I downloaded SUMO.owl.txt and ran
owl2mkr SUMO.owl.txt SUMO.mkr.txt
result is attached.
I'll be using mKE to explore the SUMO hierarchy.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

AbnormalAnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
AbnormalAnatomicalStructure iss AnatomicalStructure;
AbnormalAnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <Any AnatomicalStructure which
is not normally found in the Organism of which it is a part i.e. it is the
result of a PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors birth marks goiters
etc.>;
Abstract ismem ClassSet;
Abstract iss Entity;
Abstract has rdfs:comment += <Properties or qualities as distinguished from any
particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium.
Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical
objects such as sets and relations but they cannot exist at a particular place
and time without some physical encoding or embodiment.>;
Adjective ismem ClassSet;
Adjective iss Word;
Adjective has rdfs:comment += <One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words
that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects.>;
Adverb ismem ClassSet;
Adverb iss Word;
Adverb has rdfs:comment += <One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that
conventionally denote Attributes of Processes.>;
AgeGroup ismem ClassSet;
AgeGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
AgeGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members all have the same
age.>;
Agent ismem ClassSet;
Agent iss Object;
Agent has rdfs:comment += <Something or someone that can act on its own and
produce changes in the world.>;
Air ismem ClassSet;
Air iss GasMixture;
Air has rdfs:comment += <Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the atmosphere
surrounding Earth.>;
AlethicAttribute ismem ClassSet;
AlethicAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
AlethicAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing all of the Attributes
relating to the notions of possibility and necessity.>;
Alga ismem ClassSet;
Alga iss NonFloweringPlant;
Alga has rdfs:comment += <A chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll but
does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue.>;
Ambulating ismem ClassSet;
Ambulating iss BodyMotion;
Ambulating iss Translocation;
Ambulating has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyMotion which is accomplished by means of
the legs of an Animal for the purpose of moving from one point to another.>;
Amphibian ismem ClassSet;
Amphibian iss ColdBloodedVertebrate;
Amphibian has rdfs:comment += <A cold-blooded smooth-skinned Vertebrate which
characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva breathing by gills. When mature
the Amphibian breathes with Lungs.>;
AnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
AnatomicalStructure iss OrganicObject;
AnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <A normal or pathological part of the
anatomy or structural organization of an Organism. This class covers BodyParts
as well as structures that are given off by Organisms e.g. ReproductiveBodies.>;
AngleMeasure ismem ClassSet;
AngleMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
AngleMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The value of an angle in a plane or in a
solid.>;
AngularDegree ismem ClassSet;
AngularDegree iss PlaneAngleMeasure;
AngularDegree isu UnitOfMeasure;
AngularDegree has rdfs:comment += <A plane angle measure.>;
AnimacyAttribute ismem ClassSet;
AnimacyAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
AnimacyAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate whether an
Organism is alive or not.>;
Animal ismem ClassSet;
Animal iss Organism;
Animal has rdfs:comment += <An Organism with eukaryotic Cells and lacking stiff
cell walls plastids and photosynthetic pigments.>;
AnimalAnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
AnimalAnatomicalStructure iss AnatomicalStructure;
AnimalAnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <AnatomicalStructures that are
possessed exclusively by Animals.>;
AnimalLanguage ismem ClassSet;
AnimalLanguage iss Language;
AnimalLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Languages used by Animals
other than Humans.>;
AnimalSubstance ismem ClassSet;
AnimalSubstance iss BodySubstance;
AnimalSubstance has rdfs:comment += <BodySubstances that are produced
exclusively by Animals.>;
AntisymmetricRelation ismem ClassSet;
AntisymmetricRelation iss BinaryRelation;
AntisymmetricRelation has rdfs:comment += <BinaryRelation ?REL is an
AntisymmetricRelation if for distinct ?INST1 and ?INST2 ( ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2 )
implies not (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) . In other words for all ?INST1 and ?INST2
(?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) imply that ?INST1 and ?INST2 are
identical. Note that it is possible for an AntisymmetricRelation to be a
ReflexiveRelation.>;
Ape ismem ClassSet;
Ape iss Primate;
Ape has rdfs:comment += <Various Primates with no tails or only short tails.>;
April ismem ClassSet;
April iss Month;
April has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are April.>;
AquaticMammal ismem ClassSet;
AquaticMammal iss Mammal;
AquaticMammal has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals that dwell chiefly in
the water. Includes whales dolphins manatees seals and walruses.>;
Arachnid ismem ClassSet;
Arachnid iss Arthropod;
Arachnid has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Arthropods that includes ticks and
spiders.>;
AreaMeasure ismem ClassSet;
AreaMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
AreaMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Measures of the amount of space in two
dimensions.>;
Argument ismem ClassSet;
Argument iss Proposition;
Argument has rdfs:comment += <Any proposition which has the form of a deductive
or inductive argument i.e. a set of premises which it is claimed imply a
conclusion.>;
ArtWork ismem ClassSet;
ArtWork iss Artifact;
ArtWork has rdfs:comment += <Artifacts that are created primarily for aesthetic
appreciation. Note that this Class does not include most examples of
architecture which belong under StationaryArtifact.>;
Arthropod ismem ClassSet;
Arthropod iss Invertebrate;
Arthropod has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Invertebrate that includes Arachnids
and Insects.>;
Article ismem ClassSet;
Article iss Text;
Article has disjoint += Book;
Article has rdfs:comment += <A relatively short Text that either is unbound or
is bound with other Articles in a Book.>;
Artifact ismem ClassSet;
Artifact iss CorpuscularObject;
Artifact has rdfs:comment += <A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a
Making.>;
ArtificialLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ArtificialLanguage iss Language;
ArtificialLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Languages that are
designed by Humans.>;
AsexualReproduction ismem ClassSet;
AsexualReproduction iss Replication;
AsexualReproduction has rdfs:comment += <Asexual Processes of biological
reproduction.>;
AssociativeFunction ismem ClassSet;
AssociativeFunction iss BinaryFunction;
AssociativeFunction has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryFunction is associative if
bracketing has no effect on the value returned by the Function. More precisely a
Function ?FUNCTION is associative just in case (?FUNCTION ?INST1 (?FUNCTION
?INST2 ?INST3) ) is equal to (?FUNCTION (?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) ?INST3 ) for
all ?INST1 ?INST2 and ?INST3.>;
AstronomicalBody ismem ClassSet;
AstronomicalBody iss Region;
AstronomicalBody has disjoint += GeographicArea;
AstronomicalBody has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all astronomical objects of
significant size. It includes SelfConnectedObjects like planets stars and
asteroids as well as Collections like nebulae galaxies and constellations. Note
that the planet Earth is an AstronomicalBody but every Region of Earth is a
GeographicArea.>;
AsymmetricRelation ismem ClassSet;
AsymmetricRelation iss IrreflexiveRelation;
AsymmetricRelation iss AntisymmetricRelation;
AsymmetricRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is asymmetric only if
it is both an AntisymmetricRelation and an IrreflexiveRelation.>;
Atom ismem ClassSet;
Atom iss ElementalSubstance;
Atom has rdfs:comment += <An extremely small unit of matter that retains its
identity in Chemical reactions. It consists of an AtomicNucleus and Electrons
surrounding the AtomicNucleus.>;
AtomicNucleus ismem ClassSet;
AtomicNucleus iss SubatomicParticle;
AtomicNucleus has rdfs:comment += <The core of the Atom. It is composed of
Protons and Neutrons.>;
Attaching ismem ClassSet;
Attaching iss DualObjectProcess;
Attaching has disjoint += Detaching;
Attaching has relatedInternalConcept += Putting;
Attaching has rdfs:comment += <A Process where one Object becomes attached to
another Object. Note that this differs from Putting in that two things which are
attached may already be in the same location. Note that Combining is different
from Attaching in that the former applies to Substances while the latter applies
to CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Attaching is different from Putting in that
one or both of the two things which are attached may or may not be moved from
the location where they were combined.>;
AttachingDevice ismem ClassSet;
AttachingDevice iss Device;
AttachingDevice has rdfs:comment += <A Device whose purpose is to attach one
thing to something else e.g. nails screws buttons etc.>;
Attack ismem ClassSet;
Attack iss Maneuver;
Attack has rdfs:comment += <A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the agent
attempts to inflict damage on the patient.>;
Attribute ismem ClassSet;
Attribute iss Abstract;
Attribute has rdfs:comment += <Qualities which we cannot or choose not to reify
into subclasses of Object.>;
August ismem ClassSet;
August iss Month;
August has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are August.>;
AutonomicProcess ismem ClassSet;
AutonomicProcess iss PhysiologicProcess;
AutonomicProcess has disjoint += IntentionalProcess;
AutonomicProcess has rdfs:comment += <The class of PhysiologicProcesses of which
there is not conscious awareness and control.>;
Bacterium ismem ClassSet;
Bacterium iss Microorganism;
Bacterium has rdfs:comment += <A small typically one-celled prokaryotic
Microorganism.>;
Battle ismem ClassSet;
Battle iss ViolentContest;
Battle has rdfs:comment += <A ViolentContest between two or more military units
within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the metaphorical
sense of 'battle' which simply means a struggle of some sort. This sense should
be represented with the more general concept of Contest.>;
BeliefGroup ismem ClassSet;
BeliefGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
BeliefGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief or
set of beliefs.>;
Betting ismem ClassSet;
Betting iss FinancialTransaction;
Betting has rdfs:comment += <A FinancialTransaction where an instance of
CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for the possibility of winning a larger instance of
CurrencyMeasure within the context of some sort of Game.>;
Beverage ismem ClassSet;
Beverage iss Food;
Beverage has rdfs:comment += <Any Food that is ingested by Drinking. Note that
this class is disjoint with the other subclasses of Food i.e. Meat and
FruitOrVegetable.>;
BinaryFunction ismem ClassSet;
BinaryFunction iss Function;
BinaryFunction iss TernaryRelation;
BinaryFunction isu InheritableRelation;
BinaryFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Functions that require two
arguments.>;
BinaryNumber ismem ClassSet;
BinaryNumber iss RealNumber;
BinaryNumber has rdfs:comment += <Elements from the number system with base 2.
Every BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0.>;
BinaryPredicate ismem ClassSet;
BinaryPredicate iss Predicate;
BinaryPredicate iss BinaryRelation;
BinaryPredicate isu InheritableRelation;
BinaryPredicate has rdfs:comment += <A Predicate relating two items - its
valence is two.>;
BinaryRelation ismem ClassSet;
BinaryRelation iss Relation;
BinaryRelation isu InheritableRelation;
BinaryRelation has rdfs:comment += <BinaryRelations are relations that are true
only of pairs of things. BinaryRelations are represented as slots in frame
systems.>;
BiologicalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
BiologicalAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
BiologicalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that apply specifically to
instances of Organism.>;
BiologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
BiologicalProcess iss InternalChange;
BiologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A Process embodied in an Organism.>;
BiologicallyActiveSubstance ismem ClassSet;
BiologicallyActiveSubstance iss Substance;
BiologicallyActiveSubstance has rdfs:comment += <A Substance that is capable of
inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an Organism. This Class
includes Substances used in the treatment diagnosis prevention or analysis of
normal and abnormal body function. This Class also includes Substances that
occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. Finally
BiologicallyActiveSubstance includes Nutrients most drugs of abuse and agents
that require special handling because of their toxicity.>;
Bird ismem ClassSet;
Bird iss WarmBloodedVertebrate;
Bird has disjoint += Mammal;
Bird has rdfs:comment += <A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and
characterized by the presence of feathers.>;
Birth ismem ClassSet;
Birth iss OrganismProcess;
Birth has rdfs:comment += <The Process of being born.>;
Bit ismem ClassSet;
Bit iss InformationMeasure;
Bit isu UnitOfMeasure;
Bit has rdfs:comment += <One Bit of information. A one or a zero.>;
Blood ismem ClassSet;
Blood iss BodySubstance;
Blood has rdfs:comment += <A fluid present in Animals that transports Nutrients
to and waste products away from various BodyParts.>;
BodyCavity ismem ClassSet;
BodyCavity iss BodyPart;
BodyCavity has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyPart which contains an unfilled space
e.g. BodyVessels the atria and ventricles of the heart the lungs etc.>;
BodyCovering ismem ClassSet;
BodyCovering iss BodyPart;
BodyCovering has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyPart which is a covering of another
BodyPart or of an entire Organism. This would include the rinds of
FruitOrVegetables and the skins of Animals.>;
BodyJunction ismem ClassSet;
BodyJunction iss BodyPart;
BodyJunction has rdfs:comment += <The place where two BodyParts meet or
connect.>;
BodyMotion ismem ClassSet;
BodyMotion iss Motion;
BodyMotion has rdfs:comment += <Any Motion where the agent is an Organism and
the patient is a BodyPart.>;
BodyPart ismem ClassSet;
BodyPart iss AnatomicalStructure;
BodyPart has rdfs:comment += <A collection of Cells and Tissues which are
localized to a specific area of an Organism and which are not pathological. The
instances of this Class range from gross structures to small components of
complex Organs.>;
BodyPosition ismem ClassSet;
BodyPosition iss BiologicalAttribute;
BodyPosition has rdfs:comment += <The class of Attributes expressing
configurations of bodies or parts of bodies of animals or humans e.g. standing
sitting kneeling lying down etc.>;
BodySubstance ismem ClassSet;
BodySubstance iss Mixture;
BodySubstance has rdfs:comment += <Extracellular material and mixtures of cells
and extracellular material that are produced excreted or accreted by an
Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva dental enamel sweat and
gastric acid.>;
BodyVessel ismem ClassSet;
BodyVessel iss BodyCavity;
BodyVessel has rdfs:comment += <Any tube-like structure which occurs naturally
in an Organism and through which a BodySubstance can circulate.>;
Boiling ismem ClassSet;
Boiling iss StateChange;
Boiling has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is heated
and converted from a Liquid to a Gas.>;
Bone ismem ClassSet;
Bone iss Tissue;
Bone iss AnimalSubstance;
Bone has rdfs:comment += <Rigid Tissue composed largely of calcium that makes up
the skeleton of Vertebrates. Note that this Class also includes teeth.>;
Book ismem ClassSet;
Book iss Text;
Book has rdfs:comment += <A Text that has pages and is bound.>;
Borrowing ismem ClassSet;
Borrowing iss Getting;
Borrowing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Getting Processes where the agent
gets something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be
returned later (perhaps with interest) .>;
Breathing ismem ClassSet;
Breathing iss OrganismProcess;
Breathing iss AutonomicProcess;
Breathing has rdfs:comment += <The Process of respiration by which oxygen is
made available to an Animal. This covers processes of inhalation exhalation and
alternations between the two.>;
BritishThermalUnit ismem ClassSet;
BritishThermalUnit iss FunctionQuantity;
BritishThermalUnit isu UnitOfMeasure;
BritishThermalUnit has rdfs:comment += <An energy measure.>;
Building ismem ClassSet;
Building iss StationaryArtifact;
Building has rdfs:comment += <The Class of StationaryArtifacts which are
intended to house Humans and their activities.>;
Buying ismem ClassSet;
Buying iss FinancialTransaction;
Buying has relatedInternalConcept += Selling;
Buying has rdfs:comment += <A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of
CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for an instance of Physical.>;
Byte ismem ClassSet;
Byte iss InformationMeasure;
Byte isu UnitOfMeasure;
Byte has rdfs:comment += <One Byte of information. A Byte is eight Bits.>;
Calculating ismem ClassSet;
Calculating iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Calculating has rdfs:comment += <IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve
the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity.>;
Calorie ismem ClassSet;
Calorie iss FunctionQuantity;
Calorie isu UnitOfMeasure;
Calorie has rdfs:comment += <A Calorie is an energy measure.>;
Canine ismem ClassSet;
Canine iss Carnivore;
Canine has disjoint += Feline;
Canine has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Carnivores with completely separable
toes nonretractable claws and long muzzles.>;
Carbohydrate ismem ClassSet;
Carbohydrate iss Nutrient;
Carbohydrate has rdfs:comment += <An element of living cells and a source of
energy for Animals. This class includes both simple Carbohydrates i.e. sugars
and complex Carbohydrates i.e. starches.>;
Carnivore ismem ClassSet;
Carnivore iss Mammal;
Carnivore has rdfs:comment += <The Class of flesh-eating Mammals. Members of
this Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes cats dogs
bears racoons and skunks.>;
Carrying ismem ClassSet;
Carrying iss Transfer;
Carrying has rdfs:comment += <Transfer from one point to another by means of an
Animal or Human.>;
CaseRole ismem ClassSet;
CaseRole iss BinaryPredicate;
CaseRole isu InheritableRelation;
CaseRole iss AsymmetricRelation;
CaseRole has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Predicates relating the spatially
distinguished parts of a Process. CaseRoles include for example the agent
patient or destination of an action the flammable substance in a burning process
or the water that falls in rain.>;
Cell ismem ClassSet;
Cell iss BodyPart;
Cell has rdfs:comment += <The fundamental structural and functional unit of
living Organisms.>;
CelsiusDegree ismem ClassSet;
CelsiusDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
CelsiusDegree isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
CelsiusDegree has rdfs:comment += <A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point and
the boiling point of water are respectively 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100
CelsiusDegrees.>;
Centimeter ismem ClassSet;
Centimeter iss LengthMeasure;
Centimeter isu UnitOfMeasure;
Centimeter has rdfs:comment += <Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: cm. It is the
100th part of a Meter>;
Certificate ismem ClassSet;
Certificate iss Text;
Certificate has rdfs:comment += <A Text that confers a right or obligation on
the holder of the Certificate. Note that the right or obligation need not be a
legal one as in the case of an academic diploma that grants certain privileges
in the professional world.>;
ChangeOfPossession ismem ClassSet;
ChangeOfPossession iss SocialInteraction;
ChangeOfPossession has relatedInternalConcept += possesses;
ChangeOfPossession has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where ownership
of something is transferred from one Agent to another.>;
Character ismem ClassSet;
Character iss SymbolicString;
Character has rdfs:comment += <An element of an alphabet a set of numerals etc.
Note that a Character may or may not be part of a Language. Character is a
subclass of SymbolicString because every instance of Character is an
alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element.>;
ChemicalDecomposition ismem ClassSet;
ChemicalDecomposition iss ChemicalProcess;
ChemicalDecomposition iss Separating;
ChemicalDecomposition has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ChemicalProcesses in
which a CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.>;
ChemicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
ChemicalProcess iss InternalChange;
ChemicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A ChemicalProcess occurs whenever chemical
compounds (CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. For example reactants
disappear as chemical change occurs and products appear as chemical change
occurs. In a chemical change a chemical reaction takes place. Catalysts in a
ChemicalProcess may speed up the reaction but aren ' t themselves produced or
consumed. Examples: rusting of iron and the decomposition of water induced by an
electric current to gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen.>;
ChemicalSynthesis ismem ClassSet;
ChemicalSynthesis iss ChemicalProcess;
ChemicalSynthesis iss Combining;
ChemicalSynthesis has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which a
CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants.>;
City ismem ClassSet;
City iss GeopoliticalArea;
City iss LandArea;
City has rdfs:comment += <A LandArea of relatively small size inhabited by a
community of people and having some sort of political structure. Note that this
class includes both large cities and small settlements like towns villages
hamlets etc.>;
Class ismem ClassSet;
Class iss SetOrClass;
Class has rdfs:comment += <Classes differ from Sets in three important respects.
First Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is distinct Classes might
well have exactly the same instances. Second Classes typically have an
associated `condition ' that determines the instances of the Class. So for
example the condition `human ' determines the Class of Humans. Note that some
Classes might satisfy their own condition ( e.g. the Class of Abstract things is
Abstract ) and hence be instances of themselves. Third the instances of a class
may occur only once within the class i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate
instances.>;
Classifying ismem ClassSet;
Classifying iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Classifying has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve attaching a name or category to a thing or set of things. Note
that Classifying is distinguished from Learning by the fact that the latter
covers the acquisition by a CognitiveAgent of any Proposition while the former
involves the assignment of a label or category.>;
ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure iss TwoDimensionalFigure;
ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <Any TwoDimensionalFigure which
has a well defined interior and exterior.>;
Clothing ismem ClassSet;
Clothing iss Artifact;
Clothing has disjoint += StationaryArtifact;
Clothing has rdfs:comment += <Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other
materials that are used to cover the bodies of Humans.>;
Cloud ismem ClassSet;
Cloud iss GasMixture;
Cloud has rdfs:comment += <Any GasMixture that is visible e.g. Smoke produced by
a fire or clouds of water vapor in the sky.>;
CognitiveAgent ismem ClassSet;
CognitiveAgent iss SentientAgent;
CognitiveAgent has rdfs:comment += <A SentientAgent with responsibilities and
the ability to reason deliberate make plans etc. This is essentially the
legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that although Human is a subclass of
CognitiveAgent there may be instances of CognitiveAgent which are not also
instances of Human. For example chimpanzees gorillas dolphins whales and some
extraterrestrials (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents.>;
ColdBloodedVertebrate ismem ClassSet;
ColdBloodedVertebrate iss Vertebrate;
ColdBloodedVertebrate has rdfs:comment += <Vertebrates whose body temperature is
not internally regulated.>;
Collection ismem ClassSet;
Collection iss Object;
Collection has disjoint += SelfConnectedObject;
Collection has rdfs:comment += <Collections have members like Classes but unlike
Classes they have a position in space-time and members can be added and
subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some
examples are toolkits football teams and flocks of sheep.>;
ColorAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ColorAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
ColorAttribute has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Attributes relating to the
color of Objects.>;
Coloring ismem ClassSet;
Coloring iss SurfaceChange;
Coloring has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of SurfaceChange where a
ColorAttribute of the patient is altered.>;
Combining ismem ClassSet;
Combining iss DualObjectProcess;
Combining has rdfs:comment += <A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects
are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining is
different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects being
part of the other while Attaching only results in the two objects being
connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different from Putting in
that one or both of the two things which are combined may or may not be moved
from the location where they were combined.>;
Combustion ismem ClassSet;
Combustion iss ChemicalDecomposition;
Combustion has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which an
Object reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all Processes in
which something is burning.>;
CommercialAgent ismem ClassSet;
CommercialAgent iss Agent;
CommercialAgent has rdfs:comment += <An Agent that provides products and/or
services for a fee with the aim of making a profit.>;
CommercialService ismem ClassSet;
CommercialService iss FinancialTransaction;
CommercialService has rdfs:comment += <Any FinancialTransaction by a
CommercialAgent where the aim is to produce a profit.>;
Committing ismem ClassSet;
Committing iss LinguisticCommunication;
Committing has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class commit the agent to some
future course. For example Bob promised Susan that he would be home by 11pm.>;
Communication ismem ClassSet;
Communication iss SocialInteraction;
Communication has relatedInternalConcept += ContentDevelopment;
Communication has rdfs:comment += <A SocialInteraction that involves the
transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. Note that
Communication is closely related to but essentially different from
ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation or modification of a
ContentBearingObject while Communication is the transfer of information for the
purpose of conveying a message.>;
CommutativeFunction ismem ClassSet;
CommutativeFunction iss BinaryFunction;
CommutativeFunction has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryFunction is commutative if the
ordering of the arguments of the function has no effect on the value returned by
the function. More precisely a function ?FUNCTION is commutative just in case
(?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) is equal to ( ?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST1 ) for all ?INST1
and ?INST2.>;
Comparing ismem ClassSet;
Comparing iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Comparing iss DualObjectProcess;
Comparing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve comparing relating contrasting etc. the properties of two or more
Entities.>;
ComplexNumber ismem ClassSet;
ComplexNumber iss Number;
ComplexNumber has disjoint += RealNumber;
ComplexNumber has rdfs:comment += <A Number that has the form: x + yi where x
and y are RealNumbers and i is the square root of -1.>;
CompoundSubstance ismem ClassSet;
CompoundSubstance iss PureSubstance;
CompoundSubstance has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Substances that contain two
or more elements (ElementalSubstances) in definite proportion by weight. The
composition of a pure compound will be invariant regardless of the method of
preparation. Compounds are composed of more than one kind of atom (element) .
The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still
retains all of the properties of the compound. Examples: Table salt ( sodium
chloride NaCl ) sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}) and water (H_2O) .>;
ComputerLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ComputerLanguage iss ArtificialLanguage;
ComputerLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The class of Languages designed for and
interpreted by a computer.>;
ComputerProgram ismem ClassSet;
ComputerProgram iss Procedure;
ComputerProgram has rdfs:comment += <A set of instructions in a computer
programming language that can be executed by a computer.>;
Condensing ismem ClassSet;
Condensing iss StateChange;
Condensing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is cooled
and converted from a Gas to a Liquid.>;
Confining ismem ClassSet;
Confining iss Keeping;
Confining has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Keeping Processes where the patient
is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers caging
imprisonment jailing etc.>;
ConsciousnessAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ConsciousnessAttribute iss StateOfMind;
ConsciousnessAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate whether an
Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of an
Organism.>;
ConstantQuantity ismem ClassSet;
ConstantQuantity iss PhysicalQuantity;
ConstantQuantity has rdfs:comment += <A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity
which has a constant value e.g. 3 meters and 5 hours. The magnitude (see
MagnitudeFn) of every ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantities are
distinguished from FunctionQuantities which map ConstantQuantities to other
ConstantQuantities. All ConstantQuantites are expressed with the BinaryFunction
MeasureFn which takes a Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example 3
Meters can be expressed as ( MeasureFn 3 Meter ) . ConstantQuantities form a
partial order ( see PartialOrderingRelation ) with the lessThan relation since
lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is defined over the
RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a total order ( see
TotalOrderingRelation ) over the class ConstantQuantity since elements of some
subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to
elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities) .>;
ConstructedLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ConstructedLanguage iss HumanLanguage;
ConstructedLanguage iss ArtificialLanguage;
ConstructedLanguage has rdfs:comment += <An ConstructedLanguage is a
HumanLanguage that did not evolve spontaneously within a language community but
rather had its core grammar and vocabulary invented by one or more language
experts often with an aim to produce a more grammatically regular language than
any language that has evolved naturally. This Class includes languages like
Esperanto that were created to facilitate international communication>;
Constructing ismem ClassSet;
Constructing iss Making;
Constructing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Making in which a
StationaryArtifact is built.>;
ContentBearingObject ismem ClassSet;
ContentBearingObject iss CorpuscularObject;
ContentBearingObject has relatedInternalConcept += containsInformation;
ContentBearingObject has rdfs:comment += <Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses
content. This content may be a Proposition e.g. when the ContentBearingObject is
a Sentence or Text or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical
object as with an Icon a Word or a Phrase.>;
ContentDevelopment ismem ClassSet;
ContentDevelopment iss IntentionalProcess;
ContentDevelopment has rdfs:comment += <A subclass of IntentionalProcess in
which content is modified its form is altered or it is created anew.>;
Contest ismem ClassSet;
Contest iss SocialInteraction;
Contest has rdfs:comment += <A SocialInteraction where the agent and patient are
CognitiveAgents who are trying to defeat one another. Note that this concept is
often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural language when we speak e.g. of
the struggle of plants for space or sunlight or of bacteria for food resources
in some environment.>;
ContestAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ContestAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
ContestAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing Attributes that are
specific to participants in a Contest. In particular these Attributes indicate
the position of one of the agents in the Contest with respect to other agent (s)
in the Contest. Some examples of these Attributes are winning losing won lost
etc.>;
Continent ismem ClassSet;
Continent iss LandArea;
Continent has rdfs:comment += <One of the seven largest land masses on earth
viz. Africa North America South America Antarctica Europe Asia and Oceania. Note
that this naming scheme is the one used in the CIA World Factbook.>;
ContinuousFunction ismem ClassSet;
ContinuousFunction iss Function;
ContinuousFunction has rdfs:comment += <Functions which are continuous. This
concept is taken as primitive until representations for limits are devised.>;
Cooking ismem ClassSet;
Cooking iss Making;
Cooking has rdfs:comment += <The Making of an instance of Food. Note that this
can cover any preparation of Food e.g. making a salad cutting up fruit etc. It
does not necessarily involve the application of heat.>;
Cooling ismem ClassSet;
Cooling iss Decreasing;
Cooling has rdfs:comment += <Any Decreasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity
decreased is a TemperatureMeasure.>;
Cooperation ismem ClassSet;
Cooperation iss SocialInteraction;
Cooperation has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of SocialInteraction where the
participants involved work together for the achievement of a common goal.>;
Corporation ismem ClassSet;
Corporation iss CommercialAgent;
Corporation iss Organization;
Corporation has rdfs:comment += <An Organization that has a special legal status
that allows a group of persons to act as a CommercialAgent and that insulates
the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the
corporation ' s operation.>;
CorpuscularObject ismem ClassSet;
CorpuscularObject iss SelfConnectedObject;
CorpuscularObject has disjoint += Substance;
CorpuscularObject has rdfs:comment += <A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have
properties that are not shared by the whole.>;
Counting ismem ClassSet;
Counting iss Calculating;
Counting has rdfs:comment += <Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating
Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the
patient.>;
Covering ismem ClassSet;
Covering iss Putting;
Covering has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Putting processes where the agent
covers the patient either completely or only partially with something else.>;
Creation ismem ClassSet;
Creation iss InternalChange;
Creation has relatedInternalConcept += Destruction;
Creation has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Process in which something is
created. Note that the thing created is specified with the result CaseRole.>;
Crustacean ismem ClassSet;
Crustacean iss Arthropod;
Crustacean has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Arthropods that mainly dwells in
water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes lobsters
crabs shrimp and barnacles.>;
Cup ismem ClassSet;
Cup iss VolumeMeasure;
Cup isu UnitOfMeasure;
Cup has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Pint.>;
Currency ismem ClassSet;
Currency iss FinancialInstrument;
Currency has rdfs:comment += <Any element of the official currrency of some
Nation. This covers both CurrencyBills and CurrencyCoins.>;
CurrencyBill ismem ClassSet;
CurrencyBill iss Currency;
CurrencyBill has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Currency that is made of
paper.>;
CurrencyCoin ismem ClassSet;
CurrencyCoin iss Currency;
CurrencyCoin has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Currency that is made of
Metal.>;
CurrencyMeasure ismem ClassSet;
CurrencyMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
CurrencyMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Includes all standard measures of monetary
value including UnitedStatesDollar UnitedStatesCent Lire Yen etc.>;
Cutting ismem ClassSet;
Cutting iss Poking;
Cutting has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Poking Processes which involve a
sharp instrument.>;
Damaging ismem ClassSet;
Damaging iss InternalChange;
Damaging has disjoint += Repairing;
Damaging has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent brings
about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally or as
intended.>;
Day ismem ClassSet;
Day iss TimeInterval;
Day has relatedInternalConcept += DayFn;
Day has relatedInternalConcept += DayDuration;
Day has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Days.>;
DayDuration ismem ClassSet;
DayDuration iss TimeDuration;
DayDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
DayDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours.>;
Death ismem ClassSet;
Death iss OrganismProcess;
Death has rdfs:comment += <The Process of dying.>;
December ismem ClassSet;
December iss Month;
December has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are December.>;
Deciding ismem ClassSet;
Deciding iss Selecting;
Deciding has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts for
one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities that are open to
him/her.>;
Declaring ismem ClassSet;
Declaring iss LinguisticCommunication;
Declaring has rdfs:comment += <The Class of LinguisticCommunications that effect
an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. Some examples
are nominating marrying and excommunicating.>;
Decoding ismem ClassSet;
Decoding iss Writing;
Decoding has disjoint += Encoding;
Decoding has rdfs:comment += <Converting a document or message that has
previously been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by
a relatively large number of speakers.>;
Decreasing ismem ClassSet;
Decreasing iss QuantityChange;
Decreasing has relatedInternalConcept += Removing;
Decreasing has rdfs:comment += <Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity is
decreased.>;
DeductiveArgument ismem ClassSet;
DeductiveArgument iss Argument;
DeductiveArgument has rdfs:comment += <An Argument which has the form of a
deduction i.e. it is claimed that the set of premises entails the conclusion.>;
DefensiveManeuver ismem ClassSet;
DefensiveManeuver iss Maneuver;
DefensiveManeuver has rdfs:comment += <A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the
agent attempts to avoid being damaged.>;
Demonstrating ismem ClassSet;
Demonstrating iss Disseminating;
Demonstrating has rdfs:comment += <Exhibiting something or a range of things
before the public in a particular location. This would cover software demos
theatrical plays lectures dance and music recitals museum exhibitions etc.>;
DeonticAttribute ismem ClassSet;
DeonticAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
DeonticAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing all of the Attributes
relating to the notions of permission obligation and prohibition.>;
Designing ismem ClassSet;
Designing iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Designing has rdfs:comment += <The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a
Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects with
respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well in order to satisfy a
particular purpose.>;
Destruction ismem ClassSet;
Destruction iss Damaging;
Destruction has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Damagings in which the patient
(or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. Note that the difference
between this concept and its superclass is solely one of extent.>;
Detaching ismem ClassSet;
Detaching iss DualObjectProcess;
Detaching has rdfs:comment += <A Process where the agent detaches one thing from
something else. Note that Detaching is different from Separating in that the
latter applies to Substances while the former applies to CorpuscularObjects.
Note too that Detaching is different from Removing in that one or both of the
two things which are detached may or may not be moved from the location where
they were attached.>;
DevelopmentalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
DevelopmentalAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
DevelopmentalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate the stage
of development of an Organism.>;
Device ismem ClassSet;
Device iss Artifact;
Device has rdfs:comment += <A Device is an Artifact whose purpose is to serve as
an instrument in a specific subclass of Process.>;
DiagnosticProcess ismem ClassSet;
DiagnosticProcess iss Investigating;
DiagnosticProcess has rdfs:comment += <A Process that is carried out for the
purpose of determining the nature of a DiseaseOrSyndrome.>;
Digesting ismem ClassSet;
Digesting iss OrganismProcess;
Digesting iss AutonomicProcess;
Digesting has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which Food that has been ingested
is broken down into simpler chemical compounds and absorbed by the Organism.>;
Directing ismem ClassSet;
Directing iss LinguisticCommunication;
Directing has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class urge some further action
among the receivers. A Directing can be an Ordering a Requesting or a
Questioning.>;
DirectionChange ismem ClassSet;
DirectionChange iss Motion;
DirectionChange has rdfs:comment += <The act of changing the direction in which
the patient of the act is oriented.>;
DirectionalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
DirectionalAttribute iss PositionalAttribute;
DirectionalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of PositionalAttributes
that concern compass directions.>;
Discovering ismem ClassSet;
Discovering iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Discovering has rdfs:comment += <Finding something that was sought. Note that
this class is restricted to cases of discovering something Physical. For cases
involving the acquisition of knowledge the class Learning should be used.>;
DiseaseOrSyndrome ismem ClassSet;
DiseaseOrSyndrome iss BiologicalAttribute;
DiseaseOrSyndrome has rdfs:comment += <A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies
something that alters or interferes with a normal process state or activity of
an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or
more of the host ' s systems parts or Organs.>;
Disseminating ismem ClassSet;
Disseminating iss Communication;
Disseminating has rdfs:comment += <Any Communication that involves a single
agent and many destinations. This covers the release of a published book
broadcasting a theatrical performance giving orders to assembled troops
delivering a public lecture etc.>;
Drinking ismem ClassSet;
Drinking iss Ingesting;
Drinking has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which liquid Food i.e. Beverages
are incorporated into an Animal.>;
Driving ismem ClassSet;
Driving iss Guiding;
Driving has rdfs:comment += <Controlling the direction and/or speed of a
Vehicle. This includes navigating a ship driving a car or truck operating a
train etc.>;
Drying ismem ClassSet;
Drying iss Removing;
Drying has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed
from an Object.>;
DualObjectProcess ismem ClassSet;
DualObjectProcess iss Process;
DualObjectProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any Process that requires two
nonidentical patients.>;
Eating ismem ClassSet;
Eating iss Ingesting;
Eating has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which solid Food is incorporated into
an Animal.>;
EducationalOrganization ismem ClassSet;
EducationalOrganization iss Organization;
EducationalOrganization has rdfs:comment += <A EducationalOrganization is an
institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K-12 schools and
colleges and universities.>;
EducationalProcess ismem ClassSet;
EducationalProcess iss Guiding;
EducationalProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any Process which is intended to result
in Learning.>;
Egg ismem ClassSet;
Egg iss ReproductiveBody;
Egg iss AnimalAnatomicalStructure;
Egg has rdfs:comment += <The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody
of an Animal. This includes Bird and Reptile eggs as well as mammalian ova.>;
Election ismem ClassSet;
Election iss OrganizationalProcess;
Election has rdfs:comment += <Election is the class of events conducted by an
organization in which qualified participants vote for officers adopt resolutions
or settle other issues in that Organization.>;
Electron ismem ClassSet;
Electron iss SubatomicParticle;
Electron has rdfs:comment += <SubatomicParticles that surround the
AtomicNucleus. They have a negative charge.>;
ElementalSubstance ismem ClassSet;
ElementalSubstance iss PureSubstance;
ElementalSubstance has rdfs:comment += <The Class of PureSubstances that cannot
be separated into two or more Substances by ordinary chemical (or physical)
means. This excludes nuclear reactions. ElementalSubstances are composed of only
one kind of atom. Examples: Iron (Fe) copper (Cu) and oxygen (O_2) .
ElementalSubstances are the simplest PureSubstances.>;
EmotionalState ismem ClassSet;
EmotionalState iss StateOfMind;
EmotionalState has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Attributes that denote
emotional states of Organisms.>;
Encoding ismem ClassSet;
Encoding iss Writing;
Encoding has rdfs:comment += <Converting a document or message into a formal
language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small body
of Agents. Generally speaking this hinders wide dissemination of the content in
the original document or message.>;
EngineeringComponent ismem ClassSet;
EngineeringComponent iss Device;
EngineeringComponent has rdfs:comment += <A fundamental concept that applies in
many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of a Device that
is a physically whole object such as one might see listed as standard parts in a
catalog. The main difference betweeen EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs
of matter is that EngineeringComponents are object-like in a modeling sense.
Thus an EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion but a part of a system
with a stable identity.>;
EngineeringConnection ismem ClassSet;
EngineeringConnection iss EngineeringComponent;
EngineeringConnection has rdfs:comment += <An EngineeringConnection is an
EngineeringComponent that represents a connection relationship between two other
EngineeringComponents. It is a reification of the Predicate
connectedEngineeringComponents. That means that whenever this Predicate holds
between two EngineeringComponents there exists an EngineeringConnection. The
practical reason for reifying a relationship is to be able to attach other
information about it. For example one might want to say that a particular
connection is associated with some shared parameters or that it is of a
particular type. EngineeringConnections are EngineeringComponents and can
therefore be an engineeringSubcomponent of other EngineeringComponents. However
to provide for modular regularity in component systems EngineeringConnections
cannot be connected. For each pair of EngineeringComponents related by
connectedEngineeringComponents there exists at least one EngineeringConnection.
However that object may not be unique and the same EngineeringConnection may be
associated with several pairs of EngineeringComponents.>;
Entity ismem ClassSet;
Entity has rdfs:comment += <The universal class of individuals. This is the root
node of the ontology.>;
EquivalenceRelation ismem ClassSet;
EquivalenceRelation iss TransitiveRelation;
EquivalenceRelation iss SymmetricRelation;
EquivalenceRelation iss ReflexiveRelation;
EquivalenceRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is an equivalence
relation if it is a ReflexiveRelation a SymmetricRelation and a
TransitiveRelation.>;
EthnicGroup ismem ClassSet;
EthnicGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
EthnicGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members originate from
the same GeographicArea or share the same Language and/or cultural practices.>;
EuroCent ismem ClassSet;
EuroCent iss CurrencyMeasure;
EuroCent isu UnitOfMeasure;
EuroCent has rdfs:comment += <A currency measure. 1 EuroCent is equal to .01
EuroDollars.>;
EuroDollar ismem ClassSet;
EuroDollar iss CurrencyMeasure;
EuroDollar isu UnitOfMeasure;
EuroDollar has rdfs:comment += <A currency measure of most European Union
countries. It is based on the UnitedStatesDollar.>;
EvenInteger ismem ClassSet;
EvenInteger iss Integer;
EvenInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is evenly divisible by 2.>;
Experimenting ismem ClassSet;
Experimenting iss Investigating;
Experimenting has rdfs:comment += <Investigating the truth of a Proposition by
constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either controlled
or uncontrolled blind or not blind.>;
Explanation ismem ClassSet;
Explanation iss DeductiveArgument;
Explanation has rdfs:comment += <An Argument where the conclusion is an observed
fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply the conclusion.
Note that this is the they hypothetico-deductive model of explanation.>;
Expressing ismem ClassSet;
Expressing iss Communication;
Expressing has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class express a state of the
agent. For example Jane thanked Barbara for the present she had given her. The
thanking in this case expresses the gratitude of Jane towards Barbara. Note that
Expressing unlike the other speech act types is not a subclass of
LinguisticCommunication. This is because emotions for example can be expressed
without language e.g. by smiling.>;
Fabric ismem ClassSet;
Fabric iss Artifact;
Fabric has disjoint += StationaryArtifact;
Fabric has rdfs:comment += <Artifacts that are created by weaving together
natural or synthetic fibers or by treating the skins of certain sorts of
Animals. Note that this Class includes articles that are created by stitching
together various types of fabrics e.g. bedspreads. On the other hand Clothing is
not a subclass of Fabric because many clothing items contain elements that are
not fabrics.>;
FactualText ismem ClassSet;
FactualText iss Text;
FactualText has disjoint += FictionalText;
FactualText has rdfs:comment += <The class of Texts that purport to reveal facts
about the world. Such texts are often known as information or as non-fiction.
Note that something can be an instance of FactualText even if it is wholly
inaccurate. Whether something is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of
the agent creating the text.>;
FahrenheitDegree ismem ClassSet;
FahrenheitDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
FahrenheitDegree isu UnitOfMeasure;
FahrenheitDegree has rdfs:comment += <A TemperatureMeasure that is commonly used
in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale the freezing point of water is 32
FahrenheitDegrees and the boiling point of water is 212 FahrenheitDegrees.>;
FamilyGroup ismem ClassSet;
FamilyGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
FamilyGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members bear
familyRelations to one another.>;
FatTissue ismem ClassSet;
FatTissue iss Tissue;
FatTissue has rdfs:comment += <Nonrigid Tissue that is composed largely of fat
cells.>;
February ismem ClassSet;
February iss Month;
February has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are February.>;
Feline ismem ClassSet;
Feline iss Carnivore;
Feline has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Carnivores with completely separable
toes nonretractable claws slim bodies and rounded heads.>;
Fern ismem ClassSet;
Fern iss NonFloweringPlant;
Fern has rdfs:comment += <A NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue.
This class includes true ferns as well as horsetails club mosses and whisk
ferns.>;
FictionalText ismem ClassSet;
FictionalText iss Text;
FictionalText has rdfs:comment += <The class of Texts that purport to be largely
a product of the author ' s imagination i.e. the author does not believe that
most of the content conveyed by the text is an accurate depiction of the real
world. Note that something can be an instance of FictionalText even if it is
completely true. Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the
beliefs of the agent creating the text.>;
FieldOfStudy ismem ClassSet;
FieldOfStudy iss Proposition;
FieldOfStudy has rdfs:comment += <An academic or applied discipline with
recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note that
FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition because a FieldOfStudy is understood
to be a body of abstract informational content with varying degrees of certainty
attached to each element of this content.>;
FinancialInstrument ismem ClassSet;
FinancialInstrument iss Certificate;
FinancialInstrument has rdfs:comment += <A document having monetary value or
recording a monetary transaction>;
FinancialTransaction ismem ClassSet;
FinancialTransaction iss Transaction;
FinancialTransaction has rdfs:comment += <A Transaction where an instance of
Currency is exchanged for something else.>;
FiniteSet ismem ClassSet;
FiniteSet iss Set;
FiniteSet has rdfs:comment += <A Set containing a finite number of elements.>;
Fish ismem ClassSet;
Fish iss ColdBloodedVertebrate;
Fish has rdfs:comment += <A cold-blooded aquatic Vertebrate characterized by
fins and breathing by gills. Included here are Fish having either a bony
skeleton such as a perch or a cartilaginous skeleton such as a shark. Also
included are those Fish lacking a jaw such as a lamprey or hagfish.>;
FloweringPlant ismem ClassSet;
FloweringPlant iss Plant;
FloweringPlant has rdfs:comment += <A Plant that produces seeds and flowers.
This class includes trees shrubs herbs and flowers.>;
Food ismem ClassSet;
Food iss SelfConnectedObject;
Food has rdfs:comment += <Any SelfConnectedObject containing Nutrients such as
carbohydrates proteins and fats that can be ingested by a living Animal and
metabolized into energy and body tissue.>;
FootLength ismem ClassSet;
FootLength iss LengthMeasure;
FootLength isu UnitOfMeasure;
FootLength has rdfs:comment += <English length unit of feet.>;
Formula ismem ClassSet;
Formula iss Sentence;
Formula has rdfs:comment += <A syntactically well-formed formula in the SUO-KIF
knowledge representation language.>;
Freezing ismem ClassSet;
Freezing iss StateChange;
Freezing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is cooled
and converted from a Liquid to a Solid.>;
FreshWaterArea ismem ClassSet;
FreshWaterArea iss WaterArea;
FreshWaterArea has rdfs:comment += <A WaterArea whose Water is not saline e.g.
most rivers and lakes.>;
Friday ismem ClassSet;
Friday iss Day;
Friday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Fridays.>;
FruitOrVegetable ismem ClassSet;
FruitOrVegetable iss PlantAnatomicalStructure;
FruitOrVegetable iss ReproductiveBody;
FruitOrVegetable has rdfs:comment += <Any fruit or vegetable i.e. a ripened
ReproductiveBody of a Plant. Note that FruitOrVegetable is not a subclass of
Food because some fruits e.g. poisonous berries are not edible.>;
Function ismem ClassSet;
Function iss SingleValuedRelation;
Function isu InheritableRelation;
Function has rdfs:comment += <A Function is a term-forming Relation that maps
from a n-tuple of arguments to a range and that associates this n-tuple with at
most one range element. Note that the range is a SetOrClass and each element of
the range is an instance of the SetOrClass.>;
FunctionQuantity ismem ClassSet;
FunctionQuantity iss PhysicalQuantity;
FunctionQuantity has rdfs:comment += <A FunctionQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity
that is returned by a Function that maps from one or more instances of
ConstantQuantity to another instance of ConstantQuantity. For example the
velocity of a particle would be represented by a FunctionQuantity relating
values of time (which are ConstantQuantities) to values of distance (also
ConstantQuantities) . Note that all elements of the range of the Function
corresponding to a FunctionQuantity have the same physical dimension as the
FunctionQuantity itself.>;
Funding ismem ClassSet;
Funding iss Giving;
Funding has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Giving where the patient is an
instance of Currency. Note that this class covers both financing e.g. where a
firm funds a software company with venture capital with the agreement that a
certain percentage of the profits on the investment will be returned to the firm
and instances of UnilateralGiving e.g. providing a tuition waiver and/or a
stipend to a student as part of scholarship or fellowship.>;
Fungus ismem ClassSet;
Fungus iss NonFloweringPlant;
Fungus has rdfs:comment += <A eukaryotic Organism characterized by the absence
of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included here are both
slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts molds mildews and mushrooms.>;
Game ismem ClassSet;
Game iss Contest;
Game iss RecreationOrExercise;
Game has rdfs:comment += <A Contest whose purpose is the enjoyment/stimulation
of the participants or spectators of the Game.>;
GasMixture ismem ClassSet;
GasMixture iss Mixture;
GasMixture has disjoint += LiquidMixture;
GasMixture has rdfs:comment += <Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions viz.
it is made up predominantly of things which are a Gas and any component other
than Gas in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are suspended in
the Gas.>;
GasMotion ismem ClassSet;
GasMotion iss Motion;
GasMotion has rdfs:comment += <Any Motion where the patient is a Gas. This class
would cover in particular the motion of Air e.g. a breeze or wind.>;
GeographicArea ismem ClassSet;
GeographicArea iss Region;
GeographicArea has rdfs:comment += <A geographic location generally having
definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass Region
in that a GeographicArea is a three-dimensional Region of the earth. Accordingly
all astronomical objects other than earth and all one-dimensional and
two-dimensional Regions are not classed under GeographicArea.>;
GeologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
GeologicalProcess iss Motion;
GeologicalProcess has disjoint += IntentionalProcess;
GeologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <The class of activities that are caused
by geological forces and affect geological features and which may affect the
biosphere as well.>;
GeometricFigure ismem ClassSet;
GeometricFigure iss ShapeAttribute;
GeometricFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of all geometric figures i.e. the
class of all abstract spatial representations. The instances of this class are
GeometricPoints TwoDimensionalFigures or ThreeDimensionalFigures.>;
GeometricPoint ismem ClassSet;
GeometricPoint iss GeometricFigure;
GeometricPoint has rdfs:comment += <The class of zero-dimensional
GeometricFigures i.e. the class of GeometricFigures that have position but lack
extension in any dimension.>;
GeopoliticalArea ismem ClassSet;
GeopoliticalArea iss GeographicArea;
GeopoliticalArea iss Agent;
GeopoliticalArea has rdfs:comment += <Any GeographicArea which is associated
with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands Cities
districts of cities counties etc. Note that the identity of a GeopoliticalArea
may remain constant after a change in borders.>;
Gesture ismem ClassSet;
Gesture iss Communication;
Gesture iss BodyMotion;
Gesture has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyMotion e.g. a hand wave a nod of the head a
smile which is also an instance of Communication.>;
Getting ismem ClassSet;
Getting iss ChangeOfPossession;
Getting has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent
gets something. Note that the source from which something is obtained is
specified with the origin CaseRole.>;
Giving ismem ClassSet;
Giving iss ChangeOfPossession;
Giving has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent
gives the destination something.>;
GivingBack ismem ClassSet;
GivingBack iss Giving;
GivingBack has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Giving where the agent gives
something to the destination which was previously given to the agent by the
destination e.g. returing a book that was borrowed from someone.>;
Government ismem ClassSet;
Government iss GovernmentOrganization;
Government has rdfs:comment += <The ruling body of a GeopoliticalArea.>;
GovernmentOrganization ismem ClassSet;
GovernmentOrganization iss Organization;
GovernmentOrganization has rdfs:comment += <GovernmentOrganization is the class
of official Organizations that are concerned with the government of a
GeopoliticalArea at some level. They may be a subOrganization of a government.>;
Grabbing ismem ClassSet;
Grabbing iss Touching;
Grabbing iss Attaching;
Grabbing has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Touching which results in a
situation where the agent grasps the patient of the Touching.>;
Graduation ismem ClassSet;
Graduation iss LeavingAnOrganization;
Graduation has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of graduating from an
EducationalOrganization.>;
Gram ismem ClassSet;
Gram iss MassMeasure;
Gram isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Gram has rdfs:comment += <Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 1 kilogram = 1000
Grams.>;
Group ismem ClassSet;
Group iss Collection;
Group iss Agent;
Group has rdfs:comment += <A Collection of Agents e.g. a flock of sheep a herd
of goats or the local Boy Scout troop.>;
GroupOfPeople ismem ClassSet;
GroupOfPeople iss Group;
GroupOfPeople has rdfs:comment += <Any Group whose members are exclusively
Humans.>;
Growth ismem ClassSet;
Growth iss AutonomicProcess;
Growth has rdfs:comment += <The Process of biological development in which an
Organism or part of an Organism changes its form or its size.>;
Guiding ismem ClassSet;
Guiding iss IntentionalProcess;
Guiding has rdfs:comment += <Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to
direct the behavior of another Object whether an Agent or not.>;
Hearing ismem ClassSet;
Hearing iss Perception;
Hearing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is
done by an auditory Organ.>;
Heating ismem ClassSet;
Heating iss Increasing;
Heating has disjoint += Cooling;
Heating has rdfs:comment += <Any Increasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity
increased is a TemperatureMeasure.>;
Hertz ismem ClassSet;
Hertz iss TimeDependentQuantity;
Hertz isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Hertz has rdfs:comment += <SI frequency measure. Symbol: Hz. It is the number of
cycles per second. Hertz = s^ (-1) . Note that Hertz does not have a conversion
function.>;
Hiring ismem ClassSet;
Hiring iss JoiningAnOrganization;
Hiring has rdfs:comment += <OrganizationalProcesses where someone is made an
employee of an Organization.>;
Hole ismem ClassSet;
Hole iss Region;
Hole has rdfs:comment += <A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface of
an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the
object in which it is a hole) being a Hole is defined as being a hole in
something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same region or part of the same
region without sharing any parts.>;
Hominid ismem ClassSet;
Hominid iss Primate;
Hominid has rdfs:comment += <Includes Humans and relatively recent ancestors of
Humans.>;
HoofedMammal ismem ClassSet;
HoofedMammal iss Mammal;
HoofedMammal has rdfs:comment += <The Class of quadruped Mammals with hooves.
Includes horses cows sheep pigs antelope etc.>;
Hotel ismem ClassSet;
Hotel iss ResidentialBuilding;
Hotel iss TemporaryResidence;
Hotel iss CommercialAgent;
Hotel has rdfs:comment += <A ResidentialBuilding which provides temporary
accommodations to guests in exchange for money.>;
Hour ismem ClassSet;
Hour iss TimeInterval;
Hour has relatedInternalConcept += HourFn;
Hour has relatedInternalConcept += HourDuration;
Hour has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all clock Hours.>;
HourDuration ismem ClassSet;
HourDuration iss TimeDuration;
HourDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
HourDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes.>;
Human ismem ClassSet;
Human iss Hominid;
Human iss CognitiveAgent;
Human has rdfs:comment += <Modern man the only remaining species of the Homo
genus.>;
HumanLanguage ismem ClassSet;
HumanLanguage iss Language;
HumanLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Languages used by Humans.>;
Icon ismem ClassSet;
Icon iss ContentBearingObject;
Icon has rdfs:comment += <This is the subclass of ContentBearingObjects which
are not part of a Language and which have some sort of similarity with the
Objects that they represent. This Class would include symbolic roadway signs
representational art works photographs etc.>;
ImaginaryNumber ismem ClassSet;
ImaginaryNumber iss Number;
ImaginaryNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any Number that is the result of
multiplying a RealNumber by the square root of -1.>;
Impacting ismem ClassSet;
Impacting iss Touching;
Impacting has rdfs:comment += <Any Touching where something comes into sudden
forceful physical contact with something else. Some examples would be striking
knocking whipping etc.>;
Impelling ismem ClassSet;
Impelling iss Transfer;
Impelling has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Transfer where the patient
travels through space by means of a sudden forceful event. Some examples would
be shooting throwing tossing etc.>;
Inch ismem ClassSet;
Inch iss LengthMeasure;
Inch isu UnitOfMeasure;
Inch has rdfs:comment += <English length unit of inches.>;
Increasing ismem ClassSet;
Increasing iss QuantityChange;
Increasing has relatedInternalConcept += Putting;
Increasing has rdfs:comment += <Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity is
increased.>;
InductiveArgument ismem ClassSet;
InductiveArgument iss Argument;
InductiveArgument has rdfs:comment += <An Argument which is inductive i.e. it is
claimed that a set of specific cases makes the conclusion which generalizes
these cases more likely to be true.>;
InformationMeasure ismem ClassSet;
InformationMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
InformationMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Measures of the amount of information.
Includes Bit Byte and multiples of these e.g. KiloByte and MegaByte.>;
Ingesting ismem ClassSet;
Ingesting iss OrganismProcess;
Ingesting has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which Food is taken into an
Animal.>;
InheritableRelation ismem ClassSet;
InheritableRelation isu Class;
InheritableRelation has rdfs:comment += <This is a Class of Classes. Each
instance of InheritableRelation is a subclass of Relation whose properties can
be inherited downward in the class hierarchy via the subrelation Predicate.>;
Injecting ismem ClassSet;
Injecting iss Inserting;
Injecting has rdfs:comment += <Inserting a BiologicallyActiveSubstance into an
Animal or a Human with a syringe.>;
Injuring ismem ClassSet;
Injuring iss PathologicProcess;
Injuring iss Damaging;
Injuring has rdfs:comment += <The process of creating a traumatic wound or
injury. Since Injuring is not possible without some biologic function of the
organism being injured it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess.>;
Insect ismem ClassSet;
Insect iss Arthropod;
Insect has rdfs:comment += <A Class of small Arthropods that are air-breathing
and that are distinguished by appearance.>;
Inserting ismem ClassSet;
Inserting iss Putting;
Inserting has rdfs:comment += <Putting one thing inside of another thing.>;
Integer ismem ClassSet;
Integer iss RationalNumber;
Integer has rdfs:comment += <A negative or nonnegative whole number.>;
IntentionalProcess ismem ClassSet;
IntentionalProcess iss Process;
IntentionalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A Process that has a specific purpose
for the CognitiveAgent who performs it.>;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess iss IntentionalProcess;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess iss PsychologicalProcess;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <An IntentionalProcess that
can be realized entirely within the mind or brain of an Organism. Thus for
example Reasoning is a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess because one
can reason simply by exercising one ' s mind/brain. On the other hand
RecreationOrExercise is not a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
because many instances of RecreationOrExercise necessarily have subProcesses of
BodyMotion.>;
IntentionalRelation ismem ClassSet;
IntentionalRelation isu InheritableRelation;
IntentionalRelation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Relations between an Agent
and one or more Entities where the Relation requires that the Agent have
awareness of the Entity.>;
InternalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
InternalAttribute iss Attribute;
InternalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Any Attribute of an Entity that is an
internal property of the Entity e.g. its shape its color its fragility etc.>;
InternalChange ismem ClassSet;
InternalChange iss Process;
InternalChange has rdfs:comment += <Processes which involve altering an internal
property of an Object e.g. the shape of the Object its coloring its structure
etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include changes that only
affect the relationship to other objects e.g. changes in spatial or temporal
location.>;
Interpreting ismem ClassSet;
Interpreting iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Interpreting has rdfs:comment += <Any Process of assigning a Proposition to a
Text i.e. understanding the Text.>;
IntransitiveRelation ismem ClassSet;
IntransitiveRelation iss BinaryRelation;
IntransitiveRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation ?REL is intransitive
only if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply not (?REL ?INST1
?INST3) for all ?INST1 ?INST2 and ?INST3.>;
InvalidDeductiveArgument ismem ClassSet;
InvalidDeductiveArgument iss DeductiveArgument;
InvalidDeductiveArgument has rdfs:comment += <DeductiveArguments that are not
ValidDeductiveArguments i.e. it is not the case that the set of premises in fact
entails the conclusion.>;
Invertebrate ismem ClassSet;
Invertebrate iss Animal;
Invertebrate has rdfs:comment += <An Animal which has no spinal column.>;
Investigating ismem ClassSet;
Investigating iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Investigating has rdfs:comment += <The class of
IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses where the agent attempts to obtaina
information ( i.e. a Proposition denoted by a Formula ) .>;
IrrationalNumber ismem ClassSet;
IrrationalNumber iss RealNumber;
IrrationalNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any RealNumber that is not also a
RationalNumber.>;
IrreflexiveRelation ismem ClassSet;
IrreflexiveRelation iss BinaryRelation;
IrreflexiveRelation has rdfs:comment += <Relation ?REL is irreflexive if (?REL
?INST ?INST) holds for no value of ?INST.>;
Island ismem ClassSet;
Island iss LandArea;
Island has rdfs:comment += <A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a
WaterArea.>;
January ismem ClassSet;
January iss Month;
January has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are January.>;
JoiningAnOrganization ismem ClassSet;
JoiningAnOrganization iss OrganizationalProcess;
JoiningAnOrganization has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of becoming
a member of an Organization.>;
Judging ismem ClassSet;
Judging iss Selecting;
Judging has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts for
one belief out of a set of multiple possibilities that are available to
him/her.>;
JudicialOrganization ismem ClassSet;
JudicialOrganization iss Organization;
JudicialOrganization has rdfs:comment += <JudicialOrganization is the class of
Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according to the
statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. Judicial bodies
are not necessarily government organizations for example those associated with
sporting associations.>;
JudicialProcess ismem ClassSet;
JudicialProcess iss PoliticalProcess;
JudicialProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any legal proceeding which is conducted by
a JudicialOrganization. Note that there is an important difference between the
concepts LegalAction and JudicialProcess. The former refers to legal claims that
are brought by a plaintiff e.g. law suits while the second refers to trials and
other sorts of judicial hearings where the merits of a LegalAction are
decided.>;
July ismem ClassSet;
July iss Month;
July has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are July.>;
June ismem ClassSet;
June iss Month;
June has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are June.>;
Keeping ismem ClassSet;
Keeping iss IntentionalProcess;
Keeping has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent keeps
something in a particular location for an extended period of time.>;
KelvinDegree ismem ClassSet;
KelvinDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
KelvinDegree isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
KelvinDegree has rdfs:comment += <SI TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of
the base units in SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system) . Kelvin differs from
the Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be 273.16
KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes of intervals in the
two scales are the same. By definition the conversion constant is 273.15.>;
Killing ismem ClassSet;
Killing iss Destruction;
Killing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Destruction in which the death of
an Organism is caused by an Organism. Note that in cases of suicide the Organism
would be the same in both cases.>;
KiloByte ismem ClassSet;
KiloByte iss InformationMeasure;
KiloByte isu UnitOfMeasure;
KiloByte has rdfs:comment += <One KiloByte (KB) of information. One KiloByte is
1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is different from the one accepted in
the SI system.>;
LandArea ismem ClassSet;
LandArea iss GeographicArea;
LandArea has rdfs:comment += <An area which is predominantly solid ground e.g. a
Nation a mountain a desert etc. Note that a LandArea may contain some relatively
small WaterAreas. For example Australia is a LandArea even though it contains
various rivers and lakes.>;
LandTransitway ismem ClassSet;
LandTransitway iss Transitway;
LandTransitway iss LandArea;
LandTransitway has rdfs:comment += <LandTransitway is the subclass of Transitway
that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.>;
Language ismem ClassSet;
Language iss LinguisticExpression;
Language has rdfs:comment += <A system of signs for expressing thought. The
system can be either natural or artificial i.e. something that emerges gradually
as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created by a person or
group of people.>;
LeapYear ismem ClassSet;
LeapYear iss Year;
LeapYear has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all leap years. These are years which
are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly divisible
by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century) .>;
Learning ismem ClassSet;
Learning iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Learning has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes which relate to the
acquisition of information.>;
LeavingAnOrganization ismem ClassSet;
LeavingAnOrganization iss OrganizationalProcess;
LeavingAnOrganization has disjoint += JoiningAnOrganization;
LeavingAnOrganization has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of leaving
an Organization whether voluntarily or involuntarily.>;
LegalAction ismem ClassSet;
LegalAction iss Contest;
LegalAction has rdfs:comment += <Any Process where a CognitiveAgent seeks to
obtain something through a court of law.>;
LegalDecision ismem ClassSet;
LegalDecision iss JudicialProcess;
LegalDecision iss Declaring;
LegalDecision has rdfs:comment += <A decision issued by a court with respect to
a LegalAction. Note that a LegalDecision is the act of Declaring a decision of a
court ; it is not the act of judge or jury Deciding the merits of a particular
LegalAction.>;
Lending ismem ClassSet;
Lending iss Giving;
Lending has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Giving Processes where the agent
gives the destination something for a limited period of time with the
expectation that it will be returned later ( perhaps with interest ) .>;
LengthMeasure ismem ClassSet;
LengthMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
LengthMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to
length.>;
LinguisticCommunication ismem ClassSet;
LinguisticCommunication iss Communication;
LinguisticCommunication has rdfs:comment += <A Communication that involves the
transfer of information via a LinguisticExpression.>;
LinguisticExpression ismem ClassSet;
LinguisticExpression iss ContentBearingObject;
LinguisticExpression has disjoint += Icon;
LinguisticExpression has rdfs:comment += <This is the subclass of
ContentBearingObjects which are language-related. Note that this Class
encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages e.g. Words.>;
LiquidMixture ismem ClassSet;
LiquidMixture iss Mixture;
LiquidMixture has rdfs:comment += <Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions
viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Liquid and any component
other than Liquid in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are
suspended in the Liquid.>;
LiquidMotion ismem ClassSet;
LiquidMotion iss Motion;
LiquidMotion has rdfs:comment += <Any Motion where the patient is a Liquid. This
class would cover in particular the flow of Water.>;
List ismem ClassSet;
List iss Relation;
List has rdfs:comment += <Every List is a particular ordered n-tuple of items.
Generally speaking Lists are created by means of the ListFn Function which takes
any number of items as arguments and returns a List with the items in the same
order. Anything including other Lists may be an item in a List. Note too that
Lists are extensional - two lists that have the same items in the same order are
identical. Note too that a List may contain no items. In that case the List is
the NullList.>;
Listening ismem ClassSet;
Listening iss Hearing;
Listening iss IntentionalProcess;
Listening has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Hearing which is intentional.>;
Liter ismem ClassSet;
Liter iss VolumeMeasure;
Liter isu UnitOfMeasure;
Liter has rdfs:comment += <Unit of volume in the metric system. It is currently
defined to be equal to one cubic decimeter (0.001 cubic meter) . Symbol: l.>;
Looking ismem ClassSet;
Looking iss Seeing;
Looking iss IntentionalProcess;
Looking has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Seeing which is intentional.>;
Machine ismem ClassSet;
Machine iss Device;
Machine has rdfs:comment += <Machines are Devices that that have a well-defined
resource and result and that automatically convert the resource into the
result.>;
Maintaining ismem ClassSet;
Maintaining iss IntentionalProcess;
Maintaining has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent cares
for or maintains the Object.>;
Making ismem ClassSet;
Making iss Creation;
Making iss IntentionalProcess;
Making has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Creation in which an individual
Artifact or a type of Artifact is made.>;
Mammal ismem ClassSet;
Mammal iss WarmBloodedVertebrate;
Mammal has rdfs:comment += <A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and
characterized by the presence of hair mammary glands and sweat glands.>;
Man ismem ClassSet;
Man iss Human;
Man has rdfs:comment += <The class of Male Humans.>;
Managing ismem ClassSet;
Managing iss OrganizationalProcess;
Managing iss Guiding;
Managing has rdfs:comment += <OrganizationalProcesses that involve overseeing
the activities of others. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess and
its sibling Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship between the
manager and the managed while the former implies a normative standard to which
the activities of the regulated are referred.>;
Maneuver ismem ClassSet;
Maneuver iss IntentionalProcess;
Maneuver has rdfs:comment += <An intentional move or play within a Contest. In
many cases a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for winning the
Contest but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi-arbitrary division of the
overarching Contest e.g. innings in a baseball game.>;
ManualHumanLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ManualHumanLanguage iss HumanLanguage;
ManualHumanLanguage has rdfs:comment += <A ManualHumanLanguage is a
HumanLanguage which has as its medium gestures and movement such as the shape
position and movement of the hands.>;
Manufacture ismem ClassSet;
Manufacture iss Making;
Manufacture has rdfs:comment += <The Making of Artifacts on a mass scale.>;
Manufacturer ismem ClassSet;
Manufacturer iss Corporation;
Manufacturer has rdfs:comment += <Any Corporation which manufactures Products.>;
March ismem ClassSet;
March iss Month;
March has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are March.>;
Marsupial ismem ClassSet;
Marsupial iss Mammal;
Marsupial has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals which have a pouch for their
young.>;
MassMeasure ismem ClassSet;
MassMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
MassMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the
amount of matter in an Object.>;
Matriculation ismem ClassSet;
Matriculation iss JoiningAnOrganization;
Matriculation has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of joining an
EducationalOrganization as a student.>;
May ismem ClassSet;
May iss Month;
May has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are May.>;
Measuring ismem ClassSet;
Measuring iss Calculating;
Measuring has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Calculating Processes where the aim
is to determine the PhysicalQuantity of some aspect of the patient.>;
MeasuringDevice ismem ClassSet;
MeasuringDevice iss Device;
MeasuringDevice has rdfs:comment += <Any Device whose purpose is to measure a
PhysicalQuantity.>;
Meat ismem ClassSet;
Meat iss Food;
Meat has rdfs:comment += <Any Food which was originally part of an Animal and is
not ingested by drinking including eggs and animal blood that is eaten as food.
Note that this class covers both raw meat and meat that has been prepared in
some way e.g. by cooking. Note too that preparations involving Meat and
FruitOrVegetable are classed directly under Food.>;
Meeting ismem ClassSet;
Meeting iss SocialInteraction;
Meeting has rdfs:comment += <The coming together of two or more CognitiveAgents
for the purpose of Communication. This covers informal meetings e.g. visits with
family members and formal meetings e.g. a board of directors meeting.>;
MegaByte ismem ClassSet;
MegaByte iss InformationMeasure;
MegaByte isu UnitOfMeasure;
MegaByte has rdfs:comment += <One MegaByte (MB) of information. One MegaByte is
1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is different from the one
accepted in the SI system.>;
Melting ismem ClassSet;
Melting iss StateChange;
Melting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is heated
and converted from a Solid to a Liquid.>;
MercantileOrganization ismem ClassSet;
MercantileOrganization iss Corporation;
MercantileOrganization has rdfs:comment += <Any Corporation which sells goods or
services to customers for a profit.>;
Metal ismem ClassSet;
Metal iss ElementalSubstance;
Metal has rdfs:comment += <A Metal is an ElementalSubstance that conducts heat
and electricity is shiny and reflects many colors of light and can be hammered
into sheets or drawn into wire. About 80% of the known chemical elements
(ElementalSubstances) are metals.>;
Meter ismem ClassSet;
Meter iss LengthMeasure;
Meter isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Meter has rdfs:comment += <SI LengthMeasure. Symbol: m. It is one of the base
units in SI and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter is the length of
the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of
a SecondDuration.>;
Microorganism ismem ClassSet;
Microorganism iss Organism;
Microorganism has rdfs:comment += <An Organism that can be seen only with the
aid of a microscope.>;
Mile ismem ClassSet;
Mile iss LengthMeasure;
Mile isu UnitOfMeasure;
Mile has rdfs:comment += <English length unit of miles.>;
MilitaryForce ismem ClassSet;
MilitaryForce iss PoliticalOrganization;
MilitaryForce has rdfs:comment += <MilitaryForce is the subclass of
Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the purpose of
either defensive or offensive combat whether or not the force is an official
GovernmentOrganization.>;
MilitaryOrganization ismem ClassSet;
MilitaryOrganization iss MilitaryForce;
MilitaryOrganization iss GovernmentOrganization;
MilitaryOrganization has rdfs:comment += <Any heavily armed Organization that is
part of a Government and that is charged with representing the Government in
international conflicts.>;
MilitaryProcess ismem ClassSet;
MilitaryProcess iss PoliticalProcess;
MilitaryProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any Process that is carried out by a
military organization. Note that this class covers Processes e.g. military
operations that are the result of careful planning as well as those which are
unscripted.>;
Mineral ismem ClassSet;
Mineral iss Substance;
Mineral has rdfs:comment += <Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous
substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum) or synthetic
substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form and properties
of a naturally occurring mineral.>;
Minute ismem ClassSet;
Minute iss TimeInterval;
Minute has relatedInternalConcept += MinuteFn;
Minute has relatedInternalConcept += MinuteDuration;
Minute has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all clock Minutes.>;
MinuteDuration ismem ClassSet;
MinuteDuration iss TimeDuration;
MinuteDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
MinuteDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds.>;
Mixture ismem ClassSet;
Mixture iss Substance;
Mixture has rdfs:comment += <A Mixture is two or more PureSubstances combined in
varying proportions - each retaining its own specific properties. The components
of a Mixture can be separated by physical means i.e. without the making and
breaking of chemical bonds. Examples: Air table salt thoroughly dissolved in
water milk wood and concrete.>;
Molecule ismem ClassSet;
Molecule iss CompoundSubstance;
Molecule has rdfs:comment += <A molecule is the smallest unit of matter of a
CompoundSubstance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that
substance e.g. Ne H2 H2O. A molecule is two or more Atoms linked by a chemical
bond.>;
Mollusk ismem ClassSet;
Mollusk iss Invertebrate;
Mollusk has rdfs:comment += <Soft-bodied Invertebrate that is usually contained
in a shell. Includes oysters clams mussels snails slugs octopi and squid.>;
Monday ismem ClassSet;
Monday iss Day;
Monday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Mondays.>;
Monkey ismem ClassSet;
Monkey iss Primate;
Monkey has rdfs:comment += <Various Primates with relatively long tails.>;
Month ismem ClassSet;
Month iss TimeInterval;
Month has relatedInternalConcept += MonthFn;
Month has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Months.>;
Morpheme ismem ClassSet;
Morpheme iss LinguisticExpression;
Morpheme has rdfs:comment += <Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided and
which expresses a meaning.>;
Moss ismem ClassSet;
Moss iss NonFloweringPlant;
Moss has rdfs:comment += <A NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little if
any vascular tissue.>;
Motion ismem ClassSet;
Motion iss Process;
Motion has rdfs:comment += <Any Process of movement.>;
Muscle ismem ClassSet;
Muscle iss Tissue;
Muscle iss AnimalSubstance;
Muscle has rdfs:comment += <Nonrigid Tissue appearing only in Animals and
composed largely of contractile cells.>;
Music ismem ClassSet;
Music iss RadiatingSound;
Music has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of RadiatingSound where the sound is
intended to be melodic and is produced deliberately.>;
MusicalInstrument ismem ClassSet;
MusicalInstrument iss Device;
MusicalInstrument has rdfs:comment += <A Device which is manipulated by a Human
and whose purpose is to produce Music.>;
MutuallyDisjointClass ismem ClassSet;
MutuallyDisjointClass iss SetOrClass;
MutuallyDisjointClass has rdfs:comment += <A SetOrClass is a
MutuallyDisjointClass just in case there exists nothing which is an instance of
all of the instances of the original SetOrClass.>;
Myriapod ismem ClassSet;
Myriapod iss Arthropod;
Myriapod has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Arthropods that includes centipedes and
millipedes.>;
Naming ismem ClassSet;
Naming iss Declaring;
Naming has rdfs:comment += <The Process of assigning a name to someone or
something.>;
Nation ismem ClassSet;
Nation iss GeopoliticalArea;
Nation iss LandArea;
Nation has rdfs:comment += <The broadest GeopoliticalArea i.e. Nations are
GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and comprehensive
governance structure ( excepting commonwealths and other sorts of loose
international organizations ) .>;
NaturalLanguage ismem ClassSet;
NaturalLanguage iss HumanLanguage;
NaturalLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of HumanLanguages which are
not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This Class includes
all of the national languages e.g. English Spanish Japanese etc. Note that this
class includes dialects of natural languages.>;
NaturalSubstance ismem ClassSet;
NaturalSubstance iss Substance;
NaturalSubstance has rdfs:comment += <Any Substance that is not the result of an
IntentionalProcess i.e. any substance that occurs naturally.>;
NegativeInteger ismem ClassSet;
NegativeInteger iss Integer;
NegativeInteger iss NegativeRealNumber;
NegativeInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is less than zero.>;
NegativeRealNumber ismem ClassSet;
NegativeRealNumber iss RealNumber;
NegativeRealNumber has rdfs:comment += <A RealNumber that is less than zero.>;
Neutron ismem ClassSet;
Neutron iss SubatomicParticle;
Neutron has rdfs:comment += <Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have no
charge.>;
NonFloweringPlant ismem ClassSet;
NonFloweringPlant iss Plant;
NonFloweringPlant has disjoint += FloweringPlant;
NonFloweringPlant has rdfs:comment += <A Plant that reproduces with spores and
does not produce flowers.>;
NonNullSet ismem ClassSet;
NonNullSet iss SetOrClass;
NonNullSet has rdfs:comment += <Any SetOrClass that contains at least one
instance.>;
NonnegativeInteger ismem ClassSet;
NonnegativeInteger iss Integer;
NonnegativeInteger iss NonnegativeRealNumber;
NonnegativeInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is greater than or equal
to zero.>;
NonnegativeRealNumber ismem ClassSet;
NonnegativeRealNumber iss RealNumber;
NonnegativeRealNumber has rdfs:comment += <A RealNumber that is greater than or
equal to zero.>;
NormativeAttribute ismem ClassSet;
NormativeAttribute iss RelationalAttribute;
NormativeAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing all of the Attributes
that are specific to morality legality aesthetics etiquette etc. Many of these
attributes express a judgement that something ought or ought not to be the
case.>;
Noun ismem ClassSet;
Noun iss Word;
Noun has rdfs:comment += <One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that
conventionally denote Objects.>;
NounPhrase ismem ClassSet;
NounPhrase iss Phrase;
NounPhrase has disjoint += VerbPhrase;
NounPhrase has rdfs:comment += <A Phrase that has the same function as a Noun.>;
November ismem ClassSet;
November iss Month;
November has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are November.>;
NullSet ismem ClassSet;
NullSet iss SetOrClass;
NullSet has rdfs:comment += <Any SetOrClass that contains no instances.>;
Number ismem ClassSet;
Number iss Quantity;
Number has rdfs:comment += <A measure of how many things there are or how much
there is of a certain kind. Numbers are subclassed into RealNumber ComplexNumber
and ImaginaryNumber.>;
Nutrient ismem ClassSet;
Nutrient iss BiologicallyActiveSubstance;
Nutrient has rdfs:comment += <A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an
Organism. It is generally ingested as Food and it is of primary interest because
of its role in the biologic functioning of the Organism.>;
Object ismem ClassSet;
Object iss Physical;
Object has rdfs:comment += <Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary
objects. Examples include normal physical objects geographical regions and
locations of Processes the complement of Objects in the Physical class. In a 4D
ontology an Object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as
dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis.>;
ObjectAttitude ismem ClassSet;
ObjectAttitude iss IntentionalRelation;
ObjectAttitude isu InheritableRelation;
ObjectAttitude has disjoint += PropositionalAttitude;
ObjectAttitude has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalRelations where the
Agent has awareness of an instance of Physical.>;
ObjectiveNorm ismem ClassSet;
ObjectiveNorm iss NormativeAttribute;
ObjectiveNorm has rdfs:comment += <The Class of NormativeAttributes that are
associated with an objective criterion for their attribution i.e. there is broad
consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable.>;
October ismem ClassSet;
October iss Month;
October has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are October.>;
OddInteger ismem ClassSet;
OddInteger iss Integer;
OddInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2.>;
Offering ismem ClassSet;
Offering iss Committing;
Offering has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Committing in which a
CognitiveAgent offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings may be
unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a UnilateralGiving) or
conditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a Transaction of some
sort) .>;
OneDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
OneDimensionalFigure iss GeometricFigure;
OneDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of GeometricFigures that
have position and an extension along a single dimension viz. straight lines.>;
OneToOneFunction ismem ClassSet;
OneToOneFunction iss UnaryFunction;
OneToOneFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of UnaryFunctions which are one
to one. A function F is one to one just in case for all X Y in the domain of F
if X is not identical to Y then F (X) is not identical to F (Y) .>;
OpenTwoDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
OpenTwoDimensionalFigure iss TwoDimensionalFigure;
OpenTwoDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of TwoDimensionalFigures
that are not ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures.>;
Ordering ismem ClassSet;
Ordering iss Directing;
Ordering has rdfs:comment += <A Directing in which the receiver is commanded to
realize the content of a ContentBearingObject. Orders are injunctions the
disobedience of which involves sanctions or which express an obligation upon the
part of the orderee.>;
Organ ismem ClassSet;
Organ iss BodyPart;
Organ has rdfs:comment += <A somewhat independent BodyPart that performs a
specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily systems
e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system.>;
OrganOrTissueProcess ismem ClassSet;
OrganOrTissueProcess iss AutonomicProcess;
OrganOrTissueProcess has disjoint += OrganismProcess;
OrganOrTissueProcess has rdfs:comment += <A PhysiologicProcess of a particular
Organ or Tissue.>;
OrganicObject ismem ClassSet;
OrganicObject iss CorpuscularObject;
OrganicObject has disjoint += Artifact;
OrganicObject has rdfs:comment += <This class encompasses Organisms
CorpuscularObjects that are parts of Organisms i.e. BodyParts and
CorpuscularObjects that are nonintentionally produced by Organisms e.g.
ReproductiveBodies.>;
Organism ismem ClassSet;
Organism iss OrganicObject;
Organism iss Agent;
Organism has rdfs:comment += <Generally a living individual including all Plants
and Animals.>;
OrganismProcess ismem ClassSet;
OrganismProcess iss PhysiologicProcess;
OrganismProcess has rdfs:comment += <A physiologic function of the Organism as a
whole of multiple organ systems or of multiple Organs or Tissues.>;
Organization ismem ClassSet;
Organization iss Group;
Organization iss CognitiveAgent;
Organization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization is a corporate or similar
institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common purpose or
function. Note that this class also covers divisions departments etc. of
organizations. For example both the Shell Corporation and the accounting
department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. Note too that the
existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one
member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection) . Accordingly in cases
of purely legal organizations a fictitious member should be assumed.>;
OrganizationalProcess ismem ClassSet;
OrganizationalProcess iss IntentionalProcess;
OrganizationalProcess has rdfs:comment += <An IntentionalProcess that involves
an Organization.>;
Ounce ismem ClassSet;
Ounce iss VolumeMeasure;
Ounce isu UnitOfMeasure;
Ounce has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a Cup.>;
PairwiseDisjointClass ismem ClassSet;
PairwiseDisjointClass iss SetOrClass;
PairwiseDisjointClass has rdfs:comment += <A SetOrClass is a
PairwiseDisjointClass just in case every instance of the SetOrClass is either
equal to or disjoint from every other instance of the SetOrClass.>;
ParamilitaryOrganization ismem ClassSet;
ParamilitaryOrganization iss MilitaryForce;
ParamilitaryOrganization has disjoint += GovernmentOrganization;
ParamilitaryOrganization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization which is much like
a MilitaryOrganization e.g. it is made up of armed fighters except that it is
not associated with a Government.>;
PartialOrderingRelation ismem ClassSet;
PartialOrderingRelation iss TransitiveRelation;
PartialOrderingRelation iss AntisymmetricRelation;
PartialOrderingRelation iss ReflexiveRelation;
PartialOrderingRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is a partial
ordering if it is a ReflexiveRelation an AntisymmetricRelation and a
TransitiveRelation.>;
PartialValuedRelation ismem ClassSet;
PartialValuedRelation iss Relation;
PartialValuedRelation has rdfs:comment += <A Relation is a PartialValuedRelation
just in case it is not a TotalValuedRelation i.e. just in case assigning values
to every argument position except the last one does not necessarily mean that
there is a value assignment for the last argument position. Note that if a
Relation is both a PartialValuedRelation and a SingleValuedRelation then it is a
partial function.>;
ParticleWord ismem ClassSet;
ParticleWord iss Word;
ParticleWord has rdfs:comment += <An umbrella Class for any Word that does not
fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small term
that serves a grammatical or logical function e.g. 'and' 'of' 'since' etc. At
some point this class might be broken up into the subclasses 'Connective'
'Preposition' etc. Note that the class ParticleWord includes both personal and
possessive pronouns e.g. 'she' 'hers' 'it' 'its' etc.>;
Patent ismem ClassSet;
Patent iss Certificate;
Patent has rdfs:comment += <A Certificate that expresses the content of an
invention that has been accorded legal protection by a governemental entity.>;
PathologicProcess ismem ClassSet;
PathologicProcess iss BiologicalProcess;
PathologicProcess has disjoint += PhysiologicProcess;
PathologicProcess has rdfs:comment += <A disordered process activity or state of
the Organism as a whole of a body system or systems or of multiple Organs or
Tissues. Included here are normal responses to a negative stimulus as well as
patholologic conditions or states that are less specific than a disease.
Pathologic functions frequently have systemic effects.>;
Perception ismem ClassSet;
Perception iss PsychologicalProcess;
Perception has rdfs:comment += <Sensing some aspect of the material world. Note
that the agent of this sensing is assumed to be an Animal.>;
Periodical ismem ClassSet;
Periodical iss Series;
Periodical has rdfs:comment += <A Series whose elements are published separately
and on a periodic basis.>;
PermanentResidence ismem ClassSet;
PermanentResidence iss Residence;
PermanentResidence has rdfs:comment += <A Residence where people live i.e. where
people have a home.>;
Phrase ismem ClassSet;
Phrase iss LinguisticExpression;
Phrase has rdfs:comment += <A set of Words in a Language which form a unit i.e.
express a meaning in the Language.>;
Physical ismem ClassSet;
Physical iss Entity;
Physical has rdfs:comment += <An entity that has a location in space-time. Note
that locations are themselves understood to have a location in space-time.>;
PhysicalQuantity ismem ClassSet;
PhysicalQuantity iss Quantity;
PhysicalQuantity has rdfs:comment += <A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of some
quantifiable aspect of the modeled world such as 'the earth' s diameter ' (a
constant length) and ' the stress in a loaded deformable solid ' ( a measure of
stress which is a function of three spatial coordinates ) . All
PhysicalQuantities are either ConstantQuantities or FunctionQuantities.
Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent on a UnitOfMeasure while instances
of FunctionQuantity are Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to
other instances of ConstantQuantity ( e.g. TimeDependentQuantities are
FunctionQuantities ) . Although the name and definition of PhysicalQuantity is
borrowed from physics PhysicalQuantities need not be material. Aside from the
dimensions of length time velocity etc. nonphysical dimensions such as currency
are also possible. Accordingly amounts of money would be instances of
PhysicalQuantity. PhysicalQuantities are distinguished from Numbers by the fact
that the former are associated with a dimension of measurement.>;
PhysicalState ismem ClassSet;
PhysicalState iss InternalAttribute;
PhysicalState has rdfs:comment += <The physical state of an Object. There are
three reified instances of this Class: Solid Liquid and Gas. Physical changes
are not characterized by the transformation of one substance into another but
rather by the change of the form ( physical states ) of a given substance. For
example melting an iron nail yields a substance still called iron.>;
PhysiologicProcess ismem ClassSet;
PhysiologicProcess iss BiologicalProcess;
PhysiologicProcess has rdfs:comment += <A normal process of an Organism or part
of an Organism.>;
Pint ismem ClassSet;
Pint iss VolumeMeasure;
Pint isu UnitOfMeasure;
Pint has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Quart.>;
Plan ismem ClassSet;
Plan iss Procedure;
Plan has rdfs:comment += <A specification of a sequence of Processes which is
intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time.>;
PlaneAngleMeasure ismem ClassSet;
PlaneAngleMeasure iss AngleMeasure;
PlaneAngleMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The value of an angle in a plane.>;
Planning ismem ClassSet;
Planning iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Planning has rdfs:comment += <Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a set
of goals or objectives.>;
Plant ismem ClassSet;
Plant iss Organism;
Plant has rdfs:comment += <An Organism having cellulose cell walls growing by
synthesis of Substances generally distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll
and lacking the power of locomotion.>;
PlantAnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
PlantAnatomicalStructure iss AnatomicalStructure;
PlantAnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <AnatomicalStructures that are
possessed exclusively by Plants.>;
PlantSubstance ismem ClassSet;
PlantSubstance iss BodySubstance;
PlantSubstance has rdfs:comment += <BodySubstances that are produced exclusively
by Plants.>;
Poking ismem ClassSet;
Poking iss IntentionalProcess;
Poking has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent pierces the
surface of the Object with an instrument.>;
PoliceOrganization ismem ClassSet;
PoliceOrganization iss GovernmentOrganization;
PoliceOrganization has rdfs:comment += <Any GovernmentOrganization that is
charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government.>;
PoliticalOrganization ismem ClassSet;
PoliticalOrganization iss Organization;
PoliticalOrganization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization that is a
subOrganization of a Government or an Organization that is attempting to bring
about some sort of political change.>;
PoliticalProcess ismem ClassSet;
PoliticalProcess iss OrganizationalProcess;
PoliticalProcess has rdfs:comment += <An OrganizationalProcess carried out by
for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples would be voting
on proposed legislation electing a government representative or even
overthrowing a government in a revolution.>;
Pollen ismem ClassSet;
Pollen iss ReproductiveBody;
Pollen iss PlantAnatomicalStructure;
Pollen has rdfs:comment += <A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains
male gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the
same species.>;
Position ismem ClassSet;
Position iss SocialRole;
Position has rdfs:comment += <A formal position of reponsibility within an
Organization. Examples of Positions include president laboratory director senior
researcher sales representative etc.>;
PositionalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
PositionalAttribute iss RelationalAttribute;
PositionalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes characterizing the
orientation of an Object e.g. Vertical versus Horizontal Left versus Right
etc.>;
PositiveInteger ismem ClassSet;
PositiveInteger iss NonnegativeInteger;
PositiveInteger iss PositiveRealNumber;
PositiveInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is greater than zero.>;
PositiveRealNumber ismem ClassSet;
PositiveRealNumber iss NonnegativeRealNumber;
PositiveRealNumber has rdfs:comment += <A RealNumber that is greater than
zero.>;
PoundMass ismem ClassSet;
PoundMass iss MassMeasure;
PoundMass isu UnitOfMeasure;
PoundMass has rdfs:comment += <English mass unit of pounds.>;
Precipitation ismem ClassSet;
Precipitation iss WeatherProcess;
Precipitation has rdfs:comment += <Precipitation is the process of water
molecules falling from the air to the ground in either a liquid or frozen
state.>;
Predicate ismem ClassSet;
Predicate iss Relation;
Predicate isu InheritableRelation;
Predicate has rdfs:comment += <A Predicate is a sentence-forming Relation. Each
tuple in the Relation is a finite ordered sequence of objects. The fact that a
particular tuple is an element of a Predicate is denoted by '(*predicate* arg_1
arg_2 .. arg_n)' where the arg_i are the objects so related. In the case of
BinaryPredicates the fact can be read as `arg_1 is *predicate* arg_2 ' or `a
*predicate* of arg_1 is arg_2 ' .>;
Predicting ismem ClassSet;
Predicting iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Predicting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve the formulation of a Proposition about a state of affairs which
might be realized in the future.>;
PrepositionalPhrase ismem ClassSet;
PrepositionalPhrase iss Phrase;
PrepositionalPhrase has rdfs:comment += <A Phrase that begins with a preposition
and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb.>;
Pretending ismem ClassSet;
Pretending iss SocialInteraction;
Pretending has rdfs:comment += <Any SocialInteraction where a CognitiveAgent or
Group of CognitiveAgents attempts to make another CognitiveAgent or Group of
CognitiveAgents believe something that is false. This covers deceit affectation
impersonation and entertainment productions to give just a few examples.>;
PrimaryColor ismem ClassSet;
PrimaryColor iss ColorAttribute;
PrimaryColor has rdfs:comment += <Colors which can be blended to form any color
and which cannot be derived from any other colors.>;
Primate ismem ClassSet;
Primate iss Mammal;
Primate has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals which are Primates.>;
PrimeNumber ismem ClassSet;
PrimeNumber iss Integer;
PrimeNumber has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is evenly divisible only by
itself and 1.>;
ProbabilityAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ProbabilityAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
ProbabilityAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A class containing all of the
Attributes relating to objective qualitative assessments of probability e.g.
Likely and Unlikely.>;
ProbabilityRelation ismem ClassSet;
ProbabilityRelation iss Relation;
ProbabilityRelation isu InheritableRelation;
ProbabilityRelation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Relations that permit
assessment of the probability of an event or situation.>;
Procedure ismem ClassSet;
Procedure iss Proposition;
Procedure has rdfs:comment += <A sequence-dependent specification. Some examples
are ComputerPrograms finite-state machines cooking recipes musical scores
conference schedules driving directions and the scripts of plays and movies.>;
Process ismem ClassSet;
Process iss Physical;
Process has rdfs:comment += <Intuitively the class of things that happen and
have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events like a football
match or a race actions like Pursuing and Reading and biological processes. The
formal definition is: anything that lasts for a time but is not an Object. Note
that a Process may have participants 'inside' it which are Objects such as the
players in a football match. In a 4D ontology a Process is something whose
spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages roughly
perpendicular to the time-axis.>;
Product ismem ClassSet;
Product iss Artifact;
Product has rdfs:comment += <An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture and
that is intended to be sold.>;
Proposition ismem ClassSet;
Proposition iss Abstract;
Proposition has rdfs:comment += <Propositions are Abstract entities that express
a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example the formula
'(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an
element of the Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the
content expressed by individual sentences of a Language. They may encompass the
content expressed by theories books and even whole libraries. It is important to
distinguish Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A
Proposition is a piece of information e.g. that the cat is on the mat but a
ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. A
Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings
sounds icons etc. For example the Proposition that the cat is on the mat is
represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed on a monitor
and/or printed on paper but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by
some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form>;
PropositionalAttitude ismem ClassSet;
PropositionalAttitude iss IntentionalRelation;
PropositionalAttitude iss AsymmetricRelation;
PropositionalAttitude isu InheritableRelation;
PropositionalAttitude has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalRelations
where the Agent has awareness of a Proposition.>;
Protein ismem ClassSet;
Protein iss Nutrient;
Protein has rdfs:comment += <A Nutrient made up of amino acids joined by peptide
bonds.>;
Proton ismem ClassSet;
Proton iss SubatomicParticle;
Proton has rdfs:comment += <Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have a
positive charge.>;
PsychologicalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
PsychologicalAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
PsychologicalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that characterize the
mental or behavioral life of an Organism.>;
PsychologicalDysfunction ismem ClassSet;
PsychologicalDysfunction iss PsychologicalAttribute;
PsychologicalDysfunction iss DiseaseOrSyndrome;
PsychologicalDysfunction has rdfs:comment += <A clinically significant
dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. These
dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies or
manifestations.>;
PsychologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
PsychologicalProcess iss BiologicalProcess;
PsychologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A BiologicalProcess which takes place
in the mind or brain of an Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior
of the Organism.>;
Publication ismem ClassSet;
Publication iss Manufacture;
Publication iss ContentDevelopment;
Publication has rdfs:comment += <The Manufacture of Texts. Note that there is no
implication that the Texts are distributed. Such distribution when it occurs is
an instance of Dissemination.>;
PureSubstance ismem ClassSet;
PureSubstance iss Substance;
PureSubstance has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Substances with constant
composition. A PureSubstance can be either an element (ElementalSubstance) or a
compound of elements (CompoundSubstance) . Examples: Table salt (sodium
chloride, NaCl) sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}) water (H_2O) iron (Fe)
copper (Cu) and oxygen (O_2) .>;
Pursuing ismem ClassSet;
Pursuing iss IntentionalProcess;
Pursuing has rdfs:comment += <The class of IntentionalProcesses where something
is sought. Some examples would be hunting shopping trawling and stalking.>;
Putting ismem ClassSet;
Putting iss Transfer;
Putting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where something is put in a
location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole destination.>;
Quantity ismem ClassSet;
Quantity iss Abstract;
Quantity has rdfs:comment += <Any specification of how many or how much of
something there is. Accordingly there are two subclasses of Quantity: Number
(how many) and PhysicalQuantity (how much) .>;
QuantityChange ismem ClassSet;
QuantityChange iss InternalChange;
QuantityChange has rdfs:comment += <Any InternalChange where a PhysicalQuantity
associated with the patient is altered.>;
Quart ismem ClassSet;
Quart iss VolumeMeasure;
Quart isu UnitOfMeasure;
Quart has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a
UnitedStatesGallon.>;
QuaternaryFunction ismem ClassSet;
QuaternaryFunction iss Function;
QuaternaryFunction iss QuintaryRelation;
QuaternaryFunction isu InheritableRelation;
QuaternaryFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Functions that require
exactly four arguments.>;
QuaternaryPredicate ismem ClassSet;
QuaternaryPredicate iss Predicate;
QuaternaryPredicate iss QuaternaryRelation;
QuaternaryPredicate isu InheritableRelation;
QuaternaryPredicate has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Predicates that require
four arguments.>;
QuaternaryRelation ismem ClassSet;
QuaternaryRelation iss Relation;
QuaternaryRelation isu InheritableRelation;
QuaternaryRelation has rdfs:comment += <QuaternaryRelations relate four items.
The two subclasses of QuaternaryRelation are QuaternaryPredicate and
TernaryFunction.>;
Questioning ismem ClassSet;
Questioning iss Directing;
Questioning has rdfs:comment += <A request for information. For example John
asked Bill if the President had said anything about taxes in his State of the
Union address.>;
QuintaryPredicate ismem ClassSet;
QuintaryPredicate iss Predicate;
QuintaryPredicate iss QuintaryRelation;
QuintaryPredicate isu InheritableRelation;
QuintaryPredicate has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Predicates that require five
arguments.>;
QuintaryRelation ismem ClassSet;
QuintaryRelation iss Relation;
QuintaryRelation isu InheritableRelation;
QuintaryRelation has rdfs:comment += <QuintaryRelations relate five items. The
two subclasses of QuintaryRelation are QuintaryPredicate and
QuaternaryFunction.>;
Radian ismem ClassSet;
Radian iss PlaneAngleMeasure;
Radian isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Radian has rdfs:comment += <SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle
of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle ' s radius.
Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut
off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. Radian = m/m =
1.>;
Radiating ismem ClassSet;
Radiating iss Motion;
Radiating has rdfs:comment += <Processes in which some form of electromagnetic
radiation e.g. radio waves light waves electrical energy etc. is given off or
absorbed by something else.>;
RadiatingLight ismem ClassSet;
RadiatingLight iss Radiating;
RadiatingLight has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Radiating in which light is
given off or absorbed. Some examples include blinking flashing and glittering.>;
RadiatingNuclear ismem ClassSet;
RadiatingNuclear iss Radiating;
RadiatingNuclear has rdfs:comment += <Releasing atomic energy i.e. energy from a
nuclear reaction.>;
RadiatingSound ismem ClassSet;
RadiatingSound iss Radiating;
RadiatingSound has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Radiating in which sound
waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking roaring and
whistling.>;
RankineDegree ismem ClassSet;
RankineDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
RankineDegree isu UnitOfMeasure;
RankineDegree has rdfs:comment += <A TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0
RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero ( i.e. 0 KelvinDegrees ) .>;
RationalNumber ismem ClassSet;
RationalNumber iss RealNumber;
RationalNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any RealNumber that is the product of
dividing two Integers.>;
Reading ismem ClassSet;
Reading iss ContentDevelopment;
Reading has relatedInternalConcept += Interpreting;
Reading has rdfs:comment += <A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content
is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. Note that the
class Interpreting should be used in cases where a Text is read silently.>;
RealNumber ismem ClassSet;
RealNumber iss Number;
RealNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any Number that can be expressed as a (possibly
infinite) decimal i.e. any Number that has a position on the number line.>;
Reasoning ismem ClassSet;
Reasoning iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Reasoning has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve concluding on the basis of either deductive or inductive evidence
that a particular Proposition or Sentence is true.>;
RecreationOrExercise ismem ClassSet;
RecreationOrExercise iss IntentionalProcess;
RecreationOrExercise has rdfs:comment += <A Process that is carried out for the
purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a subclass of
IntentionalProcess the intent of a process determines whether or not it is an
instance of the class. Hence if John and Bill watch the same program on
television and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely to satisfy
an educational requirement then John ' s watching the movie is an instance of
RecreationOrExercise while Bill ' s is not ( both cases of watching the
television program would however be in the class of Seeing since being an
instance of this latter class is not determined by intention ) .>;
ReflexiveRelation ismem ClassSet;
ReflexiveRelation iss BinaryRelation;
ReflexiveRelation has rdfs:comment += <Relation ?REL is reflexive if (?REL ?INST
?INST) for all ?INST.>;
Region ismem ClassSet;
Region iss Object;
Region has rdfs:comment += <A topographic location. Regions encompass surfaces
of Objects imaginary places and GeographicAreas. Note that a Region is the only
kind of Object which can be located at itself. Note too that Region is not a
subclass of SelfConnectedObject because some Regions e.g. archipelagos have
parts which are not connected with one another.>;
RegulatoryProcess ismem ClassSet;
RegulatoryProcess iss Guiding;
RegulatoryProcess has rdfs:comment += <an Guiding whose aim is the enforcement
of rules or regulations. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess and
the related concept Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship
between a single manager and limited number of agents who are managed while the
former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are
referred.>;
Relation ismem ClassSet;
Relation iss Abstract;
Relation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of relations. There are three kinds of
Relation: Predicate Function and List. Predicates and Functions both denote sets
of ordered n-tuples. The difference between these two Classes is that Predicates
cover formula-forming operators while Functions cover term-forming operators. A
List on the other hand is a particular ordered n-tuple.>;
RelationExtendedToQuantities ismem ClassSet;
RelationExtendedToQuantities iss Relation;
RelationExtendedToQuantities isu InheritableRelation;
RelationExtendedToQuantities has rdfs:comment += <A RelationExtendedToQuantities
is a Relation that when it is true on a sequence of arguments that are
RealNumbers it is also true on a sequence of ConstantQuantites with those
magnitudes in some unit of measure. For example the lessThan relation is
extended to quantities. This means that for all pairs of quantities ?QUANTITY1
and ?QUANTITY2 (lessThan ?QUANTITY1 ?QUANTITY2) if and only if for some ?NUMBER1
?NUMBER2 and ?UNIT ?QUANTITY1 = (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT) ?QUANTITY2 =
(MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT) and (lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) for all units ?UNIT
on which ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2 can be measured. Note that when a
RelationExtendedToQuantities is extended from RealNumbers to ConstantQuantities
the ConstantQuantities must be measured along the same physical dimension.>;
RelationalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
RelationalAttribute iss Attribute;
RelationalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Any Attribute that an Entity has by
virtue of a relationship that it bears to another Entity or set of Entities e.g.
SocialRoles and PositionalAttributes.>;
ReligiousOrganization ismem ClassSet;
ReligiousOrganization iss Organization;
ReligiousOrganization iss BeliefGroup;
ReligiousOrganization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization whose members share a
set of religious beliefs.>;
ReligiousProcess ismem ClassSet;
ReligiousProcess iss OrganizationalProcess;
ReligiousProcess has rdfs:comment += <An OrganizationalProcess that is carried
out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.>;
Remembering ismem ClassSet;
Remembering iss PsychologicalProcess;
Remembering has rdfs:comment += <The Class of PsychologicalProcesses which
involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge which was
previously acquired.>;
Removing ismem ClassSet;
Removing iss Transfer;
Removing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where something is taken
away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location are specified
with the CaseRoles patient and origin respectively.>;
Repairing ismem ClassSet;
Repairing iss IntentionalProcess;
Repairing has relatedInternalConcept += Maintaining;
Repairing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent makes a
modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not functioning as
intended so that it works properly.>;
Replication ismem ClassSet;
Replication iss OrganismProcess;
Replication has rdfs:comment += <The Process of biological reproduction. This
can be either a sexual or an asexual process.>;
RepresentationalArtWork ismem ClassSet;
RepresentationalArtWork iss ArtWork;
RepresentationalArtWork iss Icon;
RepresentationalArtWork has rdfs:comment += <Any ArtWork that represents
something Physical.>;
ReproductiveBody ismem ClassSet;
ReproductiveBody iss BodyPart;
ReproductiveBody has rdfs:comment += <Reproductive structure of Organisms.
Consists of an Embryonic Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. Note that
this class includes seeds spores and FruitOrVegetables as well as the eggs
produced by Animals.>;
Reptile ismem ClassSet;
Reptile iss ColdBloodedVertebrate;
Reptile has rdfs:comment += <A ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external covering
of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of Lungs and generally lay
eggs.>;
Requesting ismem ClassSet;
Requesting iss Directing;
Requesting has rdfs:comment += <A request expresses a desire that some future
action be performed. For example the 5th Battalion requested air support from
the 3rd Bomber Group. Note that this class covers proposals recommendations
suggestions etc.>;
Residence ismem ClassSet;
Residence iss StationaryArtifact;
Residence has rdfs:comment += <A Building or part of a Building which provides
some accomodation for sleeping.>;
ResidentialBuilding ismem ClassSet;
ResidentialBuilding iss Building;
ResidentialBuilding iss Residence;
ResidentialBuilding has rdfs:comment += <A Building which provides some
accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just permanent
residences e.g. Houses and condominium and apartment buildings but also
temporary residences e.g. hotels and dormitories. ResidentialBuildings are also
distinguished from CommercialBuildings which are intended to serve an
organizational rather than a residential function.>;
Roadway ismem ClassSet;
Roadway iss LandTransitway;
Roadway has rdfs:comment += <Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways that are
areas intended for surface travel by self-powered wheeled vehicles excluding
those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been at least minimally improved to
enable the passage of vehicles. Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads paved
streets and expressways.>;
Rodent ismem ClassSet;
Rodent iss Mammal;
Rodent has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals with one or two pairs of
incisors for gnawing. Includes rats mice guinea pigs and rabbits.>;
Room ismem ClassSet;
Room iss StationaryArtifact;
Room has disjoint += Building;
Room has rdfs:comment += <A properPart of a Building which is separated from the
exterior of the Building and/or other Rooms of the Building by walls. Some Rooms
may have a specific purpose e.g. sleeping bathing cooking entertainment etc.>;
Running ismem ClassSet;
Running iss Ambulating;
Running has rdfs:comment += <Ambulating relatively quickly i.e. moving in such a
way that with each step neither foot is in contact with the ground for a period
of time.>;
SaltWaterArea ismem ClassSet;
SaltWaterArea iss WaterArea;
SaltWaterArea has disjoint += FreshWaterArea;
SaltWaterArea has rdfs:comment += <A WaterArea whose Water is saline e.g. oceans
and seas.>;
SaturationAttribute ismem ClassSet;
SaturationAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
SaturationAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Attributes that specify in a
qualitative manner the extent of the presence of one kind of Object in another
kind of Object.>;
Saturday ismem ClassSet;
Saturday iss Day;
Saturday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Saturdays.>;
Second ismem ClassSet;
Second iss TimeInterval;
Second has relatedInternalConcept += SecondDuration;
Second has relatedInternalConcept += SecondFn;
Second has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all clock Seconds.>;
SecondDuration ismem ClassSet;
SecondDuration iss TimeDuration;
SecondDuration isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
SecondDuration has rdfs:comment += <SI TimeDuration. Symbol: s. It is one of the
base units in SI and it is currently defined as follows: the SecondDuration is
the duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium
133 atom.>;
Seed ismem ClassSet;
Seed iss ReproductiveBody;
Seed iss PlantAnatomicalStructure;
Seed has rdfs:comment += <The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody
of a FloweringPlant.>;
Seeing ismem ClassSet;
Seeing iss Perception;
Seeing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is
done by an ocular Organ.>;
Selecting ismem ClassSet;
Selecting iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Selecting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities.
Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating.>;
SelfConnectedObject ismem ClassSet;
SelfConnectedObject iss Object;
SelfConnectedObject has rdfs:comment += <A SelfConnectedObject is any Object
that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts.>;
Selling ismem ClassSet;
Selling iss FinancialTransaction;
Selling has rdfs:comment += <A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of
Physical is exchanged for an instance of CurrencyMeasure.>;
Sentence ismem ClassSet;
Sentence iss LinguisticExpression;
Sentence has rdfs:comment += <A syntactically well-formed formula of a Language.
It includes at minimum a predicate and a subject ( which may be explicit or
implicit ) and it expresses a Proposition.>;
SentientAgent ismem ClassSet;
SentientAgent iss Agent;
SentientAgent has rdfs:comment += <An Agent that has rights but may or may not
have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are present then
the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. Domesticated animals are an
example of SentientAgents that are not also CognitiveAgents.>;
Separating ismem ClassSet;
Separating iss DualObjectProcess;
Separating has disjoint += Combining;
Separating has rdfs:comment += <A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is
separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different from
Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not being
connected. Note too that Separating is different from Removing in that one or
both of the two things which are separated may or may not be moved from the
location where they were separated.>;
September ismem ClassSet;
September iss Month;
September has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are September.>;
SequenceFunction ismem ClassSet;
SequenceFunction iss OneToOneFunction;
SequenceFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of OneToOneFunctions whose range
is a subclass of the PositiveIntegers.>;
Series ismem ClassSet;
Series iss Text;
Series has rdfs:comment += <A Text consisting of multiple self-contained units.
Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes a television
series made up of many episodes a film serial etc.>;
Set ismem ClassSet;
Set iss SetOrClass;
Set has rdfs:comment += <A SetOrClass that satisfies extensionality as well as
other constraints specified by some choice of set theory. Sets differ from
Classes in two important respects. First Sets are extensional - two Sets with
the same elements are identical. Second a Set can be an arbitrary stock of
objects. That is there is no requirement that Sets have an associated condition
that determines their membership. Note that Sets are not assumed to be unique
sets i.e. elements of a Set may occur more than once in the Set.>;
SetOrClass ismem ClassSet;
SetOrClass iss Abstract;
SetOrClass has rdfs:comment += <The SetOrClass of Sets and Classes i.e. any
instance of Abstract that has elements or instances.>;
SexAttribute ismem ClassSet;
SexAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
SexAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate the sex of an
Organism.>;
SexualReproduction ismem ClassSet;
SexualReproduction iss Replication;
SexualReproduction has disjoint += AsexualReproduction;
SexualReproduction has rdfs:comment += <Sexual Processes of biological
reproduction.>;
ShapeAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ShapeAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
ShapeAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Any Attribute that relates to the shape of
an Object.>;
ShapeChange ismem ClassSet;
ShapeChange iss InternalChange;
ShapeChange has rdfs:comment += <The Process of changing the shape of an
Object.>;
Shooting ismem ClassSet;
Shooting iss Impelling;
Shooting has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Impelling where the patient is a
projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of Device.>;
ShoreArea ismem ClassSet;
ShoreArea iss LandArea;
ShoreArea has rdfs:comment += <A ShoreArea is a LandArea approximately 1-3 km
wide bordering a body of water such as an ocean bay river or lake. A ShoreArea
may comprise a variety of LandForms such as dunes sloughs and marshes.>;
Singing ismem ClassSet;
Singing iss Speaking;
Singing iss Music;
Singing has rdfs:comment += <Speaking that is also Music.>;
SingleFamilyResidence ismem ClassSet;
SingleFamilyResidence iss PermanentResidence;
SingleFamilyResidence has rdfs:comment += <A PermanentResidence which is
intended to be the home of a single SocialUnit. This class covers Houses
ApartmentUnits and CondominiumUnits.>;
SingleValuedRelation ismem ClassSet;
SingleValuedRelation iss Relation;
SingleValuedRelation isu InheritableRelation;
SingleValuedRelation has rdfs:comment += <A Relation is a SingleValuedRelation
just in case an assignment of values to every argument position except the last
one determines at most one assignment for the last argument position. Note that
not all SingleValuedRelations are TotalValuedRelations.>;
Smelling ismem ClassSet;
Smelling iss Perception;
Smelling has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is
done by an olefactory Organ.>;
Smoke ismem ClassSet;
Smoke iss Cloud;
Smoke has rdfs:comment += <A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that
is produced by Combustion.>;
SocialInteraction ismem ClassSet;
SocialInteraction iss IntentionalProcess;
SocialInteraction has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of IntentionalProcess that

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