAT regime
applicable to electronically supplied services (e.s.s.).

Dominique Ferrand in his article (published in French) talks about the
competitive advantage gained by Chinese companies by using e-marketplace
effectively. In his other article (published in French) Dominique gives overview
of vision and program strategies of e-business at the University of Ottawa.

Hernan E. Riquelme investigates Internet Banking Customer Satisfaction and
Online Service Attributes in banking in Kuwait. The article findings suggest
that satisfaction can be generated through improving courtesy, content,
timeliness and product and services offered. In another article Rosli Mohamad
find the trends of prior studies in electronic commerce adoption in small &
medium scale industries. Arnoud Engelfriet in his article gives insights on
European Patent Convention drafted in 1978 and its implication on today's
business.

The other part of this issue is published along with the regular one; please
feel free to send your comments/observations/views to me directly.

Nikhil Agarwal


=================================
PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS
=================================

CANADA: Les places de marché électronique en résonnance des singularités
chinoises (By Dominique Ferrand, Christian Navarre and Weitao Liu)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Dominique%20Ferrand.pdf

It is unusual and peculiar that a country chooses the voluntary restrictions and
strict controls on exports as a development tool. In this article it is shown
(a) how export controls improve the competitiveness of Chinese export companies,
and (b) how China uses the e-marketplace to compensate for language and cultural
barriers related to international transactions.


CANADA: Vision et stratégies des programmes de e-business à l'Université
d'Ottawa (By Dominique Ferrand)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Dominique%20Ferrand_2.pdf

In this article we describe the concepts and approaches from which programs of
e-business have been designed, the strategies that prevailed during their
implementation, the articulation between professional programs and research
programs, the choice of contents and their evolution. We also explicit the
resources required, and outline the main lines of future development.


KUWAIT: Internet Banking Customer Satisfaction and Online Service Attributes
(By  Herman E. Riquelme, Khalid A. Mkkaoui, and Rosa E. Rios)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Hernan%20E.%20Riquelme.pdf

The purpose of the study was to (a) identify which customer service and online
attributes predict overall satisfaction, (b) to determine if satisfied customers
use more online banking features than less satisfied customers and (c) to
identify characteristics of less satisfied customers.  The sample was drawn from
one of the main banks in Kuwait, the Middle East. Multiple regression and
discriminant analyses were used to analyze the data.  The findings suggest that
satisfaction can be generated through improving courtesy, content, timeliness
and product and services offered. The latter being the most important factor in
driving internet banking satisfaction. The findings suggest that the majority of
the customers in the sample are satisfied or very satisfied with the service and
online systems attributes. The investigation does not support previous findings
that more satisfied customers tend to use more product and services or that
using internet banking for a longer period is associated with higher levels of
satisfaction. It appears that companies that offer a wide product portfolio and
relevant website content accompanied by prompt and courteous response create
satisfaction online.


MALAYSIA: Electronic Commerce Adoption in SME: The Trend of Prior Studies (By
Rosli Mohammad and Noor Aziz Ismail)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Rosli%20Mohamad.pdf

Emergence of Internet, particularly Electronic Commerce (EC) application brings
new landscape in conducting business. Apart of better efficiency, EC enables
firm to diversify business strategy, to introduce newly accepted business model
and to embrace globalization. Despite profound usage among large firms, EC is
now getting attention of small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This is
obviously raises concern as small firms have long been recognized for limited
resources and capabilities than larger firms. Consequently, the issue of EC in
SMEs attracts considerable research works in this area. This conceptual paper
reports on the extensive review of prior studies pertaining to the EC usage
among small firms. This paper, however, limits the review to several major
aspects i.e. research themes, underpinning theories, research approaches, and
the context/country of the study. The last section then outlines important
findings of the previous studies and  future research direction.


YEMEN & FINLAND: UIBR – An Approach to Innovations Acceptance (By Ali Hussain
Saleh Zolait and Minna Mattila)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Ali.pdf

In this paper, we first attempt to review user acceptance theory and then
discuss the four common models. Second, this study intends to assess the
relationship of Users' Informational-Based Readiness (UIBR), the tendency to
adopt Internet banking services as an innovation and whether or not it
contributes to the prediction of an individual's intention (decision) to accept
innovation as a new variable, thereby extending the former variables known as
psychological determinants. In order to achieve this, the study proposes a new
model for studying the acceptance of technology, which was assessed by using
data collected from 369 bank customers and the application of Internet Banking
(IB) services was used to assess its acceptance. The study found that users'
information readiness combined with innovation attributes are the joint
determinants of the users' attitude towards the use of IB.


=================================
OPINION ARTICLES
=================================

BELIGUM: The Return of the Public Domain (By Joren De Wachter)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Joren%20De%20Wachter.pdf

We are observing an important change in the way Intellectual Property Rights are
used in business models. Across industries, innovation is being introduced in
models based on open or collaborative models, but also in ways that are not
protected at all, i.e. based on the public domain. This is the Return of the
Public Domain. It is visible in different industries, and will affect all
business models based on innovation. This article establishes a trend that will
allow you to understand and connect many separate developments, and will discuss
consequences and ramifications of the Return of the Public Domain.


BELGIUM: Electronically Supplied Services and Value Added Tax: The European
Perspective (By Davide Maria Parrilli)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Davide%20Maria%20Parrilli.pdf

This paper is aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the European VAT regime
applicable to electronically supplied services (e.s.s.), and it will assess, in
particular, what kind of services can be considered to be e.s.s. and where they
are taxed, taking into account B2B and B2C transactions. The provision of
services and software over the Internet and other electronic networks, in fact,
is governed by a particular VAT regime that affects businesses operating in all
the Member States of the European Union. Apart from the provisions currently
applicable, an analysis of the regime introduced by Directive 2008/8/EC (in
force from 2010-2015) will be provided.


NETHERLANDS: The Mess that is the European Software Patent (By Arnold
Engelfriet)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/RI_Arnoud%20Engelfriet.pdf

Apart from the question which source code editor is better, few issues get a
more heated reception among software engineers than the one whether software
should be patentable. This is particularly true in Europe, where the 1978
European Patent Convention (EPC) explicitly forbids patents on "computer
programs as such". Yet, judicial decisions from the European Patent Office (EPO)
and a failed attempt at European legislation have turned this seemingly clear
phrase into a quagmire.


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs academics, banking and
electronic commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based business and
marketing practices of governments and industry.  This free online journal is a
way to share research results, keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide academic, executives and
professionals that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking
solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest Internet- based banking
and electronic trends and practices from around the world.  Our priority is
quality, not quantity.  We want to maintain JIBC as a service that provides
substantial information and an effective forum for your articles, your letters,
your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce academicians, professionals and
publishers to submit important announcements, original articles, guest columns
and significant feature presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and
letters to the Editor.  Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email summary of
current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full text of current
articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at:
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp. All articles are available
for free access and download.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search engines and
academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
- Wilson Business Abstracts
- Wilson Business Full Text
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Mega Edition
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Select Edition
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and Finance (11th
edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science and
Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM Complete™
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- Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and reference publications.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol. 14 No.3 (December 2009)

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/0910-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

ICeP'09

The ICeP'09 International Conference on eCommerce and ePayments in Marrakech,
Morocco in September 2009 organized by SIST/Educasphere and sponsored by JIBC
has been an unqualified success. The participants contribution to the state of
the art in the area of Internet Banking and Commerce has been quite impressive,
the informal discussions vibrant, and the social part well organized and
exciting.

The conference success was mainly due to proactive participation and guidance by
its Moroccan organizers, M. Abdellatif Mazouz and Dr. Tariq Obaid, as well as by
our Journal's team that included JIBC contributing editor Prof. Jean-Michel
Sahut and the Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal. My wholehearted thanks to the
above mentioned individuals and to all the other numerous participants who
worked for months on organizing the conference and running the sessions!

JIBC plans to proceed in our conference partnership with SIST/Educasphere in the
future. We also plan to sponsor other equally substantive conferences in Europe,
SEA and Latin Americas, as the subject area of Internet Banking and Commerce
deserves further academic and practical development. Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and
myself will much appreciate any proposals from our readership in relation to
organizing the future conferences in their geographic regions.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3-4 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal 
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/EditorialNote%20-%20ICEP09.pdf
======================

Friends & Fellow Researchers,

In the second part of the fall issue, we are pleased to introduce you the
special issue on ICEP09 conference which was conducted at scenic city of
Marrakech in Morocco in end September 2009. The conference was held on various
themes relating to eCommerce, ePayments, eStrategies, eBanking. Authors have
come from all continents like Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa. It was a great
meeting of intellectuals working in related field.

JIBC was the proud supporter of the conference. As promised, we have chosen best
papers from the conference after the careful peer-review process and decided to
publish them for larger benefit of our readers. The special issue has 11 papers,
most of them are in English but few of them are in French

Why Morocco and role of JIBC:

Many of our readers wrote to me asking why you have chosen conduct the
conference in Morocco and what is the role of JIBC. Let me try to explain, we
think Africa is next big opportunity waiting to be explored. We have run several
articles in the past and in my previous editorials I have mentioned the big
potential African economy has. That's why we have chosen to support the
conference in Morocco which was organized by our partners Educasphere. The role
of JIBC was to maintain the international academic standards of the papers &
presentations. We (JIBC Editorial Board) have peer-reviewed all the papers
before accepting them for the final reading in the conference. After the
conference was over, we sat down again to choose the best papers to be
published.

JIBC is continuously trying to support research activities in the developing
nations by providing them academic support. Please note JIBC is a non-funded
open-access journal which is run by volunteers from academia and published by
Arraydev in Canada. We do not charge any fees or financial assistance to support
the conference. If your university or organization wishes to organize a
seminar/conference/meeting and need academic support from JIBC & its network,
please feel free to contact either me or Mr. Nahum Goldmann, Publisher of JIBC.

Lastly, I wish to thank all those who were involve in the conference including
Dr Abdellatif, Dr Tariq, Mr. Nahum, Dr Jean-Michel, Dr Jay Mitra, Dr Brian and
Dr Robert for making the conference and this special issue a great success.

Educasphere has announced the 2010 version of ICEP `10, hope to see some of you
in Morocco again.

Regards, Nikhil Agarwal


/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.combi2010.fi/
Contemporary Views on Business: Partnering for the Future
Vantaa, Finland, Oct 7-10, 2010

"Contemporary Views on Business: Partnering for the Future"
(Combi2010) is an important forum for knowledge co-creation
and intellectual exchange emphasizing partnering and
international knowledge transfer as sources of competitive
edge. In Combi2010, you are reserved plenty of time for
lively dialogue, responsive thought transference and ideation.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep2010.com/
International Conference on eCommerce and ePayments
Gdansk, Poland, Sept 14-16, 2010

ICEP2010 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and
constructive global dialogue between senior industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically
improve ecommerce and epayment effectiveness. The
conference will also provide an opportunity for ecommerce
and epayment companies to exhibit their state-of-the-art
services and products at the commercial gateway to the
Central and Eastern Europe.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/

=================================
SPECIAL ISSUE FOR ICEP 2009 (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON ECOMMERCE AND EPAYEMENTS MARRAKECH, SEPTEMBER 25-27, 2009
=================================

BELGIUM: The Role of IT/IS in Combating Fraud in the Payment Card Industry
(By Jan Devos and Igor Pipan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Jan.pdf

The vast growth of the payment card industry (PCI) in the last 50 years has
placed the industry in the centre of attention, not only because of this growth,
but also because of the increase of fraudulent transactions. The conducted
research in this domain has produced statistical reports on detection of fraud,
and ways of protection. On the other hand, the relevant body of research is
quite partial and covers only specific topics. For instance, the provided
reports related to losses due to fraudulent usage of cards usually do not
present the measures taken to combat fraud nor do they explain the way fraud
happens. This can turn out to be confusing and makes one believe that card usage
can be more negative than positive.

This paper is intended to provide accumulative and organized information of the
efforts made to protect businesses from fraud. We try to reveal the
effectiveness and efficiency of the current fraud combating techniques and show
that organized worldwide efforts are needed to take care of the larger part of
the problem. The research questions that will be addressed in the paper are: 1)
how can IT/IS help in combating fraud in the PCI?, and 2) is the implemented
IT/IS effective and efficient enough to bring progress in combating fraud?


CANADA: State-of-the-Art in E-Commerce Carbon Footing
(By Marcelo Velasquez, Abdul-Rahim Ahmad, and Bliemel Michael)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Marcelo.pdf

This paper provides a survey of the state-of-the-art in E-Commerce Carbon
Footprinting. This comprehensive literature survey informs the research
community on past and recent objective and subjective efforts towards measuring
Eco-Efficiency and Eco-Efficacy of E-Commerce. Moreover, this paper provides a
framework for categorizing research in this critical area. We also provide a
summary of some very promising future research directions in Carbon Footprinting
of E-Commerce. Our survey corroborates that Carbon Footprinting is now
considered a widely recognized broad framework of gauging Eco-Efficiency and
Eco-Efficacy of E-Commerce. Furthermore, it informs us that the research in this
discipline is fast expanding and evolving. Such a survey in this critical
research field is significant for government and corporate policy-makers in
formulating informed decisions regarding Sustainability. In addition, the
research in this domain may be useful to  environmentally conscious consumers
who want to make informed choices on their consumption habits for reducing their
personal Carbon Footprints.


FRANCE: Internet Banking and the Question of Bank Run: A Lesson from the
Northern Rock Case
(By Nathalie Janson)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Nathalie.pdf

The subprime crisis triggered a series of bankruptcies and bank runs at a level
never experienced since the Great Depression. The banking environment radically
changed since the 1930's, in particular the development of information
technology decreases considerably the cost of information. Furthermore internet
banking increases severely the speed at which the demand for withdrawals are
addressed to troubled banks. In the past demand for withdrawals could be slow
down by fact that depositors had to physically « queue » and by the existence of
opening hours of banks branches. Given these new circumstances a liquidity
shortage may have an even more severe consequence on a bank since the delay
between the « bad news » and the bank run can shorten dramatically. Indeed the
Northern Rock Bank case in Great Britain illustrates that situation where a bank
unable to borrow from its peers in the interbank market is within few hours ran
by its depositors. The aim of the paper is to analyze the consequences of the
major instability introduced by internet banking on the bank's ability to manage
a liquidity crisis and an opportunity to discuss further the so-called "endemic
instability" of the fractional reserve banking system.


FRANCE: Valuation of Internet Firms in Mergers and Acquisitions
(By Raymond Tremolieres and Anton Turko)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Raymond.pdf

In this study our aim is to give an overview of the main valuation methods that
are or can be used to valuing internet firms. We extend this study to the case
of acquisitions or mergers and also to real options modelling. This article
follows MARCEAU, NASSIM, TREMOLIERES devoted to the problem of valuation of
internet firms mainly in the framework of mergers and acquisitions. We show that
mergers and acquisitions creates value in Europe, but very weekly in America.


FRANCE: Options and Marketing Forecasting
(By Raymond Tremolieres and Anton Turko)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Raymond_2.pdf

This paper follows a preceding paper by TREMOLIERES, TURKO, KARAM (2006) in
which was proposed a specific behavioral model revealing the functioning of
option markets and the way equilibrium values can be observed. We shall make use
of Utility theory and Stochastic dominance. This model was illustrated earlier
on simplified financial data. But our aim was to conduct a more realistic
experimentation to reveal the logical probability function of market values. We
build an information system using option market data available on internet. It
is the purpose of the present paper to propose a new tool to analyze the
financial market probability structure.


FRANCE: Organizational Consequences Linked to the Incorporation of ERP into
Companies' Service-Marketing Activities
(By Larry Bensimhon, Aldo Levy, and Georges Pariente)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Larry.pdf

ERPs offer a two-fold answer to the need for integration. The first is technical
in nature, since the architecture of these programs is designed to ensure the
compatibility of their software components and the transparency of their data.
They also offer a dynamic approach, because ERPs are mechanisms for
incorporating a company's specific functional elements. However, the ERP
solution cannot replace every existing management computing system. Accordingly,
applying ERP to existing systems will have a significant cost, whether it occurs
in the implementation of ERP itself or in the work of making over the firm's own
information system.


ITALY: The E-Commerce Customer Journey: A Model to Assess and Compare the User
Experience of the E-Commerce Websites
(By Riccardo Mangiaracina, Gianluca Brugnoli, and Alessandro Perego)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Riccardo.pdf

Despite the considerable growth of the B2c eCommerce in the main European
markets and in US (Forrester, 2008), the main figures show that the
concentration of the market is very high and its value represents a limited part
of the overall retail sales only. As a consequence the path to realize the full
potential of the B2c eCommerce is still long and several hurdles have to be
overcome.

In this paper we focus our attention on the merchants, with the strong
conviction that the offering is much differentiated in terms of customer
experience (i.e. the path the customers follow from the landing on the website
to the payment of the product/service). This is very important in determining
the success of an eCommerce website, but it is very hard to be distinguished,
analyzed and evaluated and there is a lack of contributions trying to estimate
it in a quantitative and/or objective way.


ITALY: Payment Systems in the B2C E-Commerce: Are They A Barrier for the Online
Customer?
(By Riccardo Mangiaracina and Alessandro Perego)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Riccardo_2.pdf

The B2c eCommerce is still far from realizing its full potential, despite its
considerable growth in all the most important markets (USA, UK, France, Germany,
Italy, etc.) in the last ten years. Several hurdles have to be overcome by both
the customers and the merchants. One of the most cited is the lack of trust in
the electronic payment. This is particularly so for the Italian market where
customers have shown a strong reluctance in using the online shopping channel.

The study presented in this paper seeks to understand if the payment systems can
be considered as a barrier for the B2c eCommerce diffusion.


MOROCCO: New Methodology for Distributed Real-Time Implementation of
Telecommunications Architecture Based on Linux
(By Adil Lebbat, Siham Benhadou, Hicham Medromi, and Mustafa Radoui)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Adil.pdf

Our goal is to define an architecture to design a real-time distributed platform
of network connection with an installation wizard and configuration of an ADSL
modem, router and other telecommunication products under a GNU/Linux
distribution, and an utility for managing ADSL connections. This architecture is
based on the multi-agents. The design of this architecture is based on the
concept of AUML


MOROCCO: New Distributed Methodology for Security Base on Multiagent System
(By Siham Benhadou, Driss Raoui, and Hicham Medromi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Siham.pdf

The development of networks and computer systems has enabled both to facilitate
communication and exchange of information and secondly, it has created
significant risks in the field of security of information systems. Therefore, it
is important to take adequate measures to be protected from these threats.
Similarly, intrusions detection systems are known to adapt to changing user
behavior and evolution of complex networks. In this paper, we propose a platform
of intrusion detection based on a distributed approach that uses multi-agent
aspect to eliminate heavy attacks and make further discussion on the intrusions
may represent low threats.


POLAND: Future Multiorganisation of E-Treatment and Spa Tourism Development
Aided By IT
(By Bernard F. Kubiak and Anton Korowicki)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Spa.pdf

The article discusses process reengineering in spa tourism, aided by IT
applications and multimedia information interactive systems. The authors present
determinants of IT use in reengineering and the necessity to move forward from
the value chain to the value network due to the global development of digital
economy. The study presents conceptions of setting up consortia that form
information integration network systems with the availability of resources
needed to provide spa tourism services. Moreover, the paper discusses the
conception of multiorganisation of future in the field of spa tourism and
virtual treatment.


TUNIS: The Adoption of Electronic Banking in Tunisia: An Exploratory Study
(By Dhekra Azouzi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2009-08/SI_Dhekra.pdf

This paper aims to check if the current and prompt technological revolution
altering the whole world has crucial impacts on the Tunisian banking sector.
Particularly, this study seeks some clues on which we can rely in order to
understand the customers' behavior regarding the adoption of electronic banking.
To achieve this purpose, an empirical research is carried out in Tunisia and it
reveals that a panoply of factors is affecting the customers-attitude toward
e-banking. For instance; age, gender and educational qualifications seem to be
important and they split up the group into electronic banking adopters and
traditional banking defenders and so, they have significant influence on the
customers' adoption of e-banking.


/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.combi2010.fi/
Contemporary Views on Business: Partnering for the Future
Vantaa, Finland, Oct 7-10, 2010

"Contemporary Views on Business: Partnering for the Future"
(Combi2010) is an important forum for knowledge co-creation
and intellectual exchange emphasizing partnering and
international knowledge transfer as sources of competitive
edge. In Combi2010, you are reserved plenty of time for
lively dialogue, responsive thought transference and ideation.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep2010.com/
International Conference on eCommerce and ePayments
Gdansk, Poland, Sept 14-16, 2010

ICEP2010 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and
constructive global dialogue between senior industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically
improve ecommerce and epayment effectiveness. The
conference will also provide an opportunity for ecommerce
and epayment companies to exhibit their state-of-the-art
services and products at the commercial gateway to the
Central and Eastern Europe.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading edge publication that informs academics, banking and
electronic commerce professionals and executives on principal developments,
benchmark practices, and future trends in the Internet-based business and
marketing practices of governments and industry.  This free online journal is a
way to share research results, keep in touch, to share information, and to
establish business contacts (networking) for worldwide academic, executives and
professionals that specialize in electronic commerce, governance and banking
solutions.

In JIBC you will find informed discussion of the latest Internet- based banking
and electronic trends and practices from around the world.  Our priority is
quality, not quantity.  We want to maintain JIBC as a service that provides
substantial information and an effective forum for your articles, your letters,
your insights and ideas.

JIBC invites banking and electronic commerce academicians, professionals and
publishers to submit important announcements, original articles, guest columns
and significant feature presentations. We also welcome surveys, book reviews and
letters to the Editor.  Technical discussions in highly specialized areas of
expertise will be kept to an absolute minimum.

JIBC is formally issued three to four times a year when an email summary of
current articles is distributed to subscribers. The full text of current
articles is posted on the JIBC Web site at:
http://www.ARRAYdev.com/commerce/JIBC/current.asp. All articles are available
for free access and download.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search engines and
academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
- Wilson Business Abstracts
- Wilson Business Full Text
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Mega Edition
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Select Edition
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and Finance (11th
edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science and
Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM Complete™
- ABI/INFORM Global™
- ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry™
- ABI/INFORM Dateline ™
- ABI/INFORM Archive™
- ABI/INFORM Research™
- ABI/INFORM Select™
- Banking Information Source
- Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and reference publications.


/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.combi2010.fi/
Contemporary Views on Business: Partnering for the Future
Vantaa, Finland, Oct 7-10, 2010

"Contemporary Views on Business: Partnering for the Future"
(Combi2010) is an important forum for knowledge co-creation
and intellectual exchange emphasizing partnering and
international knowledge transfer as sources of competitive
edge. In Combi2010, you are reserved plenty of time for
lively dialogue, responsive thought transference and ideation.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep2010.com/
International Conference on eCommerce and ePayments
Gdansk, Poland, Sept 14-16, 2010

ICEP2010 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and
constructive global dialogue between senior industry
executives, investors, central bankers, government
policymakers and leading academics on how to radically
improve ecommerce and epayment effectiveness. The
conference will also provide an opportunity for ecommerce
and epayment companies to exhibit their state-of-the-art
services and products at the commercial gateway to the
Central and Eastern Europe.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol 15 No. 1 (April 2010)

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/1004-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

ICEP2010

JIBC sponsors the 2nd International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship (ICEP 2010) that will be held at the exciting city of Gdansk,
Poland on September 14-16, 2010 (see http://www.icep2010.com/). The theme of the
conference is `Improving dialog between the industry, academia, investors and
governments'. ICEP 2010 is a major international event for researchers,
academics, industry and banking executives and experts, government policymakers,
entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and graduate students interested in advance
of eCommerce, ePayments and New Entrepreneurship.

This scientific and practical conference will cover all the business and
information management aspects of effectiveness, profitability, accountability
and investment climate for eCommerce, eFinance and eGovernance. Speakers are
invited from the academic and research institutions, leading innovative
corporations and government agencies to debate the most crucial contemporary
issues related to various aspects of eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship. Over a hundred advanced papers are expected to be presented
and discussed.

The conference's official language is English. As usual, the JIBC-published
proceedings will be listed in the world-leading academic economic and management
reference publications (see
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/guides.htm#Listing).

A good news for the French language readers of our Journal. JIBC Member of the
Editorial Board Prof. Jean-Michel Sahut, Director of Research Center and
Professor at Amiens School of Management, will chair a special session in
French, with the best French papers of the ICEP 2010 also published in a special
issue of journal `Gestion 2000' that he will edit.

We also plan to sponsor other equally substantive conferences in Europe, SEA and
Latin Americas, as the subject area of Internet Banking and Commerce deserves
further academic and practical development. Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and I will much
appreciate any proposals from our readers on organizing future conferences in
their geographic regions.

As well, we are inviting volunteers from around the globe to participate in
database marketing of JIBC-sponsored conferences. Particularly for the graduate
students there is a good chance to learn new concepts of Internet marketing and
to rub shoulders with the global academic and industrial leaders in Internet
banking and B2B commerce.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3-4 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/EditorialNote.doc
======================

The Economic Effect of The Eyjafjallajokull: South Asian Perspective

Seven million passengers stranded; 22 Airspaces closed; 95000 flights canceled;
$ 1.7 B lost in airlines revenue (Business loss – unestimated).

The complete aviation sector was thrown in the state of chaos and shock with a
small natural activity resulting in billions of dollars loss in business (yet to
be estimated). The impact of Eyjafjallajokull was well evident in South Asian
countries. Few days back, I met a small scale businessman who was supposed to
travel to UK to close a tender, unfortunately, due to disruption in travel he
was not able to go and tender was lost. There are several of such unaccounted
deals which are lost resulting in severe impact on the business in developing
world.

What should we do: Certainly the dependency on air travel would be increasing in
the years to come. At the same time the climate advocates would suggest that
mother nature will be more disruptive than ever. I think we should try to find
the solution soon enough before another crisis stuck (natural or man-made). The
first step is to get administration ready to handle crisis, in majority of the
cases whenever a crisis stuck we find administration cripples with pressure and
start looking at each other for answers. The second step could be to align the
communication going to the general public. In the current global 'dependent'
economy, the role of central agencies like UN should become effective. Majority
of developing countries may not be aware of the impact of crisis due to lack of
proper information. Probably, it is a good idea to create outward communication
agency at UN level to channelized communication to various member countries of
the world.

Your views are welcome on how we can make best use of internet for an
alternative to the travel needs of the world.

After the successful first edition of ICEP09' at Morocco; JIBC is proud to be
associated with the second edition of ICEP 10' (International Conference of
eCommerce, ePayments and New Entrepreneurship) www.icep2010.com to be hosted at
beautiful city of Gdansk, Poland from September 14th – 16th 2010. The
registration and paper submission is underway; I must encourage you to visit
Poland this September to participate in a rare conclave of industry and
academia.

Call for papers can be downloaded from
http://www.icep2010.com/c4p_icep2010_gdansk.pdf

Most of you must have noticed we have entered in our 15th issue, which would
mean JIBC is completing 15 glorious years online. I must thank our authors,
editors and readers for continuous support of JIBC. The special thanks goes to
Nahum Goldmann the Publisher of JIBC for taking the mental of setting up an
online journal in the adolescent age of internet. Three Cheers to everybody !!!

Please do feel free to write back for feedback & suggestions. Have a profitable
quarter ahead.

Nikhil

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep2010.com/ International Conference
on eCommerce and ePayments Gdansk, Poland, Sept 14-16, 2010

ICEP2010 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and constructive global
dialogue between senior industry executives, investors, central bankers,
government policymakers and leading academics on how to radically improve
ecommerce and epayment effectiveness. The conference will also provide an
opportunity for ecommerce and epayment companies to exhibit their
state-of-the-art services and products at the commercial gateway to the Central
and Eastern Europe.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/

=====================
Peer-Reviewed Research Papers
=====================

CHINA/SOUTH KOREA: Present and Future of Internet Banking in China (By Xina
Yuan, Hyung Seok Lee and Sang Yong Kim)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Lee%20et%20al._Agust%202009%20JIBC\
%20issue0630.pdf

This paper has several objectives. First, it illustrates the history and
explosive growth of Internet banking services in China. In general, the
development of Internet banking services is still in its nascent stages in
China, with a considerable quantity of potential customers. Second, we discuss
the characteristics of Internet banking in China. We have determined that
Chinese Internet banking transactions tend to be comparatively business-related,
and that current Internet banking users skew young, highly-educated, and
wealthy. Additionally, there is a regional difference in adopting Internet
banking. Third, this study discusses the potential market for Internet banking
services in China, and three factors that may influence the development of
Chinese Internet banking. Finally, we propose two marketing suggestions
regarding the expansion of the Chinese Internet banking market.


INDIA: Customer Perspectives on e-Business Value: Case Study on Internet Banking
(By Rahmath Safeena, Abdulah, and Hema Date)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Rahmath%20Safeena.pdf

Information technology is considered as the key driver for the changes taking
place around the world. Internet banking (IB) is the latest and most innovative
service offered by the banks. The transformation from the traditional banking to
e-banking has been a 'leap' change. The evolution of e-banking started from the
use of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) and telephone banking (tele-banking),
direct bill payment, electronic fund transfer and the revolutionary online
banking. This study determines the consumer's perspective on internet banking
adoption.


INDIA: Investors' Adoption of Internet Stock Trading: A Study
(By Arwinder Singh, H.S. Sandhu, and S.C. Kundu)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Singh.pdf

The purpose of this paper was to examine whether investors who adopted Internet
stock trading perceived differently from those of non-adopters. The primary data
based on 299 investors (149 adopters and 150 non-adopters) were analyzed using
advanced multivariate techniques like factor analysis and discriminant analysis
besides percentages, means, and Z-test. Results indicated that attitude
dimensions and demographic variables contributed significantly in classifying
investors as adopters or non-adopters in Internet trading. As regards attitude
dimensions, `variety of financial products and safety' contributed significantly
in discriminating between adopters and non-adopters of Internet trading followed
by the factor such as `convenience and transparency'. As far as the demographics
were concerned, the mature/older, experienced, and businessmen investors were
less likely to use Internet stock trading as compared to young, inexperienced,
and  non-businessmen investors.


MALAWI: Towards a Faultless Mobil Commerce Implementation in Malawi
(By Edwin Saidi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Saidi.pdf

E-commerce is enjoying wide recognition in many countries but its adoption in
developing countries is still a challenge. In such countries, m-commerce is
being preferred especially due to the relative low costs associated with the
deployment of the technology behind such applications. In Malawi, drivers of
m-commerce such as banks and mobile network providers are gearing to implement
m-commerce applications including m-banking, m-shopping, mobile information
services, m-marketing and m- health. However, the range of applications is being
limited by a number of technical, business and policy challenges. In this paper,
solutions to the identified challenges are proposed by drawing from literature
and experiences from other countries. It is envisaged that the proposed
solutions will provide an organized technical and managerial approach to
understanding and addressing the implementation challenges within the emerging
domain of m-commerce.


MALAYSIA: The Relationship Between e-Service Quality and Ease of Use on Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) Performance: An Empirical Investigation in Jordan
Mobile phone Services
(By Samsudin Wahab and Nor Azila Mohd Noor)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Samsudin%20Wahab-JIBC.pdf

Electronic Customer relationship management performance CRM is a comprehensive
business and marketing strategy that integrates people, process, technology and
all business activities for attracting and retaining customers over the internet
and mobile phone to reduce costs and increase profitability by consolidation the
principles of customer loyalty. Therefore, the results of CRM performance are
repeat purchase, word of mouth, retention, cross buying, brand loyalty and
customer satisfaction. The keen competitive in the communication and mobile
phone service market place and the increasing numbers of mobile phone users all
over the world has influence the researchers to investigate ease of use and e-
service quality as antecedents of electronic customer relationship management
performance in mobile phone services industry. 488 questionnaires have returned
and analyzed. Four factors been tested to investigate the relationship with CRM
performance. The  analysis shown that e- service quality, and ease of use was
positively significant towards CRM performance. This paper makes a theoretical
and methodological contribution and suggestion for the managers in improving
their CRM performance in mobile phone service industry.


MALAYSIA: Effects of Electronic Banking Facilities, Employment Sector and
Age-Group on Customers' Choice of Banks in Nigeria
(By Ahmed Audu Maiyaki and Sany Sanuri Mohd)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Maiyaki.pdf

The paper aims at investigating the relationships between the effects of
electronic banking facilities, customers' employment sector and customers'
age-group on their choice of banks. Both descriptive and inferential statistics
were use. Five hundred copies of questionnaire were distributed and eventually
81.4 percent response rate was achieved. A multi-stage sampling design was
employed; delivery and collection strategy of data collection was also used.
Chi-square statistical test of independence was employed. The results show that
there is no significant relationship between electronic banking facilities and
customers' choice of banks. It was however found that there is significant
relationship between customers' employment sector and customers' age- group on
one hand and their choice of banks on the other hand. It was recommended that
the management of Nigerian commercial banks should find the relevant factors
that are considered important  by customers of various age group to
appropriately segmenting the target market.


NIGERIA: An Empirical Investigation of the Level of users' Acceptance of
e-Banking in Nigeria
(By Adesina Aderonke A. and Ayo Charles K)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Adesina.pdf

Nigeria was depicted to be the fastest growing telecommunications nation in
African. Presently, all members of the Nigeria banking industry have engaged the
use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a platform for
effective and efficient means of conducting financial transactions. This paper
focuses on determining the level of users' acceptance of the electronic banking
services and investigating the factors that determine users' behavioral
intentions to use electronic banking systems in Nigeria.


NIGERIA: Computer Crimes and Counter Measures in the Nigerian Banking Sector
(By Olasanmi Omoneye Olufunke)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/OLASANMI-JIBC%20Doc.pdf

The increase in the use of the information and communication technology (ICT)
facilities such as computers and the Internet in the perpetration of criminal
activities like spamming, credit card frauds, ATM frauds, phishing, identity
theft, denial-of-service, and a host of others has lend credence to the view
that ICT is contributing to crime in the banking sector. A greater understanding
of such computer crimes may complement existing security practices by possibly
highlighting new areas of counter measures. This paper thus assesses whether
these crimes can be totally eradicated or not and whether the new generation
banks experience more computer crimes than the old generation banks in Nigeria.
Based on the findings of this study, the paper concludes that total eradication
of computer crimes is not possible but can be highly reduced if internal control
measures are adequately put in place within a bank's organizational structure
and that new generation  banks seem to experience more crimes than their old
generation counterparts due to the fact that majority of their services, which
are automated, are subjected to technological changes at a rapid rate.


NIGERIA: Mnemonic Passwords Practices in Corporate Sites in Nigeria
(By Egwali Annie Oghenerukevbe)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Egwali.pdf

Current technological drive towards paperless mode of operations, which provides
faster delivery of corporate and banking services to a wider range of customers,
has resulted in the problem of identity theft which is becoming a growing
problem in Nigeria. There is the risk of unauthorized access, fraud and
inappropriate disclosure of sensitive data. Human resources and malicious
applications steal user identity, potentially resulting in a direct loss of
highly sensitive information and hard currency to affected victims. To protect
sensitive information, commercial and corporate sites extensively employ the use
of textual passwords, which when used over an encrypted connection is vulnerable
to attacks. To counter some of these attacks, many corporate sites instruct
users to make use of mnemonic passwords without carefully considering the
implications. This paper describes an empirical investigation performed to
determine the factors influencing users  mnemonic passwords practices, to
analyze the strength of regular passwords and to evaluate the effectiveness of
mnemonic passwords. Findings revealed that users' context, which allows the
deployment of mnemonic strategies for password memorization, is prosaic in
nature and susceptible to human attackers and automated tools. Commercial and
corporate sites will need these findings in order to adopt effective
authentication strategies for logging customers into their sites.


TUNISIA: Mediation of Cognitive Absorption Between Users' Time Styles and
Website Satisfaction
(By Imen Elmezni and Jamel-Eddine Gharbi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/MEDIATION%20OF%20COGNITIVE%20ABSOR\
PTION%20BETWEEN%20TIME%20STYLE%20AND%20WEBSITE%20SATISFACTION.pdf

The purpose of the current research is to investigate to what extent website
continuance intention is determined by website users' satisfaction. Moreover, we
desire to test the mediating impact of cognitive absorption between users' time
styles and website satisfaction. Data collection is carried out on a sample of
300 respondents and conducted by an experiment in laboratory, preceded and
followed by a survey administration. Results suggest that cognitive absorption
mediates the relation between time styles and satisfaction; and that website
satisfaction influence positively web site usage continuance intention.
Theoretical and practical implications are considered.


UNITED KINGDOM/NORWAY: Informatization of Economic Growth in the Health-Tourism
Industry in Montenegro Using Insights from Regionalization
(By Ezendu Ariwa and Carsten Martin Syvertsen)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Ezendu%20and%20Carston%20Paper%20f\
or%20Informatization%20and%20HealthcareUpdate.pdf

We suggest that the health center Igalo is the main entrepreneurial agent in
health tourism in Montenegro. In order to succeed in stimulating economic
growth, the health center can benefit from using a regional approach for
attracting foreign visitors. Technological knowledge, with a focus on routines,
is regarded as the main driver of changing existing practices. Change of
routines can have effects on leadership traits and value creation processes,
both within the health center Igalo and among other actors in tourism industry.
However, due to economical, ethical and political turbulence at Balkan, the
conclusions are not clean-cut. Using process research and story telling as the
research approaches, the research sheds light on the possibilities and
boundaries for heath tourism development in Montenegro.


UNITED KINGDOM: The Rise of Complementary Currencies and Corporafinance:
E-Commerce Driven Competition in the Financial Sector
(By Carl Adams and Simon Mouatt)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/JIBCArticle_Corporafinance_Jul09.p\
df

This paper explores the potential of corporate monies (including electronic
payment systems, non-banks and new forms of money), which we term
corporafinance, supported by the capabilities of electronic commerce
infrastructures that provides competition in the financial sector. The paper
draws upon parallels from the industrial revolution, and the structures that
emerged, as well as the evolution of money. The paper then explores
complementary currencies and new structures that are emerging within the
information revolution. In times of uncertainty within the financial markets
complementary currencies and corporafinance may offer a stabilizing effect -
even with systemic collapse of the traditional banking sector, electronic
monetary activity may still flourish.


USA: Consumers with Sexual Performance Problems and E-Mail for Pornography
(By Joshua Fogel)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/Fogel%20pornography%20sexual%20hea\
lth.pdf

Pornography advertisements arrive through spam e-mail advertising products
online. We study consumer responses to these advertisements. College student
participants (n=200) with and without sexual performance problems (SPP) were
asked if they received, opened/read, and bought pornography from spam e-mail.
Those with SPP had significantly greater percentages than those without SPP for
receiving (93.3% versus 68.1%, p=0.042), opening/reading (66.7% versus 14.1%,
p<0.001), and purchasing (46.7% versus 4.9%, p<0.001) pornography from spam
e-mail. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for
demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity), Internet (Internet use, number spam
e-mails received), and psychological (self-esteem, perceived stress, sexual
performance attitudes) variables, those with SPP were significantly associated
with opening/reading (OR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.05, 19.33) and purchasing (OR: 8.76,
95% CI: 1.78, 43.27) pornography from spam  e-mail. Also, increased sexual
performance attitudes were associated with opening/reading (OR: 1.37, 95% CI:
1.21, 1.54) and purchasing (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.62) pornography from spam
e-mail. None of the other demographic, Internet, or psychological variables had
any associations. Pornography spam e-mail is opened/read and purchased,
especially among those with SPP. Targeting those with SPP with e-mail
advertisements has ethical implications, in addition to the general ethical
issue of sending spam e-mail.


USA: Best Practices in IT Disaster Recovery Planning Among US Banks
(By Christopher Kadlec and Jordan Shropshire)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/KadlecShropshireITDRP.pdf

In a recent study, it was found that as many as 60% of US enterprises don't have
IT disaster recovery plans. The majority of IT disaster recovery planning guides
are either inconsistent or so complicated that the average IT department can't
commit the resources to completing them. In either case, the results are the
same: the organization is not prepared to cope with IT-related disasters. This
study reports on the IT DR planning practices of 154 banks in the United States.
Surprisingly, neither IT budget nor IT department size were found to be common
denominators among organizations with adequate IT disaster recovery plans. The
results of the study indicate that well-prepared firms perform some variation of
the following seven activities: conduct IT service analysis, provide employee
training, select methods of IT disaster identification and notification, define
backup procedures, determine offsite storage locations, determine recovery
procedures,  and perform ongoing maintenance.


ZIMBABWE: Electronic Commerce Benefits and Adoption Barriers in Small and Medium
Enterprises in Gweru, Zimbabwe
(By Dube Thulani, Chitura Tofara and Runyowa Langton)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/dubet.pdf

This paper reports on the findings of an exploratory survey research whose main
purpose was to explore electronic commerce benefits and adoption barriers in
small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Gweru, Zimbabwe. Using an exploratory
research design, a structured survey instrument was developed and administered
to thirty SMEs conveniently selected from a database of SMEs in Gweru. The study
found that though SMEs in Gweru appear to have adopted electronic commerce
related technologies, the usage level of these technologies is still in its
infancy, while the predominant use of electronic commerce applications was for
communication/informative purposes.

Perceptions and attitudes of SMEs towards electronic commerce and its relayed
technologies were strongly favourable. The most significant benefits derived
from electronic commerce adoption and usage were improved quality of information
and communicating with suppliers and customers. Regarding barriers, the
technology was deemed too expensive and incompatible with the way SMEs/customers
do business. The study concludes that in order to reap significant benefits from
electronic commerce, survey SMEs need to adopt sophisticated e-commerce
technologies.

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep2010.com/ International Conference
on eCommerce and ePayments Gdansk, Poland, Sept 14-16, 2010

ICEP2010 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and constructive global
dialogue between senior industry executives, investors, central bankers,
government policymakers and leading academics on how to radically improve
ecommerce and epayment effectiveness. The conference will also provide an
opportunity for ecommerce and epayment companies to exhibit their
state-of-the-art services and products at the commercial gateway to the Central
and Eastern Europe.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=====================
Opinion Articles
=====================

USA: Protecting Intellectual Property
(By Alice Goldmann)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/AliceGoldmann.pdf

This article provides an overview of trademark registration with the United
States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). It is advisable to retain an
experienced US trademark attorney to aid in trademark filing to ensure maximum
success and the broadest protection possible for a company's trademarks. An
understanding of the process can help your attorney ensure a successful
application outcome, while saving time and money.


USA: Community e-Banking: An Online Service Model for the Not-for-Profit Sector
(By Ron Katz)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-04/RonKatz.pdf

There is a group of enterprises that exist to combat poverty, cure illness,
clean up the environment, promote literacy, feed the hungry, and in general, to
make the world a better place. Within their vaults are liquid assets worth over
$3 trillion. These enterprises are not-for-profit foundations which together
make up such a large part of the economy that they have been called the third
sector, the first and second sectors being private business and the government
itself.

What is shocking is that these U.S. third sector enterprises, intent on being
helpful, are so limited structurally that they have failed to do what any one of
us would do with similar liquid assets – harness them conscientiously in support
of our mission. In one way or another, virtually every U.S. foundation in the
21st century has subscribed to some form of philanthropic banking if for no
other reason than because virtually anyone moving, holding, investing, or
dispensing money, has been swept up in the new century's internet economy. But
not a single foundation has formally crossed that line from repository to
depository institution.


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading peer-reviewed publication whose goal is to advance the science
and practice of Internet banking and electronic commerce. JIBC informs
academics, executives and professionals on principal developments,
profit-oriented and sustainable business architecture, benchmarked practices,
compliance, risk and accountability, and the emerging trends in the
Internet-based business, management and marketing of governments and industry.
 Our free online interactive journal is a way to provide critical perspectives,
distribute results, share information, establish research and business contacts
(networking), and keep in touch.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily devoted to original
articles describing theory and practice, guest columns, important announcements,
as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the editor that advance the field of
electronic commerce.   We will try to keep away from technology discussions and
leave them to other specialized publications.

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic commerce. We promise
not to get too "techie."  Not too many fights but lots of good discussion.  We
need your articles, your substantive research results, emails, contributions and
discussions.  You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that we keep on
the JIBC Web site.

We have a global readership of leading academics, professionals and decision
makers.  We include links to email and Web addresses of each author.  An email
edition with executive summaries of the articles goes out about every 3-4
months.  The email version has many subscribers, about half outside the North
America.

Our Journal definitely focuses on quality, not quantity.  We are editing to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information.  We do this by
selecting key items to include into the email portion of the Journal.  Larger
articles and columns, as well as background information, are placed on our Web
site (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/), with the appropriate notification
in the email part.  JIBC is listed in world leading academic reference
publications and search engines.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access.  All
articles are available for free access and download.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

ICEP20YY™ (International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship) is a trademark of the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
and ARRAY Development (Canada) Inc., 2006, which is occasionally and temporarily
licensed to various local conference organizers around the globe.  YY in the
above listed conference trademark stand for the last two digits of the year of
the conference (i.e., ICeP'09 or ICEP2010).

Please add JIBC email addresses JIBC@yahoogroups.com and
JIBC-owner@yahoogroups.com to your list of safe recipient addresses for spam
filters.

Please send any questions on organizing a new ICEP conference to: <array (at)
ARRAYdev.com>.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search engines and
academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
- Wilson Business Abstracts
- Wilson Business Full Text
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Mega Edition
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Select Edition
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and Finance (11th
edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science and
Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM Complete™
- ABI/INFORM Global™
- ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry™
- ABI/INFORM Dateline ™
- ABI/INFORM Archive™
- ABI/INFORM Research™
- ABI/INFORM Select™
- ProQuest Banking Information Source™
- ProQuest Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and reference publications.

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.icep2010.com/ International Conference
on eCommerce and ePayments Gdansk, Poland, Sept 14-16, 2010

ICEP2010 Conference will seeks to establish a vibrant and constructive global
dialogue between senior industry executives, investors, central bankers,
government policymakers and leading academics on how to radically improve
ecommerce and epayment effectiveness. The conference will also provide an
opportunity for ecommerce and epayment companies to exhibit their
state-of-the-art services and products at the commercial gateway to the Central
and Eastern Europe.
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol 15 No. 2 (August 2010)

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/1008-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Creative Bankers

According to many an astute observer of the global banking industry, new
regulatory changes driven worldwide by the Obama administration and Basel III
capital requirements will lead to the reduction of risky but highly profitable
speculations with the clients' investment assets. To maintain expected
profitability and business sustainability, all financial institutions will have
to pay far more attention to the operational banking.

Core operational/transactional banking is by far a too competitive low-margin
service; hence, it is conceptually unprofitable. It could hardly provide
exorbitant revenues that would compensate the financial industry for the
possible losses on the investment side – even if a government severely limits
competition through the use of regulatory barriers.

To survive and prosper, the financial industry has to urgently find new revenue
sources beyond conventional and familiar core commodity banking. In our view,
the hope that Internet online and mobile banking would automatically ensure
service profitability, being able to compensate for the lukewarm investment
performance, is misplaced. Although new types of banking are important enablers
of revolutionary change, any new technology platform just by itself is unlikely
to ensure service profitability. To the contrary, intensified competitive
pressures in core online and mobile banking and higher margin transparency are
likely to further erode conventional competitive advantages.

Which brings us to the key source of all competitive advantage – the
visionaries. New banking executives should be able and ready to radically
redefine the conventional banking system by introducing a multitude of the new
value added high-margin services. Able to operate within the constraints of the
modern GRC (Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance) framework, they should
be also ready to conceptualize and implement novel value added services. Only
such new online banking and payment services have the potential for ensuring
high profitability and long-term sustainability of the global financial system.

Regretfully, visionary banking executives knowledgeable of the GRC and ebanking
environment are in the exceedingly short supply. The ebanking scholars are also
not that proactive in this new and exciting academic area, and the educators
specialized in preparing banking professionals are typically preoccupied with
the old paradigm issues.

My hope is that JIBC editors, authors and readers, raising to this challenge,
would identify and involve in our community's activities (research, publishing,
conferences, consulting) all the seasoned banking executives around the globe
who are unafraid to explore novel opportunities provided by the Internet.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3-4 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.
Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/EditorialNote.pdf
======================

We are 15.....

Yes, JIBC started 15 years back as online journal addressing the needs of
upcoming internet banking and online payment industry. Since, than JIBC has
established itself as world leading & probably most authoritative
academic-business journal.

I would take this opportunity to thank our publisher Nahum Goldmann who has
funded JIBC from his own resources & supported it in difficult times. I want to
thank Gordon Jenkins who was the first editor for JIBC in 1996; in fact, Gord
was responsible for getting me on board in 2004.

I am taking liberty of carrying this special message from Gord who has sent me
through email:

"Most of you must have noticed we have entered in our 15th issue, which would
mean JIBC is completing 15 glorious years online. I must thank our authors,
editors and readers for continuous support of JIBC. The special thanks goes to
Nahum Goldmann the Publisher of JIBC for taking the mental of setting up an
online journal in the adolescent age of internet. Three Cheers to everybody!!!

Special congratulations for 15 years to both of you, I am proud of both of you!
Three cheers

Ps: The first ten years are always the hardest don't you find??
Gord "former JIBC person"

In this issue we have 16 fantastic articles. I invite you to provide comments,
observations, and views to the authors.

Particularly, I would like you to read article by Prabir Neogi and Arthur J.
Cordell on Internet Governance. IG has emerged important field of interest among
practitioners & academicians in past few years. There are 1.8 billion internet
users in the world, which means over 20% of the world population is now
`hooked'. Organizations like ISOC, ICANN and IGF are propagating free & fair
`Internet for All'. I think Internet is a great representation of free world,
free speech; it is a medium which has bought different societies, regions,
countries, people together. We are sitting on a brink of a global revolution and
this time it will be not through wars but through keyboard. We should strive to
make Internet as `Fundamental Right' for every human being on earth.

Coming back to celebration of 15 years of JIBC, JIBC says "I am just 15......let
me go out & party tonight ...... cheers!!"

Nikhil Agarwal


=====================
Peer-Reviewed Research Papers
=====================

CANADA: The Internet and the Need for Governance: Learning from the Past, Coping
with the Future
(By Prabir K. Neogi and Arthur J. Cordell)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/neogi.pdf

Every economy requires a physical, institutional and legal infrastructure, as
well as understandable and enforceable marketplace rules, in order to function
smoothly. In this paper the authors maintain that the building of such an
infrastructure, which provides trust and confidence for all those who operate in
or are affected by it, is a necessary condition for the development and
efficient functioning of a global, digital economy. They also show that costs
will result if the global economy has to function on the basis of distrust, both
at the individual and transaction level.


FRANCE: La co-creation d'experiences de consommation par le Web 2.0
(By Ahlem Abidi-Barthe and Souheila Kaabachi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Abidi-Barthe.pdf

L'objectif de cet article est de montrer comment les entreprises utilisent les
possibilites du Web 2.0 dans une demarche de co-creation d'experience de
consommation et de valeur avec le consommateur. Cette nouvelle demarche consiste
a integrer le consommateur dans leur processus d'innovation et dans
l'elaboration des differentes variables du mix-marketing : le produit, le prix,
la communication et la distribution. Pour repondre a cet objectif, nous nous
baserons sur une revue de la litterature ainsi que sur des exemples et des cas
d'entreprises illustrant nos propos.


INDIA: Acceptance of e-Banking Among Adult Customers: An Empirical Investigation
in India (By Neha Dixit and Saroj K. Datta)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Dixit.pdf

Internet banking is a form of self service technology. The numbers of Internet
users have increased dramatically, but most of them are reluctant to provide
sensitive personal information to websites because they do not trust e-commerce
security.

This paper investigates the factors which are affecting the acceptance of
e-banking services among adult customers and also indicates level of concern
regarding security and privacy issues in Indian context.


INDIA: Customer's Choice Amongst Self-Service Technology (SST) Channels in
Retail Banking: A Study Using Analytical Hierarchy PRocess (AHP)
(By Thamaraiselvan Natarajan, Senthil Arasu Balasubramanian, and
Sivagnanasundaram Manickavasagam)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/siva.pdf

In the retail banking context, convergence of technologies has given birth to
different channels of distribution like Automatic Teller Machines (ATM),
internet banking, and mobile banking. This enables the customer to avail the
banking services at any time and any where. These technological interfaces are
known as self service technologies (SSTs). Customers availing banking services
through these SSTs get more benefits in terms of time, cost and energy. Despite
these benefits the customer trial, adoption and repeat usage of SSTs vary among
banking customers. Although the kinds of service one can avail from these SST
are similar, the patronage among the SSTs differs. The SST channel choice could
be attributed to various factors viz., Nature of service to be availed or
purpose, Perceived risk, Requirements and Benefits. When it comes to predicting
customer priority among alternatives, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has
been proved as an effective technique.

This paper explores the factors influencing customer choice of SSTs by employing
AHP technique.


MALAYSIA/SUDAN: Challenges Faced by Sudanese Banks in Implementing Online
Banking: Bankers' Perception
(By Nafia Alam, Ibrahim Hussien Musa MAgboul, and Murali Raman)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Alam.pdf

Innovations in Information technology have changed the way financial
transactions are done in banking industry globally. Online banking uses today's
computer technology to give user the ability to manage their finances more
quickly and efficiently, from anywhere around the world, and with just a click
of the mouse. Banks perceive online banking as a powerful `value-added' tool to
attract and retain new customers while helping to eliminate costly paper
handling and teller interactions. Online banking has managed to provide
customers the convenience, efficiency, effectiveness, and most importantly, the
speed needed in today's dynamic world. As more banks around the world are
offering online banking to its customers, it is becoming a rather popular trend.

Online banking is an asset both to the bank and the customer. However, countries
like Sudan are yet to join the frenzy of this new innovation in an effective
manner. This paper will investigate what are the challenges faced by Sudanese
banks in implementing online banking.


MALYASIA: Application for Decomposed Theory of Planed Behavior on Internet
Banking Adoption in Jordan
(By Malek Al-Majali and Nik Kamariah Nik Mat)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/AL-Majali.pdf

This study investigates twelve factors that may influence internet banking
adoption in Jordan. Using of DTPB (Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior) model
in this study provide a comprehensive model to understand the antecedents of
Internet Banking Adoption in Jordan. The results show that all hypotheses were
supported except for two hypotheses related to compatibility and technology
support.

MALAYSIA: Factors Affecting the Decisions of Tabung Haji Customers in Malaysia
to Use ATM Banking: An Empirical Investigation
(By Hanudin Amin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Amin.pdf

The aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary investigation of the factors
that determine whether Malaysia's Tabung Haji customers in Eastern Malaysia will
use or not a new facility introduced by the institution, namely Automated Teller
Machine or ATM banking. As such, this study introduces the concept Tabung Haji
ATM Banking (TAB). In order to explain the factors, this paper extends the
applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) to TAB and includes
"perceived credibility (PC)", and "perceived religiosity (PR)", in addition to
"perceived usefulness (PU)" and "perceived ease of use (PEOU)". The results
indicate that PU, PEOU, PC and PR are the key determinants to predicting the
intentions to use TAB. In addition, PEOU is significantly associated with PU,
which, in turn, affecting usage intention among Tabung Haji customers on TAB.

This study suffers from two limitations, first is on its location of study and,
second is on its limited number of measures suggested in the modified model for
the study. Nevertheless, these limitations provide directions for the future
study and also provide new information in a new introduced financial innovation
at Tabung Haji. The results will be primarily of benefit to Tabung Haji since
this study offers insights on the intentions of its customers to use TAB.


MALAYSIA: An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting the Internet Banking Adoption
Among Malaysian Consumers
(By Norazah Mohd Suki)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Suki.pdf

This paper examines factors that influence the Internet banking adoption among
Malaysian consumers. The study sample consists of 100 respondents. The
measurement items were adapted from Taylor and Todd (1995); Tan and Teo (2000)
utilizing the seven-point Likert scale ranging from 1 – strongly disagree to 7 –
strongly agree. Data were analyzed by employing multiple regression analysis.
The results shows that Hedonic oriented Internet banking sites, followed by the
perceived Importance of Internet banking to banking needs and Compatibility all
significantly affect the adoption of Internet banking by Malaysian consumers.
Trialability has the weakest influence for consumer Internet banking adoption
beside Complexity, Risk, and Utilitarian oriented Internet banking sites. The
empirical data used for this study was collected in Malaysia market which may
have a culturally and technologically different environment from some other
countries.

This paper makes a contribution to Internet banking literature by providing
insights on the factors that affect Internet banking adoption. The results hint
that information about Internet banking services and its benefits is a critical
factor influencing the adoption. The findings made a contribution in terms of
understanding the factors that can contribute to the adoption of Internet
banking by Malaysian consumers.


MALAYSIA: Investigating the Shopping Orientations on Online Purchase Intention
in the e-Commerce Environment: A Malaysian Study
(By Choon-Ling Kwek, Hoi-Piew Tan and Teck-Chai Lau)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Kwek.pdf

The rapid growth of Internet technology development has enabled Malaysian
consumers to purchase products or services from web-retailers and to search for
product information over the Internet. As such, it is vital to identify the
determinants of the customer online purchase intention.

The first objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of shopping
orientations on customer online purchase intention. The second objective is to
identify which construct has the greatest impact on purchase intention. The
findings revealed that impulse purchase intention, quality orientation, brand
orientation and convenience orientation are positively related to the customer
online purchase intention. It is also discovered that convenience orientation is
the most important contributor to the online purchase intention.


NIGERIA: Challenges of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Usage and Fruad
Occurrences in Nigeria: A Case Study of Selected Banks in Minna Metropolis
(By Adelowo Solomon Adepoju and Mohammed Enagi Alhassan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Solomon.pdf

Over time, consumers have come to depend on and trust the Automatic Teller
Machine (ATM) to conveniently meet their banking needs. But in recent time there
have been a proliferation of ATM frauds in the country even and across the
globe. Managing the risk associated with ATM fraud as well as diminishing its
impact is an important issue that face financial institutions as fraud
techniques have become more advanced with increased occurrences. The ATM is only
one of many Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) devices that are vulnerable to fraud
attacks.

This paper carried out an empirical research to analyse the cases of ATM usage
and fraud occurrences within some banks in Minna. The research identifies the
common ATM fraud, how, where and when these frauds are perpetuated and then
proffer security recommendation that should be adhered to by both the banks as
financial institutions and the ATM users in order to eliminate or reduce it to
the barest minimum.


TURKEY: An Evaluation of Internet Banking in Turkey
(By Melek Acar Boyacioglu, Tevfik Nadi Hotamis, and Huseyin Cetin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Boyacioglu.pdf

The present study is an attempt to examine the performance of Turkish banks in
terms of providing banking products and services through their web sites. A
representative sample of 22 banks operating in Turkey was included in this
study. The websites of these banks have been analyzed in terms of the financial
transaction, non financial transaction, speed, security, uninterrupted
serviceability and visual design. Research is conducted in 2009 and shows that
Turkish banks perform extremely well in IB.

This study also investigates the level of adoption of IB in Turkey. A survey is
conducted to obtain customers' perspectives regarding IB. According to the
results obtained from the survey; all of the participants who did not use IB
found IB difficult. They did not know how to use IB or found IB service insecure
and unclear. Therefore, they prefer face-to-face banking. Moreover, it was
observed that the levels of education and income were the factors that most
affected IB use. It was concluded that the clients who found IB easy and thought
that it served their purpose had been using IB for a longer time. On the other
hand, usefulness, web security and personal views did not have a significant
influence on the duration of IB use.


SOUTH KOREA: Factors Influencing Customer Loyalty of Mobile Phone Service:
Empirical Evidence from Koreans
(By Hyung Seok Lee)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Lee.pdf

The purpose of this paper is to verify the relationships among service quality,
perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in mobile phone
service. The study conducted an empirical research. A total of 384 mobile phone
users' responses were collected from Seoul in Korea. The findings show that
service quality positively influences customer loyalty. In addition, perceived
value and customer satisfaction positively affects customer loyalty
respectively. For customers with high perceived service quality, perceived
value, and satisfaction, they have a strong loyalty.


=====================
Opinion Articles
=====================

INDIA: Electronic Banking in Ethiopia; Practices, Opportunities and Challenges
(By Gardachew Worku)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Worku.pdf

The paper examines the practices, opportunities and challenges of E-banking
services in Ethiopia. Ethiopian banking system is one of the most underdeveloped
compared to the rest of the world. In Ethiopia cash is still the most dominant
medium of exchange and electronic-banking is not well known, let alone used for
transacting banking business. All banks in Ethiopia except Dashen Bank are too
late to move with technological advancement and they should clearly chart out
the time schedule for their integration and technological advancement.

MALAYSIA: E-Banking of Economical Prospects in Bangladesh
(By Mohammad Azizul Baten and Anton Abdulasah Kamil)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Baten.pdf

Nowadays due to emerging global economy, e-commerce and e-business have
increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a strong
catalyst for economic development. The new information technology is becoming an
important factor in the future development of financial services industry, and
especially banking industry. As a third-world developing country, Bangladesh is
far behind to reach the expected level in global banking system. So it is our
urgent need to upgrade its banking system.

This paper is aimed at to determine economical prospects of e-banking and to
explain the present scenario of banking sectors in Bangladesh and at the same
time it demonstrates the scope and benefits of e-banking compared with the
existing system. This paper also tries to present actual situation of e-banking
in the marketing point of view in Bangladesh. The results of this study shows
that e-banking serves several advantages to Bangladeshi banking sector, however,
the study also shows that the Bangladeshi customers have not enough knowledge
regarding e-banking which is rendering by banking sector in Bangladesh. A
discussion of the implications of these results and limitations are provided at
the end.


OMAN/MALAYSIA: The Prospects and User Perceptions of M-Banking in the Sultanate
of Oman
(By Ali Haider Mohammad Saifullah, Imran Azad, and Mahamad Fauzan Noorudin)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Sadi.pdf

Mobile commerce known as M-commerce is an emerging discipline that involves
mobile device, wireless networks and Internet technologies. M-Commerce refers to
the different types of business transactions that are conducted on mobile
devices using wireless networks. Mobile banking or M-banking is also equally
refereed as mobile E-banking. It is considered to be the latest gateway in
electronic banking that provides a platform for doing banking transactions using
mobile telecommunication devices.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of adoption of Information and
Communications Technology (ICT) in the banking sector and to assess the
prospects of M-banking in Oman. The findings shows that most of the banks and
the telecoms operators have the strengths to offer better qualities of
electronic and mobile services to the residents of Oman. Currently, the banks
are trying to offer one form of M-Banking or the other, but the weaknesses are
the level of patronage and fewer services. The level of patronage is low and it
requires concerted efforts of the telecoms operators and the financial
institutions to fast-track the development of M-Banking services to the people.

It is expected that recent development of 3G (Third Generation) network will
boost M- Commerce activities in the sultanate of Oman but may require further
investment in the quality of cell phones and mobile network.

USA: E-commerce: Ongoing Challenges
(By Derek Mohammed)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/Mohammed.pdf

This paper examines some of the challenges of online marketing, including the
importance of adding online marketing to corporation budgets. A review of the
pros and cons of social networking on the Internet, when used as a marketing
tool by companies is presented. In addition, new forms of Internet shoppers and
new niches for companies are identified.


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading peer-reviewed publication whose goal is to advance the science
and practice of Internet banking and electronic commerce.  JIBC informs
academics, executives and professionals on principal developments,
profit-oriented and sustainable business architecture, benchmarked practices,
compliance, risk and accountability, and the emerging trends in the
Internet-based business, management and marketing of governments and industry. 
Our free online interactive journal is a way to provide critical perspectives,
distribute results, share information, establish research and business contacts
(networking), and keep in touch.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily devoted to original
articles describing theory and practice, guest columns, important announcements,
as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the editor that advance the field of
electronic commerce.  We will try to keep away from technology discussions and
leave them to other specialized publications.

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic commerce.  We promise
not to get too "techie."  Not too many fights but lots of good discussion.  We
need your articles, your substantive research results, emails, contributions and
discussions.  You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that we keep on
the JIBC Web site.

We have a global readership of leading academics, professionals and decision
makers.  We include links to email and Web addresses of each author.  An email
edition with executive summaries of the articles goes out about every 3-4
months.  The email version has many subscribers, about half outside the North
America.

Our Journal definitely focuses on quality, not quantity.  We are editing to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information.  We do this by
selecting key items to include into the email portion of the Journal.  Larger
articles and columns, as well as background information, are placed on our Web
site (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/), with the appropriate notification
in the email part.  JIBC is listed in world leading academic reference
publications and search engines.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access.  All
articles are available for free access and download.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

ICEP20YY™ (International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship) is a trademark of the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
and ARRAY Development (Canada) Inc., 2006, which is occasionally and temporarily
licensed to various local conference organizers around the globe.  YY in the
above listed conference trademark stand for the last two digits of the year of
the conference (i.e., ICeP'09 or ICEP2010).

Please add JIBC email addresses JIBC@yahoogroups.com and
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filters.

Please send any questions on organizing a new ICEP conference to: <array (at)
ARRAYdev.com>.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
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=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

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Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry

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Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol 15 no 3 (December 2010)

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/1012-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

ICEP2010
The ICEP2010 (International Conference on ecommerce and epayments, Poland 14-16
September 2010) organized by the Department of Business Informatics, University
of Gdansk and sponsored by JIBC has been again an unqualified success.  The
participants' contribution to the state of the art in the subject areas have
been impressive, the informal discussions lively, and the concert well organized
and exciting.

The conference success was mainly due to proactive participation and guidance by
its Polish organizers, Prof. Bernard Kubiak and his team, esp. Dr. Antoni
Korowicki, Jacek Maslankowski, Bartosz Marcinkowski, and especially due to the
overall support by the University of Gdansk rector Prof. Bernard Lammek, as well
as by our Journal's team that included JIBC frequent author Prof. Dominique
Ferrand and the Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal.  JIBC Managing Editor Dr. Xin
"Robert" Luo has done a tremendous task of transferring conference proceeding to
the standard journal format.  My wholehearted thanks to all the above mentioned
individuals and to all the other numerous participants who worked for months on
organizing the conference and running the sessions!

I also had a pleasure of visiting Dr. Michal Polasik at the Faculty of Economic
Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, and learn of
their research in the area of new payment methods.

JIBC plans to proceed in our conference partnerships in the future.  We plan to
sponsor other equally substantive conferences in Europe, SEA and Latin Americas,
as the subject area of Internet Banking and Commerce deserves further academic
and practical development.  Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and myself will much appreciate
any proposals from our readership in relation to organizing the future
conferences in their geographic regions.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe.  Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce.  Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions.  After all, we
send it around just 3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications.  Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/EditorialNote_Dec2010.pdf
======================

The financial turmoil, democratic turmoil, Euro Turmoil ... wow!! What a year.

As we say adieu to 2010 and welcome 2011, let us take a moment and look back on
our achievements & failures for 2010.  I think the most important development
for the 2010 is Arab world & Africa quest for democracy.  My good friend Kah
Walla is running for the President of the Republic of Cameroon this year, she is
trying to displace the long serving president for last 3 decades.

The time is to bring the young leadership, time is to bring people with 21st
century ideas, and time is bringing the change... The time is NOW (inspired from
Kah Walla's campaign).  The 2011 will be the initiator of changes in world
politics, paving the way for new models of economic growth in laggard countries.

JIBC brings you the special issue for ICEP 2010 which was held in Poland in Sept
2010.  Through the editorial review process, we have selected 22 articles (19
from Poland, 1 from France and 2 from Canada) to be published as part of JIBC.

This special issue will give you a great opportunity to ePayement and eCommerce
industry of Poland. Poland is one of the stable & growing economies of Europe. 
In 2010 the Polish economy grew by 3.8%, probably giving best growth rate in
Europe.  The issue gives you insights about various models & structure used in
Poland.

Usually, majority of the Polish literature is available in Polish language or in
French / German.  Few authors contribute the literature in English; this issue
will become a significant contribution of Polish ePayments & eCommerce
literature to the English speaking world.

JIBC is on constant lookout for universities, organizations who wish to organize
the conferences.  We will be pleased to provide academic & editorial support for
such efforts.  Please feel free to write to me or Nahum Goldmann for sharing of
ideas / views.

I invite you all to further explore the December 2010 issue of JIBC.

Nikhil Agarwal


======================
Special Issue for ICEP 2010 (International Conference ecommerce & epayments,
Poland 14-16 September 2010)
======================

CANADA: Towards A Business Intelligence Framework for Healthcare Safety
(By Dominique Ferrand, Daniel Amyot and Carlos Villar Corrales
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Ferrand.pdf

In Canadian hospitals, literature estimates the number of adverse events that
are preventable to be 70,000 annually. As a first step towards controlling and
reducing such undesirable safety outcomes, it is necessary to quantify and
understand their causes. In this paper, we present a Business Intelligence
framework to support the definition and reporting of metrics in healthcare. We
tailor the Goal-Question-Metrics framework to the specifics of adverse event
monitoring in a teaching hospital, and prototype a solution using the IBM Cognos
8 tool.


CANADA: La Conception De Sites Web Sur La Sante En Contexte Autochtone (The
Design Of Health Information Websites For Indigenous Peoples)
(By Dominique Ferrand and Marie-France Gratton)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Ferrand2.pdf

For the indigenous peoples of the Great Canadian North, living far from the
major service centers, web sites are essential vehicles for accessing
information on health. Ensuring quality design of the websites on health for the
indigenous peoples, besides ensuring the quality of their information content,
necessitate to adapt their presentation to the cultural context, to define
access to the web sites that take into consideration the conditions of
particular environment, and establish links with the traditional medicine. This
study identifies the foundation that should underlie the development of these
websites.


FRANCE: E-commerce et vent de vin en lingo: l'approche stratégique dune petite
enterprise (Strategic analysis of A Small Wine E-business Company)
(By P-C Pupion)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Pupion.pdf

Wine and spirit e-business is currently one of the most growing and competitive
industries in France. In this study, we analyze the competitive model of wine
e-business, through Porter's competitive forces. We propose to highlight on
strategic groups that interact within this industry in order to explain the
strength and the aggressiveness of the competition within online wine's
business. We aim hereby to understand if and how small businesses take market
shares in this particular business. Resource based view theory will be widely
used to analyze key resources and competencies that are mandatory for a small
company to get success in the wine industry.

Based on a wine cellar case study, and its online website, this study
demonstrates how important competencies valuation and value creation to
customers are as part of a wine e- business strategy (build online catalog,
design the web interface with value added for users/visitors, choose the most
appropriate web infrastructure, redirect traffic to the website and convert
visitors into customers, manage customers relationship and loyalty, select an
appropriate supply chain infrastructure...). By using Resource Based View theory
we demonstrate that value offer is a core component of the wine e-business model
which is continuously moving alongside with the company and its website's life
cycle.


POLAND: Selected Mobile Payment Systems in Poland - Usability Analysis from
Customers' Point Of View
(By Witold Chmieiarz and Alojzy Nowak)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Chmielarz.pdf

The basic goal of this article is assessment of mobile payments used in Poland
with taking into regard their usefulness as compared with card payments and bank
transfers. First, research principles and procedure have been formulated. Next,
the authors conducted analyses and presented detailed characteristics of the
obtained findings. In the last part of this paper the authors presented a
summary, conclusions as well as further directions for development of m-payments
in Poland which have been formulated in the work.


POLAND: Economic Effectiveness Evaluation in Projects Consisting In Automating
Settlement Systems: The Example Of A Financial Centre Of An International
Automotive Company
(By Miroslaw Dyczkowski)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Dyczkowski.pdf

Economic effectiveness has become a decisive factor in feasibility studies for
IT projects due to deteriorating economic situation. This paper characterises
such an assessment on the example of an automated settlement system for a supply
chain. The described project was carried out by a financial centre – located in
Poland – of an international company operating in the automotive industry. It
aimed at applying EDI technologies to automate logistics. The project was
initiated due to increasing cost of settlement processes and difficulties (of
legal and formal nature) in transferring self-billing solutions – which are in
use in other countries (e.g. Germany, France or Spain) and result from: EU
Directives (2001/115/EC and 2006/112/EC), European invoicing regulations
(CWA15668:2007) and standards for the automotive industry (including VBA4908) –
onto the Polish market. The final part of the paper presents evaluation of
economic effectiveness for the forgoing project based on cost-benefits analysis
(CBA) and discounted financial measures (i.e. NPV, IRR and MIRR).


POLAND: Middle Office Restrictions For E-Commerce Activities
(By Tadeusz Gospodarek)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Gospodarek.pdf

E-commerce systems may be considered as 3-layers information logical structure
consistent of front office, middle office and back office layers. Front office
is the best described layer of the model. It is related to direct information
exchange between the client and hardcore part of the organization. The back
office related to LAN information exchange and physical realization of front
office demands is also well matured. But there is one important problem: all
front office applications are stateless type (after cancelling the session, all
data are lost), whereas back office applications are real time with necessity of
blocking records, generation of online fiscal documents, etc. Any model of
a-business defines its own supply chain. A linkage between logical layers and
the defined supply chain is forming by modules and functions of the middle
office layer. This layer limits full operational ability of the e-commerce
systems like, ZenCart. The main problems derive from the computerization and
integration of the supply chain. The offered solutions for the middle office
layer are usually either too complicated or improper for online integration.
Therefore for successful rolling out of computer aided e-commerce system, the
optimum structure of the middle office layer design is crucial, because there
are the most important conceptual limits.


POLAND: Recurrence Plot Analysis Of Moodle Platform Users' Activity
(By Jaroslaw Kilon, Romuald Mosdorf, and Nina Siemieniuk)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Kilon.pdf

The Learning Management System (LMS) records activity of many users: students,
teachers and administration workers. The e-learning system is a virtual place
where thousands of dynamical systems (users) communicate each others. These
communication leads to changes of users' activities. The users (human) behaviour
is nonlinear (Sulis et al., 1995), therefore we can say that LMS is a virtual
platform of interaction of nonlinear dynamical systems (Ignatowska et al., 2005;
Ignatowska et al., 2008). In case of LMS system the number of logs of each user
is one of the measures of his activity. The dynamics of changes of logs to LMS
have been analyzed in the paper using the recurrence plot method. The analyses
carried out in the paper have shown that recurrence plots are useful in
exploring e-learning system dynamics. The comparison between the results of
e-learning courses evaluation made by students and RP analysis allow us to
withdraw the following conclusion: the increase of complexity and difficulty of
the course causes the increase of RR coefficient.


POLAND: Cross- And Up-selling Techniques In E-Commerce Activities
(By Bernard F. Kubiak and Pawel Weichbroth)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Kubiak.pdf

In the article the Cross- and Up-selling marketing techniques were presented in
the spectrum of e-commerce. Their aim is to raise both the value of a single
sales transaction and confidence as well as to lower the risk of taking the
customers by the competitors. In the article iterative client service model was
presented, indicating particular roles of the Cross- and Up-selling techniques
in the processes of automation and integration marketing activities. In the
context of customer relationship management those are of great importance as
they give reasons for conducting effective advertisement, promotion and loyal
campaigns. The work is finished by summary in which authors pay attention to
economic advantages resulting from using presented techniques.


POLAND: Marketing Information Systems As a Driver of An Organization's
Competitive Advantage
(By Bernard F. Kubiak and Michal F. Kowalik)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Kubiak2.pdf

In the current environment companies need to strive to increase effectiveness
and speed of their decision making. Various studies show that this influences
both competitive position as well as financial results of those companies, both
in the long and the short term. Information systems are the key tools to
facilitate progress of the organizations. This paper presents approach to
structural analysis of the information gaps, information system modeling,
marketing system implementation as well as verification of the achieved effects.


POLAND: Analysis of Selected Segments of Polish e-finance Market
(By Andrzej Malachowski)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Malachowski.pdf

Selected websites of Polish e-finance segment are analyzed, including news
services on finance and economy, portals of financial product and service
suppliers, specialized financial services websites. The aim of this paper is to
present a functional and structural analysis of selected e-finance websites and
portals, together with evaluation of their usability, based on own research and
third party studies. Basic statistical data on Polish segment of finance and
e-finance is presented.


POLAND: Applying Business Process Modeling Techniques: Case Study
(By Bartosz Marcinkowski)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Marcinkowski.pdf

Selection and proper application of business process modeling methods and
techniques have a significant impact on organizational improvement capabilities
as well as proper understanding of functionality of information systems that
shall support activity of the organization. A number of business process
modeling notations were implemented in practice in recent decades. Most
significant of the notations include ARIS, Business Process Modeling Notation
(OMG BPMN) and several Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) extensions. In this
paper, the assessment whether one of the most flexible and strictly standardized
contemporary business process modeling notations, i.e. Rational UML Profile for
Business Modeling, enable business analysts to prepare business models that are
all-embracing and understandable by all the stakeholders. After the
introduction, methodology of research is discussed. The following section
presents selected case study results. The paper is concluded with a summary.


POLAND: "PICTURE" As A Service For The Users From Public Administrations
(By Marian Niedzweidzinski and Malgorzata Ziemecka)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Niedzwiedzinski.pdf

This paper presents a tool called "PICTURE", elaborated by an European project
team including twelve partners from six countries. This project, named "Process
Identification and Clustering for Transparency in Reorganising Public
Administrations", was realized within the 6TH EU Framework Programme. Its
purpose is to facilitate ICT investment decision making process in European
public administrations. It is a web-based application, that is planned to be
distributed as a service for civil servants. The main goal of this paper is to
show that "PICTURE" is an example of an application, known as "software as a
service". Both co- authors have participated in the "PICTURE" project.


POLAND: Business Performance Management for Competitive Advantage in the
Information Economy
(By Celina M. Olszak and Ewa Ziemba)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Olszak%20pdf.pdf

The article provides an overview of BPM (Business Performance Management)
concepts and components and then benefits, challenges, and critical success
factors. The results presented in this paper are based on a survey that was
conducted in 2009 among 176 companies operating in Silesian region in Poland, as
well as interviews with BPM experts, including end-user organizations, BI
consultants, industry analysts, and report sponsors. Generally, the aim of the
research was to diagnose competences (knowledge and experience) of various
organizations in BPM and IT applications. The research was carried out by means
of a standardized interview technique, using a survey questionnaire.


POLAND: The Process Of Fuzzy Model Development for The Case Of Polish Internet
Mortgage Market
(By Aleksander Orlowski and Edward Szczerbicki)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Orlowski.pdf

This article presents a wide range of different payment methods used at
Point-Of-Sales from traditional cash and standard cards to contactless cards,
RFID stickers and mobile payments (NFC and remote). All payment instruments are
compared under the criterion of time efficiency that means the duration of a
payment transaction. The measurement of payment transactions was undertaken with
the help of a novel research technique based on a digital chronography of video
material recorded by cameras installed in the biggest chain of convenient stores
in Poland. More than 4,000 transactions were gauged. It is empirically proven
that cash is still the fastest means of executing transactions at the counter,
although new innovative payment methods such as proximity cards and NFC mobile
payments may be equally fast and sometimes even faster. There is a potential in
accelerating the payment process of those latter. Standard cards together with a
remote mobile payments method tested lag behind. Obtained results could be
practically used by merchants who want to optimise its payment process at cash
registers. Drawn conclusions may also have value for the developers of payment
schemes in the world.


POLAND: Time Efficiency Of Point-Of-Sale Payment Methods: Preliminary Results
(By Michal Polasik, Jakub Gorka, Gracjan Wilczewski, Janusz Kunkowski and
Karolina Przenajkowska)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Polasik.pdf

Professional IT specialists are still being shocked by inadequacy between the
fast IT development in 1970's and technological decline in 21st century. The
stagnation of ICT technologies and their application in social and economic
practices in Poland inspired the authors to search for causes and conditions.
The authors present the divergent interpretations of New Entrepreneurship state
from the perspective of micro and macroeconomics. The analyses showed that
either "new" or "old" economics is not going to develop without proper economic,
institutional, regulative or social and cultural changes. Unfortunately, the
transformation of past two decades is an illusion of development.


POLAND: An Illusion of Development And Technological Decline In Poland
(By Jolanta Sala and Halina Tanska)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Sala.pdf

Due to a lack of consistence among different components of management systems,
there is a barrier limiting an effectiveness of organizational functionality in
the present business world. St. Gallen School has offered Management Process
Architecture Framework as a base helping with achievement of the consistence
among the management systems. Dividing the base into three levels: strategy,
processes and systems, will reduce complexity of an enterprise real life, and it
will allow to create a model presenting the organization in total. The new-built
of the Facility Management Process Architecture Framework is the start up for
using in full management process architecture. The process architecture shows
the processes and a logic of their links on different organization levels; it is
an image of the internal organization process structure; it allows a complex
check and systematization of different approaches in the scope of the complex
organization. A goal of the article is to build a concept of the process
architecture framework for the Facility Management area. The area is a subject
to permanent evolution. Going from the administration and functionally organized
FM area to the dynamic and active approach considering influence onto other
organizational processes requires the very precisely dedicated goal.
Additionally, it requires have established some interrelations among basic
processes taking place in the organization and the FM area. The tools used to
model the processes make possible both: an introduction of the new approach to
management of the FM area, and some directions to create some new IT tools,
including IWMS (Integrated Workplace Management Systems). There is a try taken
in the article to create a concept of the process architecture framework in the
FM area, and it is the start point to form more sophisticated reference models
in the scope.


POLAND: Facility Management Process Architecture Framework
(By Batlomiej Sliwinski and Renata Gabryelczyk)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Sliwinski.pdf

LAMS WZiEU project began in 2006. The biggest challenge of adopting an
e-learning environment was the methodological and electronic development of
chosen parts of the Computer Science subject and transferring didactic content
delivered by traditional methods into e-learning language. As is shown from the
executed analysis, the general rating of efficiency and quality of blended
learning was twice as high as the traditional method. According to the students,
blended learning is better in every element of the educational process, except
communication. It seems that it is very important to find which must be taken
into consideration when other e-courses are designed. Essential are solutions
for synchronous communication or, going further, e-consultation tools. The
general rating for the efficiency of the method was positive for both students
and teachers.


POLAND: Implementation of blended learning project at the Univerity of Szczecin,
Stage I & II
(By Adam Stecyk and Marcin Chojnowski)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Stecyk.pdf

LAMS WZiEU project began in 2006. The biggest challenge of adopting an
e-learning environment was the methodological and electronic development of
chosen parts of the Computer Science subject and transferring didactic content
delivered by traditional methods into e-learning language. As is shown from the
executed analysis, the general rating of efficiency and quality of blended
learning was twice as high as the traditional method. According to the students,
blended learning is better in every element of the educational process, except
communication. It seems that it is very important to find which must be taken
into consideration when other e-courses are designed. Essential are solutions
for synchronous communication or, going further, e-consultation tools. The
general rating for the efficiency of the method was positive for both students
and teachers.


POLAND: Barriers and Profits of Distance Education in Operations Research Based
Decision Analysis
(By Tomasz Szapiro and Przemyslaw Szufel)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Szapiro.pdf

Distance education and blended learning allow universities to lower costs, have
more return on economies of scale, better control educational process and
provide higher quality services for students. This process however requires
specialized software to be used by a university. The paper tackles issues
related with this approach and presents guidelines for construction of a
framework for creating web-based education support software in quantitative area
– the meta-framework that allows for a rapid construction of web-based
educational decision analysis software. The framework design in paper covers
three aspect: (1) information system modeling, (2) decision problem modeling and
(3) teaching process modeling. The information system modeling includes system
architecture, servers, programming languages and technical design. The decision
problem modeling provides means to present an abstract decision problem (and
more generally - a problem where quantitative methods can be used) and to model
interaction between software and decision maker (i.e. a student learning a
decision algorithm). Teaching process modeling includes support for linear
teaching algorithm in the decision making process, further this can be extended
into non-linear and hybrid teaching algorithms. As a proof of concept a working
framework prototype named Combine! will be presented. The software's usefulness
was evaluated through a survey carried out on 234 students at Warsaw School of
Economics.


POLAND: The Impact of the Internet on the Development of Web-Based Business
Models
(By Janusz Wielki)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Wielki.pdf

The paper is composed of three parts. In the first, a short overview of the
development of the Internet and its impact on various spheres of functioning of
contemporary organizations is given. In this section, the term `business model'
is defined and then the constituent components of business models are presented
and discussed. The second part forms the core of this paper. First, the typology
of business-to-consumer Web-based business models is proposed; taking into
consideration the phases of the internet's development (i.e. Web 1.0 and Web
2.0). Next, the six basic types of business models which have developed in the
electronic space are presented and analyzed. The first four emerged in the first
phase of the Internet's development while the final two are strictly connected
with the Web 2.0 phase. The characteristics of each are given along with
examples from various industries and sectors. In the final part of the paper,
the most significant conclusions and suggestions are offered.


POLAND: Virtual Computers Offer to the Modern Educational Solutions
(By Tadeusz Wilusz)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Wilusz.pdf

During first decade of the 21st century more and more production ICT
environments have already switched towards virtualized solution. This is still
ongoing process which offers a lot of benefits but at the same time makes
understanding relations between physical environment and virtualized systems
harder. The article starts with a short survey of some problems related to
effectiveness usage of IT capabilities in modern educational environments with
conclusion how they can be solved using computer virtualization technique in the
way which may result with better understanding invisible physical processes in
virtualized e-business systems.


POLAND: Quality of Web-based Information Systems
(By Kazimierz Worwa and Jerry Stanik)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-12/Worwa.pdf

The scope and complexity of current World Wide Web applications vary widely:
from small scale, short-lived services to large-scale enterprise applications
distributed across the Internet and corporate intranets and extranets. As Web
applications have evolved, the demands placed on Web-based systems and the
complexity of designing, developing, maintaining, and managing these systems
have also increased significantly. They provided vast, dynamic information in
multiple media formats (graphics, images, and video). Web site design for these
and many other applications demand balance among information content,
aesthetics, and performance. In accordance with the growth of the Internet and
World Wide Web, there has been some research on quality issues of Web-based
software systems. The differences between the Web-based information systems and
conventional information systems are discussed in a paper from the perspective
of software quality.


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading peer-reviewed publication whose goal is to advance the science
and practice of Internet banking and electronic commerce.  JIBC informs
academics, executives and professionals on principal developments,
profit-oriented and sustainable business architecture, benchmarked practices,
compliance, risk and accountability, and the emerging trends in the
Internet-based business, management and marketing of governments and industry. 
Our free online interactive journal is a way to provide critical perspectives,
distribute results, share information, establish research and business contacts
(networking), and keep in touch.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily devoted to original
articles describing theory and practice, guest columns, important announcements,
as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the editor that advance the field of
electronic commerce.  We will try to keep away from technology discussions and
leave them to other specialized publications.

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic commerce.  We promise
not to get too "techie."  Not too many fights but lots of good discussion.  We
need your articles, your substantive research results, emails, contributions and
discussions.  You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that we keep on
the JIBC Web site.

We have a global readership of leading academics, professionals and decision
makers.  We include links to email and Web addresses of each author.  An email
edition with executive summaries of the articles goes out about every 3-4
months.  The email version has many subscribers, about half outside the North
America.

Our Journal definitely focuses on quality, not quantity.  We are editing to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information.  We do this by
selecting key items to include into the email portion of the Journal.  Larger
articles and columns, as well as background information, are placed on our Web
site (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/), with the appropriate notification
in the email part.  JIBC is listed in world leading academic reference
publications and search engines.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access.  All
articles are available for free access and download.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

ICEP20YY™ (International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship) is a trademark of the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
and ARRAY Development (Canada) Inc., 2006, which is occasionally and temporarily
licensed to various local conference organizers around the globe.  YY in the
above listed conference trademark stand for the last two digits of the year of
the conference (i.e., ICeP'09 or ICEP2010).

Please add JIBC email addresses JIBC@yahoogroups.com and
JIBC-owner@yahoogroups.com to your list of safe recipient addresses for spam
filters.

Please send any questions on organizing a new ICEP conference to: <array (at)
ARRAYdev.com>.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search engines and
academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
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- Wilson Business Full Text
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edition)
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Business Information Systems (1st edition)
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- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and reference publications.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol. 16 No. 1 (April 2011)


======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2010-08/1104-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Effectiveness of Cross-Border Corporate Payments

At the age of cutthroat global competition and razor thin Internet-transparent
margins, corporate cash management is one of just a few remaining sources of
increased profitability. Efficient cash management allows for substantial cost
reduction and improved corporate Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC). The
companies that neglect to pay sufficient attention to their security, privacy
and payment fraud issues might find themselves disappearing literarily
overnight.

Today, improving electronic payments by its clients and vendors is a high
priority for all SMEs involved in the international trade, as it often means
survival versus perishing. Additional critical features, such as e-invoicing,
eprocurement, advanced payment notifications, financial reporting, intelligent
data analytics and searchable transactional databases with the exception
management capabilities, directly contribute to the bottom line and strengthen
mutual strategic relationships.

For an Internet operating company that mostly sells abroad in different
currencies, if cross-border corporate payments were run properly, pre-tax
savings could be as high as 2-3% of the annual revenues. Effective currency
exchange (Forex) management, hedging, addressing obsolescence of corporate ERP
legacy systems and reducing processing errors with the use of advanced quality
control methods might improve revenues even further, making the difference
between a profitable or unprofitable business.

On the other hand, cash management is a highly specialized, complex, labor
intensive and risky activity that most companies try to outsource. With the
notable exception of several very large global banks, that in turn concentrate
on the needs of their Fortune 1000 clients, effective corporate currency
management is not a core business function even for the banking industry at
large or top multinationals. For Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), it is
currently all but inaccessible.

Cash management and payments, being outsourced to a well run specialized company
– including Internet based Software as a Service (SAAS) – allow SMEs and their
trading clients enjoying the economies of scale that on their own they would be
unlikely to achieve. Instead of being unproductive administrative overhead,
improved payment-related GRC also leads to better positioning of a trading
corporation, either when it operates at the global marketplace or deals with the
local regulators. As a final point, involvement in B2B epayment activities is a
substantial career enhancing move for any ecommerce and ebanking expert,
academic, graduate student, entrepreneur and investor.

For every business, development of a Corporate Foreign Exchange, Payments and
Risk Management Policy Manual is an essential step for structuring critical
cross-border corporate payments, to ensure their effectiveness. Such a Policy
Manual has to be accepted and signed by the Board of Directors as a strategic
document that defines corporate and outsourcing activities for cross-border
multi-currency payments. For an SME actively involved in the international
trade, the only realistic alternative is haphazard `hit-and-miss' currency
exchange, money wiring and reporting, which would inevitably lead to substantial
loss in profits and, perhaps, to endangering the very corporate existence.

Corporate Foreign Exchange, Payments and Risk Management Policy Manual should
cover in suitable details corporate policy objectives for cross-border payments,
internal authorization structure, tools and strategies, and controls and
reporting. For an actively trading ecommerce corporation, such a document would
only be useful if it were paying back for its development many times over,
ensuring substantial savings in corporate revenues.

On a different but critical subject – JIBC is growing, and as a part of new
opportunities we are looking for two new key members of our editorial team to
act as Assistant Editors. The candidates should be open to evolving
responsibilities, have strong research, organizational and communication skills,
ability to work both independently and with the JIBC editorial team, proficiency
at multitasking, and be passionate about the newly emerging field of electronic
banking and commerce. Past editors have used the position as a staging ground
for the leading positions in the global academia and industry.

For a highly qualified person well familiar with HTML and looking for a
world-class carrier in ecommerce, these positions opens unparalleled
opportunities to work closely with a wide range of international scholars, to
learn the modern online publishing ropes, to develop familiarity with the style
guides and establish useful academic and industrial connections. It provides an
excellent opportunity to hone your editing and time management skills, to gain
experience in academic publishing, and to actively develop an understanding of
issues considered of great import to the electronic banking and commerce.

Successful candidates will help JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and
our Managing Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo in working with the JIBC authors to
ensure high academic quality contributions and preparing submissions for our
leading publication. They will provide the editorial input on the articles'
fitness for publication, and perform formatting of each article to ensure that
their language, layout and style meet academic standards.

As we only issue JIBC three times a year, the volunteer Assistant Editors will
be asked to commit just 2-3 hours of work per week performed on their own
schedule. Please send your CV to JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or
myself if you would like to participate and contribute to our advanced global
community.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/EditorialNote_April11.pdf
======================

Thank You Mr. Obama

President Obama's announcement in May 11' about Bin-Laden demise has bought
smile back to financial industry. During last 15 years of al-Qaida rise,
financial industry has seen several lows. The banks were scrutinize for
suspicious transactions reguarly, insurance industry bleed due to rising cost of
terrorism insurance, investment funds never got 100% confidence in developing
countries like in Middle
East or South Asia due to uncertainty and threats.

The economic impact of 9/11 was estimated around $20 billion by Paul Krugman,
which is around 0.2% of US GDP. The financial markets were close for almost a
week after 9/11 attacks. Glen Hodgson in 2004 estimated America spends $ 500
billion a year on departments directly engaged in combating or preventing
terrorism. The terrorism may not end with Bin-Laden, however, it has certainly
suffer a setback. Now, the world has a reason to say the terror has lost its
face.

Coming back to the current issue, we have around 20 interesting articles.
Article by Kiraly and Mero from Hungary is worth reading. It talks about the
missing credit information system in Hungary. The article highlights the gap
between advanced banking systems in other EU states (like Finland & Germany) and
newer EU states like Hungary. Another interesting articles are from other
developing countries like Jordan, Pakistan and Malaysia. Majority of these
articles talks about the growing need for internet led banking system in
developing countries. Due to various technical and social issues the banking
system is bit less robust than their western counterparts. For example: due to
frequent power outage in Pakistan people don't trust to use computers for their
banking transactions. At the same time, as mentioned above the developing
countries banking system is under heavy scrutiny for money laundering activities
for last 2 decades. Don't forget to read the wonderful book review done by our
publisher and member of the editorial board Mr Nahum Goldmann.

I wish to take your attention towards another apt conference which JIBC is
supporting. This conference is organized by Apejay College of Fine Arts in
northern part of India. We will be uploading the details of the conference soon
on our website.

JIBC is also looking for a dynamic young academic who have the passion to work
as volunteer Assistant Editor with JIBC. The chosen person will be working with
me and our Managing Editor Robert Xin Luo for logistics help. The ideal person
is somebody with Masters and/or PhD degree in finance/policy/banking etc.
Somebody who has couple of hours of week to work with the oldest online academic
journal in the world and someone who has potential to take additional
responsibilities in the future for JIBC. Please send your cv or nominations to
either me or Nahum.

Have a profitable quarter ahead.


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=====================
Peer-Reviewed Research Papers
=====================

BRAZIL: The Impact of Electronic Commerce on Organizational Structure: A Case
Study of Ecommerce Decentralization
(By Adalton Masalu Ozaki and Eduardo Vasconcellos)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Ozaki.pdf

This paper focuses on the problem of centralizing vs. decentralizing an
organizational structure for e-commerce. First, a conceptual framework is
designed based on the literature. Then a case study of the Brazilian subsidiary
of a major chemical multinational is explained and analyzed. A decision-making
method is applied to (a) identify the alternatives for organizational structures
and evaluation criteria, and (b) determine which criteria enable one to identify
an alternative as better than the others. In the context of the case, a
centralized e-commerce structure was recommended. This paper makes two main
contributions to theory. First, it shows the usefulness of the literature on R&D
and innovation management as theoretical support for studies in other fields, in
this case e- commerce organization. Second, it provides a methodology, which can
be adapted for use by companies facing the same decision problem. Thoughts on
possible future studies close the article.


CANADA/SPAIN: Modelling Perceived Usefulness on Adopting Online Banking through
the TAM Model in a Canadian Banking Environment
(By Jean-Pierre Levy Mangin, Normand Bourgault, Mario MArtinez Guerrero and Jose
Manuel Ortega Egea)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Jean-PierreLevyMangin.pdf

Actually Internet is a powerful device that completes with satisfaction all
other traditional channels used by banks. Based on the Technology Acceptance
Model this paper focuses on the importance of the impact of two external latent
variables `Price' and `Convenience' on the latent variable `Perceived
Usefulness' of online banking in a Canadian environment; the model highlights
the predictive importance of this model and the accuracy of the results. Based
on previous investigations in Spain the results are quite similar for the
Canadian on-line banking environment and results explain without any doubt the
level of `Perceived Usefulness' in the TAM Model. Conclusions and
recommendations are provided for future research.


GERMANY: Electronic Marketplaces for Printed Matters in Germany
(By Till-J Fassold and J An Kosster)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Till-J%20Fassold.pdf

To bring together supplier and consumer of printed matters, different
marketplaces exist on the Internet. In the following survey the different kinds
of marketplaces are highlighted as well as their way of conducting their role as
intermediators. In this connection, a central result is the finding that only
few marketplace operators provide a process to secure the suppliers' reputation.


INDIA: Usage Patterns of Electronic Banking Services by Urban-Educated
Customers: Glimpses from India
(By A.J. Joshua and Moli P. Koshy)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/JoshuaAmbat.pdf

The major banks in India are increasingly providing services through electronic
channels such as ATMs, internet banking, tele banking and mobile banking. The
paper is an attempt to examine the various usage patterns by customers of these
technology- enabled services provided. A survey research is conducted among the
customers of some of the leading banks in India who are residing in the selected
metro and urban banked centres in India. The findings show that though ATMs have
been widely adopted, the level of adoption of other electronic banking means
like internet banking, tele banking and mobile banking despite their potential
are yet to pick in a big way. The usage patterns revealed through this study has
several pointers to bank managements in India.


JORDAN: Internet Banking and Jordanian Corporate Customers: Issues of Security
and Trust
(By Muhammed S. Alnsour and Khalili Al-Hyari)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Alnsour.pdf

Research on the acceptance behaviour of technology is sizeable, yet it is
relatively heterogeneous and fragmented in the context of developing economies
like Jordan. The paper tries to offer insights about two critical factors in
acceptance behaviour of Jordanian customers, namely, security and trust. This
article puts together an integrated conceptual model for acceptance behaviour of
Jordanian Corporate customers that includes these two critical issues.
Hypotheses are developed from extant literature, these indicate possible
associations among the constructs of the model. Based on input received from 353
corporate customers, the proposed model is empirically tested using structural
equation modelling. Of the hypothesized associations examined, five were found
to be statistically significant and in the right direction. The results confirm
most of the findings of previous research on the subject, while some fresh
insights on the interrelationships of the constructs used are also revealed. The
results of the study have serious implications for bankers, corporate online
users, and business educators, who may use the empirically tested model as a
diagnostic and monitoring tool in explaining the acceptance behaviour of
Jordanian business users of online banking. This paper concludes that security
and trust should be integrated to perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use
in explaining acceptance behaviour of corporate customers.


JORDAN: Identifying Internet Abuse by Analyzing User Behaviour on the Internet
(By Ahmad Mashhour, Abdulla Al-Saad and Zakaria Saleh)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/mashhour.pdf

Advances in the banking sector have ushered in an era of multi-product and
multi- services being delivered using multiple yet integrated channels. The use
of information and communication technology (ICT) is on the increase and
encompasses nearly the entire gamut of banking operations. Rising competition
and customer expectations have compelled top management to implement, and
continuously upgrade, agile and scalable ICT practices and solutions. The
enormity and range of banking services combined with the complexity of
integrated and ICT-enabled delivery mechanisms require comprehensive
partnerships to be forged between banks and providers of ICT solutions,
especially with regard to Business Continuity Management (BCM). This paper
presents the preliminary findings of a research study to identify the essential
ingredients of successful BCM implementation based on experiences of banks in
India.


KUWAIT: Critical Success Factors Influencing E-Commerce in Kuwait
(By Salah Al-Fadhli)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Salah.pdf

Electronic Commerce which enables business transactions to be conducted
electronically has demonstrated significant operational and strategic benefits.
Developed countries have actively adopted e-Commerce and have made it an
integral part of business activities. Despite its ability to bridge economic and
digital gap between developing and developed countries, developing countries are
still slow in e-Commerce adoption. Currently, there is still a lack of
e-Commerce readiness research in developing countries to fully assess the
relevance of e-Commerce in these unique environments. This study aims to shed
light into the e-Commerce readiness in Kuwait, by assessing technological, legal
and environmental contexts.


MALAYSIA: Modeling the Antecedents of Internet Banking Service Adoption (IBSA)
in Jordan: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach
(By Malek Al-Majali and Nik Kamariah Nik Mat)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/MalekAlMajali.pdf

After ten years from the introduction of the Internet Banking Services (IBS) by
Jordanian banks, the adoption of these services is still quite low. Hence,
identifying success factors (SF) to improve the level of IBS adoption is
crucial. This paper is concerned with an empirical investigation of success
factors that could predict successful IBSA in Jordan through applications of
Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT). The research model consists of six exogenous
variables: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, compatibility,
trialability, trust and awareness and one endogenous: IBSA. 700 questionnaires
survey among university staff was implemented and 532 data sets were collected.
This represents 76% response rate. After rigorous data screening process such as
outliers, normality, reliability and validity, 517 data is ready for structural
equation modelling (SEM) analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was
performed to examine the composite reliability, convergent validity and goodness
of fit of individual construct and measurement models. The revised structural
model demonstrates significant and positive direct relationships between all of
six exogenous variables and IBSA.


MALAYSIA: Comprehensive Approach for Sharia Compliance E-Commerce Transaction
(By Mohd Zulkiffi Muhammad, Tamrin Amboala, Mohd Fahmi Ghazali and Zakiah
Hassan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Mohd%20Zulkifli.pdf

There are growing concerns among e-commerce customers particularly Muslims in
Malaysia regarding on-line transaction both from security aspect and Sharia'
perspective. There are two main issues arise concerning purchasing on-line using
credit cards. First is the medium of transaction via on-line or Internet itself
and secondly, the mode of payment being used to purchase online in which using
credit card in this case. As Malaysia is heading towards e-commerce and
purchasing on-line via credit cards has no longer a new trend; the challenges
arise for solution which compliance with Sharia' principles. This paper will
address and highlight several challenges and issues and present recommendations
based on the existing technology without overlooking legal provision provided in
this country to solve the above concerns.


MALAYSIA: Factors Affecting Third Generation (3G) Mobile Service Acceptance:
Evidence from Malaysia
(By Norazah Mohd Suki)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Norazah.pdf

This paper aims to examine factors affecting subscribers' intention towards
using 3G mobile service. Cross sectional data were collected from 100
respondents through a survey. Data were then analyzed by means of multiple
regression analysis. The findings verified the research hypotheses, and
confirmed that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Attitude are
jointly responsible in determining the subscribers' intention to use of 3G
mobile service. Perceived Usefulness was found as a key factor influences
subscribers' intention to use 3G mobile services. This study was conducted only
in Malaysia and does not cover other countries. The findings are only applicable
in Malaysia and cannot be generalised for the other countries. Consideration of
the factors identified should lead to more successful adoption of 3G. The study
implies that the 3G mobile telecommunication companies need to lift consumers'
intention to adopt 3G mobile services. Users' of 3G mobile services need to be
provided with more diverse and entertaining ways of communicating, which are at
the same time easily accessible and convenient to use. The paper enhance


MALAYSIA: The Strategic Impact of Technology Based on CRM on Call Centre'
Performance
(By Aliyu Olayemi Abdullateef, Sany Sanuri Mohd Mokhtar, and Rushami Zien
Yusoff)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/YemiAliyu.pdf

The primary objective of this paper is to test a model that can explain the
impact of technology based CRM on inbound call center performance. To do this,
data were collected from 168 call center managers and analyzed through
structural equation modelling. The research findings indicate that technology
based CRM significantly affects first call resolution and perceived service
quality, but weakly influence caller satisfactions through the mediating role of
first call resolutions. Observably, this research believes that customer contact
centers as the first touch points to company are dependent on other factors such
as company policy, product quality, customer characteristics, etc. to influence
caller satisfactions, but unfortunately most of these factors fall outside the
operational control of contact center activities. The findings in this research
has empirically provided the long waiting evidence that technology based CRM
applications within the inbound contact center industry can only influence
caller satisfactions through first call resolution and perceived service
quality. A major implication for call center managers is that this research
findings has availed them the opportunity on how to effectively develop,
implement, and evaluate their CRM applications.


MAURITIUS: Is Mauritius Ready to E-Bank? From A Customer and Banking Perspective
(By Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur and Anisha Ayrga)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Tandrayen-Ragoobur.pdf

The objective of the paper is to analyse the supply and demand for internet
banking in a small island economy of Mauritius. The study first probes into the
extent to which internet banking is adopted among Mauritians and investigates
the factors that drive the use of this new delivery channel. We examine whether
the adoption of internet banking is influenced by consumer individual
characteristics as well as perceived ease of use, perceived security and privacy
and reluctance to change. Second, we analyse the impact of internet banking on
banks' performance and the hurdles they encounter in encouraging clients to use
this new technology.    Our consumer survey covers a sample of 400 individuals
of different age groups and educational levels in both urban and rural areas.
The second survey focuses on the two largest banks in Mauritius. Logistic
regression method to survey data was used. Our results reveal that perceived
ease of use and perceived security and privacy were important factors that
influence the use of internet banking among customers. However, reluctance to
change is a major obstacle to the use of internet banking. This problem has been
further encountered by banks in encouraging customers' adoption of their
internet banking service.


PAKISTAN: Internet Banking in Pakistan: Finding Complexities
(By Mahommed Ather Akhlaq and Asadullah Shah)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Akhlaq.pdf

Technology is evolving every new day and has its impact on every thing. In this
paper we will analyze the acceptance of technology in the Banking Industry of
Pakistan. This research investigates complexities (factors) that have resisted
or obstructed the adoption of Internet Banking in Pakistan. Traditional
innovation diffusion model (IDT) is used to develop the research model
indicating the proposed complexities and acceptance of Internet Banking among
Pakistani users. The model is tested with a survey sample (n=45). Out of the
nine complexities identified, six are found significant. The findings of the
research signify that 67 % of the proposed complexities, Familiarity with the
technology, Concerns for Download Speed, Unfriendly Website Design, Fear of
Government tracking transactions, Security and People Gaining Access/Misusing,
hinder the users in accepting and adopting internet banking technology in
Pakistan.


PAKISTAN: Consumer Attitude Towards M-Advertising Acceptance: A Cross-Sectional
Study
(By Imran Mir)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/ImranAnwar.pdf

M-advertising is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication The
present research study revealed that if advertising messages are sent to the
mobile phones of the m-users after getting their permission their attitude would
turn positive towards the mobile- advertising. M-users would like to receive the
advertising message on their personal devices like mobiles phones if those
messages are customized to their profiles. Results of the present investigation
and finding of the prior studies on m-advertising exhibited that the m-users
attitudes would take the positive shape if the message are creative and content
is informative or entertaining. Therefore advertisers should keep these three
factors in mind while using m-advertising. M-advertisers should develop the
message contents according to the preferences of the m-users and should use
creative ideas to attract the consumers' attention. M-advertisers should also
keep user interface and mobile formats in mind while developing the m-ads to
make m-advertising effective.


TURKEY: Customer's Perspectives and Risk Issues on E-Banking in Turkey: Should
We Still Be Online?
(By Asli Yuksel Mermod)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/YukselMermodAsl.pdf

The advent and expansion of globalization and the development of new
technologies forced the banks to launch new channels to gain competitive
advantage, reduce their costs, improve their financial services, enlarge their
customer databases, progress their financial positions through innovative
products and boost their general customer loyalty. Today, banks are switching to
multi-channel distribution of financial services through internet. This paper
tries to assess electronic banking in terms of a multi-channel distribution
technique. The objective of this research is to examine the progression of
Internet-banking in an emerging market, namely Turkey. This is done through a
survey among online customers of Turkish banks and the proposition of strategies
to control and fight against the risky issues associated with electronic banking
(e-banking) activities. The usage percentage of online banking, the awareness of
customers about the online services and their expectations from online banking
activities in Turkey are evaluated through a survey and in depth interviews with
online customers. This paper is organized as follows: the first part includes a
brief literature review and examines previous research on the critical topics of
"trends in global banking" and "risk issues in e-banking". Second part includes
remarks on growth of online banking in Turkey. In the third part, the survey
methodology is introduced and the results of the survey are analyzed. Fourth
part concludes with some comments for further research.


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- Analyze customer segments, maximize ROI on marketing
- Customer lifecycle analysis helps you retain your loyal customers
- Powerful forecasting tool
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\---------------------ANNOUNCEMENT-------------------/

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.inomics.com/node/6019
Transcending Barriers - A Global Perspective in Business
Jalandhar, India Dec 15, 2011 - Dec 16, 2011
Paper Submission Deadline: Aug 16, 2011
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/

/---------------------INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM-------------------\
SAINT2011
The 11th IEEE/IPSJ International Symposium on Applications and the Internet
http://www.saintconference.org/ Munich, GERMANY (July 18-21, 2011)
\---------------------INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM-------------------/

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.inderscience.com/mapper.php?id=52#about
International Conference
Innovation, Financing & Entrepreneurship
3 - 4 February 2012
Geneva, Switzerland
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=====================
Opinion Articles
=====================

BELGIUM: The 4 Cs of Core Banking
(By Erik Bogaerts)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Erik_opinion.pdf

Finding the best way to tackle legacy core systems has re-emerged as a key topic
of debate among banks, from top tier global players to smaller, domestic
institutions. With their vast, fragmented architectures, banks' legacy systems
are typically cumbersome and lack the agility required to adapt to today's
business and market needs. Factors such as evolving customer expectations, new
regulations and the need to enter new geographies or launch new products require
banks to have flexible systems that can continually adapt to support their
evolving business needs.


HUNGARY: The Missing Credit Information System in Hungary
(By Julia Kiraly and Katalin Mero)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/Kiraly_OpinionArticle.pdf

Hungary is one of a few countries that do not operate either a national,
non-profit, or a profit oriented business-based complete mandatory credit
information system (i.e., credit register or credit bureau). In its absence, the
Hungarian banks have not enough information on their borrowers to evaluate their
creditworthiness, to apply behavioural scorings or proper risk management and
credit pricing tools. The debate on the necessity of a complete credit
information system has almost a decade long history in Hungary. Until now,
despite all the professional arguments, the counter arguments from the point of
view of personal data protection proved to be stronger. The lack of the complete
credit information system became even more painful during the recent financial
crisis, when the quality of the retail credit portfolio significantly
deteriorated. This paper presents the most important milestones of the
institutional history of the struggle for the complete credit information system
and analyses the tendencies on the Hungarian retail lending market, with special
regard to the lack of it.


INDIA: M-Governance for Better G2C Service
(By Manisha K. Deep)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/ManishaKDeep_Opinion.pdf

The paper discusses the strongly emerging domain of m-governance and the impact
on Indian society. We have also made an attempt to bring forward the problems
limiting the use and growth of m-governance for better service delivery. Also
significant contributions made by companies towards the growth of m-governance
in India are specified.


UNITED STATES: Strategies for Protecting Your Company's Confidential Information
(By Alice Goldmann)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/GoldmannAlice.pdf

This article provides an overview of protecting a company's confidential
information via trade secret, patent and other information a company wishes to
keep confidential from their competitors and others. It is advisable to retain
an experienced US intellectual property attorney to aid in correctly protecting
a company's valuable confidential information. An understanding of the process
can help your attorney ensure a successful application outcome, while saving
time and money.


UNITED KINGDOM: Defining a Payment Services Hub
(By Zilvinas Baresis)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/JIBCArticle-ZB_PSH_v2_Opinion.pdf

Payment services hub concept is gaining ground as an accepted way forward to
modernizing banks' payments architectures. However, the confusion over
definitions and terminology remains. This paper proposes a visionary definition
of a payment services hub and clarifies the key terms. It also describes the
four types of payment services hubs banks are currently implementing in
practice.


=====================
Book Review
=====================

CANADA: Review - Bank Directors and the Information Problem with Special Regard
to Subprime Markets in Handbook for Directors of Financial Institutions, Benton
E. Gup (Editor), Edward Elgar Publishing 2008, ISBN-10: 1847204694
(By Nahum Goldman)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/JuliaKiralyBookReview.pdf


=====================
Help Wanted
=====================

JIBC Assistant Editors
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-04/1104-AEAdl_PDFVersion.pdf

JIBC is growing, and as a part of new opportunities we are looking for two new
key members of our editorial team to act as Assistant Editors. The candidates
should be open to evolving responsibilities, have strong research,
organizational and communication skills, ability to work both independently and
with the JIBC editorial team, proficiency at multitasking, and be passionate
about the newly emerging field of electronic banking and commerce. Past editors
have used the position as a staging ground for the leading positions in the
global academia and industry.

For a highly qualified person well familiar with HTML and looking for a
world-class carrier in ecommerce, these positions opens unparalleled
opportunities to work closely with a wide range of international scholars, to
learn the modern online publishing ropes, to develop familiarity with the style
guides and establish useful academic and industrial connections. It provides an
excellent opportunity to hone your editing and time management skills, to gain
experience in academic publishing, and to actively develop an understanding of
issues considered of great import to the electronic banking and commerce.

Successful candidates will help JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and
our Managing Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo in working with the JIBC authors to
ensure high academic quality contributions and preparing submissions for our
leading publication. They will provide the editorial input on the articles'
fitness for publication, and perform formatting of each article to ensure that
their language, layout and style meet academic standards.

As we only issue JIBC three times a year, the volunteer Assistant Editors will
be asked to commit just 2-3 hours of work per week performed on their own
schedule. Please send your CV to JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or
myself if you would like to participate and contribute to our advanced global
community.


/---------------------ANNOUNCEMENT-------------------\
Introducing @SK, a new data mining add-in for Microsoft Excel
- Analyze customer segments, maximize ROI on marketing
- Customer lifecycle analysis helps you retain your loyal customers
- Powerful forecasting tool
Low cost, easy to use. Start your free 30 day trial now at www.solid-data.com.
\---------------------ANNOUNCEMENT-------------------/

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.inomics.com/node/6019
Transcending Barriers - A Global Perspective in Business
Jalandhar, India Dec 15, 2011 - Dec 16, 2011
Paper Submission Deadline: Aug 16, 2011
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/

/---------------------INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM-------------------\
SAINT2011
The 11th IEEE/IPSJ International Symposium on Applications and the Internet
http://www.saintconference.org/ Munich, GERMANY (July 18-21, 2011)
\---------------------INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM-------------------/

/---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------\
http://www.inderscience.com/mapper.php?id=52#about
International Conference
Innovation, Financing & Entrepreneurship
3 - 4 February 2012
Geneva, Switzerland
\---------------------CALL FOR PAPERS-------------------/


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading peer-reviewed publication whose goal is to advance the science
and practice of Internet banking and electronic commerce.  JIBC informs
academics, executives and professionals on principal developments,
profit-oriented and sustainable business architecture, benchmarked practices,
compliance, risk and accountability, and the emerging trends in the
Internet-based business, management and marketing of governments and industry. 
Our free online interactive journal is a way to provide critical perspectives,
distribute results, share information, establish research and business contacts
(networking), and keep in touch.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily devoted to original
articles describing theory and practice, guest columns, important announcements,
as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the editor that advance the field of
electronic commerce.   We will try to keep away from technology discussions and
leave them to other specialized publications.

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic commerce.  We promise
not to get too "techie."  Not too many fights but lots of good discussion.  We
need your articles, your substantive research results, emails, contributions and
discussions.  You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that we keep on
the JIBC Web site.

We have a global readership of leading academics, professionals and decision
makers.  We include links to email and Web addresses of each author.  An email
edition with executive summaries of the articles goes out about every 3-4
months.  The email version has many subscribers, about half outside the North
America.

Our Journal definitely focuses on quality, not quantity.  We are editing to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information.  We do this by
selecting key items to include into the email portion of the Journal.  Larger
articles and columns, as well as background information, are placed on our Web
site (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/), with the appropriate notification
in the email part.  JIBC is listed in world leading academic reference
publications and search engines.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access.  All
articles are available for free access and download.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

ICEP20YY™ (International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship) is a trademark of the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
and ARRAY Development (Canada) Inc., 2006, which is occasionally and temporarily
licensed to various local conference organizers around the globe.  YY in the
above listed conference trademark stand for the last two digits of the year of
the conference (i.e., ICeP'09 or ICEP2010).

Please add JIBC email addresses JIBC@yahoogroups.com and
JIBC-owner@yahoogroups.com to your list of safe recipient addresses for spam
filters.

Please send any questions on organizing a new ICEP conference to: <array (at)
ARRAYdev.com>.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search engines and
academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
- Wilson Business Abstracts
- Wilson Business Full Text
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Mega Edition
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Select Edition
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and Finance (11th
edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science and
Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM Complete™
- ABI/INFORM Global™
- ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry™
- ABI/INFORM Dateline ™
- ABI/INFORM Archive™
- ABI/INFORM Research™
- ABI/INFORM Select™
- ProQuest Banking Information Source™
- ProQuest Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and reference publications.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol. 16 No. 2 (August 2011)

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/1108-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

E-invoicing for Order-to-Cash

ISO 20022 Standard for Financial Services Messaging has been supported by an
increasing number of financial institutions and payment services across the
globe, including SWIFT. Corporates can use this new standard to integrate their
receivables, payables, as well as other currency and treasury functions with
their clients, vendors and banks.

With the recent endorsement of ISO 20022 by the EU, e-invoicing across Europe is
moving mainstream, currently growing at the phenomenal annual rate of 40%. It is
well known that by sending, receiving and actively managing professionally
looking online invoices, corporations and government organizations can simplify
payment administration, support environment by eliminating paper, help to
achieve painless audits and reduce overhead costs. Corporations that are able to
improve their invoice administration and payment, as well as the management of
their order-to-cash chain have a strong competitive advantage over those that
still have not rationalized their complex international trading operations.

Invoice administration can ensure effective management of order-to-cash chain
and working capital, saving up to 20% of foreign accounts receivable and
payable. However, it is only viable as a comprehensive and sophisticated
value-added service rather than a standalone function. It must include most
advanced, fully featured online e-invoicing/e-finance platform with integrated
transactional payment options, financing of receivables and protection of
archives with PKI digital signatures necessary for government and tax audits.
Integration of e-invoicing with the payment options can mitigate the uncertainty
of payment timing and amounts and sustain cash liquidity and stronger balance
sheet position – thus strengthening buyer-supplier relationships.

JIBC is growing, and as a part of new opportunities, we are looking for two new
key members of our editorial team to act as Assistant Editors. The candidates
should be open to evolving responsibilities, have strong research,
organizational and communication skills, ability to work both independently and
with the JIBC editorial team, proficiency at multitasking, and be passionate
about the newly emerging field of electronic banking and commerce. Past editors
have used the position as a staging ground for the leading positions in the
global academia and industry.

For a highly qualified person well familiar with HTML and looking for a
world-class carrier in ecommerce, these positions opens unparalleled
opportunities to work closely with a wide range of international scholars, to
learn the modern online publishing ropes, to develop familiarity with the style
guides and establish useful academic and industrial connections. It provides an
excellent opportunity to hone your editing and time management skills, to gain
experience in academic publishing, and to actively develop an understanding of
issues considered of great import to the electronic banking and commerce.

Successful candidates will help JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and
our Managing Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo in working with the JIBC authors to
ensure high academic quality contributions and preparing submissions for our
leading publication. They will provide the editorial input on the articles'
fitness for publication, and perform formatting of each article to ensure that
their language, layout and style meet academic standards.

As we only issue JIBC three times a year, the volunteer Assistant Editors will
be asked to commit just 2-3 hours of work per week performed on their own
schedule. Please send your CV to JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or
myself if you would like to participate and contribute to our advanced global
community.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/EditorialNote_Aug2011.pdf
======================

The bugs in financial system are not new. The real effect of slowdown what we
started seeing in 2007, it may still continue. Unlike past, it may not take
20-30 years to come out of recession. I think we need to work on to build up the
`real fundamental economy'. Our financial system is build up on black-money
(which is true in developing countries) and pseudo valuations (remember toxic
derivatives which led to fall of Lehman). The governments should put efforts to
control hedge funds, banks and financial institutions who over-value assets for
their short term financial goals. The 2007 meltdown is described as worst
economic crisis since great depression of 1930s. There are many differences
between the great depression and current problems. Over 10,000 banks failed in
30s, on the contrary only 750 banks have failed this time. The stock market lost
90% of the value by 1932, the crisis is not that severe at this time.

I agree, the crisis is far from over. The current trend shows the manufacturing
growth in China has slowed [read related reports in TOI and Wall Street
journal]1 the sovereign debt problems are looming in Europe. 30% of the Eurozone
countries are facing financial difficulties - Ireland, Greece, Spain, Italy and
counting. Many thinkers are now questioning the fundamental on which Eurozone
was formed. Though the spilt of Eurozone is not imminent, but clouds of
uncertainty are certainly on Europe. Immediate solutions to overcome crisis are
not in horizon, probably because nobody is willing to experiment in fear of
backfire. I think policy makers need innovative solutions to these critical
problems.

In this issue, we have 21 articles from Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and
Americas. We are always amazed by the spread of articles coming from all corners
of the world. JIBC is probably one of few journals who is read and referred in
practically all continents.

JIBC is on constant lookout for universities, organizations who wish to organize
the conferences. We will be pleased to provide academic & editorial support for
such efforts.
I invite you all to explore Aug 2011 issue of JIBC. Feel free to submit your
comments or observations to me.

Best Wishes, Nikhil Agarwal


=====================
Peer-Reviewed Research Papers
=====================

AUSTRALIA: Continued and Frequent Use of Internet Banking by Australian
Consumers: Identification of the Factor Components (By Sujana Adapa)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Sujana%20Adapa.pdf

The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that influence how
consumers continue to use, and how frequently they use, internet banking in
Australia. Patterns of continued use and frequency of use of internet banking
have been neglected as most of the existing studies focus on either consumer
adoption or acceptance of internet banking. However, in comparison to new
customer acquisition, measures of continued and frequent use of internet banking
are related to a cost-effective marketing strategy aimed at retaining customers.
This study addresses a gap in existing literature which requires the application
of more integrated theory testing and the identification of factors that
influence the continued and frequent use of internet banking. The study sets out
to develop a framework based on theoretical models related to the acceptance of
technology and diffusion of innovations theory that encompasses technology,
channel, social and value for money factors as predictors in the identification
of influential factors for consumers and their continued and frequent use of
internet banking.


FRANCE: Extended Information and Decision Networks (By Guillaume Marceau)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Marceau%20EIDN47.pdf

In this article, we propose a synthetic model of information structuring and
broadcasting within companies and around them. We insist on showing the
relationships that must exist between network techniques, organizational
structures and corporate human resources. The information systems conception
method we present here permits to create ergonomic managerial decision helping
tools. This paper is made in the continuity of precedent works dedicated to the
building of corporate decision networks.


GERMANY: Online Peer-to-Peer Lending - A Literature Review (By Alexander
Bachman, Alexander Becker, Daniel Burckner, Michel Hilker, Frank Koch, Mark
Lehmann, Philip Tiburtius and Burkhardt Funk)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Alexander%20Becker.pdf

The term online peer-to-peer lending (P2P) describes the loan origination
process between private individuals on online platforms were financial
institutions operate only as intermediates required by law. Initialized by
groups in online social networks, first commercial online P2P lending platforms
started in 2005. Thus online P2P lending is a relatively young research field.
This paper gives a brief overview of the P2P lending market and reviews the
research on the determinants of P2P lending. We distinguish between financial
and demographic characteristics of the borrower, as well as social
characteristics like friends and group affiliation. The reviewed literature
gives insights on how the determinants affect the borrowers' likelihood of
successful funding, the final interest rate that has to be paid as well as the
relationship of the borrowers' characteristics and lending success.


INDIA: E-banking Security Issues - Is there  Solution in Biometrics?
(By Amtul Fatima)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Fatima.pdf

The providers of Internet banking services must be more responsive towards
security requirements. While there is no doubt that Internet banking transaction
should have layered protection against security threats, the providers should
approach security considerations as part of their service offerings. Biometric
based authentication and identification systems are the new solutions to address
the issues of security and privacy. Using biometrics for identification restrict
individuals from access to physical spaces and electronic services An effective
authentication method should have customer acceptance, reliable performance,
scalability to accommodate growth, and interoperability with existing systems
and future plans. In this study, the security threats in Internet banking, its
solutions in biometrics and its acceptance in the consumer market are studied
using descriptive and exploratory research. The methods of descriptive research
are used to obtain information concerning the major security issues in
e-Banking. The research had been completed on the basis of secondary data
(online databases, scientific journals, surveys, news).


INDIA: Innovated Technology in Banking Services (By Kamini Singh)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Kamini%20Singh.pdf

The study focuses on the Innovative services provided by the banks as mobile
banking, phone banking, card banking, internet banking and inter-branch banking.
The study analyse the satisfaction level, usage period and user rate of account
holders while using these innovative banking services. The study also focus on
the inter relationship between the groups and with in the groups. The broad
objective of the study has, therefore, been to assess and analyze the degree of
goodness and satisfaction of innovated banking service among the account
holders; to analyze the existing differentials in levels of innovative banking
services (phone banking, mobile banking, card banking, and internet banking and
inter branch banking) provided by public and the private sector banks; to
analyze the various factors considered while choosing the bank.


JORDAN: The Use of Theory Reasoned of Action to Study Information Technology in
Jordan (By Malek Al-Majali)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Malek.pdf

Internet Banking Service her after called (IBS) is an information intensive
business that has become a major trend in the financial marketplace nowadays. It
is important to understand what factors will impact the customer's attitude
toward internet banking service adoption her after called (IBSA) in Jordan. This
study uses a survey data of 700 Jordanian public university employees that have
used internet banking services. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed
to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement, and the structural
equation modelling techniques (Amos 6.0) were used to evaluate the causal model.
The results show that the Jordanian customers have high intention to adopt IBS.
Also the results show that customer's attitude and their belief about social
influence play a vital role in influencing the IBSA intention. In addition,
attitude and subjective norm are influenced by attitudinal belief and normative
belief structures. This study found that perceived risk, trust and awareness of
IBSA are significant factors that influence customer's attitude towards IBSA.
Additionally, family and mass media are significant factors that influence
subjective norm.


KOREA: Web Development Life Cycle: A New Methodology for Developing Web
Applications (By Aaron M. French)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Aaron%20French.pdf

Service Science is the basis of information system and web services that ascribe
to the provider/client model. This paper developments a methodology that can be
used in the development of web services such as websites, web applications and
eCommerce. The goal is to development a methodology that will add structure to a
highly unstructured problem to assist in the development and success of web
services. The new methodology proposed will be called the Web Development Life
Cycle (WDLC) and adapted from existing methodologies and applied to the context
of web development. This paper will outline in detail the proposed phases of the
WDLC.


KOREA: Effects of Information Intermediary Functions of Comparison Shopping
Sites on Customer Loyalty (By Hyung Seok Lee, Dong Soo Jin, and Jemi Choi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Lee%20et%20al_2011%20JIBC.pdf

Customers are able to enjoy convenience and save time by turning to e-commerce
for purchasing services and products. However, the increasing availability of
product information and large differences in prices can lead to information
overload for customers. Comparison shopping sites can address this problem by
allowing customers to make more informed purchase decisions. Comparison shopping
sites function as intermediaries, maintaining intentions and encouraging repeat
visits. This study evaluates the effects of information intermediary functions
of comparison shopping sites on customers' e-loyalty to comparison shopping
sites.


MALAYSIA: End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) Towards Computerised Accounting
System (CAS) in Public Sector: A Validation of Instrument (By Azleen Illias and
Mohd Zulkeflee Abd Razak)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Azleen%20Ilias.pdf

This paper adapts and validates instruments (i.e. accuracy, ease of use,
reliability, timeliness, content, format, and satisfaction) for measuring
end-user computing satisfaction (EUCS) of computerized accounting system (CAS)
in government sector (responsibility centre). The research was conducted using a
set of questionnaire to 90 public sector's staffs that using CAS. Descriptive
analysis and factor analysis were employed in this study to measure and validate
the factors contributing to end-user computing satisfaction. The finding of this
study verifies that a revised instrument with some changes to the EUCS
instruments is still valid in measuring user satisfaction. We found that most of
the factor loading for each item is above 0.7, which support the Doll and
Torkzadeh model (1988).


MALAYSIA: E-business Adoption Amongst SMEs: A Structural Equation Modelling
Approach (By Azyanee Luqman and Nurmuslimah Kamilah Abdullah)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/AzyaneeLuqman.pdf

The adoption of e-business amongst small and medium sized enterprises in the
state of Terengganu, Malaysia is still quite low. Hence, identifying the success
factors that contribute to e-business adoption is crucial. This article examines
the factors that determine the e-business adoption amongst small and medium
enterprises and its causal effects using a theoretical model based on the
Innovation Diffusion Theory. The research model consists of five exogenous
latent constructs, namely relative advantage, compatibility, complexity,
trialability and observability. Data relating to the constructs were collected
from 337 small and medium sized enterprises located in the state of Terengganu,
Malaysia and subjected to Structural Equation Modelling analysis. Confirmatory
Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the reliability, construct
validity, convergent validity and goodness of fit of individual construct and
measurement models. The hypothesized structural model fits the data well.
Results indicate that the significant factor that leads to the adoption of
e-business is compatibility. Finally, implications and suggestions of these
findings are discussed.


MALAYSIA: An Exploration of Social Networking Sites (SNS) Adoption in Malaysia
Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and
Intrinsic Motivation (By Goh Say Leng, Suddin Lada, Mohd Zukifli Muhammad, Ag
Asri Hj Ag Ibrahim, and Tamrin Amboala)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Mohd%20Zulkifli.pdf

The objective of the paper is to explore the factors that encourage students to
adopt social network sites (SNS) in Malaysia and to use the study's findings to
develop guidelines for SNS providers on how to maximize the rate of adoption. A
conceptual model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned
Behaviour (TPB) and intrinsic motivation is proposed and empirically tested in
the context of SNS usage. Structural Equation modelling was used on the survey
data from 283 university students to test the model fit and corresponding
hypotheses. The results show that both TAM and TPB were supported in their
predictions of SNS usage intention and perceived enjoyment is a more significant
antecedent of attitude as compared to perceived usefulness. Other than
communicating with others, the users are looking for fun and enjoyment from
using SNS. The relationships between the factors were also presented.
Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed at the end of the article.
The paper has addressed two limitations that provide opportunities for other
researchers to explore them in depth in the future in the similar field of
social network sites (SNS). The limitations are presented in the conclusion's
part. For researchers, this paper provides a framework to identify and
understand the way the potential key factors contribute to the adoption of SNS.
For practitioners, this framework lists the features that specifically attract
SNS users. Understanding users' preferences is of major importance in e-
businesses for making strategic decisions to increase user satisfaction, as well
as improving the performance of the business.


NIGERIA: Loan Fraud Detection and IT-based Combat Strategies (By Ifeyinwa Ajah
and Chibueze Inyiama)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Ajah.pdf

Loan portfolio problems have historically been the major cause of bank losses
because of inherent risk of possible loan losses (credit risk). The study of
Bank Loan Fraud Detection and IT-Based Combat Strategies in Nigeria which
focused on analyzing the loan assessment system was carried out purposely to
overcome the challenges of high incidence of Non- Performing Loan (NPL) that are
currently being experienced as a result of lack of good decision making
mechanisms in disbursing loans. NPL has led to failures of some banks in the
past, contributed to shareholders losing their investment in the banks and
inaccessibility of bank loans to the public. Information Technology (IT) is a
critical component in creating value in banking industries. It provides decision
makers with an efficient means to store, calculate, and report information about
risk, profitability, collateral analysis, and precedent conditions for loan.
This results in a quicker response for client and efficient identification of
appropriate risk controls to enable the financial institution realize a profit.
In this paper we discussed the values of various applications of information
technology in mitigating the problems of loan fraud in Nigeria financial
Institutions.


PAKISTAN: Customer Perception Towards Online Banking Services: Empirical
Evidence from Pakistan (By Abdullah Bin Omar, Naveed Sultan, Khalid Zaman,
Nazish Bibi, Abdul Wajid, and Khalid Khan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/KhalidZAMAN.pdf

The Promotion of online banking technology enabled the banks to enhance its
operations with cost cutting effectively and efficiently in order to handle
daily banking affairs via online banking channel. Customers are being
facilitated by reducing their visits in banks and they can carryout their
transactions via internet or ATM Machines instead of personally visiting the
branches. The researches so far done reveal that mostly the customer of banks
are unaware about online banking services and there is a lack of trust among
customers on online banking services. Especially Pakistan is far behind the
developing countries as a lot of services regarding online banking are not
available in Pakistan. This study examines the customer perception, preferences,
problems and suggestions about online banking in Pakistan. The study reveals
that mostly customers prefer internet banking (IB) services over branch banking
due to reliability, convenience, speed, safety and security, cost effectiveness,
user-friendly, and error free system. In contrast the parallel finding shows
that security problems, lack of trust and knowledge, ATM machine problems etc.
affect the adoption decision of customers of internet banking services. The
services which are not in Pakistan e.g. Cash depositing facility through ATM
machines, "SMS/E-mail Alert" Service, Transfer funds through ATM machines,
Payment of utility bills through internet are found most required / demanding
services by the customers in this study. This study will helps the banks that
how they can improve the level of online banking services in Pakistan and what
are the potential issues or services that should be introduced in society to
facilitate the customer in a better way and to compete their rivals in banking
industry as a whole.


SAUDI ARABIA: The Impact of E-banking on the Performance of Jordanian Banks (By
Mohammad O. Al-Smadi and Saad A. Al-Wabel)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Mohammad%20Oqlah%20Al-Smadi.pdf

Electronic banking has become one of the most important and modern applications
that has witnessed a substantial expansion during the last years. This study
examines the impact of electronic banking on the Jordanian banks' performance.
Empirical analysis has been conducted on a panel data of 15 Jordanian banks for
the period 2000-2010. Accounting data were used to measure the banks'
performance and regressed on relevant variables using OLS regression. The
results show that electronic banking has a significant negative impact on banks'
performance. Electronic banking has not improved the performance of these banks.
Banks' customers in Jordan depend on traditional channels to carry out their
banking operations. As a result, costs associated with adopting electronic
banking are still higher than revenues from provision electronic services.
Hence, banks should focus its work to promote the confidence of electronic
banking services and encourage the customers to use this kind of services.


TAIWAN: An Empirical Study of Customers' Perception of E-banking Service Based
on Time Usage (By Chao Chao Chuang and Fu-Ling Hu
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Chuang.pdf

Banks have invested heavily in developing online competence in the hope of
attracting customers to the new, cheaper service channel. This research attempts
to investigate customers' perception of different time usage of banking website
services. This study adopts a convenient sampling strategy and chooses Northern
Taiwan residents to be subjects. Research findings are as follows. It means two
different types of customers (i.e., short-time usage, long-time usage online
banking customers) have different value perceptions of exploration factor,
security factor and specialty information service factor but similar evaluations
of transaction technicalities factor, decision-making convenience factor and
interactive interrogation factor. It implies that the utilitarian functions
(transaction technicalities factor, decision-making convenience factor and
interactive interrogation factor) are the essential website service for most
online banking customers. The results show online banking services need to
intensify the core functions and design these utilitarian features as
effectively as possible to satisfy all online banking customers' need. On the
other hand, providing better service on exploration and specialty information
factor is more successful to keep and attract long-time usage online banking
customers.


UNITED KINGDOM: CRM in a Segmented E-banking/E-commerce Marketplace - New
Approaches to Date Analysis (By Jonathan Cottrell)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/cottrell3.pdf

We explore the development of a probabilistic model of segmented markets, and go
on to show how such a model adds value in various common e-banking and
e-commerce scenarios. We compare this modern treatment with classical
approaches, and demonstrate how such a probabilistic model reduces the cost of
acquiring new customers, improves ROI on marketing campaigns, and helps identify
the correct point to intervene in the customer lifecycle to retain previously
loyal customers.


UNITED KINGDOM: Corporate Sustainability of Green Technology and Assessment of
the Environment and Challenges Faced by Regulatory Authorities in Uganda: A Case
of the Electricity Regulatory authority (ERA) (By Ezendu Ariwa)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/Ezendu.pdf

Governments across Africa have established regulatory agencies for utilities but
these have largely been modeled on those in developed countries and have had
limited success. The Electricity Regulatory Authority in Uganda was set up to
oversee this important sector but its success has so far been limited as
evidenced by the quality, reliability and cost of the service. The Purpose of
this study is to examine the factors that influence the performance of ERA, with
a view to coming up with mitigation measures. In the first part of the study
(presented in this paper), annual reports of the regulatory body, supplemented
with press reports, academic papers, and conferences reports are examined. In
the second part of the study, the Electricity Governance Toolkit (EGTK) will be
used to collect data from relevant electricity laws, rules and regulations
developed by the Government of Uganda as well as procedures developed by the
regulatory body, and the decisions  it has made overtime. In addition, the
researchers will conduct interviews with regulatory members and staff, civil
society and consumer groups that have filed cases before ERA, as well as a
sample of domestic and industrial consumers within Kampala District. Both
qualitative (arranging the findings in themes) and quantitative techniques (t
tests, frequencies and means) will be utilized to analyze the data.


ZIMBABWE: Adoption and Use of SMS/Mobile Banking Services in Zimbabwe: An
Exploratory Study (By Dube Thulani, Njanike Kosmas, Manomano Collins, and
Chriseri Lloyd)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/tdube%20manuscript.pdf

The study sought to investigate the benefits of SMS banking and the challenges
faced by banks with the view of adopting this technology as an alternative
delivery channel. The exploratory research design was used for the study. A
sample of fifteen commercial banks was chosen including those that offered the
service and those that are yet to adopt SMS banking. The main respondents were
banks' marketing staff, electronic banking personnel who provided most of the
information on the SMS banking services offered, level of adoption, volume of
transactions and the security of the application. Data was gathered over a
period of a month using a questionnaire as well as follow up interviews. Data
was presented in the form of tables and graphs while descriptive statistics were
computed and used in the interpretation of the findings. The findings showed
that although SMS banking was first launched in 2004, the service was still in
its infancy. Evidence showed that accessibility and affordability were the major
drivers to the adoption of SMS banking. The research confirmed the assertion
that the appeal is more about accessibility and affordability in developing
countries. This has been exacerbated by the lack of regulation for electronic
banking in Zimbabwe. The study recommended an increased awareness campaign by
banks and development of policy and regulation for electronic banking in
Zimbabwe.


=====================
Opinion Articles
=====================

BELGIUM: Bitcoin: A Bit Too Far?
(By Edwin Jacobs)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/20110704%20JIBC%20Edwin%20JACOBS%2\
0BITCOIN.pdf

Bitcoin is a free open source peer-to-peer electronic cash system that is
completely decentralised, without the need for a central server or trusted
parties. This article focuses briefly on some legal issues related to financial
regulatory aspects about e- money and payment services.


MALAYSIA: Seven Unique Differentiation Strategies to Online Businesses: A
Comprehensive Review of Malaysia Airline System (MAS) (By Mohd Zulkeflee Abd
Razak and Azleen Ilias)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-08/mohd%20zulkeflee%20razak.pdf

Differentiation is defined as the process of adding a set of meaningful and
valued differences to distinguish the company's offering from competitors'
offerings (Kotler, 2003, p. 315). The created value as obtain from being
difference is to enhance the standard, performance review and establishment of
one's company. Therefore it's important to strategize company's differences in
boosting up the profit, achievement and acknowledgement. The main purpose of the
case study is to review and evaluate MAS's website by applying Seven Unique
Differentiation Strategies to Online Businesses (site environment/ atmospherics,
making the intangible tangible, building trust, efficiency and timely order
processing, pricing, CRM and enhancing the experience). In this study,
qualitative data from MAS's website was analyzed and discussed through proposed
concise list of Seven Unique Differentiation Strategies to Online Businesses by
Strauss and Frost, 2006. The study is expected to improve the differentiation of
organization's image and service information availability and accessibility on
the Web in future. Finally, Researches agree to look into further the changes
that should be made to enhance the Air Asia website evaluations and that changes
are pertaining to virtual tours, appealing the 3-D images, immediate customer
response and better "On Time Acknowledgement" for MAS's CRM.


=====================
Help Wanted
=====================

JIBC is growing, and as a part of new opportunities we are looking for two new
key members of our editorial team to act as Assistant Editors. The candidates
should be open to evolving responsibilities, have strong research,
organizational and communication skills, ability to work both independently and
with the JIBC editorial team, proficiency at multitasking, and be passionate
about the newly emerging field of electronic banking and commerce. Past editors
have used the position as a staging ground for the leading positions in the
global academia and industry.

For a highly qualified person well familiar with HTML and looking for a
world-class carrier in ecommerce, these positions opens unparalleled
opportunities to work closely with a wide range of international scholars, to
learn the modern online publishing ropes, to develop familiarity with the style
guides and establish useful academic and industrial connections. It provides an
excellent opportunity to hone your editing and time management skills, to gain
experience in academic publishing, and to actively develop an understanding of
issues considered of great import to the electronic banking and commerce.

Successful candidates will help JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal and
our Managing Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo in working with the JIBC authors to
ensure high academic quality contributions and preparing submissions for our
leading publication. They will provide the editorial input on the articles'
fitness for publication, and perform formatting of each article to ensure that
their language, layout and style meet academic standards.

As we only issue JIBC three times a year, the volunteer Assistant Editors will
be asked to commit just 2-3 hours of work per week performed on their own
schedule. Please send your CV to JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or
myself if you would like to participate and contribute to our advanced global
community.


=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading peer-reviewed publication whose goal is to advance the science
and practice of Internet banking and electronic commerce.  JIBC informs
academics, executives and professionals on principal developments,
profit-oriented and sustainable business architecture, benchmarked practices,
compliance, risk and accountability, and the emerging trends in the
Internet-based business, management and marketing of governments and industry. 
Our free online interactive journal is a way to provide critical perspectives,
distribute results, share information, establish research and business contacts
(networking), and keep in touch.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily devoted to original
articles describing theory and practice, guest columns, important announcements,
as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the editor that advance the field of
electronic commerce.  We will try to keep away from technology discussions and
leave them to other specialized publications.

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic commerce.  We promise
not to get too "techie."  Not too many fights but lots of good discussion.  We
need your articles, your substantive research results, emails, contributions and
discussions.  You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that we keep on
the JIBC Web site.

We have a global readership of leading academics, professionals and decision
makers.  We include links to email and Web addresses of each author.  An email
edition with executive summaries of the articles goes out about every 3-4
months.  The email version has many subscribers, about half outside the North
America.

Our Journal definitely focuses on quality, not quantity.  We are editing to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information.  We do this by
selecting key items to include into the email portion of the Journal.  Larger
articles and columns, as well as background information, are placed on our Web
site (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/), with the appropriate notification
in the email part.  JIBC is listed in world leading academic reference
publications and search engines.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access.  All
articles are available for free access and download.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

ICEP20YY™ (International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship) is a trademark of the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
and ARRAY Development (Canada) Inc., 2006, which is occasionally and temporarily
licensed to various local conference organizers around the globe.  YY in the
above listed conference trademark stand for the last two digits of the year of
the conference (i.e., ICeP'09 or ICEP2010).

Please add JIBC email addresses JIBC@yahoogroups.com and
JIBC-owner@yahoogroups.com to your list of safe recipient addresses for spam
filters.

Please send any questions on organizing a new ICEP conference to: <array (at)
ARRAYdev.com>.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
Listings in Search Engines and Reference Publications
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search engines and
academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Wilson Business Periodicals Index
- Wilson Business Abstracts
- Wilson Business Full Text
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Mega Edition
- Wilson OmniFile Full Text, Select Edition
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and Finance (11th
edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science and
Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM Complete™
- ABI/INFORM Global™
- ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry™
- ABI/INFORM Dateline ™
- ABI/INFORM Archive™
- ABI/INFORM Research™
- ABI/INFORM Select™
- ProQuest Banking Information Source™
- ProQuest Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and reference publications.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

======================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol. 16 No. 3 (December 2011)

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/1112-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

Conventional banks are still struggling, trying to overcome post-2008 global
financial crisis and readjust their business models to the Basel III capital
requirements and somewhat more stringent risk controls. Corporate banking is
among a few exceptions that are capable of earning the above-average profits.

Liquidity crunch forces corporations to recognize Supply Chain Finance (SCF) as
the last remaining source of easy-access cash. However, large banks neglect
pursuing SCF and corporate banking opportunities more aggressively, as it is
simply not a top priority for them at the time when their very survival as "too
large to fail" institutions is under a cloud. This, in turn, opens exciting
opportunities for new payment service entrants.

Conventional banks' corporate services are often inefficient, result in many
transactional errors and expensive. Even Fortune 100 companies are unhappy with
their banking services and as a result, some of the world largest corporations
are starting their own private banks, although for a number of valid reasons
their success rate is rather low.

Conventional bank offerings are not that well optimized for midsize companies
that typically experience competitive cost pressure - both from the
multinationals and aggressive ebusiness startups. Especially challenging are
epayment services and dynamic liquidity management in support of international
trade. Hence, many of midsize world-trading companies explore non-banking
quality alternatives, such as B2B payment hubs.

Substantial opportunities for new disruptive entrants servicing mid market and
SME segments are only possible with the embrace of Internet banking and commerce
and new entrepreneurship. The new ebusiness and efinance sectors need proactive
senior executives with strong entrepreneurial drive, who are well familiar with
the modern Governance, Risk Management and Compliance but are also profit and
sustainability oriented.

I would like to use this opportunity to welcome onboard our new Assistant
Managing Editor Francis Chlarie. Francis is a Belgian consultant specializing in
payments and cash management systems. He works as a business consultant for
several large financial institutions in Europe. His interests are in ebanking
channels for corporates, mobile payments and integrated cash management
solutions. Francis holds a master degree in Applied Economics from Leuven
University, Belgium. He is also a certified enterprise architect and has
obtained a professional certificate of treasury at the Febelfin Academy Belgium
(Summa Cum Laude). Francis proactively supports JIBC seasoned Managing Editor
Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo in working with the authors and successfully producing new
journal issues.


JIBC is still growing, and as a part of new opportunities, we are looking for
one more new key member of our editorial team to act as an Assistant Editor. The
candidates should be open to evolving responsibilities, have strong research,
organizational and communication skills, ability to work both independently and
with the JIBC editorial team, proficiency at multitasking, and be passionate
about the newly emerging field of electronic banking and commerce. Past editors
have used the position as a staging ground for the leading positions in the
global academia and industry.

For a highly qualified person well familiar with HTML and looking for a
world-class carrier in ecommerce, this position opens unparalleled opportunities
to work closely with a wide range of international scholars, to learn the modern
online publishing ropes, to develop familiarity with the style guides and
establish useful academic and industrial connections. It provides an excellent
opportunity to hone your editing and time management skills, to gain experience
in academic publishing, and to actively develop an understanding of issues
considered of great import to the electronic banking and commerce.

A successful candidate will help JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal,
Managing Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo and Assistant Managing Editor Francis
Chlarie in working with the JIBC authors to ensure high academic quality
contributions and preparing submissions for our leading publication. She or he
will provide the editorial input on the articles' fitness for publication, and
perform formatting of each article to ensure that their language, layout and
style meet academic standards.

As we only issue JIBC three times a year, a volunteer Assistant Editor will be
asked to commit just 2-3 hours of work per week performed on their own schedule.
Please send your CV to JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or myself if you
would like to participate and contribute to our advanced global community.

Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/EditorialNote_Dec2011.pdf
======================

Recently, The Economist covered two important pieces of news related to old
world economy; first the Chrysler hiring 1800 people and second the story about
Birmingham (mid-land England) manufacturing boom. Both the stories can have
significant impact on world economic landscape. The old economies flourished in
early 19th and 20th century due to manufacturing boom. Slowly as the economies
grows and so the cost, the new economies of the world took the core competencies
away from the shores of the western world. China had shown its dominance in
manufacturing and India succeeded in services sector.

In the last few years the cost of operations in new economies has risen
steadily. As per The Economist article the benefit of off-shoring manufacturing
work to China shrank from 50% to 15% and there are questions about the quality
control. The rise of western economies can have far greater, positive impact on
world economy. In the new market regime, the boundaries of business will be
defined not by cost of operations but by efficiency, innovation and quality. The
reduced dependency on new world will help in stabilizing the old economy and job
markets. At the same time, the new economy will be forced to expand their own
domestic markets. In turn, the biggest beneficiary will be the end customer.

In this issue we have 9 articles. I would invite you to read article Dauw Song
Zhu (et al) which aims to predict consumers' purchase intentions by integrating
trust and perceived risk. The authors have done extensive survey of 705 samples
and study provides evidence of the relationship between consumers' purchase
intention, perceived trust and perceived risk to websites of specific e-vendors.

At JIBC, we always welcome solid empirical research. Like in past, we have
supported conferences, seminars and workshops to share our expertise and
experience with university colleagues, faculty members and corporate. As you all
know, JIBC is the oldest academic online journal in the world published since
1996. Over the last 16 years we have seen the rise 'n' rise of empirical and
application research. Team JIBC has probably the best and most extensive
experience of  dealing with diversified researchers from five continents. The
JIBC editorial board is extending its hand in organizing seminars / workshops at
your campus, in your country. Please do feel free to contact me or Professor
Nahum Goldmann if you wish to discuss it further.

In the end, I wish to announce the joining of a new member of the team; Mr.
Francis Chlarie has joined the team JIBC as Assistant Managing Editor. Francis
is from Belgium - land of beer, chocolates and excellent food. Anybody traveling
to Belgium, please feel free to connect with Francis. I am sure Edwin and
Francis would love to meet you and help you in exploring their wonderful
country.

As always, thanks for supporting JIBC.

Nikhil


=====================
Peer-Reviewed Research Papers
=====================

INDIA: Managing E-Waste in India: Adoption of Need Based Solutions
(By Sanjeev Jain and Kapil Mohan Garg)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/JAIN_Modifiedv02.pdf

Near to two decade after the Basel Convention (BC) under United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP), most of the nations are still working for Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) or E-waste disposal programme. The
Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
their Disposal is the most comprehensive global environmental agreement on
hazardous and other wastes; which aims to protect human health and the
environment against the adverse effects resulting from the generation,
management, transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous and other wastes
(http://www.basel.int/). In the 1990s the focu was set on the control over toxic
substances by means of smart design for recycling and manual disassembly of
hazardous components in the recycling phase itself. Experiences of the last ten
years show that electronic waste policies should serve multiple and broader
societal goals. Developments in shredding and separation technologies have led
to the realisation that dismantling as such does not bring the desired toxic
control, as it depends much more on the destination of disassembled components,
and there are relatively high costs involved. The recovery of valuable materials
and energy preservation has also become much more important. There is an obvious
change in thinking and approach to WEEE (Puja Sawhney et. al. 2008). This paper
presents the preliminary findings of a research study to identify the various
popular methods of managing e-waste in India and reasons for employing those
methods.


MALAYSIA: Online Banking Prospects in Morocco: An Extension of Technology
Acceptance Model
(By Abdelghani Echchabi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/Echchabi_Acceptedv02.pdf

The main purpose of this paper is to study the future prospects of online
banking in Morocco, based on the technology acceptance model, by examining the
intention of the Moroccan customers to adopt online banking and the factors that
influence it. The questionnaire used in this study was distributed to 300
Moroccan banks' customers, and the data gathered were then analysed using
structural equation modelling. The results indicate that perceived ease of use
has a significant positive influence on the perceived usefulness of online
banking, and both the variables have a significant positive influence on the
attitude towards online banking. The latter further has a significant positive
influence on the intention to adopt online banking services in Morocco.
Furthermore, the invariance analysis showed that the influence is different for
male and female customers. It is noteworthy that this is the first study to be
conducted on online banking services in Morocco.


MALAYSIA: Developing and Validating Readiness Measures of Inter-organizational
E-commerce on SMEs
(By Mohd Shanudin Zakaria and Norjansalika Janom)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/Zakaria_acceptedv02.pdf

This paper seeks to contribute to the development of inter organizational or
business-to- business (B2B) e-commerce readiness model for Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs), which focus specifically on the validation process of
e-readiness assessment indicators. The model and tool developed in this research
are multidimensional constructs composed of theoretical dimensions that capture
key elements involving individual, organizational and environmental aspects of
B2B e-commerce. Drawing on mixed methods approach of sequential exploratory
strategy, this study adopted the face validity and content validity approach to
evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the survey instrument. The survey
instrument is used to assess the organization e-commerce readiness. In-depth
semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixth experts from various
organizations who had extensive knowledge on inter organizational e-commerce
theories and practices. The results showed that experts generally agreed on the
appropriateness of various e-readiness indicators. Based on the comments and
recommendations from experts, the pool of items associated is refined and
restructured.


NIGERIA: Bivariate Causality Analysis on the Impact of FDI Inflows and Economic
Growth in Nigeria
(By Obiamaka Priscilla Egbo)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/Egbo_Acceptedv02.pdf

The aim of this study is to find out the direction of causality between foreign
direct investment (FDI) and economic growth (GDP) in Nigeria for a period of 40
years, which is between 1970 to 2009. The study employed in its analysis, the
use of Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the unit root test was used to test for
stationarity of the time series, the Johansen Cointegration test was used to
test for the existence of long-run relationship among the variables and finally,
Granger causality test, to establish the causal relationship between the
variables. The stationarity test (unit root) was carried out in other to
ascertain the order of integration among the variables. The variables foreign
direct investment (FDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) were found to be non-
stationary at their level and first difference with 2 lags. They were thus
integrated of order one 1(1). The Cointegration test which was done using
Johansen Cointegration test, revealed that the variables were cointegrated and
had a unchanging relationship in the long-run. To check for the direction of
causality, the Granger causality test was employed and it indicated that a
causality relationship ran from FDIs to GDP which showed a uni-directional
relationship. From the result of this work, it was ascertained that during the
period under study, that there was a positive relationship between FDI and GDP
which is a strong indication that FDI leads to economic growth in Nigeria.


NIGERIA: Factors Influencing Electronic Business Technologies Adoption and Use
by Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in a Nigerian Municipality
(By Wole Olatokun and Busola Bankole)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/WoleOlatokun_Acceptedv02.pdf

This study examined the adoption of e-business technologies by SMEs in Ibadan a
metropolitan city in South West Nigeria. It aimed at finding out the factors
that promote and inhibit the adoption of e-business technologies, the kinds of
e-business technologies adopted and used and their extent of use. It also
identified the challenges faced by SMEs with regard to e-business technologies
use. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Data were collected with
structured questionnaires administered among sixty SMEs (30 adopters and 30
non-adopters). Four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data
were analyzed using frequency and percentage distributions, t-test and multiple
regression. Results showed that majority of the firms were smaller firms with
0-9 employees and not less than 1-5 years of establishment. The respondents
cited perceived benefits as the major factor for adopting e-business
technologies in their firms while 83.4% of non-adopters agreed that low capital
base was the major reason inhibiting them from adoption. Hundred percent of the
firms each have adopted internet technology and electronic mail which are daily
used by all the firms. The major service provided with the use of these
technologies was e-mail to communicate with customers and suppliers. On the
benefit and
challenges of e-business, all the organizations affirmed that e-business have
benefited them in the sharing and exchange of information and improving market
share. About 96.7% of them affirmed inadequate technical manpower as the major
challenge. Further results revealed that the age of the SMEs had significant
relationship on the adoption of e-business while size had no significant
relationship. Independent variables jointly correlated significantly with the
adoption of electronic business (R=0.162) and they contributed (22%) to the
variance of the dependent variables. Their significant contributions were as
follows: perceived benefit (β=0.568, p<0.05), nature of organization's
business (β=0.533, p<0.05); owner's awareness of the technology
(β=-0.577, p<0.05); and (β=0.725, p<0.05) while other variables were
not significant. The results clearly indicate the necessity to provide support
to SMEs to enable them to successfully adopt and use e-business technologies.
The results have implications not only for managers of SMEs but also for
government bodies in developing countries such as Nigeria.


OMAN: Oman's National Payment Systems and their Compliance with International
Standards and Practices
(By Saqib Ali and Ali Al-Jabri)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/Saqib Ali_Acceptedv03.pdf

Payment systems play a major part in the conduct of a country's monetary policy,
financial sector and economic development. These systems are key tools for the
economy in general and the banking and financial sectors in particular. The
central bank plays a leading role, in investing, developing, enhancing and
managing these systems. This research gives an overview of payment systems in
Oman and their compliance to international standards and practices. Also
illustrates the experience of payment systems approaches in developed countries
(USA, UK and Australia) and regional Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.
It shows that there are some gaps in Oman's payment systems with international
standards and practices. Central bank of Oman (CBO) has to give the attention to
these gaps to make payment systems more safe and effective and to comply with
best practices. The financial crisis and technology changes have exposed how
important the interconnections are among the banking system and payment systems.
That suggests the need to strengthen the fundamental parts of a financial
infrastructure, particularly in payment systems. The current issues in the
Oman's payment systems may be an obstacle and against best practices. Therefore,
they need to be highlighted for resolution.


TAIWAN/USA: Mr. Risk! Please Trust Me: Trust Antecedents that Increase Online
Consumer Purchase Intention
(By Dauw Sing Zhu, Zui Chih (Rick) Lee, Gwendolyn S. O'Neal and Yen Hsun Chen)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/Zhu_acceptedv02.pdf

With the rapid growth of e-commerce, the B2C of e-commerce has been a
significant issue. The purpose of this study aims to predict consumers' purchase
intentions by integrating trust and perceived risk into the model to empirically
examine the impact of key variables. 705 samples were obtained from online users
purchasing from e-vendor of Yahoo! Kimo. This study applied the Structural
Equation Model to examine consumers' online shopping based on the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM). The results indicate that perceived ease of use (PEOU),
perceived usefulness (PU), trust, and perceived risk significantly impact
purchase intentions both directly and indirectly. Moreover, trust significantly
reduced online consumer perceived risk during online shopping. This study
provides evidence of the relationship between consumers' purchase intention,
perceived trust and perceived risk to websites of specific e-vendors. Such
knowledge may help to inform promotion, designing, and advertising website
strategies employed by practitioners.


=====================
Opinion Articles
=====================

INDIA: Impact of Internet Growth on the Online Stock Trading in India
(By Sarika Srivastava)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2011-12/Srivastava_Acceptedv03.pdf

Nearly two billion people are connected to the Internet. During the last twenty
years, the technology revolution has had an intense and irreversible impact on
the world and Indian stock market has also witnessed these changes. From its
formal inception in the 19th century, the Indian capital market has come a long
way and can be said to be in a maturity stage, backed by a developed legal
system. The internet has made financial products and services available to more
customers and eliminated geographical barriers. Earlier investors were solely
dependent on their brokers but nowadays they are participating more in buying
and selling of shares with the help of internet. E-trading has saved time,
energy and money as it helps to access the market from any where at any time.
The primary objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of
internet growth on the stock market transactions. The paper also discusses the
current state of internet trading in India and particularly the scope of online
trading market available in India.


=====================
Help Wanted
=====================

JIBC is still growing, and as a part of new opportunities, we are looking for
one more new key member of our editorial team to act as an Assistant Editor. The
candidates should be open to evolving responsibilities, have strong research,
organizational and communication skills, ability to work both independently and
with the JIBC editorial team, proficiency at multitasking, and be passionate
about the newly emerging field of electronic banking and commerce. Past editors
have used the position as a staging ground for the leading positions in the
global academia and industry.

For a highly qualified person well familiar with HTML and looking for a
world-class carrier in ecommerce, this position opens unparalleled opportunities
to work closely with a wide range of international scholars, to learn the modern
online publishing ropes, to develop
familiarity with the style guides and establish useful academic and industrial
connections. It provides an excellent opportunity to hone your editing and time
management skills, to gain experience in academic publishing, and to actively
develop an understanding of issues considered of great import to the electronic
banking and commerce.

A successful candidate will help JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal,
Managing Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo and Assistant Managing Editor Francis
Chlarie in working with the JIBC authors to ensure high academic quality
contributions and preparing submissions for our leading publication. She or he
will provide the editorial input on the articles' fitness for publication, and
perform formatting of each article to ensure that their language, layout and
style meet academic standards.

As we only issue JIBC three times a year, a volunteer Assistant Editor will be
asked to commit just 2-3 hours of work per week performed on their own schedule.
Please send your CV to JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or myself if you
would like to participate and contribute to our advanced global community.


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=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

JIBC is a leading peer-reviewed publication whose goal is to advance the science
and practice of Internet banking and electronic commerce.  JIBC informs
academics, executives and professionals on principal developments,
profit-oriented and sustainable business architecture, benchmarked practices,
compliance, risk and accountability, and the emerging trends in the
Internet-based business, management and marketing of governments and industry.
 Our free online interactive journal is a way to provide critical perspectives,
distribute results, share information, establish research and business contacts
(networking), and keep in touch.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily devoted to original
articles describing theory and practice, guest columns, important announcements,
as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the editor that advance the field of
electronic commerce.   We will try to keep away from technology discussions and
leave them to other specialized publications.

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic commerce. We promise
not to get too "techie."  Not too many fights but lots of good discussion.  We
need your articles, your substantive research results, emails, contributions and
discussions.  You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that we keep on
the JIBC Web site.

We have a global readership of leading academics, professionals and decision
makers.  We include links to email and Web addresses of each author.  An email
edition with executive summaries of the articles goes out about every 3-4
months.  The email version has many subscribers, about half outside the North
America.

Our Journal definitely focuses on quality, not quantity.  We are editing to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information.  We do this by
selecting key items to include into the email portion of the Journal. Larger
articles and columns, as well as background information, are placed on our Web
site (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/), with the appropriate notification
in the email part.  JIBC is listed in world leading academic reference
publications and search engines.

JIBC strives to achieve the fairest process of the anonymous peer review for all
research articles.  Articles in the Opinion Articles (Non-Peer Reviewed) section
are based on sole opinion of the author(s). JIBC Editorial Board is not
responsible for peer-reviewing the articles in this section.

JIBC is in full compliance with DOAJ/BOAI definitions of open access. All
articles are available for free access and download.

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service by
ARRAY Development based in Ottawa, Canada.  Views expressed are those of the
authors and are not necessarily shared by ARRAY Development.  Firms or
individuals interested in sharing sponsorship of this project may contact array
(at) ARRAYdev.com.

ICEP20YYT (International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
Entrepreneurship) is a trademark of the Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
and ARRAY Development (Canada) Inc., 2006, which is occasionally and temporarily
licensed to various local conference organizers around the globe.  YY in the
above listed conference trademark stand for the last two digits of the year of
the conference (i.e., ICeP'09 or ICEP2010).

Please add JIBC email addresses JIBC@yahoogroups.com and
JIBC-owner@yahoogroups.com to your list of safe recipient addresses for spam
filters.

Please send any questions on organizing a new ICEP conference to: <array
(at) ARRAYdev.com>.

The JIBC Web Archive
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/articles.htm contains all articles
published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or comments
by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
Listings in Academic Databases and Search Engines
=================================

JIBC Editorial Board strives to list our Journal in leading search engines and
academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented in:

- EBSCO Business Source Complete
- EBSCO Business Source Premier
- EBSCO A-to-Z Service
- Scopus
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Economics and Finance (11th
edition)
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Marketing
- Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Computer Science and
Business Information Systems (1st edition)
- ABI/INFORM CompleteT
- ABI/INFORM GlobalT
- ABI/INFORM Trade & IndustryT
- ABI/INFORM Dateline T
- ABI/INFORM ArchiveT
- ABI/INFORM ResearchT
- ABI/INFORM SelectT
- ProQuest Banking Information SourceT
- ProQuest Entrepreneurship
- DOAJ, the Directory of Open Access Journals
- Google search engine
- Yahoo search engine

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and reference publications.


=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Assistant Managing Editor: Francis Chlarie

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors

Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J.Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
array (at) ARRAYdev.com

Information and subscription for JIBC mailing list is available via:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JIBC/

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Vol. 17 No. 1 (April 2012)

======================
From JIBC Publisher Nahum Goldmann
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/1204-Publ_PDFVersion.pdf
======================

The Emerging Role of Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (GRC)

In the emerging `post High-tech' economic paradigm, eFinance, as well as
Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (GRC) are often seen as the strategic
engines of industrial and commercial growth, innovation and social renewal.
Moreover, in the current financial environment, the attention of investors and
stakeholders focuses on the corporate ability to maintain a strong capital
position that protects it from financial crises. All these factors imply the
critical importance of new innovation players, such as central banks, government
regulatory bodies and investment funds, which in the past were not necessarily
seen as primary industry innovation engines.

If deployed proactively across the organization, GRC could provide corporate
board, top executives and middle management with the comprehensive online
reporting framework for managing governance and compliance risks, thus ensuring
competitive advantage. It structures the mature flow of policies, procedures,
documentation, and risk assessments, transforming the organizational culture in
the process.

Strong impact of GRC tools and practices on Internet commerce, finance and
governance is undeniable. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce should
provide a global platform for the research on this critical subject.


JIBC is still growing, and as a part of new opportunities, we are looking for
one more new key member of our editorial team to act as an Assistant Editor. The
candidates should be open to evolving responsibilities, have strong research,
organizational and communication skills, ability to work both independently and
with the JIBC editorial team, proficiency at multitasking, and be passionate
about the newly emerging field of electronic banking and commerce. Past editors
have used the position as a staging ground for the leading positions in the
global academia and industry.

For a highly qualified person well familiar with HTML and looking for a
world-class carrier in ecommerce, this position opens unparalleled opportunities
to work closely with a wide range of international scholars, to learn the modern
online publishing ropes, to develop familiarity with the style guides and
establish useful academic and industrial connections. It provides an excellent
opportunity to hone your editing and time management skills, to gain experience
in academic publishing, and to actively develop an understanding of issues
considered of great import to the electronic banking and commerce.

A successful candidate will help JIBC Editor-in-Chief Prof. Nikhil Agarwal,
Managing Editor Dr. Xin "Robert" Luo and Assistant Managing Editor Francis
Chlarie in working with the JIBC authors to ensure high academic quality
contributions and preparing submissions for our leading publication. She or he
will provide the editorial input on the articles' fitness for publication, and
perform formatting of each article to ensure that their language, layout and
style meet academic standards.

As we only issue JIBC three times a year, a volunteer Assistant Editor will be
asked to commit just 2-3 hours of work per week performed on their own schedule.
Please send your CV to JIBC Chief Editor Prof. Nikhil Agarwal or myself if you
would like to participate and contribute to our advanced global community.


Again, I am asking each and every one of you, our readers and subscribers, to
email JIBC to at least 3 of your colleagues, friends and discussion groups that
you are participating at, and recommend that they also subscribe. Please share
information about JIBC articles with the Internet community and suggest to us
new ways to promote JIBC among academics and professionals from around the
globe.

As well, I am challenging all the current and past authors and editors to email
your own articles -- along with the rest of JIBC edition -- to at least 10 of
your peers and colleagues in academia, government and industry. Make sure that
they are well aware of your articles and the Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce. Recommend that they also subscribe to email editions. After all, we
send it around just 3 times a year.

A special appeal to ecommerce/ebusiness students to pass a word about JIBC to
your professors and classmates and, more important, to ask them to supply new
articles and tell everybody to subscribe.

Please contact us with the suggestion of how to submit information on JIBC to
other leading search engines and academic reference publications. Also, if you
notice publications referring to JIBC articles, please let us know.

Let's spread the word!


======================
From JIBC Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/EditorialNote_April12.pdf
======================

Goodbye Mr. Sarkozy, Welcome President Hollande.

`There must be a change', as one of the voters said in recently concluded French
election. The close election saw socialist Mr. Hollande installed at Elysee
Palace, defeating its rival incumbent Mr Sarkozy. In last one year Europeans has
voted out eight governments, in middle of, what is considered to be the worst
economic crisis. It seems, the elections are not yet over, French election has
set the stage for the bigger election – The American Presidential Election.

There are divided opinion among economists regarding the future of single
currency and austerity measures adopted by European countries. I think, the
problem is beyond the fiscal deficit and monetary issues. Recently, I wrote a
blog on my experiences with Spain and India. The title of the blog is The new
spice trade route: What Spain can learn from India. In this blog, I talked about
how the road to the economic prosperity is tough, long and sometimes bumpy. The
Indians (and Chinese) have learnt the hard way what the Europeans might have
forgotten, that the prosperity mainly comes from encouraging the private
initiative, rather than by raising regulatory barriers.

I must acknowledge the efforts of our editors Robert Xin Luo and Francis Chlarie
for editing the mammoth April issue of JIBC. In this issue we have 25 articles
covering range of topics from cybercriminals and anti-phishing to experience of
using Internet banking in countries like Jordan, Tunisia and Zimbabwe. Please do
submit your opinion and comments on the articles, we would be glad to pass it to
our authors.

JIBC is supporting an international conference on `Governance, Risk and
Compliance on Oct 24th, 2012 in New-Delhi, India. The conference is organized by
Jindal Global Business School's Center for Applied Finance. JIBC will be
inaugurating a special issue on the select conference papers. Professor D N
Pandey, Executive Director of Center for Applied Finance has kindly consented to
be guest editor for the special issue. For more information and registration,
please visit www.jgu.edu.in

I also want to take this opportunity to congratulate Mr. Nahum Goldmann who is
nominated as jury member for prestigious Global Management Guru Award 2012
(GMGA). The annual award recognise the contribution of leading management
scholar. The award will be given in November 2012.

In end, I wish to highlight a new interesting social effort by our past author –
Ruchi Agarwal. FinGuru (www.finguru.org) is a 100% free finance tutorials
focusing on basic and advance concepts used in financial industry. The website
is a good resource for students and executives, who wish to quickly refresh
their memory or learn a concept or two.
As always, thanks for supporting JIBC. Nikhil Agarwal


=====================
Peer-Reviewed Research Papers
=====================

BRAZIL: Profile of the Electronic Commerce Consumer: A Study with Brazilian
University Students
(By Dario de Oliveira Lima-Filho, Camila de Souza Alves, Filipe Quevedo-Silva,
Luisa Brito Moreira, Vincente Rodrigues Garcez and William Ferreira Aratani)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Lima-Filhov02.pdf

This work aimed to analyze the profile of electronic commerce costumers, as well
as identify characteristics that differentiate costumers from non-costumers of
electronic commerce. For this purpose, a quantitative-descriptive study was
carried out with university students of a federal public university of the
south-western region of Brazil, during the first half of 2011, using a
structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics,
logistic regression and cluster analysis. The results showed that more than 75%
of the students had already made purchases over the Internet and that security
and price were major factors in their decision. Men were the primary users of
electronic commerce and this type of consumption was positively related to
income and the use of credit cards. In addition, consumption preferences able to
differentiate consumers of electronic commerce from non-consumers were: quick
and practical shopping, risk perception and indifference towards testing the
products before making purchases. The results also indicated that there were
four different segments in habits, preferences and socio-demographic
characteristics: "controlled", "young consumers", "basic consumer" and
"conventional buyers".


INDIA: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Scale Development & Validation in
the Indian Banking Sector
(By Arun Kumar Agariya and Deepali Singh)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Manuscript_CRM%20Scale%20Developme\
nt%20&%20Validation%20in%20Indian%20Banking%20Sectorv03.pdf

The aim of this paper is to develop a reliable and valid CRM (Customer
relationship management) scale specifically catering to Indian banking sector.
An exhaustive review of literature on CRM was followed by depth interview and
questionnaire survey. Exploratory factor analysis was followed by confirmatory
factor analysis, which was presented in three forms; the single factor model,
covariance model and the structural model. The covariance model shows CRM in
Indian banking sector as a multidimensional construct comprising of factors
namely organizational structure and customer support, service quality, trust,
technology, personalization and market orientation. The structural model
validates the previously extracted factors along with their indicators. The
findings of this study validate the long held belief that CRM is a
multidimensional construct and serves as a critical success factor for business
performance. Since this study was conducted in context of Indian banking sector,
the generalizability of the CRM scale has to be tested in other countries. A
fair amount of literature on Indian banking sector dealt with identifying
factors explaining the constructs of quality, value or satisfaction. But there
is paucity of research pertaining to industry specific CRM scale development and
validation. This study is an attempt to bridge this gap in the existing
literature. It provides a conceptually validated CRM scale catering to Indian
banking sector, which can help the managers in implementing the CRM in an
effective manner and also can be used as a tool to identify the major areas
requiring attention.


INDIA: Pixtastic: Steganography Based Anti-Phishing Browser Plug-in
(By P. Thiyagarajan, G. Aghila and V. Prasanna Venkatesan)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/P.pdf

In spite of existence of many standard security mechanisms for ensuring secure
e- Commerce business, users still fall prey for online attacks. One such simple
but powerful attack is `Phishing'. Phishing is the most alarming threat in the
e-Commerce world and effective anti-phishing technique is the need of the hour.
This paper focuses on a novel anti-phishing browser plug-in which uses
information hiding technique - Steganography. A Robust Message based Image
Steganography (RMIS) algorithm has been proposed. The same has been incorporated
in the form of a browser plug-in (safari) called Pixastic. Pixastic is tested in
an online banking scenario and it is compared with other well-known
anti-phishing plug-in methods in practice. Various parameters such as
robustness, usability and its behavior on various attacks have been analysed.
From experimental results, it is evident that our method Pixastic performs well
compared to other anti-phishing plug-ins.


INDIA: Satisfaction and Effectiveness of Virtual Organization in Excess of Real
Organization: A Study of Selected Commercial Banks in India
(By Vivek Uprit)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Vivek%20Upritv02.pdf

The invention of Internet & web technology has given birth to so many new
concepts in Business one of such example is emergence of virtual banking.
Virtual banking is one of the latest emerging trends on the Indian banking
Scenario. Usage of virtual banking, though present in India was rest restricted
to foreign banks. Today most of public sectors banks branches in metros and
cities, have computerized front office operations (customer transaction) and
their back office operation and information management system are also
increasingly getting computerized and integrated. However, it may be noted that
the traditional `brick and mortar' banking with manual system does continue to
prevail in most banks' rural branches in urban areas too, most of the urban
co-operative banks continue to use the manual system of banking. The article
studies the comparatively study of real banking & virtual banking in India and
its role in fostering relationships with customers and giving them more value.
The proposed study includes the evolution need and relevant, forces driving,
merits and demerits of real banking and virtual banking. This work will include
the comparative study of virtual banking and real (Traditional Banking) banking.
Results have shown that virtual corporation (banking) can produce financial
rewards for the organization.


INDIA: An Empirical Study on Service Quality Perceptions and Continuance
Intention in Mobile Banking Context in India
(By Reji Kumar G. and D. Sudharani Ravindran)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Rejikumar_acceptedv02.pdf

This paper examines the factors influencing the continuance decisions of the
early adopters of m-banking services in Kerala, India. The study was designed in
the backdrop of the issues faced by the banks to attract more customers
irrespective of the huge mobile penetration in the country. The study used
constructs adopted from Technology Acceptance Model along with constructs of
perceived service quality, perceived credibility and perceived risk to
empirically establish the influence on satisfaction and continuance usage
intentions. The study could find strong linkage between perceived service
quality, satisfaction and continuance intentions. The study also confirmed that
after adoption of the technology, the customer finds satisfaction in the quality
parameters of the service. Perceptions about the risks involved in m-banking had
adverse impact on service quality and satisfaction. Continuance intentions were
found solely dependent on satisfaction in the m-banking context in Kerala.


INDIA: An Assessment of ROI in Online Perspective Leading to a Critical Review
and Framework Development towards Standardization of ROI Practices
(By Saurbh Mishra and Madhvendra Misra)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Saurabh_acceptedv02.pdf

This papers explores, usage of Marketing ROI (Return on Investment), in online
environment pertaining to key business issues in online marketing function. It
chronologically evaluates different practices and avenues of marketing ROI,
resulting into the evolution of certain key parameters and their respective
methodologies of evaluation. The paper concludes with the proposed framework
achieved through standardization resulting out of best practices and prevalent
policies amongst corporations operating in the online business scenario.


INDIA: An Approach for Common Interface for Multiple Online Banking (CIMOBM)
(By Sree Rekha Gurajala and V. K. Agrawal)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Sreerekhav02.pdf

This research work was initiated with a main objective of providing
progressively higher degree of security in online banking (web banking) for
future generation Internet banking. The underlying knowledge models are
represented using petrinet formalism in all the phases and systems. The plan is
also represented using petrinets. Hierarchical timed petrinets (HTPN) is used
for our modelling, since it captures the temporal requirements of the real time
online banking operations as well as facilitates the modelling of the
large-scale system with multiple levels of abstraction. The necessary primitives
for the plan representation including concurrency, synchronization, temporal,
activity sequencing, mutual exclusion, resource constraints and decision making
actions are defined using petrinet constructs. The static and dynamic actions as
well as resource modelling are illustrated using timed petrinet model, developed
using HPsim tool. Planning a petrinet framework is one of the easy
understandable ways of representing complex problems and various issues
involved. We have presented some simulation models for representing the complex
web-banking model which is common for multiple banks.


INDIA: Internet Banking: Content Analysis of Selected India Public and Private
Sector Banks' Online Portals
(By Tejinderpal Singh and Manpreet Kaur)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Tejinderpal%20Singh%20accetpedv02.\
pdf

Advancement in technology has played an important role in the distribution
strategy of commercial banks. Banks distribute their products and services not
only through a sole channel but instead through a variety of channels such as
internet banking, automated teller machines, mobile banking, phone banking, TV
baking etc. Internet banking has attracted the considerable amount of interest
of researchers in the recent times. Previously research studies had concentrated
on the perception about online service quality, adoption of internet banking,
impact of information technology in banking, etc. based on customers' opinion.
However, on the other side, in depth analysis of bank's online portal without
approaching the customers may also provide meaningful insight about the online
portals especially when compared with other banks' online portals. The present
study aims to compare the pre-login and after login features of selected banks'
online portals. For study purpose, two leading banks, one each from public and
private sector were selected. A content analysis technique was used to study the
listed features of selected websites. Study found that selected banks' online
portals differ on various features such as accounts information, fund transfer,
online requests and general information. In the end, study suggested to include
the good feature of other online portal which would help them to make their
sites more secure, informative and user friendly.


IRAN: Factors Affecting Customer E-readiness to Embrace Auto E-insurance
(By Ali Akbar Bromideh)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/AliBromidehv02.pdf

A paucity of attention has been taken to e-readiness from customer point of
view, despite extensive studies in e-readiness topics. This study examined the
factors influencing customer e-readiness to adopt e-insurance. We used a
questionnaire and analyzed the data using SEM. We found that age and human
interaction negatively affected customer e-readiness and perceived
compatibility, ease of use and role clarity were at the top of positively
influencing factors.


JORDAN: The Usage of Internet Banking Services Among Jordanian Consumers
(By Ayed Al-Muala, Malek Al-Majali and Mamdouh Al Ziadat)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Ayed%20acceptedv02.pdf

The study aims to examine factors that influence an individual's intention to
adopt internet banking service based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA).
This theory consists of four factors; two exogenous variables are attitude,
subjective norm, and two endogenous variables are behavior intention and
Internet Banking Service Adoption (IBSA) (actual behavior). This paper also aims
to examine the validity of TRA model on IBSA setting in Jordan. This study uses
a survey data of 700 Jordanian public university employees how used internet
banking services. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine
the reliability and validity of the measurement. The structural equation
modelling techniques (Amos 6.0) were used to evaluate the casual model. Results
of the study demonstrate the strong predictive power of the original TRA model
to explain IBSA in Jordan. Finding this study indicates that the significant
relationship between customers attitude, subjective norm and their intention to
adopt IBS, moreover this study highlight that positive affecting of customers
intention and IBSA.


JORDAN: No More Traditional Stock Market Exchange: A Study of Internet Trading
Service (ITS) in Jordan
(By Malek Al-Majali)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Malekv02.pdf

Internet Trading Service "hereafter called" (ITS) is an information intensive
business that has become a major trend in the financial marketplace nowadays. It
is important to understand what predictors will impact the customer's attitude
toward using ITS in Jordan. This paper is concerned with an empirical
investigation of the factors that could predict customer's attitude toward using
of ITS in Jordan through applications of Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT). The
research model consists of six exogenous variables: perceived usefulness,
perceived ease of use, compatibility, trialability, trust and awareness and one
endogenous variable: attitude toward using of ITS. 300 questionnaires survey
among university staff was implemented and 265 data sets were collected. This
represents 88% response rate. After rigorous data screening process such as
outliers, normality, reliability and validity, 227 data is ready for structural
equation modelling (SEM) analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was
performed to examine the composite reliability, convergent validity and goodness
of fit of individual construct and measurement models. The revised structural
model demonstrates significant and positive direct relationships between all of
six exogenous variables and ITS.


MALAYSIA: Receptiveness of Mobile Banking by Malaysian Local Customers in Sabah:
An Empirical Investigation
(By Hanudin Amin, Rostinah Supinah, Masumurniwati Mohd Aris and Ricardo Baba)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Hanudin_acceptedv02.pdf

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that determine the local
people of Sabah (also known as Sabahan) bank customers' intention to use mobile
banking. This study extends the applicability of the Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM) to mobile banking and includes "perceived credibility", "perceived
enjoyment" and "perceived self- efficacy", in addition to "perceived usefulness"
and "perceived ease of use". The results indicate that perceived credibility,
perceived enjoyment and perceived self-efficacy are important determinants to
predicting the intentions of Malaysia's customers' to use mobile banking.
However, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are not that of
importance in predicting the intentions of the local customers to use mobile
banking. The study contains a sample of local people of Sabah, in
Eastern-Malaysia, and a limited number of measures in the model. Nonetheless, it
provides new insight into factors affecting mobile banking use among local
people in Sabah, a Malaysia's state. The results also provide general guidelines
to banking institutions to better planning of mobile banking services as their
future gadget of banking channel.


MALAYSIA: Perceived Barriers of Innovative Banking Among Malaysian Retail
Banking Customers
(By Jayaraman Munusamy, Sanmugam Annmalah and Shankar Chelliah)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Shanmugamv05.pdf

This study aims to identify perceptual barriers of Internet banking adoption
among Malaysian retail banking customers. The perceptual barrier factors that
analyzed were difficulty to operate, hassle to use, unreliable, perceived risk
and high connection fees. This study employs a quantitative approach using
questionnaire survey at selected banks in Malaysia. The results indicate that
there are significant barriers exist in the perception of Internet banking
adoption among Malaysian retail banking customers. The results indicate several
implications for bank managers to change the perceptions of retail internet
banking customers.


MALAYSIA: Examining Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction and Trust towards
Vendors on the Mobile Internet
(By Norazah Mohd Suki)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Norazah%20Mohd%20Sukiv02.pdf

This study aims to examine factors influencing customer satisfaction and trust
towards vendors on the mobile Internet. Data were analysed among 200 respondents
who completed the questionnaire by employing multiple regression analysis.
Results revealed that customer satisfaction towards the vendor was significantly
influenced by ease-of-use, responsiveness, and brand image. Meanwhile, customer
trust towards the vendor in m-commerce is affected by responsiveness, brand
image and satisfaction towards the vendor in m-commerce. The findings imply
there is a need for a vendor in m-commerce to put greater focus on the factors
that can generate more satisfaction and trust from the customers. The paper
rounds off with conclusions and an agenda for future research in this area.


PAKISTAN: Verification of Social Impact Theory Claims in Social Media Context
(By Imran Mir and Arshad Zaheer)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Imran%20Mirv02.pdf

Social media explosion changed the way of communication. It affected the ways
companies used to interact with their consumers. Most important it changed the
way consumers used to think. Present study attempts to verify the claims and
assumptions of social impact theory in the social media environment. Based on
social impact theory present study examines the impact of number of users (NUs)
on the perceived credibility of user generated content (PCUGC). Furthermore, it
examines the impact of PCUGC on the consumer attitude towards the product
related content embedded in UGC (ATUGC). Empirical evidence was collected from a
random sample of 459 students. Results substantiate the claims and assumptions
of the social impact theory in the social media context. Results show positive
impact of NUs on PCUGC. Similarly, they show positive relationship between PCUGC
and ATUGC.


SOUTH KOREA: A Comparative Study of the Telematics Industry in Korea and China
(By Young-Wook Song, Ji Dae Kim, Liangri Yu, Hyun Kyung Lee and Hyung Seok Lee)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Lee%20acceptedv02.pdf

In this era of digital convergence, telematics has been hailed as a field with
unlimited market potential. Telematics involves the integrated use of
telecommunications and informatics and thus can provide drivers and passengers
with high-value services with a number of functions, including location traffic
information, internet access, and vehicle testing. This study discusses the
regional development trends in and characteristics of the telematics industry
from a global perspective and compares Korea's telematics industry (which has
developed into a test bed for information technology) with China's telematics
industry (which has experienced rapid growth and received considerable attention
from global firms). Specifically, the study investigates the development trends
in and characteristics of the telematics industry in the two countries; the
major industry players; and the differences in the development of the telematics
industry between the two countries.


TAIWAN: A Study of the Relationship between the Value Perception and Loyalty
Intention toward an E-retailer Website
(By Fu-Ling Hu and Chao Chao Chuang)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Hu_acceptedV02.pdf

The Internet has become an important channel for retailers to effectively reach
their target customers or expand into new markets. Due to the low switching
costs for customers and few entry barriers for competitors, competition in the
online environment has become fierce. Value creation for consumers is important
in the success of retaining customers. The Internet provides a new way for
retailers to create value for a wider range of customers. Understanding how to
offer value through the interaction between website attributes and visitors can
help online retailers enhance customer loyalty intention to the site. This study
examined the effects of three components of perceived value on customer loyalty
intention to an e-retailer's website. Perceived value components--utilitarian
value, trust, and hedonic value--were hypothesized to have direct and positive
effects on customer loyalty intention toward an e-retailer's website. Data were
collected from 243 students through five different colleges and 418 office
workers in the urban cities of Northern and Central Taiwan by using a
paper-pencil survey. A Structural Equation Modelling technique was employed to
test the research model. The result shows that trust and utilitarian value both
had significant effects on e-loyalty intention; however, hedonic value did not
appear to have a positive effect on e-loyalty.


TUNISIA: E-satisfaction and E-loyalty of Consumers Shopping Online
(By Moez Ltifi and Jamel-Eddine Gharbi)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Ltifi%20and%20Gharbiv03.pdf
The objective of this research is to study the impact of emotional state and
perceived risk of remote purchase on e-satisfaction during the Internet
shopping. As well, it aims to study the influence of e-satisfaction on
e-loyalty. The data gathering was carried out by a laboratory experiment
followed by a questionnaire. The results show that three dimensions of the
emotional state during Internet shopping (the pleasure, stimulation and
dominance) have a significant positive impact on e-satisfaction. Dimensions of
the perceived risk of remote purchase, (the total risk, the financial risk, the
social risk, the psychological risk, the functional risk, and the physical risk)
don't have a significant impact on e-satisfaction, except the risk of loss of
time has a negative impact. Finally e- satisfaction influences positively and
significantly the e-loyalty of the cyber consumers.


UNITED STATES: The Frequency and Intensity of Experience in Online Banking Use
(By Daniel D. Singer, Babu G. Baradwaj, Susan Flaherty and Francis Rugemer)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Singer_Acceptedv05.pdf

The literature on online banking adoption generally finds experience to be a
positive factor in online banking use. In contrast, this research suggests a
more complex relationship between experience and online banking. Experience is
found to have a negative effect on online banking use through its impact on the
perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of online banking.
While counterintuitive, these finding are hypothesized to reflect the fact that
greater intensity of use diminishes PEOU because as an individual gains
experience with more complex and sophisticated applications in the bank web
site, the user becomes increasingly aware of the difficulty of making the most
of that technology. It is further hypothesized that greater frequency of use
diminishes the PU of a web site because the perception of usefulness of a web
site depends on marginal utility, not total utility.


UNITED STATES/GHANA: Action Speaks Louder than Words - Understanding Cyber
Criminal Behavior Using Criminological Theories
(By Friday Wada, Olumide Longe and Paul Danquah)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Wada%20&%20Longe%20&%20Paul%20acce\
ptedv02.pdf

A number of criminological and social theories have been postulated to explain
criminal activities and the behavior of conventional criminals. However,
empirical research to validate these theories in the context of cyber activities
and the application of these theories to cybercrime are still very sparse in
literature. With increasing use and migration of products and service such as
banking, commerce and other financial services to internet platforms, research
is warranted that examines the application of these theories to addressing the
problem of cyber criminality. In this discourse, our attention is directed
towards appraising these theories and applying them to provide some explanation
for online criminal behavior.


ZIMBABWE: E-Commerce Usage in the Pharmaceutical Sector of Zimbabwe
(By Ngonidzashe Zanamwe, Mazvite Bere, Claude Zungara, Simbisanai Ashleigh
Nyamakura and Beatrice Muchangani)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/zanamwe%20acceptedv02.pdf

This research explored the use of e-commerce in the pharmaceutical sector of
Zimbabwe. More specifically, it looked at e-commerce technologies being used in
the sector, uses of e-commerce technologies, usage level of e-commerce
technologies, benefits and barriers of e-commerce usage. The study followed an
exploratory research design wherein a questionnaire was used as the main
research tool. Data was gathered from 33 pharmaceutical companies and analysed
using SPSS. It was found out that slightly more than 50 percent of
pharmaceutical companies had websites. Also, most popular uses of e-commerce
technologies were e-mailing, generation of direct sales, provision of customer
service and support, price comparison, purchasing and ordering and internal
communications. In addition, the World Wide Web and instant messaging emerged as
the most widely used technologies in the sector. The benefits of e- commerce
usage identified include provision of high quality information needed for
business operations, increasing interdepartmental and inter-organisational
coordination which leads to increased productivity. Lastly, the cost of
e-commerce technology equipment, absence of a company's website, complexity of
e-commerce technologies and privacy related issues came out as the strongest
e-commerce usage barriers in the sector.

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=====================
Opinion Articles
=====================

CZECH REPUBLIC: Proposal for Establishing an Environment, Social and Governance
(ESG) Groundwork: Creating a Closed System Within the Mircofinance Sector
(By Tomas Hes, Karel Srnec, Martina Drasarova and Alena Neradova)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/TomasHesv03.pdf

The current microfinance industry is unprepared for Social Responsible
Investment1, which it inevitably starts to attract on its course towards the
status of mainstream asset class. Derived from unsolved inner philosophical
tension, the gap between differently used concepts in the sector is widening,
while identical terms indicate different contents. Microfinance is becoming too
varied to be presented under few single terms with discrepant meanings.
Development of the microfinance industry, predominantly a phenomenon of local
markets, thus does not keep up its local pace with its increasing reliance on
international capital markets, with their globally coherent corporate
expectations. The lack of clear definitions and transparency of the sector can
discredit microfinance, once SRI systems open their gates. MIVs2, States,
corporate investors and multilateral institutions must therefore in a concerted
action impose basis of standards coordinates, otherwise differently perceived
concepts might mislead the global public. Therefore, formation of a closed
system, ruled by Global Microfinance Authority using own currency unit and
complemented with an ombudsman, comparable to United Nations in world of
politics yet applied in microfinance market and financed by the contributing
players, could impose globally understandable structure in local chaotic
environment.


MALAYSIA: Problems of Waqf Administration and Proposals for Improvement: A Study
in Malaysia
(by Md. Shahedur Rahaman Chowdhury, Iftekhar Amin Chowdhury, Mohd Zulkifli
Muhammad and Modh. Rushdan Yasoa)
http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/2012-04/Shahedur%20Chowdhuryv02.pdf

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of the existing Waqf
administration in Malaysia. This paper first describes the problems of Waqf
administration in Malaysia and then suggests proposals for improvement. Waqf
administration requires new innovative avenues. It also needs to develop a
hybrid viable model for generating more benefits for all involving parties of
the society with sustainability characteristics. It is recognized that there is
no ample study in the area of Waqf. Further, literature is very scanty relating
to the Waqf administration. The exiting studies identify various facets of the
Waqf and its administration issue to explore different aspects of theoretical
dimensions and practices.


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=====================
Administrative Notice
=====================

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce

The goal of this peer-reviewed academic publication is to advance the science
and practice of Internet banking and electronic commerce. JIBC informs
academics, executives and professionals on principal developments,
profit-oriented and sustainable business architecture, benchmarked practices,
compliance, risk and accountability, and the emerging trends in the
Internet-based business, management and marketing of governments and industry.
Our free online interactive journal is a way to provide critical perspectives,
distribute results, share information, establish research and business contacts
(networking), and keep in touch.

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is primarily devoted to original
articles describing theory and practice, guest columns, important announcements,
as well as surveys, reviews, and letters to the editor that advance the field of
electronic commerce. We will try to keep away from technology discussions and
leave them to other specialized publications.

Join our Journal and learn about the trends in electronic commerce. We promise
not to get too "techie." Not too many fights but lots of good discussion. We
need your articles, your substantive research results, emails, contributions and
discussions. You can email us directly or use the Questionnaire that we keep on
the JIBC Web site.

We have a global readership of leading academics, professionals and decision
makers. We include links to email and Web addresses of each author. An email
edition with executive summaries of the articles goes out about every 3-4
months. The email version has many subscribers, about half outside the North
America.

Our Journal definitely focuses on quality, not quantity. We are editing to
provide our busy readers with only substantial information. We do this by
selecting key items to include into the email portion of the Journal. Larger
articles and columns, as well as background information, are placed on our Web
site (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/), with the appropriate notification
in the email part. JIBC is listed in world leading academic reference
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Subscriptions to JIBC and access to the Web repository are free. Follow the
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If you would like to submit an article, please have a look at JIBC Submission
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(http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/guides.htm)
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(http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/guides.htm#JIBCSubmissionTemplate).

The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) is provided as a service
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ICEP20YYT (International Conference on eCommerce, ePayments and New
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published to date.

You can reach the Editor-in-Chief Nikhil Agarwal with any questions or
comments by email at:
nikhil.jibc (at) gmail.com

Publisher Nahum Goldmann is at:
Nahum.Goldmann (at) ARRAYdev.com


=================================
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=================================

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and academic reference publications. In particular, JIBC is well represented
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=================================
Editorial Board
=================================

Publisher and Member of the Editorial Board: Nahum Goldmann

Editor-in-Chief: Nikhil Agarwal

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Joshua Fogel

Founding Chief Editor Emeritus and Member of the Editorial Board:
Gord Jenkins

Managing Editor: Xin "Robert" Luo

Assistant Managing Editor: Francis Chlarie

Mailing List Managing Editor: Anne-Marie Jennings

Contributing Editors
Middle East Contributing Editor: Raed Awamleh
South America Contributing Editor: Carlo G. P. Bellini
UK Contributing Editor: David G.W. Birch
China Contributing Editor: Dongyu Chen
Canada Contributing Editor: Arthur J. Cordell
Japan Contributing Editor: Carin Holroyd
Legal Contributing Editor: Edwin Jacobs
Korea Contributing Editor: Hyung Seok Lee
Africa Contributing Editor: Alemayehu Molla
Australia Contributing Editor: Dale Pinto
France Contributing Editor: Jean-Michel Sahut
Malaysia Contributing Editor: Bala Shanmugam
India Contributing Editor: Arun Mohan Sherry
China Contributing Editor: Yong Sun

Please send any questions related to maintenance of this Web site to:
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