Here are my initial thoughts on improving SUMO.

1. Make extensive use of genus-differentia definitions.
If you don't want to use mKR, at least use the OWL
approximation to a genus-differentia definition.

2. Consider using mKR context theory for word-sense
disambiguation.  I don't yet understand what theory you
are using now.
Note that whenever a concept has more than one genus,
it means that you have merged two or more word-senses/
definitions/contexts into a single hierarchy.

3. Consider using tabula rasa for the very top of your hierarchy.
begin hierarchy tabula rasa;
existent;
/    group;    # Abstract Entity
/    entity;    # Physical Entity
/    characteristic;    # Property
//        part;             # single entity, separable, not space, not time
//        attribute;       # single entity, not separable, not space, not
time
//        action;           # single entity, not separable, space, time
//        relation;         # multiple entity, not space, not time
//        interaction;    # multiple entity, space, time
/    proposition;
end hierarchy tabula rasa;

What I like most about tabula rasa is
focus on entities and their characteristics (like entity-relation models)
clear definition of the different types of characteristics
focus on propositions

P.S.
I am concerned about the conflict between  the mKR definition

     proposition ::  at context { sentence };

and the SUMO definition

     Sentence refers Proposition;  # sentence means proposition;

Maybe you can help me resolve this?
I have trouble in this area.
Because of the "semantax" of mKR,
I intuitively treat a sentence like a proposition.

What name should we use for  context + sentence?
Can mKR be the official "proposition language"?

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

Did you know that OWL has a "genus-differentia" definition that is almost
correct?
(using mKR translation of OWL)

mKR:   subject  is  genus  with  differentia;

OWL:  subject  isand  genus,  differentia;

OWL creates a differentia class, using owl:Restriction applied to owl:Thing,
and intersects it with genus class.


Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

I got this Java implementation of a web server up & running
on my Windows Vista laptop in about an hour.

I only had one problem  http://rhmlaptop/  didn't work.
If I had read the documentation first, I would have discovered
that Tomcat uses a special port http://rhmlaptop:8080/

I will be using Tomcat to run the
     Sigma Knowledge Engineering Environment
used to build the IEEE SUMO knowledge base.

It only took a few minutes to install Sigma on my laptop.
But I don't know anything about Sigma, so I'm going
to take a day off, and read the Sigma User Guide.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

By definition
     action is characteristic with single entity, space, time;
     interaction is characteristic with multiple entity, space, time;

Syntactically
     any entity do action pplist done;
     some entity ido interaction pplist done;

From the earliest days, mKR included one important interaction,
"causality", but with a different format.
     { proposition list } causes {proposition list };

The mKR Genealogy application has several interactions
     two entity ido marry done;
     two entity ido divorce done;

Games are another common form of interaction.
     two entity ido play od chess done;
     four entity ido play od bridge done;

You are invited to share your own examples with KR-language.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

I have added two items to the "File" menu, so you can switch back and forth
between the Input menu and the Concept menu.  You can see the details of
both menus, and two screen shots at
     http://mKRmKE.org/help/mke_input_menu.icn
     http://mKRmKE.org/help/mke_input_menu.jpg
     http://mKRmKE.org/help/mke_concept_menu.icn
     http://mKRmKE.org/help/mke_concept_menu.jpg

The last screen shot shows the results of the following operations
     File > Open > http://mKRmKE.org/kb/person.mkr
     Concept > Change Concept > person
     Units > ...
     Concept > Change Concept > Dick McCullough
     Characteristic > Attribute
     Concept > Change Concept > Pauline Neal
     Characteristic > Action

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

I have decided that I will add some KIF features, if necessary.
As I said before, my main concern will be preserving the
English-like flavor of mKR.

I think mKR has "iff" and "implies".
It's been so long since I've used it, I'm not sure if it still works.

mKR can also do a "brute force emulation" of "forall" using "every".


I have also decided that I will investigate whether mKR/mKE
can become an "inference engine" by adopting the goal-directed
behavior of the Unicon language.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

My proof reading was not too good this morning.

Insert "existent;" at beginning of tabula rasa.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

I now have a good perspective on the relation between the hierarchies.

1. SUMO is a good ontology.
begin hierarchy sumo;
Entity;
/    Abstract;
/    Physical;
end hierarchy sumo;

2. for epistemology, we want to focus on
primary existents = physical entities
characteristics (properties) of primary existents
propositions which relate existents and characteristics
-------
move characteristic & proposition from Abstract to existent
rename Entity to existent, Abstract to abstract
begin hierarchy epistemology;
existent;
/    abstract;
/    Physical;
/    characteristic;
/    proposition;
end hierarchy epistemology;

3. for tabula rasa, we identify fundamental types of characteristics
---------
add types
rename abstract to group, Physical to entity
begin hierarchy tabula rasa;
/    group;    # abstract entity
/    entity;    # physical entity
/    characteristic;    # property
//        part;
//        attribute;
//        relation;
//        action;
//        interaction;
/    proposition;
end hierarchy tabula rasa;

4. the genus-differentia definitions of the types are
part is characteristic with single entity, separable, not space, not time;
attribute is characteristic with single entity, not separable, not space,
not time;
relation is characteristic with multiple entity, not space, not time;
action is characteristic with single entity, space, time;
interaction is characteristic with multiple entity, space, time;

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

As I roam thru the SUMO hierarchy (using mKE), I am pleased with what I see.
Most of the terms seem familiar -- not too far from ordinary English.

I want to look at concepts which are related to Semiotics.
Your semiotics terms seem like they may be a little easier to understand
than others I have seen.  Peirce's terms are so far removed from ordinary
English that I have no intuitive sense of their meanings.

I have been putting off correlating the terms to mKR hierarchy.
I won't be comfortable with SUMO hierarchy until I do that.

Re: use of SUMO as an alternative to OpenCyc.
Does that mean you will have a separate (copy of) hierarchy with instances?

I just noticed the reference to KSMSA system.  I'll have a look at that.
I'm curious to see how it compares to mKE and OpenCyc Concept Browser.

I don't know if you realize what I put on my website & in my download file.
I have a copy of SUMO.owl.txt and SUMO.mkr.txt.

Would you like to include SUMO.mkr.txt in your translations directory?
I can't access the translations directory, so I don't know what else you
have there.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

Here's what I'm using as the starting point for SUMO (3 levels)
     http://mKRmKE.org/kb/spo.sumo.html
My best guess so far is that you consider the "comment" attribute
to be the definition of each concept.

Here's the starting point for mKR (2 levels)
     http://mKRmKE.org/kb/TabulaRasa.ho
I have genus-differentia definitions for everything, included in
     http://mKRmKE.org/kb/tabrasa.def
     http://mKRmKE.org/kb/ke.def

I have a rough idea of which tabula rasa concept maps to which
SUMO concept, but I need to do more checking.  It took a while
before I got down far enough in SUMO to find out that a person
is called a Human.

If you get to using mKE, this question
     concept isc**N ?;
prints N levels of the concept subhierarchy.
One of the  most sophisticated commands of mKE is
     hdo action from concept with path done;
which walks the hierarchy performing the action
at each concept it traverses.  path options include
"alpha", which is a linear alphabetical list of all
concepts.

I also recommend
     http://mKRmKE.org/help/mkrDictionary.txt
     http://mKRmKE.org/help/mkeQuickReference.txt
which list mKR built-in words, and mKE built-in
commands and attributes (options).

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

I've made a lot of changes to mKRmKE.org/ in the last few days.
The most significant changes are
new section: "What is context?" -- definition of context in mKR
new section: "Why did I invent mKR?"  --  proposed Wikipedia article
new knowledge: knowledge/sumo -- IEEE upper ontology

Remember that most of the knowledge (including sumo) is in the
download file knowledge.zip.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

I downloaded SUMO.owl.txt and ran
     owl2mkr SUMO.owl.txt SUMO.mkr.txt
result is attached.
I'll be using mKE to explore the SUMO hierarchy.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

AbnormalAnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
AbnormalAnatomicalStructure iss AnatomicalStructure;
AbnormalAnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <Any AnatomicalStructure which
is not normally found in the Organism of which it is a part i.e. it is the
result of a PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors birth marks goiters
etc.>;
Abstract ismem ClassSet;
Abstract iss Entity;
Abstract has rdfs:comment += <Properties or qualities as distinguished from any
particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium.
Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical
objects such as sets and relations but they cannot exist at a particular place
and time without some physical encoding or embodiment.>;
Adjective ismem ClassSet;
Adjective iss Word;
Adjective has rdfs:comment += <One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words
that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects.>;
Adverb ismem ClassSet;
Adverb iss Word;
Adverb has rdfs:comment += <One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that
conventionally denote Attributes of Processes.>;
AgeGroup ismem ClassSet;
AgeGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
AgeGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members all have the same
age.>;
Agent ismem ClassSet;
Agent iss Object;
Agent has rdfs:comment += <Something or someone that can act on its own and
produce changes in the world.>;
Air ismem ClassSet;
Air iss GasMixture;
Air has rdfs:comment += <Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the atmosphere
surrounding Earth.>;
AlethicAttribute ismem ClassSet;
AlethicAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
AlethicAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing all of the Attributes
relating to the notions of possibility and necessity.>;
Alga ismem ClassSet;
Alga iss NonFloweringPlant;
Alga has rdfs:comment += <A chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll but
does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue.>;
Ambulating ismem ClassSet;
Ambulating iss BodyMotion;
Ambulating iss Translocation;
Ambulating has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyMotion which is accomplished by means of
the legs of an Animal for the purpose of moving from one point to another.>;
Amphibian ismem ClassSet;
Amphibian iss ColdBloodedVertebrate;
Amphibian has rdfs:comment += <A cold-blooded smooth-skinned Vertebrate which
characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva breathing by gills. When mature
the Amphibian breathes with Lungs.>;
AnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
AnatomicalStructure iss OrganicObject;
AnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <A normal or pathological part of the
anatomy or structural organization of an Organism. This class covers BodyParts
as well as structures that are given off by Organisms e.g. ReproductiveBodies.>;
AngleMeasure ismem ClassSet;
AngleMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
AngleMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The value of an angle in a plane or in a
solid.>;
AngularDegree ismem ClassSet;
AngularDegree iss PlaneAngleMeasure;
AngularDegree isu UnitOfMeasure;
AngularDegree has rdfs:comment += <A plane angle measure.>;
AnimacyAttribute ismem ClassSet;
AnimacyAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
AnimacyAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate whether an
Organism is alive or not.>;
Animal ismem ClassSet;
Animal iss Organism;
Animal has rdfs:comment += <An Organism with eukaryotic Cells and lacking stiff
cell walls plastids and photosynthetic pigments.>;
AnimalAnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
AnimalAnatomicalStructure iss AnatomicalStructure;
AnimalAnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <AnatomicalStructures that are
possessed exclusively by Animals.>;
AnimalLanguage ismem ClassSet;
AnimalLanguage iss Language;
AnimalLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Languages used by Animals
other than Humans.>;
AnimalSubstance ismem ClassSet;
AnimalSubstance iss BodySubstance;
AnimalSubstance has rdfs:comment += <BodySubstances that are produced
exclusively by Animals.>;
AntisymmetricRelation ismem ClassSet;
AntisymmetricRelation iss BinaryRelation;
AntisymmetricRelation has rdfs:comment += <BinaryRelation ?REL is an
AntisymmetricRelation if for distinct ?INST1 and ?INST2 ( ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2 )
implies not (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) . In other words for all ?INST1 and ?INST2
(?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) imply that ?INST1 and ?INST2 are
identical. Note that it is possible for an AntisymmetricRelation to be a
ReflexiveRelation.>;
Ape ismem ClassSet;
Ape iss Primate;
Ape has rdfs:comment += <Various Primates with no tails or only short tails.>;
April ismem ClassSet;
April iss Month;
April has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are April.>;
AquaticMammal ismem ClassSet;
AquaticMammal iss Mammal;
AquaticMammal has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals that dwell chiefly in
the water. Includes whales dolphins manatees seals and walruses.>;
Arachnid ismem ClassSet;
Arachnid iss Arthropod;
Arachnid has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Arthropods that includes ticks and
spiders.>;
AreaMeasure ismem ClassSet;
AreaMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
AreaMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Measures of the amount of space in two
dimensions.>;
Argument ismem ClassSet;
Argument iss Proposition;
Argument has rdfs:comment += <Any proposition which has the form of a deductive
or inductive argument i.e. a set of premises which it is claimed imply a
conclusion.>;
ArtWork ismem ClassSet;
ArtWork iss Artifact;
ArtWork has rdfs:comment += <Artifacts that are created primarily for aesthetic
appreciation. Note that this Class does not include most examples of
architecture which belong under StationaryArtifact.>;
Arthropod ismem ClassSet;
Arthropod iss Invertebrate;
Arthropod has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Invertebrate that includes Arachnids
and Insects.>;
Article ismem ClassSet;
Article iss Text;
Article has disjoint += Book;
Article has rdfs:comment += <A relatively short Text that either is unbound or
is bound with other Articles in a Book.>;
Artifact ismem ClassSet;
Artifact iss CorpuscularObject;
Artifact has rdfs:comment += <A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a
Making.>;
ArtificialLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ArtificialLanguage iss Language;
ArtificialLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Languages that are
designed by Humans.>;
AsexualReproduction ismem ClassSet;
AsexualReproduction iss Replication;
AsexualReproduction has rdfs:comment += <Asexual Processes of biological
reproduction.>;
AssociativeFunction ismem ClassSet;
AssociativeFunction iss BinaryFunction;
AssociativeFunction has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryFunction is associative if
bracketing has no effect on the value returned by the Function. More precisely a
Function ?FUNCTION is associative just in case (?FUNCTION ?INST1 (?FUNCTION
?INST2 ?INST3) ) is equal to (?FUNCTION (?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) ?INST3 ) for
all ?INST1 ?INST2 and ?INST3.>;
AstronomicalBody ismem ClassSet;
AstronomicalBody iss Region;
AstronomicalBody has disjoint += GeographicArea;
AstronomicalBody has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all astronomical objects of
significant size. It includes SelfConnectedObjects like planets stars and
asteroids as well as Collections like nebulae galaxies and constellations. Note
that the planet Earth is an AstronomicalBody but every Region of Earth is a
GeographicArea.>;
AsymmetricRelation ismem ClassSet;
AsymmetricRelation iss IrreflexiveRelation;
AsymmetricRelation iss AntisymmetricRelation;
AsymmetricRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is asymmetric only if
it is both an AntisymmetricRelation and an IrreflexiveRelation.>;
Atom ismem ClassSet;
Atom iss ElementalSubstance;
Atom has rdfs:comment += <An extremely small unit of matter that retains its
identity in Chemical reactions. It consists of an AtomicNucleus and Electrons
surrounding the AtomicNucleus.>;
AtomicNucleus ismem ClassSet;
AtomicNucleus iss SubatomicParticle;
AtomicNucleus has rdfs:comment += <The core of the Atom. It is composed of
Protons and Neutrons.>;
Attaching ismem ClassSet;
Attaching iss DualObjectProcess;
Attaching has disjoint += Detaching;
Attaching has relatedInternalConcept += Putting;
Attaching has rdfs:comment += <A Process where one Object becomes attached to
another Object. Note that this differs from Putting in that two things which are
attached may already be in the same location. Note that Combining is different
from Attaching in that the former applies to Substances while the latter applies
to CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Attaching is different from Putting in that
one or both of the two things which are attached may or may not be moved from
the location where they were combined.>;
AttachingDevice ismem ClassSet;
AttachingDevice iss Device;
AttachingDevice has rdfs:comment += <A Device whose purpose is to attach one
thing to something else e.g. nails screws buttons etc.>;
Attack ismem ClassSet;
Attack iss Maneuver;
Attack has rdfs:comment += <A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the agent
attempts to inflict damage on the patient.>;
Attribute ismem ClassSet;
Attribute iss Abstract;
Attribute has rdfs:comment += <Qualities which we cannot or choose not to reify
into subclasses of Object.>;
August ismem ClassSet;
August iss Month;
August has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are August.>;
AutonomicProcess ismem ClassSet;
AutonomicProcess iss PhysiologicProcess;
AutonomicProcess has disjoint += IntentionalProcess;
AutonomicProcess has rdfs:comment += <The class of PhysiologicProcesses of which
there is not conscious awareness and control.>;
Bacterium ismem ClassSet;
Bacterium iss Microorganism;
Bacterium has rdfs:comment += <A small typically one-celled prokaryotic
Microorganism.>;
Battle ismem ClassSet;
Battle iss ViolentContest;
Battle has rdfs:comment += <A ViolentContest between two or more military units
within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the metaphorical
sense of 'battle' which simply means a struggle of some sort. This sense should
be represented with the more general concept of Contest.>;
BeliefGroup ismem ClassSet;
BeliefGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
BeliefGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief or
set of beliefs.>;
Betting ismem ClassSet;
Betting iss FinancialTransaction;
Betting has rdfs:comment += <A FinancialTransaction where an instance of
CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for the possibility of winning a larger instance of
CurrencyMeasure within the context of some sort of Game.>;
Beverage ismem ClassSet;
Beverage iss Food;
Beverage has rdfs:comment += <Any Food that is ingested by Drinking. Note that
this class is disjoint with the other subclasses of Food i.e. Meat and
FruitOrVegetable.>;
BinaryFunction ismem ClassSet;
BinaryFunction iss Function;
BinaryFunction iss TernaryRelation;
BinaryFunction isu InheritableRelation;
BinaryFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Functions that require two
arguments.>;
BinaryNumber ismem ClassSet;
BinaryNumber iss RealNumber;
BinaryNumber has rdfs:comment += <Elements from the number system with base 2.
Every BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0.>;
BinaryPredicate ismem ClassSet;
BinaryPredicate iss Predicate;
BinaryPredicate iss BinaryRelation;
BinaryPredicate isu InheritableRelation;
BinaryPredicate has rdfs:comment += <A Predicate relating two items - its
valence is two.>;
BinaryRelation ismem ClassSet;
BinaryRelation iss Relation;
BinaryRelation isu InheritableRelation;
BinaryRelation has rdfs:comment += <BinaryRelations are relations that are true
only of pairs of things. BinaryRelations are represented as slots in frame
systems.>;
BiologicalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
BiologicalAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
BiologicalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that apply specifically to
instances of Organism.>;
BiologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
BiologicalProcess iss InternalChange;
BiologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A Process embodied in an Organism.>;
BiologicallyActiveSubstance ismem ClassSet;
BiologicallyActiveSubstance iss Substance;
BiologicallyActiveSubstance has rdfs:comment += <A Substance that is capable of
inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an Organism. This Class
includes Substances used in the treatment diagnosis prevention or analysis of
normal and abnormal body function. This Class also includes Substances that
occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. Finally
BiologicallyActiveSubstance includes Nutrients most drugs of abuse and agents
that require special handling because of their toxicity.>;
Bird ismem ClassSet;
Bird iss WarmBloodedVertebrate;
Bird has disjoint += Mammal;
Bird has rdfs:comment += <A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and
characterized by the presence of feathers.>;
Birth ismem ClassSet;
Birth iss OrganismProcess;
Birth has rdfs:comment += <The Process of being born.>;
Bit ismem ClassSet;
Bit iss InformationMeasure;
Bit isu UnitOfMeasure;
Bit has rdfs:comment += <One Bit of information. A one or a zero.>;
Blood ismem ClassSet;
Blood iss BodySubstance;
Blood has rdfs:comment += <A fluid present in Animals that transports Nutrients
to and waste products away from various BodyParts.>;
BodyCavity ismem ClassSet;
BodyCavity iss BodyPart;
BodyCavity has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyPart which contains an unfilled space
e.g. BodyVessels the atria and ventricles of the heart the lungs etc.>;
BodyCovering ismem ClassSet;
BodyCovering iss BodyPart;
BodyCovering has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyPart which is a covering of another
BodyPart or of an entire Organism. This would include the rinds of
FruitOrVegetables and the skins of Animals.>;
BodyJunction ismem ClassSet;
BodyJunction iss BodyPart;
BodyJunction has rdfs:comment += <The place where two BodyParts meet or
connect.>;
BodyMotion ismem ClassSet;
BodyMotion iss Motion;
BodyMotion has rdfs:comment += <Any Motion where the agent is an Organism and
the patient is a BodyPart.>;
BodyPart ismem ClassSet;
BodyPart iss AnatomicalStructure;
BodyPart has rdfs:comment += <A collection of Cells and Tissues which are
localized to a specific area of an Organism and which are not pathological. The
instances of this Class range from gross structures to small components of
complex Organs.>;
BodyPosition ismem ClassSet;
BodyPosition iss BiologicalAttribute;
BodyPosition has rdfs:comment += <The class of Attributes expressing
configurations of bodies or parts of bodies of animals or humans e.g. standing
sitting kneeling lying down etc.>;
BodySubstance ismem ClassSet;
BodySubstance iss Mixture;
BodySubstance has rdfs:comment += <Extracellular material and mixtures of cells
and extracellular material that are produced excreted or accreted by an
Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva dental enamel sweat and
gastric acid.>;
BodyVessel ismem ClassSet;
BodyVessel iss BodyCavity;
BodyVessel has rdfs:comment += <Any tube-like structure which occurs naturally
in an Organism and through which a BodySubstance can circulate.>;
Boiling ismem ClassSet;
Boiling iss StateChange;
Boiling has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is heated
and converted from a Liquid to a Gas.>;
Bone ismem ClassSet;
Bone iss Tissue;
Bone iss AnimalSubstance;
Bone has rdfs:comment += <Rigid Tissue composed largely of calcium that makes up
the skeleton of Vertebrates. Note that this Class also includes teeth.>;
Book ismem ClassSet;
Book iss Text;
Book has rdfs:comment += <A Text that has pages and is bound.>;
Borrowing ismem ClassSet;
Borrowing iss Getting;
Borrowing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Getting Processes where the agent
gets something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be
returned later (perhaps with interest) .>;
Breathing ismem ClassSet;
Breathing iss OrganismProcess;
Breathing iss AutonomicProcess;
Breathing has rdfs:comment += <The Process of respiration by which oxygen is
made available to an Animal. This covers processes of inhalation exhalation and
alternations between the two.>;
BritishThermalUnit ismem ClassSet;
BritishThermalUnit iss FunctionQuantity;
BritishThermalUnit isu UnitOfMeasure;
BritishThermalUnit has rdfs:comment += <An energy measure.>;
Building ismem ClassSet;
Building iss StationaryArtifact;
Building has rdfs:comment += <The Class of StationaryArtifacts which are
intended to house Humans and their activities.>;
Buying ismem ClassSet;
Buying iss FinancialTransaction;
Buying has relatedInternalConcept += Selling;
Buying has rdfs:comment += <A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of
CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for an instance of Physical.>;
Byte ismem ClassSet;
Byte iss InformationMeasure;
Byte isu UnitOfMeasure;
Byte has rdfs:comment += <One Byte of information. A Byte is eight Bits.>;
Calculating ismem ClassSet;
Calculating iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Calculating has rdfs:comment += <IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve
the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity.>;
Calorie ismem ClassSet;
Calorie iss FunctionQuantity;
Calorie isu UnitOfMeasure;
Calorie has rdfs:comment += <A Calorie is an energy measure.>;
Canine ismem ClassSet;
Canine iss Carnivore;
Canine has disjoint += Feline;
Canine has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Carnivores with completely separable
toes nonretractable claws and long muzzles.>;
Carbohydrate ismem ClassSet;
Carbohydrate iss Nutrient;
Carbohydrate has rdfs:comment += <An element of living cells and a source of
energy for Animals. This class includes both simple Carbohydrates i.e. sugars
and complex Carbohydrates i.e. starches.>;
Carnivore ismem ClassSet;
Carnivore iss Mammal;
Carnivore has rdfs:comment += <The Class of flesh-eating Mammals. Members of
this Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes cats dogs
bears racoons and skunks.>;
Carrying ismem ClassSet;
Carrying iss Transfer;
Carrying has rdfs:comment += <Transfer from one point to another by means of an
Animal or Human.>;
CaseRole ismem ClassSet;
CaseRole iss BinaryPredicate;
CaseRole isu InheritableRelation;
CaseRole iss AsymmetricRelation;
CaseRole has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Predicates relating the spatially
distinguished parts of a Process. CaseRoles include for example the agent
patient or destination of an action the flammable substance in a burning process
or the water that falls in rain.>;
Cell ismem ClassSet;
Cell iss BodyPart;
Cell has rdfs:comment += <The fundamental structural and functional unit of
living Organisms.>;
CelsiusDegree ismem ClassSet;
CelsiusDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
CelsiusDegree isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
CelsiusDegree has rdfs:comment += <A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point and
the boiling point of water are respectively 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100
CelsiusDegrees.>;
Centimeter ismem ClassSet;
Centimeter iss LengthMeasure;
Centimeter isu UnitOfMeasure;
Centimeter has rdfs:comment += <Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: cm. It is the
100th part of a Meter>;
Certificate ismem ClassSet;
Certificate iss Text;
Certificate has rdfs:comment += <A Text that confers a right or obligation on
the holder of the Certificate. Note that the right or obligation need not be a
legal one as in the case of an academic diploma that grants certain privileges
in the professional world.>;
ChangeOfPossession ismem ClassSet;
ChangeOfPossession iss SocialInteraction;
ChangeOfPossession has relatedInternalConcept += possesses;
ChangeOfPossession has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where ownership
of something is transferred from one Agent to another.>;
Character ismem ClassSet;
Character iss SymbolicString;
Character has rdfs:comment += <An element of an alphabet a set of numerals etc.
Note that a Character may or may not be part of a Language. Character is a
subclass of SymbolicString because every instance of Character is an
alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element.>;
ChemicalDecomposition ismem ClassSet;
ChemicalDecomposition iss ChemicalProcess;
ChemicalDecomposition iss Separating;
ChemicalDecomposition has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ChemicalProcesses in
which a CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.>;
ChemicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
ChemicalProcess iss InternalChange;
ChemicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A ChemicalProcess occurs whenever chemical
compounds (CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. For example reactants
disappear as chemical change occurs and products appear as chemical change
occurs. In a chemical change a chemical reaction takes place. Catalysts in a
ChemicalProcess may speed up the reaction but aren ' t themselves produced or
consumed. Examples: rusting of iron and the decomposition of water induced by an
electric current to gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen.>;
ChemicalSynthesis ismem ClassSet;
ChemicalSynthesis iss ChemicalProcess;
ChemicalSynthesis iss Combining;
ChemicalSynthesis has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which a
CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants.>;
City ismem ClassSet;
City iss GeopoliticalArea;
City iss LandArea;
City has rdfs:comment += <A LandArea of relatively small size inhabited by a
community of people and having some sort of political structure. Note that this
class includes both large cities and small settlements like towns villages
hamlets etc.>;
Class ismem ClassSet;
Class iss SetOrClass;
Class has rdfs:comment += <Classes differ from Sets in three important respects.
First Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is distinct Classes might
well have exactly the same instances. Second Classes typically have an
associated `condition ' that determines the instances of the Class. So for
example the condition `human ' determines the Class of Humans. Note that some
Classes might satisfy their own condition ( e.g. the Class of Abstract things is
Abstract ) and hence be instances of themselves. Third the instances of a class
may occur only once within the class i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate
instances.>;
Classifying ismem ClassSet;
Classifying iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Classifying has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve attaching a name or category to a thing or set of things. Note
that Classifying is distinguished from Learning by the fact that the latter
covers the acquisition by a CognitiveAgent of any Proposition while the former
involves the assignment of a label or category.>;
ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure iss TwoDimensionalFigure;
ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <Any TwoDimensionalFigure which
has a well defined interior and exterior.>;
Clothing ismem ClassSet;
Clothing iss Artifact;
Clothing has disjoint += StationaryArtifact;
Clothing has rdfs:comment += <Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other
materials that are used to cover the bodies of Humans.>;
Cloud ismem ClassSet;
Cloud iss GasMixture;
Cloud has rdfs:comment += <Any GasMixture that is visible e.g. Smoke produced by
a fire or clouds of water vapor in the sky.>;
CognitiveAgent ismem ClassSet;
CognitiveAgent iss SentientAgent;
CognitiveAgent has rdfs:comment += <A SentientAgent with responsibilities and
the ability to reason deliberate make plans etc. This is essentially the
legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that although Human is a subclass of
CognitiveAgent there may be instances of CognitiveAgent which are not also
instances of Human. For example chimpanzees gorillas dolphins whales and some
extraterrestrials (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents.>;
ColdBloodedVertebrate ismem ClassSet;
ColdBloodedVertebrate iss Vertebrate;
ColdBloodedVertebrate has rdfs:comment += <Vertebrates whose body temperature is
not internally regulated.>;
Collection ismem ClassSet;
Collection iss Object;
Collection has disjoint += SelfConnectedObject;
Collection has rdfs:comment += <Collections have members like Classes but unlike
Classes they have a position in space-time and members can be added and
subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some
examples are toolkits football teams and flocks of sheep.>;
ColorAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ColorAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
ColorAttribute has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Attributes relating to the
color of Objects.>;
Coloring ismem ClassSet;
Coloring iss SurfaceChange;
Coloring has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of SurfaceChange where a
ColorAttribute of the patient is altered.>;
Combining ismem ClassSet;
Combining iss DualObjectProcess;
Combining has rdfs:comment += <A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects
are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining is
different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects being
part of the other while Attaching only results in the two objects being
connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different from Putting in
that one or both of the two things which are combined may or may not be moved
from the location where they were combined.>;
Combustion ismem ClassSet;
Combustion iss ChemicalDecomposition;
Combustion has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which an
Object reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all Processes in
which something is burning.>;
CommercialAgent ismem ClassSet;
CommercialAgent iss Agent;
CommercialAgent has rdfs:comment += <An Agent that provides products and/or
services for a fee with the aim of making a profit.>;
CommercialService ismem ClassSet;
CommercialService iss FinancialTransaction;
CommercialService has rdfs:comment += <Any FinancialTransaction by a
CommercialAgent where the aim is to produce a profit.>;
Committing ismem ClassSet;
Committing iss LinguisticCommunication;
Committing has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class commit the agent to some
future course. For example Bob promised Susan that he would be home by 11pm.>;
Communication ismem ClassSet;
Communication iss SocialInteraction;
Communication has relatedInternalConcept += ContentDevelopment;
Communication has rdfs:comment += <A SocialInteraction that involves the
transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. Note that
Communication is closely related to but essentially different from
ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation or modification of a
ContentBearingObject while Communication is the transfer of information for the
purpose of conveying a message.>;
CommutativeFunction ismem ClassSet;
CommutativeFunction iss BinaryFunction;
CommutativeFunction has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryFunction is commutative if the
ordering of the arguments of the function has no effect on the value returned by
the function. More precisely a function ?FUNCTION is commutative just in case
(?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) is equal to ( ?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST1 ) for all ?INST1
and ?INST2.>;
Comparing ismem ClassSet;
Comparing iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Comparing iss DualObjectProcess;
Comparing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve comparing relating contrasting etc. the properties of two or more
Entities.>;
ComplexNumber ismem ClassSet;
ComplexNumber iss Number;
ComplexNumber has disjoint += RealNumber;
ComplexNumber has rdfs:comment += <A Number that has the form: x + yi where x
and y are RealNumbers and i is the square root of -1.>;
CompoundSubstance ismem ClassSet;
CompoundSubstance iss PureSubstance;
CompoundSubstance has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Substances that contain two
or more elements (ElementalSubstances) in definite proportion by weight. The
composition of a pure compound will be invariant regardless of the method of
preparation. Compounds are composed of more than one kind of atom (element) .
The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still
retains all of the properties of the compound. Examples: Table salt ( sodium
chloride NaCl ) sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}) and water (H_2O) .>;
ComputerLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ComputerLanguage iss ArtificialLanguage;
ComputerLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The class of Languages designed for and
interpreted by a computer.>;
ComputerProgram ismem ClassSet;
ComputerProgram iss Procedure;
ComputerProgram has rdfs:comment += <A set of instructions in a computer
programming language that can be executed by a computer.>;
Condensing ismem ClassSet;
Condensing iss StateChange;
Condensing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is cooled
and converted from a Gas to a Liquid.>;
Confining ismem ClassSet;
Confining iss Keeping;
Confining has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Keeping Processes where the patient
is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers caging
imprisonment jailing etc.>;
ConsciousnessAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ConsciousnessAttribute iss StateOfMind;
ConsciousnessAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate whether an
Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of an
Organism.>;
ConstantQuantity ismem ClassSet;
ConstantQuantity iss PhysicalQuantity;
ConstantQuantity has rdfs:comment += <A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity
which has a constant value e.g. 3 meters and 5 hours. The magnitude (see
MagnitudeFn) of every ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantities are
distinguished from FunctionQuantities which map ConstantQuantities to other
ConstantQuantities. All ConstantQuantites are expressed with the BinaryFunction
MeasureFn which takes a Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example 3
Meters can be expressed as ( MeasureFn 3 Meter ) . ConstantQuantities form a
partial order ( see PartialOrderingRelation ) with the lessThan relation since
lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is defined over the
RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a total order ( see
TotalOrderingRelation ) over the class ConstantQuantity since elements of some
subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to
elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities) .>;
ConstructedLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ConstructedLanguage iss HumanLanguage;
ConstructedLanguage iss ArtificialLanguage;
ConstructedLanguage has rdfs:comment += <An ConstructedLanguage is a
HumanLanguage that did not evolve spontaneously within a language community but
rather had its core grammar and vocabulary invented by one or more language
experts often with an aim to produce a more grammatically regular language than
any language that has evolved naturally. This Class includes languages like
Esperanto that were created to facilitate international communication>;
Constructing ismem ClassSet;
Constructing iss Making;
Constructing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Making in which a
StationaryArtifact is built.>;
ContentBearingObject ismem ClassSet;
ContentBearingObject iss CorpuscularObject;
ContentBearingObject has relatedInternalConcept += containsInformation;
ContentBearingObject has rdfs:comment += <Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses
content. This content may be a Proposition e.g. when the ContentBearingObject is
a Sentence or Text or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical
object as with an Icon a Word or a Phrase.>;
ContentDevelopment ismem ClassSet;
ContentDevelopment iss IntentionalProcess;
ContentDevelopment has rdfs:comment += <A subclass of IntentionalProcess in
which content is modified its form is altered or it is created anew.>;
Contest ismem ClassSet;
Contest iss SocialInteraction;
Contest has rdfs:comment += <A SocialInteraction where the agent and patient are
CognitiveAgents who are trying to defeat one another. Note that this concept is
often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural language when we speak e.g. of
the struggle of plants for space or sunlight or of bacteria for food resources
in some environment.>;
ContestAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ContestAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
ContestAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing Attributes that are
specific to participants in a Contest. In particular these Attributes indicate
the position of one of the agents in the Contest with respect to other agent (s)
in the Contest. Some examples of these Attributes are winning losing won lost
etc.>;
Continent ismem ClassSet;
Continent iss LandArea;
Continent has rdfs:comment += <One of the seven largest land masses on earth
viz. Africa North America South America Antarctica Europe Asia and Oceania. Note
that this naming scheme is the one used in the CIA World Factbook.>;
ContinuousFunction ismem ClassSet;
ContinuousFunction iss Function;
ContinuousFunction has rdfs:comment += <Functions which are continuous. This
concept is taken as primitive until representations for limits are devised.>;
Cooking ismem ClassSet;
Cooking iss Making;
Cooking has rdfs:comment += <The Making of an instance of Food. Note that this
can cover any preparation of Food e.g. making a salad cutting up fruit etc. It
does not necessarily involve the application of heat.>;
Cooling ismem ClassSet;
Cooling iss Decreasing;
Cooling has rdfs:comment += <Any Decreasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity
decreased is a TemperatureMeasure.>;
Cooperation ismem ClassSet;
Cooperation iss SocialInteraction;
Cooperation has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of SocialInteraction where the
participants involved work together for the achievement of a common goal.>;
Corporation ismem ClassSet;
Corporation iss CommercialAgent;
Corporation iss Organization;
Corporation has rdfs:comment += <An Organization that has a special legal status
that allows a group of persons to act as a CommercialAgent and that insulates
the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the
corporation ' s operation.>;
CorpuscularObject ismem ClassSet;
CorpuscularObject iss SelfConnectedObject;
CorpuscularObject has disjoint += Substance;
CorpuscularObject has rdfs:comment += <A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have
properties that are not shared by the whole.>;
Counting ismem ClassSet;
Counting iss Calculating;
Counting has rdfs:comment += <Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating
Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the
patient.>;
Covering ismem ClassSet;
Covering iss Putting;
Covering has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Putting processes where the agent
covers the patient either completely or only partially with something else.>;
Creation ismem ClassSet;
Creation iss InternalChange;
Creation has relatedInternalConcept += Destruction;
Creation has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Process in which something is
created. Note that the thing created is specified with the result CaseRole.>;
Crustacean ismem ClassSet;
Crustacean iss Arthropod;
Crustacean has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Arthropods that mainly dwells in
water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes lobsters
crabs shrimp and barnacles.>;
Cup ismem ClassSet;
Cup iss VolumeMeasure;
Cup isu UnitOfMeasure;
Cup has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Pint.>;
Currency ismem ClassSet;
Currency iss FinancialInstrument;
Currency has rdfs:comment += <Any element of the official currrency of some
Nation. This covers both CurrencyBills and CurrencyCoins.>;
CurrencyBill ismem ClassSet;
CurrencyBill iss Currency;
CurrencyBill has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Currency that is made of
paper.>;
CurrencyCoin ismem ClassSet;
CurrencyCoin iss Currency;
CurrencyCoin has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Currency that is made of
Metal.>;
CurrencyMeasure ismem ClassSet;
CurrencyMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
CurrencyMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Includes all standard measures of monetary
value including UnitedStatesDollar UnitedStatesCent Lire Yen etc.>;
Cutting ismem ClassSet;
Cutting iss Poking;
Cutting has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Poking Processes which involve a
sharp instrument.>;
Damaging ismem ClassSet;
Damaging iss InternalChange;
Damaging has disjoint += Repairing;
Damaging has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent brings
about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally or as
intended.>;
Day ismem ClassSet;
Day iss TimeInterval;
Day has relatedInternalConcept += DayFn;
Day has relatedInternalConcept += DayDuration;
Day has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Days.>;
DayDuration ismem ClassSet;
DayDuration iss TimeDuration;
DayDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
DayDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours.>;
Death ismem ClassSet;
Death iss OrganismProcess;
Death has rdfs:comment += <The Process of dying.>;
December ismem ClassSet;
December iss Month;
December has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are December.>;
Deciding ismem ClassSet;
Deciding iss Selecting;
Deciding has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts for
one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities that are open to
him/her.>;
Declaring ismem ClassSet;
Declaring iss LinguisticCommunication;
Declaring has rdfs:comment += <The Class of LinguisticCommunications that effect
an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. Some examples
are nominating marrying and excommunicating.>;
Decoding ismem ClassSet;
Decoding iss Writing;
Decoding has disjoint += Encoding;
Decoding has rdfs:comment += <Converting a document or message that has
previously been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by
a relatively large number of speakers.>;
Decreasing ismem ClassSet;
Decreasing iss QuantityChange;
Decreasing has relatedInternalConcept += Removing;
Decreasing has rdfs:comment += <Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity is
decreased.>;
DeductiveArgument ismem ClassSet;
DeductiveArgument iss Argument;
DeductiveArgument has rdfs:comment += <An Argument which has the form of a
deduction i.e. it is claimed that the set of premises entails the conclusion.>;
DefensiveManeuver ismem ClassSet;
DefensiveManeuver iss Maneuver;
DefensiveManeuver has rdfs:comment += <A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the
agent attempts to avoid being damaged.>;
Demonstrating ismem ClassSet;
Demonstrating iss Disseminating;
Demonstrating has rdfs:comment += <Exhibiting something or a range of things
before the public in a particular location. This would cover software demos
theatrical plays lectures dance and music recitals museum exhibitions etc.>;
DeonticAttribute ismem ClassSet;
DeonticAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
DeonticAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing all of the Attributes
relating to the notions of permission obligation and prohibition.>;
Designing ismem ClassSet;
Designing iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Designing has rdfs:comment += <The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a
Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects with
respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well in order to satisfy a
particular purpose.>;
Destruction ismem ClassSet;
Destruction iss Damaging;
Destruction has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Damagings in which the patient
(or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. Note that the difference
between this concept and its superclass is solely one of extent.>;
Detaching ismem ClassSet;
Detaching iss DualObjectProcess;
Detaching has rdfs:comment += <A Process where the agent detaches one thing from
something else. Note that Detaching is different from Separating in that the
latter applies to Substances while the former applies to CorpuscularObjects.
Note too that Detaching is different from Removing in that one or both of the
two things which are detached may or may not be moved from the location where
they were attached.>;
DevelopmentalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
DevelopmentalAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
DevelopmentalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate the stage
of development of an Organism.>;
Device ismem ClassSet;
Device iss Artifact;
Device has rdfs:comment += <A Device is an Artifact whose purpose is to serve as
an instrument in a specific subclass of Process.>;
DiagnosticProcess ismem ClassSet;
DiagnosticProcess iss Investigating;
DiagnosticProcess has rdfs:comment += <A Process that is carried out for the
purpose of determining the nature of a DiseaseOrSyndrome.>;
Digesting ismem ClassSet;
Digesting iss OrganismProcess;
Digesting iss AutonomicProcess;
Digesting has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which Food that has been ingested
is broken down into simpler chemical compounds and absorbed by the Organism.>;
Directing ismem ClassSet;
Directing iss LinguisticCommunication;
Directing has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class urge some further action
among the receivers. A Directing can be an Ordering a Requesting or a
Questioning.>;
DirectionChange ismem ClassSet;
DirectionChange iss Motion;
DirectionChange has rdfs:comment += <The act of changing the direction in which
the patient of the act is oriented.>;
DirectionalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
DirectionalAttribute iss PositionalAttribute;
DirectionalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of PositionalAttributes
that concern compass directions.>;
Discovering ismem ClassSet;
Discovering iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Discovering has rdfs:comment += <Finding something that was sought. Note that
this class is restricted to cases of discovering something Physical. For cases
involving the acquisition of knowledge the class Learning should be used.>;
DiseaseOrSyndrome ismem ClassSet;
DiseaseOrSyndrome iss BiologicalAttribute;
DiseaseOrSyndrome has rdfs:comment += <A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies
something that alters or interferes with a normal process state or activity of
an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or
more of the host ' s systems parts or Organs.>;
Disseminating ismem ClassSet;
Disseminating iss Communication;
Disseminating has rdfs:comment += <Any Communication that involves a single
agent and many destinations. This covers the release of a published book
broadcasting a theatrical performance giving orders to assembled troops
delivering a public lecture etc.>;
Drinking ismem ClassSet;
Drinking iss Ingesting;
Drinking has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which liquid Food i.e. Beverages
are incorporated into an Animal.>;
Driving ismem ClassSet;
Driving iss Guiding;
Driving has rdfs:comment += <Controlling the direction and/or speed of a
Vehicle. This includes navigating a ship driving a car or truck operating a
train etc.>;
Drying ismem ClassSet;
Drying iss Removing;
Drying has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed
from an Object.>;
DualObjectProcess ismem ClassSet;
DualObjectProcess iss Process;
DualObjectProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any Process that requires two
nonidentical patients.>;
Eating ismem ClassSet;
Eating iss Ingesting;
Eating has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which solid Food is incorporated into
an Animal.>;
EducationalOrganization ismem ClassSet;
EducationalOrganization iss Organization;
EducationalOrganization has rdfs:comment += <A EducationalOrganization is an
institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K-12 schools and
colleges and universities.>;
EducationalProcess ismem ClassSet;
EducationalProcess iss Guiding;
EducationalProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any Process which is intended to result
in Learning.>;
Egg ismem ClassSet;
Egg iss ReproductiveBody;
Egg iss AnimalAnatomicalStructure;
Egg has rdfs:comment += <The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody
of an Animal. This includes Bird and Reptile eggs as well as mammalian ova.>;
Election ismem ClassSet;
Election iss OrganizationalProcess;
Election has rdfs:comment += <Election is the class of events conducted by an
organization in which qualified participants vote for officers adopt resolutions
or settle other issues in that Organization.>;
Electron ismem ClassSet;
Electron iss SubatomicParticle;
Electron has rdfs:comment += <SubatomicParticles that surround the
AtomicNucleus. They have a negative charge.>;
ElementalSubstance ismem ClassSet;
ElementalSubstance iss PureSubstance;
ElementalSubstance has rdfs:comment += <The Class of PureSubstances that cannot
be separated into two or more Substances by ordinary chemical (or physical)
means. This excludes nuclear reactions. ElementalSubstances are composed of only
one kind of atom. Examples: Iron (Fe) copper (Cu) and oxygen (O_2) .
ElementalSubstances are the simplest PureSubstances.>;
EmotionalState ismem ClassSet;
EmotionalState iss StateOfMind;
EmotionalState has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Attributes that denote
emotional states of Organisms.>;
Encoding ismem ClassSet;
Encoding iss Writing;
Encoding has rdfs:comment += <Converting a document or message into a formal
language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small body
of Agents. Generally speaking this hinders wide dissemination of the content in
the original document or message.>;
EngineeringComponent ismem ClassSet;
EngineeringComponent iss Device;
EngineeringComponent has rdfs:comment += <A fundamental concept that applies in
many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of a Device that
is a physically whole object such as one might see listed as standard parts in a
catalog. The main difference betweeen EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs
of matter is that EngineeringComponents are object-like in a modeling sense.
Thus an EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion but a part of a system
with a stable identity.>;
EngineeringConnection ismem ClassSet;
EngineeringConnection iss EngineeringComponent;
EngineeringConnection has rdfs:comment += <An EngineeringConnection is an
EngineeringComponent that represents a connection relationship between two other
EngineeringComponents. It is a reification of the Predicate
connectedEngineeringComponents. That means that whenever this Predicate holds
between two EngineeringComponents there exists an EngineeringConnection. The
practical reason for reifying a relationship is to be able to attach other
information about it. For example one might want to say that a particular
connection is associated with some shared parameters or that it is of a
particular type. EngineeringConnections are EngineeringComponents and can
therefore be an engineeringSubcomponent of other EngineeringComponents. However
to provide for modular regularity in component systems EngineeringConnections
cannot be connected. For each pair of EngineeringComponents related by
connectedEngineeringComponents there exists at least one EngineeringConnection.
However that object may not be unique and the same EngineeringConnection may be
associated with several pairs of EngineeringComponents.>;
Entity ismem ClassSet;
Entity has rdfs:comment += <The universal class of individuals. This is the root
node of the ontology.>;
EquivalenceRelation ismem ClassSet;
EquivalenceRelation iss TransitiveRelation;
EquivalenceRelation iss SymmetricRelation;
EquivalenceRelation iss ReflexiveRelation;
EquivalenceRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is an equivalence
relation if it is a ReflexiveRelation a SymmetricRelation and a
TransitiveRelation.>;
EthnicGroup ismem ClassSet;
EthnicGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
EthnicGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members originate from
the same GeographicArea or share the same Language and/or cultural practices.>;
EuroCent ismem ClassSet;
EuroCent iss CurrencyMeasure;
EuroCent isu UnitOfMeasure;
EuroCent has rdfs:comment += <A currency measure. 1 EuroCent is equal to .01
EuroDollars.>;
EuroDollar ismem ClassSet;
EuroDollar iss CurrencyMeasure;
EuroDollar isu UnitOfMeasure;
EuroDollar has rdfs:comment += <A currency measure of most European Union
countries. It is based on the UnitedStatesDollar.>;
EvenInteger ismem ClassSet;
EvenInteger iss Integer;
EvenInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is evenly divisible by 2.>;
Experimenting ismem ClassSet;
Experimenting iss Investigating;
Experimenting has rdfs:comment += <Investigating the truth of a Proposition by
constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either controlled
or uncontrolled blind or not blind.>;
Explanation ismem ClassSet;
Explanation iss DeductiveArgument;
Explanation has rdfs:comment += <An Argument where the conclusion is an observed
fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply the conclusion.
Note that this is the they hypothetico-deductive model of explanation.>;
Expressing ismem ClassSet;
Expressing iss Communication;
Expressing has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class express a state of the
agent. For example Jane thanked Barbara for the present she had given her. The
thanking in this case expresses the gratitude of Jane towards Barbara. Note that
Expressing unlike the other speech act types is not a subclass of
LinguisticCommunication. This is because emotions for example can be expressed
without language e.g. by smiling.>;
Fabric ismem ClassSet;
Fabric iss Artifact;
Fabric has disjoint += StationaryArtifact;
Fabric has rdfs:comment += <Artifacts that are created by weaving together
natural or synthetic fibers or by treating the skins of certain sorts of
Animals. Note that this Class includes articles that are created by stitching
together various types of fabrics e.g. bedspreads. On the other hand Clothing is
not a subclass of Fabric because many clothing items contain elements that are
not fabrics.>;
FactualText ismem ClassSet;
FactualText iss Text;
FactualText has disjoint += FictionalText;
FactualText has rdfs:comment += <The class of Texts that purport to reveal facts
about the world. Such texts are often known as information or as non-fiction.
Note that something can be an instance of FactualText even if it is wholly
inaccurate. Whether something is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of
the agent creating the text.>;
FahrenheitDegree ismem ClassSet;
FahrenheitDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
FahrenheitDegree isu UnitOfMeasure;
FahrenheitDegree has rdfs:comment += <A TemperatureMeasure that is commonly used
in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale the freezing point of water is 32
FahrenheitDegrees and the boiling point of water is 212 FahrenheitDegrees.>;
FamilyGroup ismem ClassSet;
FamilyGroup iss GroupOfPeople;
FamilyGroup has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople whose members bear
familyRelations to one another.>;
FatTissue ismem ClassSet;
FatTissue iss Tissue;
FatTissue has rdfs:comment += <Nonrigid Tissue that is composed largely of fat
cells.>;
February ismem ClassSet;
February iss Month;
February has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are February.>;
Feline ismem ClassSet;
Feline iss Carnivore;
Feline has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Carnivores with completely separable
toes nonretractable claws slim bodies and rounded heads.>;
Fern ismem ClassSet;
Fern iss NonFloweringPlant;
Fern has rdfs:comment += <A NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue.
This class includes true ferns as well as horsetails club mosses and whisk
ferns.>;
FictionalText ismem ClassSet;
FictionalText iss Text;
FictionalText has rdfs:comment += <The class of Texts that purport to be largely
a product of the author ' s imagination i.e. the author does not believe that
most of the content conveyed by the text is an accurate depiction of the real
world. Note that something can be an instance of FictionalText even if it is
completely true. Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the
beliefs of the agent creating the text.>;
FieldOfStudy ismem ClassSet;
FieldOfStudy iss Proposition;
FieldOfStudy has rdfs:comment += <An academic or applied discipline with
recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note that
FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition because a FieldOfStudy is understood
to be a body of abstract informational content with varying degrees of certainty
attached to each element of this content.>;
FinancialInstrument ismem ClassSet;
FinancialInstrument iss Certificate;
FinancialInstrument has rdfs:comment += <A document having monetary value or
recording a monetary transaction>;
FinancialTransaction ismem ClassSet;
FinancialTransaction iss Transaction;
FinancialTransaction has rdfs:comment += <A Transaction where an instance of
Currency is exchanged for something else.>;
FiniteSet ismem ClassSet;
FiniteSet iss Set;
FiniteSet has rdfs:comment += <A Set containing a finite number of elements.>;
Fish ismem ClassSet;
Fish iss ColdBloodedVertebrate;
Fish has rdfs:comment += <A cold-blooded aquatic Vertebrate characterized by
fins and breathing by gills. Included here are Fish having either a bony
skeleton such as a perch or a cartilaginous skeleton such as a shark. Also
included are those Fish lacking a jaw such as a lamprey or hagfish.>;
FloweringPlant ismem ClassSet;
FloweringPlant iss Plant;
FloweringPlant has rdfs:comment += <A Plant that produces seeds and flowers.
This class includes trees shrubs herbs and flowers.>;
Food ismem ClassSet;
Food iss SelfConnectedObject;
Food has rdfs:comment += <Any SelfConnectedObject containing Nutrients such as
carbohydrates proteins and fats that can be ingested by a living Animal and
metabolized into energy and body tissue.>;
FootLength ismem ClassSet;
FootLength iss LengthMeasure;
FootLength isu UnitOfMeasure;
FootLength has rdfs:comment += <English length unit of feet.>;
Formula ismem ClassSet;
Formula iss Sentence;
Formula has rdfs:comment += <A syntactically well-formed formula in the SUO-KIF
knowledge representation language.>;
Freezing ismem ClassSet;
Freezing iss StateChange;
Freezing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is cooled
and converted from a Liquid to a Solid.>;
FreshWaterArea ismem ClassSet;
FreshWaterArea iss WaterArea;
FreshWaterArea has rdfs:comment += <A WaterArea whose Water is not saline e.g.
most rivers and lakes.>;
Friday ismem ClassSet;
Friday iss Day;
Friday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Fridays.>;
FruitOrVegetable ismem ClassSet;
FruitOrVegetable iss PlantAnatomicalStructure;
FruitOrVegetable iss ReproductiveBody;
FruitOrVegetable has rdfs:comment += <Any fruit or vegetable i.e. a ripened
ReproductiveBody of a Plant. Note that FruitOrVegetable is not a subclass of
Food because some fruits e.g. poisonous berries are not edible.>;
Function ismem ClassSet;
Function iss SingleValuedRelation;
Function isu InheritableRelation;
Function has rdfs:comment += <A Function is a term-forming Relation that maps
from a n-tuple of arguments to a range and that associates this n-tuple with at
most one range element. Note that the range is a SetOrClass and each element of
the range is an instance of the SetOrClass.>;
FunctionQuantity ismem ClassSet;
FunctionQuantity iss PhysicalQuantity;
FunctionQuantity has rdfs:comment += <A FunctionQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity
that is returned by a Function that maps from one or more instances of
ConstantQuantity to another instance of ConstantQuantity. For example the
velocity of a particle would be represented by a FunctionQuantity relating
values of time (which are ConstantQuantities) to values of distance (also
ConstantQuantities) . Note that all elements of the range of the Function
corresponding to a FunctionQuantity have the same physical dimension as the
FunctionQuantity itself.>;
Funding ismem ClassSet;
Funding iss Giving;
Funding has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Giving where the patient is an
instance of Currency. Note that this class covers both financing e.g. where a
firm funds a software company with venture capital with the agreement that a
certain percentage of the profits on the investment will be returned to the firm
and instances of UnilateralGiving e.g. providing a tuition waiver and/or a
stipend to a student as part of scholarship or fellowship.>;
Fungus ismem ClassSet;
Fungus iss NonFloweringPlant;
Fungus has rdfs:comment += <A eukaryotic Organism characterized by the absence
of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included here are both
slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts molds mildews and mushrooms.>;
Game ismem ClassSet;
Game iss Contest;
Game iss RecreationOrExercise;
Game has rdfs:comment += <A Contest whose purpose is the enjoyment/stimulation
of the participants or spectators of the Game.>;
GasMixture ismem ClassSet;
GasMixture iss Mixture;
GasMixture has disjoint += LiquidMixture;
GasMixture has rdfs:comment += <Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions viz.
it is made up predominantly of things which are a Gas and any component other
than Gas in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are suspended in
the Gas.>;
GasMotion ismem ClassSet;
GasMotion iss Motion;
GasMotion has rdfs:comment += <Any Motion where the patient is a Gas. This class
would cover in particular the motion of Air e.g. a breeze or wind.>;
GeographicArea ismem ClassSet;
GeographicArea iss Region;
GeographicArea has rdfs:comment += <A geographic location generally having
definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass Region
in that a GeographicArea is a three-dimensional Region of the earth. Accordingly
all astronomical objects other than earth and all one-dimensional and
two-dimensional Regions are not classed under GeographicArea.>;
GeologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
GeologicalProcess iss Motion;
GeologicalProcess has disjoint += IntentionalProcess;
GeologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <The class of activities that are caused
by geological forces and affect geological features and which may affect the
biosphere as well.>;
GeometricFigure ismem ClassSet;
GeometricFigure iss ShapeAttribute;
GeometricFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of all geometric figures i.e. the
class of all abstract spatial representations. The instances of this class are
GeometricPoints TwoDimensionalFigures or ThreeDimensionalFigures.>;
GeometricPoint ismem ClassSet;
GeometricPoint iss GeometricFigure;
GeometricPoint has rdfs:comment += <The class of zero-dimensional
GeometricFigures i.e. the class of GeometricFigures that have position but lack
extension in any dimension.>;
GeopoliticalArea ismem ClassSet;
GeopoliticalArea iss GeographicArea;
GeopoliticalArea iss Agent;
GeopoliticalArea has rdfs:comment += <Any GeographicArea which is associated
with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands Cities
districts of cities counties etc. Note that the identity of a GeopoliticalArea
may remain constant after a change in borders.>;
Gesture ismem ClassSet;
Gesture iss Communication;
Gesture iss BodyMotion;
Gesture has rdfs:comment += <Any BodyMotion e.g. a hand wave a nod of the head a
smile which is also an instance of Communication.>;
Getting ismem ClassSet;
Getting iss ChangeOfPossession;
Getting has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent
gets something. Note that the source from which something is obtained is
specified with the origin CaseRole.>;
Giving ismem ClassSet;
Giving iss ChangeOfPossession;
Giving has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent
gives the destination something.>;
GivingBack ismem ClassSet;
GivingBack iss Giving;
GivingBack has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Giving where the agent gives
something to the destination which was previously given to the agent by the
destination e.g. returing a book that was borrowed from someone.>;
Government ismem ClassSet;
Government iss GovernmentOrganization;
Government has rdfs:comment += <The ruling body of a GeopoliticalArea.>;
GovernmentOrganization ismem ClassSet;
GovernmentOrganization iss Organization;
GovernmentOrganization has rdfs:comment += <GovernmentOrganization is the class
of official Organizations that are concerned with the government of a
GeopoliticalArea at some level. They may be a subOrganization of a government.>;
Grabbing ismem ClassSet;
Grabbing iss Touching;
Grabbing iss Attaching;
Grabbing has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Touching which results in a
situation where the agent grasps the patient of the Touching.>;
Graduation ismem ClassSet;
Graduation iss LeavingAnOrganization;
Graduation has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of graduating from an
EducationalOrganization.>;
Gram ismem ClassSet;
Gram iss MassMeasure;
Gram isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Gram has rdfs:comment += <Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 1 kilogram = 1000
Grams.>;
Group ismem ClassSet;
Group iss Collection;
Group iss Agent;
Group has rdfs:comment += <A Collection of Agents e.g. a flock of sheep a herd
of goats or the local Boy Scout troop.>;
GroupOfPeople ismem ClassSet;
GroupOfPeople iss Group;
GroupOfPeople has rdfs:comment += <Any Group whose members are exclusively
Humans.>;
Growth ismem ClassSet;
Growth iss AutonomicProcess;
Growth has rdfs:comment += <The Process of biological development in which an
Organism or part of an Organism changes its form or its size.>;
Guiding ismem ClassSet;
Guiding iss IntentionalProcess;
Guiding has rdfs:comment += <Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to
direct the behavior of another Object whether an Agent or not.>;
Hearing ismem ClassSet;
Hearing iss Perception;
Hearing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is
done by an auditory Organ.>;
Heating ismem ClassSet;
Heating iss Increasing;
Heating has disjoint += Cooling;
Heating has rdfs:comment += <Any Increasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity
increased is a TemperatureMeasure.>;
Hertz ismem ClassSet;
Hertz iss TimeDependentQuantity;
Hertz isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Hertz has rdfs:comment += <SI frequency measure. Symbol: Hz. It is the number of
cycles per second. Hertz = s^ (-1) . Note that Hertz does not have a conversion
function.>;
Hiring ismem ClassSet;
Hiring iss JoiningAnOrganization;
Hiring has rdfs:comment += <OrganizationalProcesses where someone is made an
employee of an Organization.>;
Hole ismem ClassSet;
Hole iss Region;
Hole has rdfs:comment += <A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface of
an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the
object in which it is a hole) being a Hole is defined as being a hole in
something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same region or part of the same
region without sharing any parts.>;
Hominid ismem ClassSet;
Hominid iss Primate;
Hominid has rdfs:comment += <Includes Humans and relatively recent ancestors of
Humans.>;
HoofedMammal ismem ClassSet;
HoofedMammal iss Mammal;
HoofedMammal has rdfs:comment += <The Class of quadruped Mammals with hooves.
Includes horses cows sheep pigs antelope etc.>;
Hotel ismem ClassSet;
Hotel iss ResidentialBuilding;
Hotel iss TemporaryResidence;
Hotel iss CommercialAgent;
Hotel has rdfs:comment += <A ResidentialBuilding which provides temporary
accommodations to guests in exchange for money.>;
Hour ismem ClassSet;
Hour iss TimeInterval;
Hour has relatedInternalConcept += HourFn;
Hour has relatedInternalConcept += HourDuration;
Hour has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all clock Hours.>;
HourDuration ismem ClassSet;
HourDuration iss TimeDuration;
HourDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
HourDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes.>;
Human ismem ClassSet;
Human iss Hominid;
Human iss CognitiveAgent;
Human has rdfs:comment += <Modern man the only remaining species of the Homo
genus.>;
HumanLanguage ismem ClassSet;
HumanLanguage iss Language;
HumanLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Languages used by Humans.>;
Icon ismem ClassSet;
Icon iss ContentBearingObject;
Icon has rdfs:comment += <This is the subclass of ContentBearingObjects which
are not part of a Language and which have some sort of similarity with the
Objects that they represent. This Class would include symbolic roadway signs
representational art works photographs etc.>;
ImaginaryNumber ismem ClassSet;
ImaginaryNumber iss Number;
ImaginaryNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any Number that is the result of
multiplying a RealNumber by the square root of -1.>;
Impacting ismem ClassSet;
Impacting iss Touching;
Impacting has rdfs:comment += <Any Touching where something comes into sudden
forceful physical contact with something else. Some examples would be striking
knocking whipping etc.>;
Impelling ismem ClassSet;
Impelling iss Transfer;
Impelling has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Transfer where the patient
travels through space by means of a sudden forceful event. Some examples would
be shooting throwing tossing etc.>;
Inch ismem ClassSet;
Inch iss LengthMeasure;
Inch isu UnitOfMeasure;
Inch has rdfs:comment += <English length unit of inches.>;
Increasing ismem ClassSet;
Increasing iss QuantityChange;
Increasing has relatedInternalConcept += Putting;
Increasing has rdfs:comment += <Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity is
increased.>;
InductiveArgument ismem ClassSet;
InductiveArgument iss Argument;
InductiveArgument has rdfs:comment += <An Argument which is inductive i.e. it is
claimed that a set of specific cases makes the conclusion which generalizes
these cases more likely to be true.>;
InformationMeasure ismem ClassSet;
InformationMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
InformationMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Measures of the amount of information.
Includes Bit Byte and multiples of these e.g. KiloByte and MegaByte.>;
Ingesting ismem ClassSet;
Ingesting iss OrganismProcess;
Ingesting has rdfs:comment += <The Process by which Food is taken into an
Animal.>;
InheritableRelation ismem ClassSet;
InheritableRelation isu Class;
InheritableRelation has rdfs:comment += <This is a Class of Classes. Each
instance of InheritableRelation is a subclass of Relation whose properties can
be inherited downward in the class hierarchy via the subrelation Predicate.>;
Injecting ismem ClassSet;
Injecting iss Inserting;
Injecting has rdfs:comment += <Inserting a BiologicallyActiveSubstance into an
Animal or a Human with a syringe.>;
Injuring ismem ClassSet;
Injuring iss PathologicProcess;
Injuring iss Damaging;
Injuring has rdfs:comment += <The process of creating a traumatic wound or
injury. Since Injuring is not possible without some biologic function of the
organism being injured it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess.>;
Insect ismem ClassSet;
Insect iss Arthropod;
Insect has rdfs:comment += <A Class of small Arthropods that are air-breathing
and that are distinguished by appearance.>;
Inserting ismem ClassSet;
Inserting iss Putting;
Inserting has rdfs:comment += <Putting one thing inside of another thing.>;
Integer ismem ClassSet;
Integer iss RationalNumber;
Integer has rdfs:comment += <A negative or nonnegative whole number.>;
IntentionalProcess ismem ClassSet;
IntentionalProcess iss Process;
IntentionalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A Process that has a specific purpose
for the CognitiveAgent who performs it.>;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess iss IntentionalProcess;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess iss PsychologicalProcess;
IntentionalPsychologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <An IntentionalProcess that
can be realized entirely within the mind or brain of an Organism. Thus for
example Reasoning is a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess because one
can reason simply by exercising one ' s mind/brain. On the other hand
RecreationOrExercise is not a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
because many instances of RecreationOrExercise necessarily have subProcesses of
BodyMotion.>;
IntentionalRelation ismem ClassSet;
IntentionalRelation isu InheritableRelation;
IntentionalRelation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Relations between an Agent
and one or more Entities where the Relation requires that the Agent have
awareness of the Entity.>;
InternalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
InternalAttribute iss Attribute;
InternalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Any Attribute of an Entity that is an
internal property of the Entity e.g. its shape its color its fragility etc.>;
InternalChange ismem ClassSet;
InternalChange iss Process;
InternalChange has rdfs:comment += <Processes which involve altering an internal
property of an Object e.g. the shape of the Object its coloring its structure
etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include changes that only
affect the relationship to other objects e.g. changes in spatial or temporal
location.>;
Interpreting ismem ClassSet;
Interpreting iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Interpreting has rdfs:comment += <Any Process of assigning a Proposition to a
Text i.e. understanding the Text.>;
IntransitiveRelation ismem ClassSet;
IntransitiveRelation iss BinaryRelation;
IntransitiveRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation ?REL is intransitive
only if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply not (?REL ?INST1
?INST3) for all ?INST1 ?INST2 and ?INST3.>;
InvalidDeductiveArgument ismem ClassSet;
InvalidDeductiveArgument iss DeductiveArgument;
InvalidDeductiveArgument has rdfs:comment += <DeductiveArguments that are not
ValidDeductiveArguments i.e. it is not the case that the set of premises in fact
entails the conclusion.>;
Invertebrate ismem ClassSet;
Invertebrate iss Animal;
Invertebrate has rdfs:comment += <An Animal which has no spinal column.>;
Investigating ismem ClassSet;
Investigating iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Investigating has rdfs:comment += <The class of
IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses where the agent attempts to obtaina
information ( i.e. a Proposition denoted by a Formula ) .>;
IrrationalNumber ismem ClassSet;
IrrationalNumber iss RealNumber;
IrrationalNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any RealNumber that is not also a
RationalNumber.>;
IrreflexiveRelation ismem ClassSet;
IrreflexiveRelation iss BinaryRelation;
IrreflexiveRelation has rdfs:comment += <Relation ?REL is irreflexive if (?REL
?INST ?INST) holds for no value of ?INST.>;
Island ismem ClassSet;
Island iss LandArea;
Island has rdfs:comment += <A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a
WaterArea.>;
January ismem ClassSet;
January iss Month;
January has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are January.>;
JoiningAnOrganization ismem ClassSet;
JoiningAnOrganization iss OrganizationalProcess;
JoiningAnOrganization has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of becoming
a member of an Organization.>;
Judging ismem ClassSet;
Judging iss Selecting;
Judging has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts for
one belief out of a set of multiple possibilities that are available to
him/her.>;
JudicialOrganization ismem ClassSet;
JudicialOrganization iss Organization;
JudicialOrganization has rdfs:comment += <JudicialOrganization is the class of
Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according to the
statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. Judicial bodies
are not necessarily government organizations for example those associated with
sporting associations.>;
JudicialProcess ismem ClassSet;
JudicialProcess iss PoliticalProcess;
JudicialProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any legal proceeding which is conducted by
a JudicialOrganization. Note that there is an important difference between the
concepts LegalAction and JudicialProcess. The former refers to legal claims that
are brought by a plaintiff e.g. law suits while the second refers to trials and
other sorts of judicial hearings where the merits of a LegalAction are
decided.>;
July ismem ClassSet;
July iss Month;
July has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are July.>;
June ismem ClassSet;
June iss Month;
June has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are June.>;
Keeping ismem ClassSet;
Keeping iss IntentionalProcess;
Keeping has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent keeps
something in a particular location for an extended period of time.>;
KelvinDegree ismem ClassSet;
KelvinDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
KelvinDegree isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
KelvinDegree has rdfs:comment += <SI TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of
the base units in SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system) . Kelvin differs from
the Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be 273.16
KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes of intervals in the
two scales are the same. By definition the conversion constant is 273.15.>;
Killing ismem ClassSet;
Killing iss Destruction;
Killing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Destruction in which the death of
an Organism is caused by an Organism. Note that in cases of suicide the Organism
would be the same in both cases.>;
KiloByte ismem ClassSet;
KiloByte iss InformationMeasure;
KiloByte isu UnitOfMeasure;
KiloByte has rdfs:comment += <One KiloByte (KB) of information. One KiloByte is
1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is different from the one accepted in
the SI system.>;
LandArea ismem ClassSet;
LandArea iss GeographicArea;
LandArea has rdfs:comment += <An area which is predominantly solid ground e.g. a
Nation a mountain a desert etc. Note that a LandArea may contain some relatively
small WaterAreas. For example Australia is a LandArea even though it contains
various rivers and lakes.>;
LandTransitway ismem ClassSet;
LandTransitway iss Transitway;
LandTransitway iss LandArea;
LandTransitway has rdfs:comment += <LandTransitway is the subclass of Transitway
that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.>;
Language ismem ClassSet;
Language iss LinguisticExpression;
Language has rdfs:comment += <A system of signs for expressing thought. The
system can be either natural or artificial i.e. something that emerges gradually
as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created by a person or
group of people.>;
LeapYear ismem ClassSet;
LeapYear iss Year;
LeapYear has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all leap years. These are years which
are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly divisible
by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century) .>;
Learning ismem ClassSet;
Learning iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Learning has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes which relate to the
acquisition of information.>;
LeavingAnOrganization ismem ClassSet;
LeavingAnOrganization iss OrganizationalProcess;
LeavingAnOrganization has disjoint += JoiningAnOrganization;
LeavingAnOrganization has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of leaving
an Organization whether voluntarily or involuntarily.>;
LegalAction ismem ClassSet;
LegalAction iss Contest;
LegalAction has rdfs:comment += <Any Process where a CognitiveAgent seeks to
obtain something through a court of law.>;
LegalDecision ismem ClassSet;
LegalDecision iss JudicialProcess;
LegalDecision iss Declaring;
LegalDecision has rdfs:comment += <A decision issued by a court with respect to
a LegalAction. Note that a LegalDecision is the act of Declaring a decision of a
court ; it is not the act of judge or jury Deciding the merits of a particular
LegalAction.>;
Lending ismem ClassSet;
Lending iss Giving;
Lending has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Giving Processes where the agent
gives the destination something for a limited period of time with the
expectation that it will be returned later ( perhaps with interest ) .>;
LengthMeasure ismem ClassSet;
LengthMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
LengthMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to
length.>;
LinguisticCommunication ismem ClassSet;
LinguisticCommunication iss Communication;
LinguisticCommunication has rdfs:comment += <A Communication that involves the
transfer of information via a LinguisticExpression.>;
LinguisticExpression ismem ClassSet;
LinguisticExpression iss ContentBearingObject;
LinguisticExpression has disjoint += Icon;
LinguisticExpression has rdfs:comment += <This is the subclass of
ContentBearingObjects which are language-related. Note that this Class
encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages e.g. Words.>;
LiquidMixture ismem ClassSet;
LiquidMixture iss Mixture;
LiquidMixture has rdfs:comment += <Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions
viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Liquid and any component
other than Liquid in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are
suspended in the Liquid.>;
LiquidMotion ismem ClassSet;
LiquidMotion iss Motion;
LiquidMotion has rdfs:comment += <Any Motion where the patient is a Liquid. This
class would cover in particular the flow of Water.>;
List ismem ClassSet;
List iss Relation;
List has rdfs:comment += <Every List is a particular ordered n-tuple of items.
Generally speaking Lists are created by means of the ListFn Function which takes
any number of items as arguments and returns a List with the items in the same
order. Anything including other Lists may be an item in a List. Note too that
Lists are extensional - two lists that have the same items in the same order are
identical. Note too that a List may contain no items. In that case the List is
the NullList.>;
Listening ismem ClassSet;
Listening iss Hearing;
Listening iss IntentionalProcess;
Listening has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Hearing which is intentional.>;
Liter ismem ClassSet;
Liter iss VolumeMeasure;
Liter isu UnitOfMeasure;
Liter has rdfs:comment += <Unit of volume in the metric system. It is currently
defined to be equal to one cubic decimeter (0.001 cubic meter) . Symbol: l.>;
Looking ismem ClassSet;
Looking iss Seeing;
Looking iss IntentionalProcess;
Looking has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Seeing which is intentional.>;
Machine ismem ClassSet;
Machine iss Device;
Machine has rdfs:comment += <Machines are Devices that that have a well-defined
resource and result and that automatically convert the resource into the
result.>;
Maintaining ismem ClassSet;
Maintaining iss IntentionalProcess;
Maintaining has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent cares
for or maintains the Object.>;
Making ismem ClassSet;
Making iss Creation;
Making iss IntentionalProcess;
Making has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Creation in which an individual
Artifact or a type of Artifact is made.>;
Mammal ismem ClassSet;
Mammal iss WarmBloodedVertebrate;
Mammal has rdfs:comment += <A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and
characterized by the presence of hair mammary glands and sweat glands.>;
Man ismem ClassSet;
Man iss Human;
Man has rdfs:comment += <The class of Male Humans.>;
Managing ismem ClassSet;
Managing iss OrganizationalProcess;
Managing iss Guiding;
Managing has rdfs:comment += <OrganizationalProcesses that involve overseeing
the activities of others. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess and
its sibling Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship between the
manager and the managed while the former implies a normative standard to which
the activities of the regulated are referred.>;
Maneuver ismem ClassSet;
Maneuver iss IntentionalProcess;
Maneuver has rdfs:comment += <An intentional move or play within a Contest. In
many cases a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for winning the
Contest but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi-arbitrary division of the
overarching Contest e.g. innings in a baseball game.>;
ManualHumanLanguage ismem ClassSet;
ManualHumanLanguage iss HumanLanguage;
ManualHumanLanguage has rdfs:comment += <A ManualHumanLanguage is a
HumanLanguage which has as its medium gestures and movement such as the shape
position and movement of the hands.>;
Manufacture ismem ClassSet;
Manufacture iss Making;
Manufacture has rdfs:comment += <The Making of Artifacts on a mass scale.>;
Manufacturer ismem ClassSet;
Manufacturer iss Corporation;
Manufacturer has rdfs:comment += <Any Corporation which manufactures Products.>;
March ismem ClassSet;
March iss Month;
March has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are March.>;
Marsupial ismem ClassSet;
Marsupial iss Mammal;
Marsupial has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals which have a pouch for their
young.>;
MassMeasure ismem ClassSet;
MassMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
MassMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the
amount of matter in an Object.>;
Matriculation ismem ClassSet;
Matriculation iss JoiningAnOrganization;
Matriculation has rdfs:comment += <The OrganizationalProcess of joining an
EducationalOrganization as a student.>;
May ismem ClassSet;
May iss Month;
May has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are May.>;
Measuring ismem ClassSet;
Measuring iss Calculating;
Measuring has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Calculating Processes where the aim
is to determine the PhysicalQuantity of some aspect of the patient.>;
MeasuringDevice ismem ClassSet;
MeasuringDevice iss Device;
MeasuringDevice has rdfs:comment += <Any Device whose purpose is to measure a
PhysicalQuantity.>;
Meat ismem ClassSet;
Meat iss Food;
Meat has rdfs:comment += <Any Food which was originally part of an Animal and is
not ingested by drinking including eggs and animal blood that is eaten as food.
Note that this class covers both raw meat and meat that has been prepared in
some way e.g. by cooking. Note too that preparations involving Meat and
FruitOrVegetable are classed directly under Food.>;
Meeting ismem ClassSet;
Meeting iss SocialInteraction;
Meeting has rdfs:comment += <The coming together of two or more CognitiveAgents
for the purpose of Communication. This covers informal meetings e.g. visits with
family members and formal meetings e.g. a board of directors meeting.>;
MegaByte ismem ClassSet;
MegaByte iss InformationMeasure;
MegaByte isu UnitOfMeasure;
MegaByte has rdfs:comment += <One MegaByte (MB) of information. One MegaByte is
1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is different from the one
accepted in the SI system.>;
Melting ismem ClassSet;
Melting iss StateChange;
Melting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where an Object is heated
and converted from a Solid to a Liquid.>;
MercantileOrganization ismem ClassSet;
MercantileOrganization iss Corporation;
MercantileOrganization has rdfs:comment += <Any Corporation which sells goods or
services to customers for a profit.>;
Metal ismem ClassSet;
Metal iss ElementalSubstance;
Metal has rdfs:comment += <A Metal is an ElementalSubstance that conducts heat
and electricity is shiny and reflects many colors of light and can be hammered
into sheets or drawn into wire. About 80% of the known chemical elements
(ElementalSubstances) are metals.>;
Meter ismem ClassSet;
Meter iss LengthMeasure;
Meter isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Meter has rdfs:comment += <SI LengthMeasure. Symbol: m. It is one of the base
units in SI and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter is the length of
the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of
a SecondDuration.>;
Microorganism ismem ClassSet;
Microorganism iss Organism;
Microorganism has rdfs:comment += <An Organism that can be seen only with the
aid of a microscope.>;
Mile ismem ClassSet;
Mile iss LengthMeasure;
Mile isu UnitOfMeasure;
Mile has rdfs:comment += <English length unit of miles.>;
MilitaryForce ismem ClassSet;
MilitaryForce iss PoliticalOrganization;
MilitaryForce has rdfs:comment += <MilitaryForce is the subclass of
Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the purpose of
either defensive or offensive combat whether or not the force is an official
GovernmentOrganization.>;
MilitaryOrganization ismem ClassSet;
MilitaryOrganization iss MilitaryForce;
MilitaryOrganization iss GovernmentOrganization;
MilitaryOrganization has rdfs:comment += <Any heavily armed Organization that is
part of a Government and that is charged with representing the Government in
international conflicts.>;
MilitaryProcess ismem ClassSet;
MilitaryProcess iss PoliticalProcess;
MilitaryProcess has rdfs:comment += <Any Process that is carried out by a
military organization. Note that this class covers Processes e.g. military
operations that are the result of careful planning as well as those which are
unscripted.>;
Mineral ismem ClassSet;
Mineral iss Substance;
Mineral has rdfs:comment += <Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous
substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum) or synthetic
substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form and properties
of a naturally occurring mineral.>;
Minute ismem ClassSet;
Minute iss TimeInterval;
Minute has relatedInternalConcept += MinuteFn;
Minute has relatedInternalConcept += MinuteDuration;
Minute has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all clock Minutes.>;
MinuteDuration ismem ClassSet;
MinuteDuration iss TimeDuration;
MinuteDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
MinuteDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds.>;
Mixture ismem ClassSet;
Mixture iss Substance;
Mixture has rdfs:comment += <A Mixture is two or more PureSubstances combined in
varying proportions - each retaining its own specific properties. The components
of a Mixture can be separated by physical means i.e. without the making and
breaking of chemical bonds. Examples: Air table salt thoroughly dissolved in
water milk wood and concrete.>;
Molecule ismem ClassSet;
Molecule iss CompoundSubstance;
Molecule has rdfs:comment += <A molecule is the smallest unit of matter of a
CompoundSubstance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that
substance e.g. Ne H2 H2O. A molecule is two or more Atoms linked by a chemical
bond.>;
Mollusk ismem ClassSet;
Mollusk iss Invertebrate;
Mollusk has rdfs:comment += <Soft-bodied Invertebrate that is usually contained
in a shell. Includes oysters clams mussels snails slugs octopi and squid.>;
Monday ismem ClassSet;
Monday iss Day;
Monday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Mondays.>;
Monkey ismem ClassSet;
Monkey iss Primate;
Monkey has rdfs:comment += <Various Primates with relatively long tails.>;
Month ismem ClassSet;
Month iss TimeInterval;
Month has relatedInternalConcept += MonthFn;
Month has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Months.>;
Morpheme ismem ClassSet;
Morpheme iss LinguisticExpression;
Morpheme has rdfs:comment += <Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided and
which expresses a meaning.>;
Moss ismem ClassSet;
Moss iss NonFloweringPlant;
Moss has rdfs:comment += <A NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little if
any vascular tissue.>;
Motion ismem ClassSet;
Motion iss Process;
Motion has rdfs:comment += <Any Process of movement.>;
Muscle ismem ClassSet;
Muscle iss Tissue;
Muscle iss AnimalSubstance;
Muscle has rdfs:comment += <Nonrigid Tissue appearing only in Animals and
composed largely of contractile cells.>;
Music ismem ClassSet;
Music iss RadiatingSound;
Music has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of RadiatingSound where the sound is
intended to be melodic and is produced deliberately.>;
MusicalInstrument ismem ClassSet;
MusicalInstrument iss Device;
MusicalInstrument has rdfs:comment += <A Device which is manipulated by a Human
and whose purpose is to produce Music.>;
MutuallyDisjointClass ismem ClassSet;
MutuallyDisjointClass iss SetOrClass;
MutuallyDisjointClass has rdfs:comment += <A SetOrClass is a
MutuallyDisjointClass just in case there exists nothing which is an instance of
all of the instances of the original SetOrClass.>;
Myriapod ismem ClassSet;
Myriapod iss Arthropod;
Myriapod has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Arthropods that includes centipedes and
millipedes.>;
Naming ismem ClassSet;
Naming iss Declaring;
Naming has rdfs:comment += <The Process of assigning a name to someone or
something.>;
Nation ismem ClassSet;
Nation iss GeopoliticalArea;
Nation iss LandArea;
Nation has rdfs:comment += <The broadest GeopoliticalArea i.e. Nations are
GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and comprehensive
governance structure ( excepting commonwealths and other sorts of loose
international organizations ) .>;
NaturalLanguage ismem ClassSet;
NaturalLanguage iss HumanLanguage;
NaturalLanguage has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of HumanLanguages which are
not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This Class includes
all of the national languages e.g. English Spanish Japanese etc. Note that this
class includes dialects of natural languages.>;
NaturalSubstance ismem ClassSet;
NaturalSubstance iss Substance;
NaturalSubstance has rdfs:comment += <Any Substance that is not the result of an
IntentionalProcess i.e. any substance that occurs naturally.>;
NegativeInteger ismem ClassSet;
NegativeInteger iss Integer;
NegativeInteger iss NegativeRealNumber;
NegativeInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is less than zero.>;
NegativeRealNumber ismem ClassSet;
NegativeRealNumber iss RealNumber;
NegativeRealNumber has rdfs:comment += <A RealNumber that is less than zero.>;
Neutron ismem ClassSet;
Neutron iss SubatomicParticle;
Neutron has rdfs:comment += <Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have no
charge.>;
NonFloweringPlant ismem ClassSet;
NonFloweringPlant iss Plant;
NonFloweringPlant has disjoint += FloweringPlant;
NonFloweringPlant has rdfs:comment += <A Plant that reproduces with spores and
does not produce flowers.>;
NonNullSet ismem ClassSet;
NonNullSet iss SetOrClass;
NonNullSet has rdfs:comment += <Any SetOrClass that contains at least one
instance.>;
NonnegativeInteger ismem ClassSet;
NonnegativeInteger iss Integer;
NonnegativeInteger iss NonnegativeRealNumber;
NonnegativeInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is greater than or equal
to zero.>;
NonnegativeRealNumber ismem ClassSet;
NonnegativeRealNumber iss RealNumber;
NonnegativeRealNumber has rdfs:comment += <A RealNumber that is greater than or
equal to zero.>;
NormativeAttribute ismem ClassSet;
NormativeAttribute iss RelationalAttribute;
NormativeAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class containing all of the Attributes
that are specific to morality legality aesthetics etiquette etc. Many of these
attributes express a judgement that something ought or ought not to be the
case.>;
Noun ismem ClassSet;
Noun iss Word;
Noun has rdfs:comment += <One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that
conventionally denote Objects.>;
NounPhrase ismem ClassSet;
NounPhrase iss Phrase;
NounPhrase has disjoint += VerbPhrase;
NounPhrase has rdfs:comment += <A Phrase that has the same function as a Noun.>;
November ismem ClassSet;
November iss Month;
November has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are November.>;
NullSet ismem ClassSet;
NullSet iss SetOrClass;
NullSet has rdfs:comment += <Any SetOrClass that contains no instances.>;
Number ismem ClassSet;
Number iss Quantity;
Number has rdfs:comment += <A measure of how many things there are or how much
there is of a certain kind. Numbers are subclassed into RealNumber ComplexNumber
and ImaginaryNumber.>;
Nutrient ismem ClassSet;
Nutrient iss BiologicallyActiveSubstance;
Nutrient has rdfs:comment += <A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an
Organism. It is generally ingested as Food and it is of primary interest because
of its role in the biologic functioning of the Organism.>;
Object ismem ClassSet;
Object iss Physical;
Object has rdfs:comment += <Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary
objects. Examples include normal physical objects geographical regions and
locations of Processes the complement of Objects in the Physical class. In a 4D
ontology an Object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as
dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis.>;
ObjectAttitude ismem ClassSet;
ObjectAttitude iss IntentionalRelation;
ObjectAttitude isu InheritableRelation;
ObjectAttitude has disjoint += PropositionalAttitude;
ObjectAttitude has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalRelations where the
Agent has awareness of an instance of Physical.>;
ObjectiveNorm ismem ClassSet;
ObjectiveNorm iss NormativeAttribute;
ObjectiveNorm has rdfs:comment += <The Class of NormativeAttributes that are
associated with an objective criterion for their attribution i.e. there is broad
consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable.>;
October ismem ClassSet;
October iss Month;
October has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are October.>;
OddInteger ismem ClassSet;
OddInteger iss Integer;
OddInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2.>;
Offering ismem ClassSet;
Offering iss Committing;
Offering has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Committing in which a
CognitiveAgent offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings may be
unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a UnilateralGiving) or
conditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a Transaction of some
sort) .>;
OneDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
OneDimensionalFigure iss GeometricFigure;
OneDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of GeometricFigures that
have position and an extension along a single dimension viz. straight lines.>;
OneToOneFunction ismem ClassSet;
OneToOneFunction iss UnaryFunction;
OneToOneFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of UnaryFunctions which are one
to one. A function F is one to one just in case for all X Y in the domain of F
if X is not identical to Y then F (X) is not identical to F (Y) .>;
OpenTwoDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
OpenTwoDimensionalFigure iss TwoDimensionalFigure;
OpenTwoDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of TwoDimensionalFigures
that are not ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures.>;
Ordering ismem ClassSet;
Ordering iss Directing;
Ordering has rdfs:comment += <A Directing in which the receiver is commanded to
realize the content of a ContentBearingObject. Orders are injunctions the
disobedience of which involves sanctions or which express an obligation upon the
part of the orderee.>;
Organ ismem ClassSet;
Organ iss BodyPart;
Organ has rdfs:comment += <A somewhat independent BodyPart that performs a
specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily systems
e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system.>;
OrganOrTissueProcess ismem ClassSet;
OrganOrTissueProcess iss AutonomicProcess;
OrganOrTissueProcess has disjoint += OrganismProcess;
OrganOrTissueProcess has rdfs:comment += <A PhysiologicProcess of a particular
Organ or Tissue.>;
OrganicObject ismem ClassSet;
OrganicObject iss CorpuscularObject;
OrganicObject has disjoint += Artifact;
OrganicObject has rdfs:comment += <This class encompasses Organisms
CorpuscularObjects that are parts of Organisms i.e. BodyParts and
CorpuscularObjects that are nonintentionally produced by Organisms e.g.
ReproductiveBodies.>;
Organism ismem ClassSet;
Organism iss OrganicObject;
Organism iss Agent;
Organism has rdfs:comment += <Generally a living individual including all Plants
and Animals.>;
OrganismProcess ismem ClassSet;
OrganismProcess iss PhysiologicProcess;
OrganismProcess has rdfs:comment += <A physiologic function of the Organism as a
whole of multiple organ systems or of multiple Organs or Tissues.>;
Organization ismem ClassSet;
Organization iss Group;
Organization iss CognitiveAgent;
Organization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization is a corporate or similar
institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common purpose or
function. Note that this class also covers divisions departments etc. of
organizations. For example both the Shell Corporation and the accounting
department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. Note too that the
existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one
member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection) . Accordingly in cases
of purely legal organizations a fictitious member should be assumed.>;
OrganizationalProcess ismem ClassSet;
OrganizationalProcess iss IntentionalProcess;
OrganizationalProcess has rdfs:comment += <An IntentionalProcess that involves
an Organization.>;
Ounce ismem ClassSet;
Ounce iss VolumeMeasure;
Ounce isu UnitOfMeasure;
Ounce has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a Cup.>;
PairwiseDisjointClass ismem ClassSet;
PairwiseDisjointClass iss SetOrClass;
PairwiseDisjointClass has rdfs:comment += <A SetOrClass is a
PairwiseDisjointClass just in case every instance of the SetOrClass is either
equal to or disjoint from every other instance of the SetOrClass.>;
ParamilitaryOrganization ismem ClassSet;
ParamilitaryOrganization iss MilitaryForce;
ParamilitaryOrganization has disjoint += GovernmentOrganization;
ParamilitaryOrganization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization which is much like
a MilitaryOrganization e.g. it is made up of armed fighters except that it is
not associated with a Government.>;
PartialOrderingRelation ismem ClassSet;
PartialOrderingRelation iss TransitiveRelation;
PartialOrderingRelation iss AntisymmetricRelation;
PartialOrderingRelation iss ReflexiveRelation;
PartialOrderingRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is a partial
ordering if it is a ReflexiveRelation an AntisymmetricRelation and a
TransitiveRelation.>;
PartialValuedRelation ismem ClassSet;
PartialValuedRelation iss Relation;
PartialValuedRelation has rdfs:comment += <A Relation is a PartialValuedRelation
just in case it is not a TotalValuedRelation i.e. just in case assigning values
to every argument position except the last one does not necessarily mean that
there is a value assignment for the last argument position. Note that if a
Relation is both a PartialValuedRelation and a SingleValuedRelation then it is a
partial function.>;
ParticleWord ismem ClassSet;
ParticleWord iss Word;
ParticleWord has rdfs:comment += <An umbrella Class for any Word that does not
fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small term
that serves a grammatical or logical function e.g. 'and' 'of' 'since' etc. At
some point this class might be broken up into the subclasses 'Connective'
'Preposition' etc. Note that the class ParticleWord includes both personal and
possessive pronouns e.g. 'she' 'hers' 'it' 'its' etc.>;
Patent ismem ClassSet;
Patent iss Certificate;
Patent has rdfs:comment += <A Certificate that expresses the content of an
invention that has been accorded legal protection by a governemental entity.>;
PathologicProcess ismem ClassSet;
PathologicProcess iss BiologicalProcess;
PathologicProcess has disjoint += PhysiologicProcess;
PathologicProcess has rdfs:comment += <A disordered process activity or state of
the Organism as a whole of a body system or systems or of multiple Organs or
Tissues. Included here are normal responses to a negative stimulus as well as
patholologic conditions or states that are less specific than a disease.
Pathologic functions frequently have systemic effects.>;
Perception ismem ClassSet;
Perception iss PsychologicalProcess;
Perception has rdfs:comment += <Sensing some aspect of the material world. Note
that the agent of this sensing is assumed to be an Animal.>;
Periodical ismem ClassSet;
Periodical iss Series;
Periodical has rdfs:comment += <A Series whose elements are published separately
and on a periodic basis.>;
PermanentResidence ismem ClassSet;
PermanentResidence iss Residence;
PermanentResidence has rdfs:comment += <A Residence where people live i.e. where
people have a home.>;
Phrase ismem ClassSet;
Phrase iss LinguisticExpression;
Phrase has rdfs:comment += <A set of Words in a Language which form a unit i.e.
express a meaning in the Language.>;
Physical ismem ClassSet;
Physical iss Entity;
Physical has rdfs:comment += <An entity that has a location in space-time. Note
that locations are themselves understood to have a location in space-time.>;
PhysicalQuantity ismem ClassSet;
PhysicalQuantity iss Quantity;
PhysicalQuantity has rdfs:comment += <A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of some
quantifiable aspect of the modeled world such as 'the earth' s diameter ' (a
constant length) and ' the stress in a loaded deformable solid ' ( a measure of
stress which is a function of three spatial coordinates ) . All
PhysicalQuantities are either ConstantQuantities or FunctionQuantities.
Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent on a UnitOfMeasure while instances
of FunctionQuantity are Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to
other instances of ConstantQuantity ( e.g. TimeDependentQuantities are
FunctionQuantities ) . Although the name and definition of PhysicalQuantity is
borrowed from physics PhysicalQuantities need not be material. Aside from the
dimensions of length time velocity etc. nonphysical dimensions such as currency
are also possible. Accordingly amounts of money would be instances of
PhysicalQuantity. PhysicalQuantities are distinguished from Numbers by the fact
that the former are associated with a dimension of measurement.>;
PhysicalState ismem ClassSet;
PhysicalState iss InternalAttribute;
PhysicalState has rdfs:comment += <The physical state of an Object. There are
three reified instances of this Class: Solid Liquid and Gas. Physical changes
are not characterized by the transformation of one substance into another but
rather by the change of the form ( physical states ) of a given substance. For
example melting an iron nail yields a substance still called iron.>;
PhysiologicProcess ismem ClassSet;
PhysiologicProcess iss BiologicalProcess;
PhysiologicProcess has rdfs:comment += <A normal process of an Organism or part
of an Organism.>;
Pint ismem ClassSet;
Pint iss VolumeMeasure;
Pint isu UnitOfMeasure;
Pint has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Quart.>;
Plan ismem ClassSet;
Plan iss Procedure;
Plan has rdfs:comment += <A specification of a sequence of Processes which is
intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time.>;
PlaneAngleMeasure ismem ClassSet;
PlaneAngleMeasure iss AngleMeasure;
PlaneAngleMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The value of an angle in a plane.>;
Planning ismem ClassSet;
Planning iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Planning has rdfs:comment += <Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a set
of goals or objectives.>;
Plant ismem ClassSet;
Plant iss Organism;
Plant has rdfs:comment += <An Organism having cellulose cell walls growing by
synthesis of Substances generally distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll
and lacking the power of locomotion.>;
PlantAnatomicalStructure ismem ClassSet;
PlantAnatomicalStructure iss AnatomicalStructure;
PlantAnatomicalStructure has rdfs:comment += <AnatomicalStructures that are
possessed exclusively by Plants.>;
PlantSubstance ismem ClassSet;
PlantSubstance iss BodySubstance;
PlantSubstance has rdfs:comment += <BodySubstances that are produced exclusively
by Plants.>;
Poking ismem ClassSet;
Poking iss IntentionalProcess;
Poking has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent pierces the
surface of the Object with an instrument.>;
PoliceOrganization ismem ClassSet;
PoliceOrganization iss GovernmentOrganization;
PoliceOrganization has rdfs:comment += <Any GovernmentOrganization that is
charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government.>;
PoliticalOrganization ismem ClassSet;
PoliticalOrganization iss Organization;
PoliticalOrganization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization that is a
subOrganization of a Government or an Organization that is attempting to bring
about some sort of political change.>;
PoliticalProcess ismem ClassSet;
PoliticalProcess iss OrganizationalProcess;
PoliticalProcess has rdfs:comment += <An OrganizationalProcess carried out by
for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples would be voting
on proposed legislation electing a government representative or even
overthrowing a government in a revolution.>;
Pollen ismem ClassSet;
Pollen iss ReproductiveBody;
Pollen iss PlantAnatomicalStructure;
Pollen has rdfs:comment += <A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains
male gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the
same species.>;
Position ismem ClassSet;
Position iss SocialRole;
Position has rdfs:comment += <A formal position of reponsibility within an
Organization. Examples of Positions include president laboratory director senior
researcher sales representative etc.>;
PositionalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
PositionalAttribute iss RelationalAttribute;
PositionalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes characterizing the
orientation of an Object e.g. Vertical versus Horizontal Left versus Right
etc.>;
PositiveInteger ismem ClassSet;
PositiveInteger iss NonnegativeInteger;
PositiveInteger iss PositiveRealNumber;
PositiveInteger has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is greater than zero.>;
PositiveRealNumber ismem ClassSet;
PositiveRealNumber iss NonnegativeRealNumber;
PositiveRealNumber has rdfs:comment += <A RealNumber that is greater than
zero.>;
PoundMass ismem ClassSet;
PoundMass iss MassMeasure;
PoundMass isu UnitOfMeasure;
PoundMass has rdfs:comment += <English mass unit of pounds.>;
Precipitation ismem ClassSet;
Precipitation iss WeatherProcess;
Precipitation has rdfs:comment += <Precipitation is the process of water
molecules falling from the air to the ground in either a liquid or frozen
state.>;
Predicate ismem ClassSet;
Predicate iss Relation;
Predicate isu InheritableRelation;
Predicate has rdfs:comment += <A Predicate is a sentence-forming Relation. Each
tuple in the Relation is a finite ordered sequence of objects. The fact that a
particular tuple is an element of a Predicate is denoted by '(*predicate* arg_1
arg_2 .. arg_n)' where the arg_i are the objects so related. In the case of
BinaryPredicates the fact can be read as `arg_1 is *predicate* arg_2 ' or `a
*predicate* of arg_1 is arg_2 ' .>;
Predicting ismem ClassSet;
Predicting iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Predicting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve the formulation of a Proposition about a state of affairs which
might be realized in the future.>;
PrepositionalPhrase ismem ClassSet;
PrepositionalPhrase iss Phrase;
PrepositionalPhrase has rdfs:comment += <A Phrase that begins with a preposition
and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb.>;
Pretending ismem ClassSet;
Pretending iss SocialInteraction;
Pretending has rdfs:comment += <Any SocialInteraction where a CognitiveAgent or
Group of CognitiveAgents attempts to make another CognitiveAgent or Group of
CognitiveAgents believe something that is false. This covers deceit affectation
impersonation and entertainment productions to give just a few examples.>;
PrimaryColor ismem ClassSet;
PrimaryColor iss ColorAttribute;
PrimaryColor has rdfs:comment += <Colors which can be blended to form any color
and which cannot be derived from any other colors.>;
Primate ismem ClassSet;
Primate iss Mammal;
Primate has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals which are Primates.>;
PrimeNumber ismem ClassSet;
PrimeNumber iss Integer;
PrimeNumber has rdfs:comment += <An Integer that is evenly divisible only by
itself and 1.>;
ProbabilityAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ProbabilityAttribute iss ObjectiveNorm;
ProbabilityAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A class containing all of the
Attributes relating to objective qualitative assessments of probability e.g.
Likely and Unlikely.>;
ProbabilityRelation ismem ClassSet;
ProbabilityRelation iss Relation;
ProbabilityRelation isu InheritableRelation;
ProbabilityRelation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Relations that permit
assessment of the probability of an event or situation.>;
Procedure ismem ClassSet;
Procedure iss Proposition;
Procedure has rdfs:comment += <A sequence-dependent specification. Some examples
are ComputerPrograms finite-state machines cooking recipes musical scores
conference schedules driving directions and the scripts of plays and movies.>;
Process ismem ClassSet;
Process iss Physical;
Process has rdfs:comment += <Intuitively the class of things that happen and
have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events like a football
match or a race actions like Pursuing and Reading and biological processes. The
formal definition is: anything that lasts for a time but is not an Object. Note
that a Process may have participants 'inside' it which are Objects such as the
players in a football match. In a 4D ontology a Process is something whose
spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages roughly
perpendicular to the time-axis.>;
Product ismem ClassSet;
Product iss Artifact;
Product has rdfs:comment += <An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture and
that is intended to be sold.>;
Proposition ismem ClassSet;
Proposition iss Abstract;
Proposition has rdfs:comment += <Propositions are Abstract entities that express
a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example the formula
'(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an
element of the Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the
content expressed by individual sentences of a Language. They may encompass the
content expressed by theories books and even whole libraries. It is important to
distinguish Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A
Proposition is a piece of information e.g. that the cat is on the mat but a
ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. A
Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings
sounds icons etc. For example the Proposition that the cat is on the mat is
represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed on a monitor
and/or printed on paper but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by
some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form>;
PropositionalAttitude ismem ClassSet;
PropositionalAttitude iss IntentionalRelation;
PropositionalAttitude iss AsymmetricRelation;
PropositionalAttitude isu InheritableRelation;
PropositionalAttitude has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalRelations
where the Agent has awareness of a Proposition.>;
Protein ismem ClassSet;
Protein iss Nutrient;
Protein has rdfs:comment += <A Nutrient made up of amino acids joined by peptide
bonds.>;
Proton ismem ClassSet;
Proton iss SubatomicParticle;
Proton has rdfs:comment += <Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have a
positive charge.>;
PsychologicalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
PsychologicalAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
PsychologicalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that characterize the
mental or behavioral life of an Organism.>;
PsychologicalDysfunction ismem ClassSet;
PsychologicalDysfunction iss PsychologicalAttribute;
PsychologicalDysfunction iss DiseaseOrSyndrome;
PsychologicalDysfunction has rdfs:comment += <A clinically significant
dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. These
dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies or
manifestations.>;
PsychologicalProcess ismem ClassSet;
PsychologicalProcess iss BiologicalProcess;
PsychologicalProcess has rdfs:comment += <A BiologicalProcess which takes place
in the mind or brain of an Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior
of the Organism.>;
Publication ismem ClassSet;
Publication iss Manufacture;
Publication iss ContentDevelopment;
Publication has rdfs:comment += <The Manufacture of Texts. Note that there is no
implication that the Texts are distributed. Such distribution when it occurs is
an instance of Dissemination.>;
PureSubstance ismem ClassSet;
PureSubstance iss Substance;
PureSubstance has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Substances with constant
composition. A PureSubstance can be either an element (ElementalSubstance) or a
compound of elements (CompoundSubstance) . Examples: Table salt (sodium
chloride, NaCl) sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}) water (H_2O) iron (Fe)
copper (Cu) and oxygen (O_2) .>;
Pursuing ismem ClassSet;
Pursuing iss IntentionalProcess;
Pursuing has rdfs:comment += <The class of IntentionalProcesses where something
is sought. Some examples would be hunting shopping trawling and stalking.>;
Putting ismem ClassSet;
Putting iss Transfer;
Putting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where something is put in a
location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole destination.>;
Quantity ismem ClassSet;
Quantity iss Abstract;
Quantity has rdfs:comment += <Any specification of how many or how much of
something there is. Accordingly there are two subclasses of Quantity: Number
(how many) and PhysicalQuantity (how much) .>;
QuantityChange ismem ClassSet;
QuantityChange iss InternalChange;
QuantityChange has rdfs:comment += <Any InternalChange where a PhysicalQuantity
associated with the patient is altered.>;
Quart ismem ClassSet;
Quart iss VolumeMeasure;
Quart isu UnitOfMeasure;
Quart has rdfs:comment += <English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a
UnitedStatesGallon.>;
QuaternaryFunction ismem ClassSet;
QuaternaryFunction iss Function;
QuaternaryFunction iss QuintaryRelation;
QuaternaryFunction isu InheritableRelation;
QuaternaryFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Functions that require
exactly four arguments.>;
QuaternaryPredicate ismem ClassSet;
QuaternaryPredicate iss Predicate;
QuaternaryPredicate iss QuaternaryRelation;
QuaternaryPredicate isu InheritableRelation;
QuaternaryPredicate has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Predicates that require
four arguments.>;
QuaternaryRelation ismem ClassSet;
QuaternaryRelation iss Relation;
QuaternaryRelation isu InheritableRelation;
QuaternaryRelation has rdfs:comment += <QuaternaryRelations relate four items.
The two subclasses of QuaternaryRelation are QuaternaryPredicate and
TernaryFunction.>;
Questioning ismem ClassSet;
Questioning iss Directing;
Questioning has rdfs:comment += <A request for information. For example John
asked Bill if the President had said anything about taxes in his State of the
Union address.>;
QuintaryPredicate ismem ClassSet;
QuintaryPredicate iss Predicate;
QuintaryPredicate iss QuintaryRelation;
QuintaryPredicate isu InheritableRelation;
QuintaryPredicate has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Predicates that require five
arguments.>;
QuintaryRelation ismem ClassSet;
QuintaryRelation iss Relation;
QuintaryRelation isu InheritableRelation;
QuintaryRelation has rdfs:comment += <QuintaryRelations relate five items. The
two subclasses of QuintaryRelation are QuintaryPredicate and
QuaternaryFunction.>;
Radian ismem ClassSet;
Radian iss PlaneAngleMeasure;
Radian isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Radian has rdfs:comment += <SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle
of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle ' s radius.
Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut
off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. Radian = m/m =
1.>;
Radiating ismem ClassSet;
Radiating iss Motion;
Radiating has rdfs:comment += <Processes in which some form of electromagnetic
radiation e.g. radio waves light waves electrical energy etc. is given off or
absorbed by something else.>;
RadiatingLight ismem ClassSet;
RadiatingLight iss Radiating;
RadiatingLight has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Radiating in which light is
given off or absorbed. Some examples include blinking flashing and glittering.>;
RadiatingNuclear ismem ClassSet;
RadiatingNuclear iss Radiating;
RadiatingNuclear has rdfs:comment += <Releasing atomic energy i.e. energy from a
nuclear reaction.>;
RadiatingSound ismem ClassSet;
RadiatingSound iss Radiating;
RadiatingSound has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Radiating in which sound
waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking roaring and
whistling.>;
RankineDegree ismem ClassSet;
RankineDegree iss TemperatureMeasure;
RankineDegree isu UnitOfMeasure;
RankineDegree has rdfs:comment += <A TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0
RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero ( i.e. 0 KelvinDegrees ) .>;
RationalNumber ismem ClassSet;
RationalNumber iss RealNumber;
RationalNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any RealNumber that is the product of
dividing two Integers.>;
Reading ismem ClassSet;
Reading iss ContentDevelopment;
Reading has relatedInternalConcept += Interpreting;
Reading has rdfs:comment += <A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content
is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. Note that the
class Interpreting should be used in cases where a Text is read silently.>;
RealNumber ismem ClassSet;
RealNumber iss Number;
RealNumber has rdfs:comment += <Any Number that can be expressed as a (possibly
infinite) decimal i.e. any Number that has a position on the number line.>;
Reasoning ismem ClassSet;
Reasoning iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Reasoning has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve concluding on the basis of either deductive or inductive evidence
that a particular Proposition or Sentence is true.>;
RecreationOrExercise ismem ClassSet;
RecreationOrExercise iss IntentionalProcess;
RecreationOrExercise has rdfs:comment += <A Process that is carried out for the
purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a subclass of
IntentionalProcess the intent of a process determines whether or not it is an
instance of the class. Hence if John and Bill watch the same program on
television and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely to satisfy
an educational requirement then John ' s watching the movie is an instance of
RecreationOrExercise while Bill ' s is not ( both cases of watching the
television program would however be in the class of Seeing since being an
instance of this latter class is not determined by intention ) .>;
ReflexiveRelation ismem ClassSet;
ReflexiveRelation iss BinaryRelation;
ReflexiveRelation has rdfs:comment += <Relation ?REL is reflexive if (?REL ?INST
?INST) for all ?INST.>;
Region ismem ClassSet;
Region iss Object;
Region has rdfs:comment += <A topographic location. Regions encompass surfaces
of Objects imaginary places and GeographicAreas. Note that a Region is the only
kind of Object which can be located at itself. Note too that Region is not a
subclass of SelfConnectedObject because some Regions e.g. archipelagos have
parts which are not connected with one another.>;
RegulatoryProcess ismem ClassSet;
RegulatoryProcess iss Guiding;
RegulatoryProcess has rdfs:comment += <an Guiding whose aim is the enforcement
of rules or regulations. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess and
the related concept Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship
between a single manager and limited number of agents who are managed while the
former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are
referred.>;
Relation ismem ClassSet;
Relation iss Abstract;
Relation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of relations. There are three kinds of
Relation: Predicate Function and List. Predicates and Functions both denote sets
of ordered n-tuples. The difference between these two Classes is that Predicates
cover formula-forming operators while Functions cover term-forming operators. A
List on the other hand is a particular ordered n-tuple.>;
RelationExtendedToQuantities ismem ClassSet;
RelationExtendedToQuantities iss Relation;
RelationExtendedToQuantities isu InheritableRelation;
RelationExtendedToQuantities has rdfs:comment += <A RelationExtendedToQuantities
is a Relation that when it is true on a sequence of arguments that are
RealNumbers it is also true on a sequence of ConstantQuantites with those
magnitudes in some unit of measure. For example the lessThan relation is
extended to quantities. This means that for all pairs of quantities ?QUANTITY1
and ?QUANTITY2 (lessThan ?QUANTITY1 ?QUANTITY2) if and only if for some ?NUMBER1
?NUMBER2 and ?UNIT ?QUANTITY1 = (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT) ?QUANTITY2 =
(MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT) and (lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) for all units ?UNIT
on which ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2 can be measured. Note that when a
RelationExtendedToQuantities is extended from RealNumbers to ConstantQuantities
the ConstantQuantities must be measured along the same physical dimension.>;
RelationalAttribute ismem ClassSet;
RelationalAttribute iss Attribute;
RelationalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Any Attribute that an Entity has by
virtue of a relationship that it bears to another Entity or set of Entities e.g.
SocialRoles and PositionalAttributes.>;
ReligiousOrganization ismem ClassSet;
ReligiousOrganization iss Organization;
ReligiousOrganization iss BeliefGroup;
ReligiousOrganization has rdfs:comment += <An Organization whose members share a
set of religious beliefs.>;
ReligiousProcess ismem ClassSet;
ReligiousProcess iss OrganizationalProcess;
ReligiousProcess has rdfs:comment += <An OrganizationalProcess that is carried
out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.>;
Remembering ismem ClassSet;
Remembering iss PsychologicalProcess;
Remembering has rdfs:comment += <The Class of PsychologicalProcesses which
involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge which was
previously acquired.>;
Removing ismem ClassSet;
Removing iss Transfer;
Removing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where something is taken
away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location are specified
with the CaseRoles patient and origin respectively.>;
Repairing ismem ClassSet;
Repairing iss IntentionalProcess;
Repairing has relatedInternalConcept += Maintaining;
Repairing has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where the agent makes a
modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not functioning as
intended so that it works properly.>;
Replication ismem ClassSet;
Replication iss OrganismProcess;
Replication has rdfs:comment += <The Process of biological reproduction. This
can be either a sexual or an asexual process.>;
RepresentationalArtWork ismem ClassSet;
RepresentationalArtWork iss ArtWork;
RepresentationalArtWork iss Icon;
RepresentationalArtWork has rdfs:comment += <Any ArtWork that represents
something Physical.>;
ReproductiveBody ismem ClassSet;
ReproductiveBody iss BodyPart;
ReproductiveBody has rdfs:comment += <Reproductive structure of Organisms.
Consists of an Embryonic Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. Note that
this class includes seeds spores and FruitOrVegetables as well as the eggs
produced by Animals.>;
Reptile ismem ClassSet;
Reptile iss ColdBloodedVertebrate;
Reptile has rdfs:comment += <A ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external covering
of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of Lungs and generally lay
eggs.>;
Requesting ismem ClassSet;
Requesting iss Directing;
Requesting has rdfs:comment += <A request expresses a desire that some future
action be performed. For example the 5th Battalion requested air support from
the 3rd Bomber Group. Note that this class covers proposals recommendations
suggestions etc.>;
Residence ismem ClassSet;
Residence iss StationaryArtifact;
Residence has rdfs:comment += <A Building or part of a Building which provides
some accomodation for sleeping.>;
ResidentialBuilding ismem ClassSet;
ResidentialBuilding iss Building;
ResidentialBuilding iss Residence;
ResidentialBuilding has rdfs:comment += <A Building which provides some
accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just permanent
residences e.g. Houses and condominium and apartment buildings but also
temporary residences e.g. hotels and dormitories. ResidentialBuildings are also
distinguished from CommercialBuildings which are intended to serve an
organizational rather than a residential function.>;
Roadway ismem ClassSet;
Roadway iss LandTransitway;
Roadway has rdfs:comment += <Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways that are
areas intended for surface travel by self-powered wheeled vehicles excluding
those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been at least minimally improved to
enable the passage of vehicles. Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads paved
streets and expressways.>;
Rodent ismem ClassSet;
Rodent iss Mammal;
Rodent has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Mammals with one or two pairs of
incisors for gnawing. Includes rats mice guinea pigs and rabbits.>;
Room ismem ClassSet;
Room iss StationaryArtifact;
Room has disjoint += Building;
Room has rdfs:comment += <A properPart of a Building which is separated from the
exterior of the Building and/or other Rooms of the Building by walls. Some Rooms
may have a specific purpose e.g. sleeping bathing cooking entertainment etc.>;
Running ismem ClassSet;
Running iss Ambulating;
Running has rdfs:comment += <Ambulating relatively quickly i.e. moving in such a
way that with each step neither foot is in contact with the ground for a period
of time.>;
SaltWaterArea ismem ClassSet;
SaltWaterArea iss WaterArea;
SaltWaterArea has disjoint += FreshWaterArea;
SaltWaterArea has rdfs:comment += <A WaterArea whose Water is saline e.g. oceans
and seas.>;
SaturationAttribute ismem ClassSet;
SaturationAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
SaturationAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A Class of Attributes that specify in a
qualitative manner the extent of the presence of one kind of Object in another
kind of Object.>;
Saturday ismem ClassSet;
Saturday iss Day;
Saturday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Saturdays.>;
Second ismem ClassSet;
Second iss TimeInterval;
Second has relatedInternalConcept += SecondDuration;
Second has relatedInternalConcept += SecondFn;
Second has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all clock Seconds.>;
SecondDuration ismem ClassSet;
SecondDuration iss TimeDuration;
SecondDuration isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
SecondDuration has rdfs:comment += <SI TimeDuration. Symbol: s. It is one of the
base units in SI and it is currently defined as follows: the SecondDuration is
the duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium
133 atom.>;
Seed ismem ClassSet;
Seed iss ReproductiveBody;
Seed iss PlantAnatomicalStructure;
Seed has rdfs:comment += <The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody
of a FloweringPlant.>;
Seeing ismem ClassSet;
Seeing iss Perception;
Seeing has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is
done by an ocular Organ.>;
Selecting ismem ClassSet;
Selecting iss IntentionalPsychologicalProcess;
Selecting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses
which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities.
Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating.>;
SelfConnectedObject ismem ClassSet;
SelfConnectedObject iss Object;
SelfConnectedObject has rdfs:comment += <A SelfConnectedObject is any Object
that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts.>;
Selling ismem ClassSet;
Selling iss FinancialTransaction;
Selling has rdfs:comment += <A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of
Physical is exchanged for an instance of CurrencyMeasure.>;
Sentence ismem ClassSet;
Sentence iss LinguisticExpression;
Sentence has rdfs:comment += <A syntactically well-formed formula of a Language.
It includes at minimum a predicate and a subject ( which may be explicit or
implicit ) and it expresses a Proposition.>;
SentientAgent ismem ClassSet;
SentientAgent iss Agent;
SentientAgent has rdfs:comment += <An Agent that has rights but may or may not
have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are present then
the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. Domesticated animals are an
example of SentientAgents that are not also CognitiveAgents.>;
Separating ismem ClassSet;
Separating iss DualObjectProcess;
Separating has disjoint += Combining;
Separating has rdfs:comment += <A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is
separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different from
Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not being
connected. Note too that Separating is different from Removing in that one or
both of the two things which are separated may or may not be moved from the
location where they were separated.>;
September ismem ClassSet;
September iss Month;
September has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Months which are September.>;
SequenceFunction ismem ClassSet;
SequenceFunction iss OneToOneFunction;
SequenceFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of OneToOneFunctions whose range
is a subclass of the PositiveIntegers.>;
Series ismem ClassSet;
Series iss Text;
Series has rdfs:comment += <A Text consisting of multiple self-contained units.
Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes a television
series made up of many episodes a film serial etc.>;
Set ismem ClassSet;
Set iss SetOrClass;
Set has rdfs:comment += <A SetOrClass that satisfies extensionality as well as
other constraints specified by some choice of set theory. Sets differ from
Classes in two important respects. First Sets are extensional - two Sets with
the same elements are identical. Second a Set can be an arbitrary stock of
objects. That is there is no requirement that Sets have an associated condition
that determines their membership. Note that Sets are not assumed to be unique
sets i.e. elements of a Set may occur more than once in the Set.>;
SetOrClass ismem ClassSet;
SetOrClass iss Abstract;
SetOrClass has rdfs:comment += <The SetOrClass of Sets and Classes i.e. any
instance of Abstract that has elements or instances.>;
SexAttribute ismem ClassSet;
SexAttribute iss BiologicalAttribute;
SexAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate the sex of an
Organism.>;
SexualReproduction ismem ClassSet;
SexualReproduction iss Replication;
SexualReproduction has disjoint += AsexualReproduction;
SexualReproduction has rdfs:comment += <Sexual Processes of biological
reproduction.>;
ShapeAttribute ismem ClassSet;
ShapeAttribute iss InternalAttribute;
ShapeAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Any Attribute that relates to the shape of
an Object.>;
ShapeChange ismem ClassSet;
ShapeChange iss InternalChange;
ShapeChange has rdfs:comment += <The Process of changing the shape of an
Object.>;
Shooting ismem ClassSet;
Shooting iss Impelling;
Shooting has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Impelling where the patient is a
projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of Device.>;
ShoreArea ismem ClassSet;
ShoreArea iss LandArea;
ShoreArea has rdfs:comment += <A ShoreArea is a LandArea approximately 1-3 km
wide bordering a body of water such as an ocean bay river or lake. A ShoreArea
may comprise a variety of LandForms such as dunes sloughs and marshes.>;
Singing ismem ClassSet;
Singing iss Speaking;
Singing iss Music;
Singing has rdfs:comment += <Speaking that is also Music.>;
SingleFamilyResidence ismem ClassSet;
SingleFamilyResidence iss PermanentResidence;
SingleFamilyResidence has rdfs:comment += <A PermanentResidence which is
intended to be the home of a single SocialUnit. This class covers Houses
ApartmentUnits and CondominiumUnits.>;
SingleValuedRelation ismem ClassSet;
SingleValuedRelation iss Relation;
SingleValuedRelation isu InheritableRelation;
SingleValuedRelation has rdfs:comment += <A Relation is a SingleValuedRelation
just in case an assignment of values to every argument position except the last
one determines at most one assignment for the last argument position. Note that
not all SingleValuedRelations are TotalValuedRelations.>;
Smelling ismem ClassSet;
Smelling iss Perception;
Smelling has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is
done by an olefactory Organ.>;
Smoke ismem ClassSet;
Smoke iss Cloud;
Smoke has rdfs:comment += <A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that
is produced by Combustion.>;
SocialInteraction ismem ClassSet;
SocialInteraction iss IntentionalProcess;
SocialInteraction has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of IntentionalProcess that
involves interactions between CognitiveAgents.>;
SocialRole ismem ClassSet;
SocialRole iss RelationalAttribute;
SocialRole has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all Attributes that specify the
position or status of a CognitiveAgent within an Organization or other Group.>;
SocialUnit ismem ClassSet;
SocialUnit iss GroupOfPeople;
SocialUnit has rdfs:comment += <A GroupOfPeople who all have the same home.>;
SolidAngleMeasure ismem ClassSet;
SolidAngleMeasure iss AngleMeasure;
SolidAngleMeasure has disjoint += PlaneAngleMeasure;
SolidAngleMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The value of an angle in a solid.>;
Solution ismem ClassSet;
Solution iss LiquidMixture;
Solution has rdfs:comment += <A liquid mixture. The most abundant component in a
solution is called the solvent. Other components are called solutes. A solution
though homogeneous may nonetheless have variable composition. Any amount of salt
up to a maximum limit can be dissolved in a given amount of water.>;
SpatialRelation ismem ClassSet;
SpatialRelation iss Relation;
SpatialRelation isu InheritableRelation;
SpatialRelation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Relations that are spatial in
a wide sense. This Class includes mereological relations and topological
relations.>;
Speaking ismem ClassSet;
Speaking iss LinguisticCommunication;
Speaking iss Vocalizing;
Speaking has rdfs:comment += <Any LinguisticGeneration which is also a
Vocalizing i.e. any LinguisticCommunication by a Human which involves his/her
vocal cords.>;
SpokenHumanLanguage ismem ClassSet;
SpokenHumanLanguage iss HumanLanguage;
SpokenHumanLanguage has rdfs:comment += <A SpokenHumanLanguage is a
HumanLanguage which has as its medium the human voice. It can also berepresented
visually through writing although not all SpokenHumanLanguages have a codified
written form.>;
Spore ismem ClassSet;
Spore iss ReproductiveBody;
Spore iss PlantAnatomicalStructure;
Spore has rdfs:comment += <Any ReproductiveBody of a NonFloweringPlant.>;
Sport ismem ClassSet;
Sport iss Game;
Sport has rdfs:comment += <A Game which requires some degree of physical
exercion from the participants of the game.>;
StateChange ismem ClassSet;
StateChange iss InternalChange;
StateChange has rdfs:comment += <Any Process where the PhysicalState of part of
the patient of the Process changes.>;
StateOfMind ismem ClassSet;
StateOfMind iss PsychologicalAttribute;
StateOfMind has rdfs:comment += <The class StateOfMind is distinguished from its
complement TraitAttribute by the fact that instances of the former are transient
while instances of the latter are persistent features of a creature ' s
behavioral/psychological make-up.>;
StateOrProvince ismem ClassSet;
StateOrProvince iss GeopoliticalArea;
StateOrProvince iss LandArea;
StateOrProvince has rdfs:comment += <Administrative subdivisions of a Nation
that are broader than any other political subdivisions that may exist. This
Class includes the states of the United States as well as the provinces of
Canada and European countries.>;
StaticWaterArea ismem ClassSet;
StaticWaterArea iss WaterArea;
StaticWaterArea has rdfs:comment += <A WaterArea in which water does not flow
constantly or in the same direction e.g. most lakes and ponds.>;
Stating ismem ClassSet;
Stating iss LinguisticCommunication;
Stating has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class commit the agent to some
truth. For example John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese.>;
StationaryArtifact ismem ClassSet;
StationaryArtifact iss Artifact;
StationaryArtifact has rdfs:comment += <A StationaryArtifact is an Artifact that
has a fixed spatial location. Most instances of this Class are architectural
works e.g. the Eiffel Tower the Great Pyramids office towers single-family
houses etc.>;
Steradian ismem ClassSet;
Steradian iss SolidAngleMeasure;
Steradian isu SystemeInternationalUnit;
Steradian has rdfs:comment += <SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is the
solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose area is
equal to the square of the sphere ' s radius. Another definition is: the solid
angle which having its vertex in the center of the sphere cuts off an area of
the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal
to the radius of the sphere. Steradian = m^2/m^2 = 1.>;
StreamWaterArea ismem ClassSet;
StreamWaterArea iss WaterArea;
StreamWaterArea has disjoint += StaticWaterArea;
StreamWaterArea has rdfs:comment += <A relatively narrow WaterArea where the
water flows constantly and in the same direction e.g. a river a stream etc.>;
SubatomicParticle ismem ClassSet;
SubatomicParticle iss ElementalSubstance;
SubatomicParticle has rdfs:comment += <The class of ElementalSubstances that are
smaller than Atoms and compose Atoms.>;
SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute ismem ClassSet;
SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute iss NormativeAttribute;
SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute has disjoint += ObjectiveNorm;
SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute has rdfs:comment += <The Class of
NormativeAttributes which lack an objective criterion for their attribution i.e.
the attribution of these Attributes varies from subject to subject and even with
respect to the same subject over time. This Class is generally speaking only
used when mapping external knowledge sources to the SUMO. If a term from such a
knowledge source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution it is
assigned to this Class.>;
Substance ismem ClassSet;
Substance iss SelfConnectedObject;
Substance has rdfs:comment += <An Object in which every part is similar to every
other in every relevant respect. More precisely something is a Substance when it
has only arbitrary pieces as parts - any parts have properties which are similar
to those of the whole. Note that a Substance may nonetheless have physical
properties that vary. For example the temperature chemical constitution density
etc. may change from one part to another. An example would be a body of water.>;
Substituting ismem ClassSet;
Substituting iss Transfer;
Substituting iss DualObjectProcess;
Substituting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Transfers where one thing is
replaced with something else.>;
Summary ismem ClassSet;
Summary iss Text;
Summary has rdfs:comment += <A short Text that is a summary of another longer
Text.>;
Sunday ismem ClassSet;
Sunday iss Day;
Sunday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Sundays.>;
Supposing ismem ClassSet;
Supposing iss LinguisticCommunication;
Supposing has rdfs:comment += <Instances of this Class suppose for the sake of
argument that a proposition is true. For example John considered what he would
do if he won the lottery.>;
SurfaceChange ismem ClassSet;
SurfaceChange iss InternalChange;
SurfaceChange has rdfs:comment += <Processes which involve altering the
properties that apply to the surface of an Object.>;
Surgery ismem ClassSet;
Surgery iss TherapeuticProcess;
Surgery has rdfs:comment += <Any TherapeuticProcess that involves making an
incision in the Animal that is the patient of the TherapeuticProcess.>;
Suspension ismem ClassSet;
Suspension iss LiquidMixture;
Suspension has rdfs:comment += <A LiquidMixture where at least one of the
components of the Mixture is equally distributed throughout the Mixture but is
not dissolved in it.>;
SymbolicString ismem ClassSet;
SymbolicString iss ContentBearingObject;
SymbolicString has rdfs:comment += <The Class of alphanumeric sequences.>;
SymmetricRelation ismem ClassSet;
SymmetricRelation iss BinaryRelation;
SymmetricRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation ?REL is symmetric just
in case (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) imples ( ?REL ?INST2 ?INST1 ) for all ?INST1 and
?INST2.>;
SyntheticSubstance ismem ClassSet;
SyntheticSubstance iss Substance;
SyntheticSubstance has rdfs:comment += <Any Substance that is the result of an
IntentionalProcess i.e. any substance that is created by Humans.>;
SystemeInternationalUnit ismem ClassSet;
SystemeInternationalUnit iss UnitOfMeasure;
SystemeInternationalUnit has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Systeme International
(SI) units.>;
TactilePerception ismem ClassSet;
TactilePerception iss Perception;
TactilePerception has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the
sensing is done by Touching. Note that Touching need not involve
TactilePerception. For example a person who has lost all sensation in both of
his legs would have no TactilePerception of anything his legs were Touching.>;
Tasting ismem ClassSet;
Tasting iss Perception;
Tasting has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is
done by of an Organ which can discriminate various tastes.>;
TemperatureMeasure ismem ClassSet;
TemperatureMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
TemperatureMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Measures of temperature. In scientific
circles the temperature of something is understood as the average velocity of
the atoms or molecules that make up the thing.>;
TemporalRelation ismem ClassSet;
TemporalRelation iss Relation;
TemporalRelation isu InheritableRelation;
TemporalRelation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of temporal Relations. This
Class includes notions of (temporal) topology of intervals (temporal) schemata
and (temporal) extension.>;
TemporaryResidence ismem ClassSet;
TemporaryResidence iss Residence;
TemporaryResidence has rdfs:comment += <A Residence which is strictly temporary
i.e. where no one makes his/her home.>;
TerminatingEmployment ismem ClassSet;
TerminatingEmployment iss LeavingAnOrganization;
TerminatingEmployment has rdfs:comment += <OrganizationalProcesses where someone
ceases to be an employee of an Organization. Note that this covers being laid
off being fired and voluntarily leaving a job.>;
TernaryFunction ismem ClassSet;
TernaryFunction iss Function;
TernaryFunction iss QuaternaryRelation;
TernaryFunction isu InheritableRelation;
TernaryFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Functions that require exactly
three arguments.>;
TernaryPredicate ismem ClassSet;
TernaryPredicate iss Predicate;
TernaryPredicate iss TernaryRelation;
TernaryPredicate isu InheritableRelation;
TernaryPredicate has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Predicates that require
exactly three arguments.>;
TernaryRelation ismem ClassSet;
TernaryRelation iss Relation;
TernaryRelation isu InheritableRelation;
TernaryRelation has rdfs:comment += <TernaryRelations relate three items. The
two subclasses of TernaryRelation are TernaryPredicate and BinaryFunction.>;
Text ismem ClassSet;
Text iss LinguisticExpression;
Text iss Artifact;
Text has rdfs:comment += <A LinguisticExpression or set of LinguisticExpressions
that perform a specific function related to Communication e.g. express a
discourse about a particular topic and that are inscribed in a CorpuscularObject
by Humans.>;
TherapeuticProcess ismem ClassSet;
TherapeuticProcess iss Repairing;
TherapeuticProcess has rdfs:comment += <A Process that is carried out for the
purpose of curing improving or reducing the pain associated with a
DiseaseOrSyndrome.>;
ThreeDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
ThreeDimensionalFigure iss GeometricFigure;
ThreeDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of GeometricFigures that
have position and an extension along three dimensions viz. geometric solids like
polyhedrons and cylinders.>;
Thursday ismem ClassSet;
Thursday iss Day;
Thursday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Thursdays.>;
TimeDependentQuantity ismem ClassSet;
TimeDependentQuantity iss UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity;
TimeDependentQuantity has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity of
continuous time. All instances of this Class are returned by Functions that map
a time quantity into another ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example
'the temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a
TimeDependentQuantity since its value depends on the time.>;
TimeDuration ismem ClassSet;
TimeDuration iss TimeMeasure;
TimeDuration has rdfs:comment += <Any measure of length of time with or without
respect to the universal timeline.>;
TimeInterval ismem ClassSet;
TimeInterval iss TimePosition;
TimeInterval has rdfs:comment += <An interval of time. Note that a TimeInterval
has both an extent and a location on the universal timeline. Note too that a
TimeInterval has no gaps i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals.>;
TimeMeasure ismem ClassSet;
TimeMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
TimeMeasure has rdfs:comment += <The class of temporal durations ( instances of
TimeDuration ) and positions of TimePoints and TimeIntervals along the universal
timeline (instances of TimePosition) .>;
TimePoint ismem ClassSet;
TimePoint iss TimePosition;
TimePoint has rdfs:comment += <An extensionless point on the universal timeline.
The TimePoints at which Processes occur can be known with various degrees of
precision and approximation but conceptually TimePoints are point-like and not
interval-like. That is it doesn ' t make sense to talk about how long a
TimePoint lasts.>;
TimePosition ismem ClassSet;
TimePosition iss TimeMeasure;
TimePosition has rdfs:comment += <Any TimePoint or TimeInterval along the
universal timeline from NegativeInfinity to PositiveInfinity.>;
TimeZone ismem ClassSet;
TimeZone iss RelationalAttribute;
TimeZone has rdfs:comment += <An Attribute which is used to specify coordinates
in which time measures are uniform i.e. all time devices are synchronized to the
same TimePositions.>;
Tissue ismem ClassSet;
Tissue iss BodySubstance;
Tissue has rdfs:comment += <An aggregation of similarly specialized Cells and
the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in
comparison to BodyParts Organs or Organ components. The main features of Tissues
are self-connectivity ( see SelfConnectedObject ) and being a homogeneous mass (
all parts in the same granularity are instances of Tissue as well ) .>;
TotalOrderingRelation ismem ClassSet;
TotalOrderingRelation iss PartialOrderingRelation;
TotalOrderingRelation iss TrichotomizingRelation;
TotalOrderingRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is a
TotalOrderingRelation if it is a PartialOrderingRelation and a
TrichotomizingRelation.>;
TotalValuedRelation ismem ClassSet;
TotalValuedRelation iss Relation;
TotalValuedRelation isu InheritableRelation;
TotalValuedRelation has rdfs:comment += <A Relation is a TotalValuedRelation
just in case there exists an assignment for the last argument position of the
Relation given any assignment of values to every argument position except the
last one. Note that declaring a Relation to be both a TotalValuedRelation and a
SingleValuedRelation means that it is a total function.>;
Touching ismem ClassSet;
Touching iss Transfer;
Touching has rdfs:comment += <Any Transfer where two Objects are brought into
immediate physical contact with one another.>;
TraitAttribute ismem ClassSet;
TraitAttribute iss PsychologicalAttribute;
TraitAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Attributes that indicate the the
behavior/personality traits of an Organism.>;
Transaction ismem ClassSet;
Transaction iss ChangeOfPossession;
Transaction iss DualObjectProcess;
Transaction has rdfs:comment += <The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where
something is exchanged for something else.>;
Transfer ismem ClassSet;
Transfer iss Translocation;
Transfer has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Translocation where the agent and
the patient are not the same thing.>;
TransitiveRelation ismem ClassSet;
TransitiveRelation iss BinaryRelation;
TransitiveRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation ?REL is transitive if
(?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply (?REL ?INST1 ?INST3) for all
?INST1 ?INST2 and ?INST3.>;
Transitway ismem ClassSet;
Transitway iss Region;
Transitway iss SelfConnectedObject;
Transitway has rdfs:comment += <Transitway is the broadest class of regions
which may be passed through as a path in instances of Translocation. Transitway
includes land air and sea regions and it includes both natural and artificial
transitways.>;
Translating ismem ClassSet;
Translating iss ContentDevelopment;
Translating iss DualObjectProcess;
Translating has rdfs:comment += <Converting content from one Language into
another. This covers oral translation (i.e. interpreting) as well as written
translation.>;
Translocation ismem ClassSet;
Translocation iss Motion;
Translocation has rdfs:comment += <Translocation is that class of Motions in
which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round trips the
origin and destination are the same but the intervening motion passes through
other locations. Translocation represents linear motion in contrast to rotation
or other movement in place. A vehicle is not necessary ; Ambulating is a kind of
Translocation.>;
Transportation ismem ClassSet;
Transportation iss Translocation;
Transportation has relatedInternalConcept += TransportationDevice;
Transportation has rdfs:comment += <Motion from one point to another by means of
a TransportationDevice.>;
TransportationDevice ismem ClassSet;
TransportationDevice iss Device;
TransportationDevice has rdfs:comment += <A TransportationDevice is a Device
which serves as the instrument in a Transportation Process which carries the
patient of the Process from one point to another.>;
TrichotomizingRelation ismem ClassSet;
TrichotomizingRelation iss BinaryRelation;
TrichotomizingRelation has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation ?REL is a
TrichotomizingRelation just in case all ordered pairs consisting of distinct
individuals are elements of ?REL.>;
TruthValue ismem ClassSet;
TruthValue iss RelationalAttribute;
TruthValue has rdfs:comment += <The Class of truth values e.g. True and False.
These are Attributes of Sentences and Propositions.>;
Tuesday ismem ClassSet;
Tuesday iss Day;
Tuesday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Tuesdays.>;
TwoDimensionalAngle ismem ClassSet;
TwoDimensionalAngle iss OpenTwoDimensionalFigure;
TwoDimensionalAngle has rdfs:comment += <Any two OneDimensionalFigures ( i.e.
straight lines ) meeting at a single GeometricPoint.>;
TwoDimensionalFigure ismem ClassSet;
TwoDimensionalFigure iss GeometricFigure;
TwoDimensionalFigure has rdfs:comment += <The class of GeometricFigures that
have position and an extension along two dimensions viz. plane figures like
circles and polygons.>;
UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity ismem ClassSet;
UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity iss FunctionQuantity;
UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity has rdfs:comment += <The class of
FunctionQuantities that are returned by UnaryFunctions that map from the Class
ConstantQuantity to the Class ConstantQuantity.>;
UnaryFunction ismem ClassSet;
UnaryFunction iss Function;
UnaryFunction iss BinaryRelation;
UnaryFunction isu InheritableRelation;
UnaryFunction has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Functions that require a single
argument.>;
Uncovering ismem ClassSet;
Uncovering iss Removing;
Uncovering has disjoint += Covering;
Uncovering has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Removing processes where the agent
uncovers the patient either completely or only partially.>;
Ungrasping ismem ClassSet;
Ungrasping iss Detaching;
Ungrasping has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Detaching which results in a
situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something which he/she
grasps previously.>;
UnilateralGetting ismem ClassSet;
UnilateralGetting iss Getting;
UnilateralGetting has relatedInternalConcept += UnilateralGiving;
UnilateralGetting has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Getting that is not part
of a Transaction. In other words any instance of Getting where nothing is given
in return. Some examples of UnilateralGetting are: appropriating commandeering
stealing etc.>;
UnilateralGiving ismem ClassSet;
UnilateralGiving iss Giving;
UnilateralGiving has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of Giving that is not part of
a Transaction. In other words any instance of Giving where nothing is received
in return. Some examples of UnilateralGiving are: honorary awards gifts and
financial grants.>;
UniqueList ismem ClassSet;
UniqueList iss List;
UniqueList has rdfs:comment += <A List in which no item appears more than once
i.e. a List for which there are no distinct numbers ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 such
that (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1) and (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2) return the
same value.>;
UnitOfMeasure ismem ClassSet;
UnitOfMeasure iss PhysicalQuantity;
UnitOfMeasure has rdfs:comment += <A standard of measurement for some dimension.
For example the Meter is a UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length as is the
Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a UnitOfMeasure that makes it primitive
or fundamental ; rather a system of units ( e.g. SystemeInternationalUnit )
defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and assigns units for each.>;
UnitedStatesCent ismem ClassSet;
UnitedStatesCent iss CurrencyMeasure;
UnitedStatesCent isu UnitOfMeasure;
UnitedStatesCent has rdfs:comment += <A currency measure. 1 UnitedStatesCent is
equal to .01 UnitedStatesDollars.>;
UnitedStatesDollar ismem ClassSet;
UnitedStatesDollar iss CurrencyMeasure;
UnitedStatesDollar isu UnitOfMeasure;
UnitedStatesDollar has rdfs:comment += <A currency measure.>;
UnitedStatesGallon ismem ClassSet;
UnitedStatesGallon iss VolumeMeasure;
UnitedStatesGallon isu UnitOfMeasure;
UnitedStatesGallon has rdfs:comment += <Unit of volume commonly used in the
United States.>;
ValidDeductiveArgument ismem ClassSet;
ValidDeductiveArgument iss DeductiveArgument;
ValidDeductiveArgument has rdfs:comment += <A DeductiveArgument which is valid
i.e. the set of premises in fact entails the conclusion.>;
VariableArityRelation ismem ClassSet;
VariableArityRelation iss Relation;
VariableArityRelation has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Relations that do not
have a fixed number of arguments.>;
Vehicle ismem ClassSet;
Vehicle iss TransportationDevice;
Vehicle has rdfs:comment += <Vehicle is the subclass of TransportationDevices
that transport passengers or goods from one place to another by moving from one
place to the other with them e.g. cars trucks ferries and airplanes. Contrast
with devices such as pipelines escalators or supermarket checkout belts which
carry items from one place to another by means of a moving part without the
device removing from the origin to the destination.>;
Verb ismem ClassSet;
Verb iss Word;
Verb has rdfs:comment += <One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that
conventionally denote Processes.>;
VerbPhrase ismem ClassSet;
VerbPhrase iss Phrase;
VerbPhrase has rdfs:comment += <A Phrase that has the same function as a Verb.>;
Vertebrate ismem ClassSet;
Vertebrate iss Animal;
Vertebrate has rdfs:comment += <An Animal which has a spinal column.>;
ViolentContest ismem ClassSet;
ViolentContest iss Contest;
ViolentContest has rdfs:comment += <A Contest where one participant attempts to
physically injure another participant.>;
Virus ismem ClassSet;
Virus iss Microorganism;
Virus has rdfs:comment += <An Organism consisting of a core of a single nucleic
acid enclosed in a protective coat of protein. A virus may replicate only inside
a host living cell. A virus exhibits some but not all of the usual
characteristics of living things.>;
Vitamin ismem ClassSet;
Vitamin iss Nutrient;
Vitamin has rdfs:comment += <A Nutrient present in natural products or made
synthetically which is essential in the diet of Humans and other higher Animals.
Included here are Vitamin precursors and provitamins.>;
Vocalizing ismem ClassSet;
Vocalizing iss RadiatingSound;
Vocalizing iss BodyMotion;
Vocalizing has rdfs:comment += <Any instance of RadiatingSound where the
instrument is the Human vocal cords. This covers grunts screams roars as well as
Speaking.>;
VolumeMeasure ismem ClassSet;
VolumeMeasure iss ConstantQuantity;
VolumeMeasure has rdfs:comment += <Measures of the amount of space in three
dimensions.>;
Voting ismem ClassSet;
Voting iss Deciding;
Voting has rdfs:comment += <Voting is the activity of voting in an Election.
Voting is typically done by individuals while Elections are conducted by
Organizations. The voting process by an individual voter is part of an Election
process.>;
Walking ismem ClassSet;
Walking iss Ambulating;
Walking has rdfs:comment += <Ambulating relatively slowly i.e. moving in such a
way that at least one foot is always in contact with the ground.>;
War ismem ClassSet;
War iss ViolentContest;
War has rdfs:comment += <A military confrontation between two or more
GeopoliticalAreas or Organizations whose members are GeopoliticalAreas. As the
corresponding axiom specifies a War is made up of Battles.>;
WarmBloodedVertebrate ismem ClassSet;
WarmBloodedVertebrate iss Vertebrate;
WarmBloodedVertebrate has disjoint += ColdBloodedVertebrate;
WarmBloodedVertebrate has rdfs:comment += <Vertebrates whose body temperature is
internally regulated.>;
Water ismem ClassSet;
Water iss CompoundSubstance;
Water has rdfs:comment += <The Class of samples of the compound H20. Note that
this Class covers both pure and impure Water.>;
WaterArea ismem ClassSet;
WaterArea iss GeographicArea;
WaterArea has rdfs:comment += <A body which is made up predominantly of water
e.g. rivers lakes oceans etc.>;
WaterCloud ismem ClassSet;
WaterCloud iss Cloud;
WaterCloud has rdfs:comment += <Any Cloud that is composed primarily of water
vapor.>;
Weapon ismem ClassSet;
Weapon iss Device;
Weapon has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Devices that are designed primarily to
damage or destroy Humans/Animals StationaryArtifacts or the places inhabited by
Humans/Animals.>;
WeatherProcess ismem ClassSet;
WeatherProcess iss Motion;
WeatherProcess has disjoint += IntentionalProcess;
WeatherProcess has rdfs:comment += <WeatherProcess is the broadest class of
processes that involve weather including weather seasons ( not to be confused
with instances of SeasonOfYear ) weather systems and short-term weather
events.>;
Wedding ismem ClassSet;
Wedding iss Declaring;
Wedding has rdfs:comment += <Any Declaring that leads to one person being the
spouse of another.>;
Wednesday ismem ClassSet;
Wednesday iss Day;
Wednesday has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Wednesdays.>;
Week ismem ClassSet;
Week iss TimeInterval;
Week has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar weeks.>;
WeekDuration ismem ClassSet;
WeekDuration iss TimeDuration;
WeekDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
WeekDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. A week ' s duration is seven
days.>;
Wetting ismem ClassSet;
Wetting iss Putting;
Wetting has rdfs:comment += <The Class of Processes where a Liquid is added to
an Object.>;
Wind ismem ClassSet;
Wind iss GasMotion;
Wind has rdfs:comment += <Any Motion of Air.>;
Woman ismem ClassSet;
Woman iss Human;
Woman has rdfs:comment += <The class of Female Humans.>;
Word ismem ClassSet;
Word iss LinguisticExpression;
Word has rdfs:comment += <A term of a Language that represents a concept.>;
Worm ismem ClassSet;
Worm iss Invertebrate;
Worm has rdfs:comment += <Long narrow soft-bodied Invertebrates.>;
Writing ismem ClassSet;
Writing iss ContentDevelopment;
Writing has rdfs:comment += <A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content
is converted from one form ( e.g. uttered written or represented mentally ) into
a written form. Note that this class covers both transcription and original
creation of written Texts.>;
Year ismem ClassSet;
Year iss TimeInterval;
Year has relatedInternalConcept += YearFn;
Year has relatedInternalConcept += YearDuration;
Year has rdfs:comment += <The Class of all calendar Years.>;
YearDuration ismem ClassSet;
YearDuration iss TimeDuration;
YearDuration isu UnitOfMeasure;
YearDuration has rdfs:comment += <Time unit. one calendar year. 1 year = 365
days = 31536000 seconds.>;
AbsoluteValueFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
AbsoluteValueFn has rdfs:comment += <The value of (AbsoluteValueFn ?NUMBER) is
the absolute value of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.>;
AbsoluteValueFn isu UnaryFunction;
AbsoluteValueFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
AbsoluteValueFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
AbsoluteValueFn has rdfs:range += NonnegativeRealNumber;
AbstractionFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
AbstractionFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a Class into the
instance of Attribute that specifies the condition (s) for membership in the
Class.>;
AbstractionFn isu UnaryFunction;
AbstractionFn isu PartialValuedRelation;
AbstractionFn has rdfs:domain += Class;
AbstractionFn has rdfs:range += Attribute;
BackFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
BackFn has rdfs:comment += <A Function that maps an Object to the side that is
opposite the FrontFn of the Object. Note that this is a partial function since
some Objects do not have sides e.g. apples and spheres. Note too that the range
of this Function is indefinite in much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and
ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from
a theoretical standpoint it does not have significant practical implications
since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common
cases.>;
BackFn isu SpatialRelation;
BackFn isu PartialValuedRelation;
BackFn isu UnaryFunction;
BackFn isu AsymmetricRelation;
BackFn isu IrreflexiveRelation;
BackFn has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
BackFn has rdfs:range += SelfConnectedObject;
BeginFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
BeginFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to the
TimePoint at which the interval begins.>;
BeginFn isu TemporalRelation;
BeginFn isu UnaryFunction;
BeginFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
BeginFn has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
BeginFn has rdfs:range += TimePoint;
CardinalityFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
CardinalityFn has rdfs:comment += <(CardinalityFn ?CLASS) returns the number of
instances in the SetOrClass ?CLASS or the number of members in the ?CLASS
Collection.>;
CardinalityFn isu UnaryFunction;
CardinalityFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
CardinalityFn isu AsymmetricRelation;
CardinalityFn has rdfs:range += Number;
CeilingFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
CeilingFn has rdfs:comment += <(CeilingFn ?NUMBER) returns the smallest Integer
greater than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.>;
CeilingFn isu UnaryFunction;
CeilingFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
CeilingFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
CeilingFn has rdfs:range += Integer;
ComplementFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
ComplementFn has rdfs:comment += <The complement of a given SetOrClass C is the
SetOrClass of all things that are not instances of C. In other words an object
is an instance of the complement of a SetOrClass C just in case it is not an
instance of C.>;
ComplementFn isu UnaryFunction;
ComplementFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
ComplementFn has rdfs:domain += SetOrClass;
ComplementFn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
CosineFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
CosineFn has rdfs:comment += <(CosineFn ?DEGREE) returns the cosine of the
PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The cosine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side next
to ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle.>;
CosineFn isu UnaryFunction;
CosineFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
CosineFn has rdfs:domain += PlaneAngleMeasure;
CosineFn has rdfs:range += RealNumber;
DenominatorFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
DenominatorFn has rdfs:comment += <(DenominatorFn ?NUMBER) returns the
denominator of the canonical reduced form of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.>;
DenominatorFn isu UnaryFunction;
DenominatorFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
DenominatorFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
DenominatorFn has rdfs:range += Integer;
EndFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
EndFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to the
TimePoint at which the interval ends.>;
EndFn isu TemporalRelation;
EndFn isu UnaryFunction;
EndFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
EndFn has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
EndFn has rdfs:range += TimePoint;
ExtensionFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
ExtensionFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps an Attribute into the
Class whose condition for membership is the Attribute.>;
ExtensionFn isu UnaryFunction;
ExtensionFn isu PartialValuedRelation;
ExtensionFn has rdfs:domain += Attribute;
ExtensionFn has rdfs:range += Class;
FloorFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
FloorFn has rdfs:comment += <(FloorFn ?NUMBER) returns the largest Integer less
than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.>;
FloorFn isu UnaryFunction;
FloorFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
FloorFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
FloorFn has rdfs:range += Integer;
FrontFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
FrontFn has rdfs:comment += <A Function that maps an Object to the side that
generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in
which the Object moves. Note that this is a partial function since some Objects
do not have sides e.g. apples and spheres. Note too that the range of this
Function is indefinite in much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and
ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from
a theoretical standpoint it does not have significant practical implications
since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common
cases.>;
FrontFn isu SpatialRelation;
FrontFn isu PartialValuedRelation;
FrontFn isu UnaryFunction;
FrontFn isu AsymmetricRelation;
FrontFn isu IrreflexiveRelation;
FrontFn has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
FrontFn has rdfs:range += SelfConnectedObject;
FutureFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
FutureFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition to the
TimeInterval which it meets and which ends at PositiveInfinity.>;
FutureFn isu TemporalRelation;
FutureFn isu UnaryFunction;
FutureFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
FutureFn has rdfs:domain += TimePosition;
FutureFn has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
GeneralizedIntersectionFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
GeneralizedIntersectionFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that takes a
SetOrClass of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which is
the intersection of all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass i.e. the
SetOrClass containing just those instances which are instances of all instances
of the original SetOrClass.>;
GeneralizedIntersectionFn isu UnaryFunction;
GeneralizedIntersectionFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
GeneralizedIntersectionFn has rdfs:domain += SetOrClass;
GeneralizedIntersectionFn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
GeneralizedUnionFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
GeneralizedUnionFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that takes a SetOrClass
of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which is the merge of
all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass i.e. the SetOrClass containing
just those instances which are instances of an instance of the original
SetOrClass.>;
GeneralizedUnionFn isu UnaryFunction;
GeneralizedUnionFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
GeneralizedUnionFn has rdfs:domain += SetOrClass;
GeneralizedUnionFn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
GigaFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
GigaFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1 000 000 000 units of the original
UnitOfMeasure. For example (GigaFn Hertz) is 1 000 000 000 Hertz.>;
GigaFn isu UnaryFunction;
GigaFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
GigaFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
GigaFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
GovernmentFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
GovernmentFn has rdfs:comment += <(GovernmentFn ?AREA) denotes the Government of
the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA. For example (GovernmentFn UnitedStates) denotes the
Federal-level government of the United States ; (GovernmentFn PuertoRico)
denotes the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.>;
GovernmentFn isu UnaryFunction;
GovernmentFn has rdfs:domain += GeopoliticalArea;
GovernmentFn has rdfs:range += Government;
HoleHostFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
HoleHostFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to the Object
which is its principal host. The principle host of a Hole is its maximally
connected host ( a notion taken here to be defined only when the argument is a
hole ) .>;
HoleHostFn isu SpatialRelation;
HoleHostFn isu UnaryFunction;
HoleHostFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
HoleHostFn isu AsymmetricRelation;
HoleHostFn has rdfs:domain += Hole;
HoleHostFn has rdfs:range += Object;
HoleSkinFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
HoleSkinFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to the skin of
the Hole. The skin of a Hole is the fusion of those superficial parts (see
superficialPart) of the Hole ' s principal host ( see HoleHostFn ) with which
the Hole is externally connected.>;
HoleSkinFn isu SpatialRelation;
HoleSkinFn isu UnaryFunction;
HoleSkinFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
HoleSkinFn isu AsymmetricRelation;
HoleSkinFn has rdfs:domain += Hole;
HoleSkinFn has rdfs:range += Object;
ImaginaryPartFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
ImaginaryPartFn has rdfs:comment += <(ImaginaryPartFn ?NUMBER) returns the part
of ?NUMBER that has the square root of -1 as its factor.>;
ImaginaryPartFn isu UnaryFunction;
ImaginaryPartFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
ImaginaryPartFn has rdfs:domain += ComplexNumber;
ImaginaryPartFn has rdfs:range += ImaginaryNumber;
ImmediateFamilyFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
ImmediateFamilyFn has rdfs:comment += <(ImmediateFamilyFn ?PERSON) denotes the
immediate family of ?PERSON i.e. the Group consisting of the parents of ?PERSON
and anyone of whom ?PERSON is a parent.>;
ImmediateFamilyFn isu UnaryFunction;
ImmediateFamilyFn has rdfs:domain += Human;
ImmediateFamilyFn has rdfs:range += FamilyGroup;
ImmediateFutureFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
ImmediateFutureFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition
to a short indeterminate TimeInterval that immediately follows the
TimePosition.>;
ImmediateFutureFn isu TemporalRelation;
ImmediateFutureFn isu UnaryFunction;
ImmediateFutureFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
ImmediateFutureFn has rdfs:domain += TimePosition;
ImmediateFutureFn has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
ImmediatePastFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
ImmediatePastFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition to
a short indeterminate TimeInterval that immediately precedes the TimePosition.>;
ImmediatePastFn isu TemporalRelation;
ImmediatePastFn isu UnaryFunction;
ImmediatePastFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
ImmediatePastFn has rdfs:domain += TimePosition;
ImmediatePastFn has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
IntegerSquareRootFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
IntegerSquareRootFn has rdfs:comment += <(IntegerSquareRootFn ?NUMBER) returns
the integer square root of ?NUMBER.>;
IntegerSquareRootFn isu UnaryFunction;
IntegerSquareRootFn isu PartialValuedRelation;
IntegerSquareRootFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
IntegerSquareRootFn has rdfs:range += NonnegativeInteger;
KiloFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
KiloFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1 000 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. For
example (KiloFn Gram) is 1 000 Grams.>;
KiloFn isu UnaryFunction;
KiloFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
KiloFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
KiloFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
ListLengthFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
ListLengthFn has rdfs:comment += <A Function that takes a List as its sole
argument and returns the number of items in the List. For example (ListLengthFn
(ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday) ) would return the value 3.>;
ListLengthFn isu UnaryFunction;
ListLengthFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
ListLengthFn has rdfs:domain += List;
ListLengthFn has rdfs:range += NonnegativeInteger;
MagnitudeFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
MagnitudeFn has rdfs:comment += <The magnitude of a ConstantQuantity is the
numeric value for the quantity. In other words MagnitudeFn converts a
ConstantQuantity with an associated UnitOfMeasure into an ordinary RealNumber.
For example the magnitude of the ConstantQuantity 2 Kilometers is the RealNumber
2. Note that the magnitude of a quantity in a given unit times that unit is
equal to the original quantity.>;
MagnitudeFn isu UnaryFunction;
MagnitudeFn has rdfs:domain += ConstantQuantity;
MagnitudeFn has rdfs:range += RealNumber;
MegaFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
MegaFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1 000 000 units of the original UnitOfMeasure.
For example (MegaFn Hertz) is 1 000 000 Hertz.>;
MegaFn isu UnaryFunction;
MegaFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
MegaFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
MegaFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
MicroFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
MicroFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. For
example (MicroFn Meter) is .000001 Meters.>;
MicroFn isu UnaryFunction;
MicroFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
MicroFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
MicroFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
MilliFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
MilliFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. For
example (MilliFn Gram) is .001 Grams.>;
MilliFn isu UnaryFunction;
MilliFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
MilliFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
MilliFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
NanoFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
NanoFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure.
For example (MicroFn SecondDuration) is .000000001 SecondDurations.>;
NanoFn isu UnaryFunction;
NanoFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
NanoFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
NanoFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
NumeratorFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
NumeratorFn has rdfs:comment += <(NumeratorFn ?NUMBER) returns the numerator of
the canonical reduced form ?NUMBER.>;
NumeratorFn isu UnaryFunction;
NumeratorFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
NumeratorFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
NumeratorFn has rdfs:range += Integer;
PastFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
PastFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition to the
TimeInterval that meets it and that begins at NegativeInfinity.>;
PastFn isu TemporalRelation;
PastFn isu UnaryFunction;
PastFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
PastFn has rdfs:domain += TimePosition;
PastFn has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
PicoFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
PicoFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000000001 units of the original
UnitOfMeasure. For example (PicoFn SecondDuration) is .000000000001
SecondDurations.>;
PicoFn isu UnaryFunction;
PicoFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
PicoFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
PicoFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
PowerSetFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
PowerSetFn has rdfs:comment += <(PowerSetFn ?CLASS) maps the SetOrClass ?CLASS
to the SetOrClass of all subclasses of ?CLASS.>;
PowerSetFn isu UnaryFunction;
PowerSetFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
PowerSetFn has rdfs:domain += SetOrClass;
PowerSetFn has rangeSubclass += SetOrClass;
PredecessorFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
PredecessorFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps an Integer to its
predecessor e.g. the predecessor of 5 is 4.>;
PredecessorFn isu UnaryFunction;
PredecessorFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
PredecessorFn has rdfs:domain += Integer;
PredecessorFn has rdfs:range += Integer;
PremisesFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
PremisesFn has rdfs:comment += <(PremisesFn ?ARGUMENT) returns the complete set
of premises of the Argument ?ARGUMENT.>;
PremisesFn isu UnaryFunction;
PremisesFn has rdfs:domain += Argument;
PremisesFn has rdfs:range += Proposition;
ProbabilityFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
ProbabilityFn has rdfs:comment += <One of the basic ProbabilityRelations
ProbabilityFn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs.
(ProbabilityFn ?FORMULA) denotes the a priori probability of ?FORMULA.>;
ProbabilityFn isu ProbabilityRelation;
ProbabilityFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
ProbabilityFn isu UnaryFunction;
ProbabilityFn isu AsymmetricRelation;
ProbabilityFn has rdfs:domain += Formula;
ProbabilityFn has rdfs:range += RealNumber;
PropertyFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
PropertyFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to the Set of
Objects owned by the Agent.>;
PropertyFn isu UnaryFunction;
PropertyFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
PropertyFn has rdfs:domain += Agent;
PropertyFn has rdfs:range += Set;
RationalNumberFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
RationalNumberFn has rdfs:comment += <(RationalNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns the
rational representation of ?NUMBER.>;
RationalNumberFn isu UnaryFunction;
RationalNumberFn has rdfs:domain += Number;
RationalNumberFn has rdfs:range += RationalNumber;
RealNumberFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
RealNumberFn has rdfs:comment += <(RealNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns the part of
?NUMBER that is a RealNumber.>;
RealNumberFn isu UnaryFunction;
RealNumberFn has rdfs:domain += Number;
RealNumberFn has rdfs:range += RealNumber;
ReciprocalFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
ReciprocalFn has rdfs:comment += <(ReciprocalFn ?NUMBER) is the reciprocal
element of ?NUMBER with respect to the multiplication operator
(MultiplicationFn) i.e. 1/?NUMBER. Not all numbers have a reciprocal element.
For example the number 0 does not. If a number ?NUMBER has a reciprocal ?RECIP
then the product of ?NUMBER and ?RECIP will be 1 e.g. 3*1/3 = 1. The reciprocal
of an element is equal to applying the ExponentiationFn function to the element
to the power -1.>;
ReciprocalFn isu UnaryFunction;
ReciprocalFn isu RelationExtendedToQuantities;
ReciprocalFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
ReciprocalFn has rdfs:domain += Quantity;
ReciprocalFn has rdfs:range += Quantity;
RoundFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
RoundFn has rdfs:comment += <(RoundFn ?NUMBER) is the Integer closest to ?NUMBER
on the number line. If ?NUMBER is halfway between two Integers (for example 3.5)
it denotes the larger Integer.>;
RoundFn isu UnaryFunction;
RoundFn isu RelationExtendedToQuantities;
RoundFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
RoundFn has rdfs:domain += Quantity;
RoundFn has rdfs:range += Quantity;
SignumFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
SignumFn has rdfs:comment += <(SignumFn ?NUMBER) denotes the sign of ?NUMBER.
This is one of the following values: -1 1 or 0.>;
SignumFn isu UnaryFunction;
SignumFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
SignumFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
SignumFn has rdfs:range += Integer;
SineFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
SineFn has rdfs:comment += <(SineFn ?DEGREE) is the sine of the
PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The sine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side opposite
?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle.>;
SineFn isu UnaryFunction;
SineFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
SineFn has rdfs:domain += PlaneAngleMeasure;
SineFn has rdfs:range += RealNumber;
SquareRootFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
SquareRootFn has rdfs:comment += <(SquareRootFn ?NUMBER) is the principal square
root of ?NUMBER.>;
SquareRootFn isu UnaryFunction;
SquareRootFn has rdfs:domain += RealNumber;
SquareRootFn has rdfs:range += Number;
SuccessorFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
SuccessorFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps an Integer to its
successor e.g. the successor of 5 is 6.>;
SuccessorFn isu UnaryFunction;
SuccessorFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
SuccessorFn has rdfs:domain += Integer;
SuccessorFn has rdfs:range += Integer;
TangentFn isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
TangentFn has rdfs:comment += <(TangentFn ?DEGREE) is the tangent of the
PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The tangent of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side
opposite ?DEGREE to the side next to ?DEGREE in a right-angled triangle.>;
TangentFn isu UnaryFunction;
TangentFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
TangentFn has rdfs:domain += PlaneAngleMeasure;
TangentFn has rdfs:range += RealNumber;
TeraFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
TeraFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into a
UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1 000 000 000 000 units of the original
UnitOfMeasure. For example (TeraFn Hertz) is 1 000 000 000 000 Hertz.>;
TeraFn isu UnaryFunction;
TeraFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
TeraFn has rdfs:domain += UnitOfMeasure;
TeraFn has rdfs:range += UnitOfMeasure;
WealthFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
WealthFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to a
CurrencyMeasure specifying the value of the property owned by the Agent. Note
that this Function is generally used in conjunction with the Function PropertyFn
e.g. (WealthFn (PropertyFn BillGates) ) would return the monetary value of the
sum of Bill Gates ' holdings.>;
WealthFn isu UnaryFunction;
WealthFn has rdfs:domain += Agent;
WealthFn has rdfs:range += CurrencyMeasure;
WhenFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
WhenFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps an Object or Process to
the exact TimeInterval during which it exists. Note that for every TimePoint
?TIME outside of the TimeInterval (WhenFn ?THING) (time ?THING ?TIME) does not
hold.>;
WhenFn isu TemporalRelation;
WhenFn isu UnaryFunction;
WhenFn isu TotalValuedRelation;
WhenFn has rdfs:domain += Physical;
WhenFn has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
YearFn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
YearFn has rdfs:comment += <A UnaryFunction that maps a number to the
corresponding calendar Year. For example (YearFn 1912) returns the Class
containing just one instance the year of 1912. As might be expected positive
integers return years in the Common Era while negative integers return years in
B.C.E. Note that this function returns a Class as a value. The reason for this
is that the related functions viz. MonthFn DayFn HourFn MinuteFn and SecondFn
are used to generate both specific TimeIntervals and recurrent intervals and the
only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of these functions classes
rather than individuals.>;
YearFn isu TemporalRelation;
YearFn isu UnaryFunction;
YearFn has rdfs:domain += Integer;
YearFn has rangeSubclass += Year;
age isu owl:ObjectProperty;
age has rdfs:comment += <Simply relates an Object to a ConstantQuantity
specifying the age of the Object.>;
age isu SingleValuedRelation;
age has rdfs:range += TimeDuration;
age iss measure;
agent isu owl:ObjectProperty;
agent has rdfs:comment += <(agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is an
active determinant either animate or inanimate of the Process ?PROCESS with or
without voluntary intention. For example Eve is an agent in the following
proposition: Eve bit an apple.>;
agent isu CaseRole;
agent has rdfs:domain += Process;
agent has rdfs:range += Agent;
ancestor isu owl:ObjectProperty;
ancestor has rdfs:comment += <The transitive closure of the parent predicate.
(ancestor ?DESCENDANT ?ANCESTOR) means that ?ANCESTOR is either the parent of
?DESCENDANT or the parent of the parent of DESCENDANT or etc.>;
ancestor isu TransitiveRelation;
ancestor isu IrreflexiveRelation;
ancestor has rdfs:domain += Organism;
ancestor has rdfs:range += Organism;
ancestor iss familyRelation;
angleOfFigure isu owl:ObjectProperty;
angleOfFigure has rdfs:comment += <(angleOfFigure ?ANGLE ?FIGURE) means that the
TwoDimensionalAngle ?ANGLE is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.>;
angleOfFigure has rdfs:domain += TwoDimensionalAngle;
angleOfFigure has rdfs:range += GeometricFigure;
angleOfFigure iss geometricPart;
angularMeasure isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
angularMeasure has rdfs:comment += <(angularMeasure ?ANGLE ?MEASURE) means that
the two-dimensional geometric angle ?ANGLE has the PlaneAngleMeasure of
?MEASURE.>;
angularMeasure isu BinaryPredicate;
angularMeasure isu TotalValuedRelation;
angularMeasure has rdfs:domain += TwoDimensionalAngle;
angularMeasure has rdfs:range += PlaneAngleMeasure;
attends isu owl:ObjectProperty;
attends has rdfs:comment += <(attends ?DEMO ?PERSON) means that ?PERSON attends
i.e. is a member of the audience of the performance event ?DEMO.>;
attends has rdfs:domain += Demonstrating;
attends has rdfs:range += Human;
attends iss experiencer;
attribute isu owl:ObjectProperty;
attribute has rdfs:comment += <(attribute ?OBJECT ?PROPERTY) means that
?PROPERTY is a Attribute of ?OBJECT. For example (attribute MyLittleRedWagon
Red) .>;
attribute isu AsymmetricRelation;
attribute isu IrreflexiveRelation;
attribute has rdfs:domain += Object;
attribute iss property;
authors isu owl:ObjectProperty;
authors has rdfs:comment += <(authors ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is
creatively responsible for ?TEXT. For example Agatha Christie is author of
Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.>;
authors isu BinaryPredicate;
authors isu AsymmetricRelation;
authors has rdfs:domain += Agent;
authors has rdfs:range += Text;
before isu owl:ObjectProperty;
before has rdfs:comment += <(before ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 precedes
?POINT2 on the universal timeline.>;
before isu TemporalRelation;
before isu IrreflexiveRelation;
before isu TransitiveRelation;
before has rdfs:domain += TimePoint;
before has rdfs:range += TimePoint;
before iss beforeOrEqual;
before has relatedInternalConcept += earlier;
beforeOrEqual isu owl:ObjectProperty;
beforeOrEqual has rdfs:comment += <(beforeOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that
?POINT1 is identical with ?POINT2 or occurs before it on the universal
timeline.>;
beforeOrEqual isu BinaryPredicate;
beforeOrEqual isu TemporalRelation;
beforeOrEqual isu PartialOrderingRelation;
beforeOrEqual has rdfs:domain += TimePoint;
beforeOrEqual has rdfs:range += TimePoint;
believes isu owl:ObjectProperty;
believes has rdfs:comment += <The epistemic predicate of belief. (believes
?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT believes the proposition expressed by
?FORMULA.>;
believes isu PropositionalAttitude;
believes has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
believes has rdfs:range += Formula;
believes iss inScopeOfInterest;
bottom isu owl:ObjectProperty;
bottom has rdfs:comment += <(bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJECT) holds if ?BOTTOM is the
lowest or deepest maximal superficial part of ?OBJECT.>;
bottom has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
bottom has rdfs:range += SelfConnectedObject;
bottom iss superficialPart;
brother isu owl:ObjectProperty;
brother has rdfs:comment += <The general relationship of being a brother.
(brother ?MAN ?PERSON) means that ?MAN is the brother of ?PERSON.>;
brother isu IrreflexiveRelation;
brother isu TransitiveRelation;
brother has rdfs:domain += Man;
brother has rdfs:range += Human;
brother iss sibling;
causes isu owl:ObjectProperty;
causes has rdfs:comment += <The causation relation between instances of Process.
(causes ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the instance of Process ?PROCESS1 brings
about the instance of Process ?PROCESS2.>;
causes isu BinaryPredicate;
causes isu AsymmetricRelation;
causes has rdfs:domain += Process;
causes has rdfs:range += Process;
causes has relatedInternalConcept += causesSubclass;
causesSubclass isu owl:ObjectProperty;
causesSubclass has rdfs:comment += <The causation relation between subclasses of
Process. (causesSubclass ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the subclass of Process
?PROCESS1 brings about the subclass of Process ?PROCESS2 e.g. ( causesSubclass
Killing Death ) .>;
causesSubclass isu BinaryPredicate;
causesSubclass isu AsymmetricRelation;
causesSubclass has rdfs:domain += Process;
causesSubclass has rdfs:range += Process;
citizen isu owl:ObjectProperty;
citizen has rdfs:comment += <(citizen ?PERSON ?NATION) means that the Human
?PERSON is a citizen of Nation ?NATION.>;
citizen isu BinaryPredicate;
citizen isu AsymmetricRelation;
citizen has rdfs:domain += Human;
citizen has rdfs:range += Nation;
closedOn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
closedOn has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryFunction is closed on a SetOrClass if it
is defined for all instances of the SetOrClass and its value is always an
instance of the SetOrClass.>;
closedOn isu BinaryPredicate;
closedOn isu AsymmetricRelation;
closedOn has rdfs:domain += Function;
closedOn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
completelyFills isu owl:ObjectProperty;
completelyFills has rdfs:comment += <(completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that
some part of the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. Note that if (completelyFills
?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and ( part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ) then (completelyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE) .>;
completelyFills isu AsymmetricRelation;
completelyFills iss partiallyFills;
component isu owl:ObjectProperty;
component has rdfs:comment += <A specialized common sense notion of part for
heterogeneous parts of complexes. (component ?COMPONENT ?WHOLE) means that
?COMPONENT is a component of ?WHOLE. Examples of component include the doors and
walls of a house the states or provinces of a country or the limbs and organs of
an animal. Compare piece which is also a subrelation of part.>;
component has rdfs:domain += CorpuscularObject;
component has rdfs:range += CorpuscularObject;
component iss part;
conclusion isu owl:ObjectProperty;
conclusion has rdfs:comment += <(conclusion ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that
the Proposition ?PROPOSITION is the conclusion explicitly drawn from the
Argument ?ARGUMENT. Note that it may or may not be the case that ?ARGUMENT
entails ?PROPOSITION.>;
conclusion isu BinaryPredicate;
conclusion isu SingleValuedRelation;
conclusion isu TotalValuedRelation;
conclusion has rdfs:domain += Argument;
conclusion has rdfs:range += Proposition;
connected isu owl:ObjectProperty;
connected has rdfs:comment += <(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1
meetsSpatially ?OBJ2 or that ?OBJ1 overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2.>;
connected isu BinaryPredicate;
connected isu SpatialRelation;
connected isu ReflexiveRelation;
connected isu SymmetricRelation;
connected has rdfs:domain += Object;
connected has rdfs:range += Object;
connectedEngineeringComponents isu owl:ObjectProperty;
connectedEngineeringComponents has rdfs:comment += <This is the most general
connection relation between EngineeringComponents. If
(connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2) then neither ?COMP1 nor ?COMP2
can be an engineeringSubcomponent of the other. The relation
connectedEngineeringComponents is a SymmetricRelation ; there is no information
in the direction of connection between two components. It is also an
IrreflexiveRelation ; no EngineeringComponent bears this relation to itself.
Note that this relation does not associate a name or type with the connection.>;
connectedEngineeringComponents isu SymmetricRelation;
connectedEngineeringComponents isu IrreflexiveRelation;
connectedEngineeringComponents has rdfs:domain += EngineeringComponent;
connectedEngineeringComponents has rdfs:range += EngineeringComponent;
connectedEngineeringComponents iss connected;
considers isu owl:ObjectProperty;
considers has rdfs:comment += <(considers ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT
considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA.>;
considers isu PropositionalAttitude;
considers has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
considers has rdfs:range += Formula;
considers iss inScopeOfInterest;
consistent isu owl:ObjectProperty;
consistent has rdfs:comment += <(consistent ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that the two
Propositions ?PROP1 and ?PROP2 are consistent with one another i.e. it is
possible for both of them to be true at the same time.>;
consistent isu BinaryPredicate;
consistent isu SymmetricRelation;
consistent has rdfs:domain += Proposition;
consistent has rdfs:range += Proposition;
contains isu owl:ObjectProperty;
contains has rdfs:comment += <The relation of spatial containment for two
separable objects. When the two objects are not separable ( e.g. an automobile
and one of its seats ) the relation of part should be used. (contains ?OBJ1
?OBJ2) means that the SelfConnectedObject ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a Hole) which
is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2.>;
contains isu SpatialRelation;
contains isu AsymmetricRelation;
contains has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
contains has rdfs:range += Object;
contains iss partlyLocated;
contains has disjointRelation += part;
containsInformation isu owl:ObjectProperty;
containsInformation has rdfs:comment += <A subrelation of represents. This
predicate relates a ContentBearingObject to the Proposition that is expressed by
the ContentBearingObject. Examples include the relationships between a physical
novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content.>;
containsInformation isu BinaryPredicate;
containsInformation isu AsymmetricRelation;
containsInformation has rdfs:domain += ContentBearingObject;
containsInformation has rdfs:range += Proposition;
containsInformation iss represents;
cooccur isu owl:ObjectProperty;
cooccur has rdfs:comment += <(cooccur ?THING1 ?THING2) means that the Object or
Process ?THING1 occurs at the same time as together with or jointly with the
Object or Process ?THING2. This covers the following temporal relations: is
co-incident with is concurrent with is contemporaneous with and is concomitant
with.>;
cooccur isu BinaryPredicate;
cooccur isu TemporalRelation;
cooccur isu EquivalenceRelation;
cooccur has rdfs:domain += Physical;
cooccur has rdfs:range += Physical;
copy isu owl:ObjectProperty;
copy has rdfs:comment += <relates an Object to an exact copy of the Object where
an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original with regard to every
property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal location.>;
copy isu BinaryPredicate;
copy isu EquivalenceRelation;
copy has rdfs:domain += Object;
copy has rdfs:range += Object;
crosses isu owl:ObjectProperty;
crosses has rdfs:comment += <(crosses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that Object ?OBJ1
traverses Object ?OBJ2 without being connected to it.>;
crosses isu AsymmetricRelation;
crosses isu TransitiveRelation;
crosses iss traverses;
crosses has disjointRelation += connected;
date isu owl:ObjectProperty;
date has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryPredicate that specifies a TimePosition in
absolute calendar time at the resolution of one day for a particular Object or
Process.>;
date isu BinaryPredicate;
date isu SingleValuedRelation;
date isu AsymmetricRelation;
date has rdfs:domain += Physical;
date has rdfs:range += Day;
date iss time;
daughter isu owl:ObjectProperty;
daughter has rdfs:comment += <The general relationship of daughterhood.
(daughter ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological daughter of
?PARENT.>;
daughter has rdfs:domain += Woman;
daughter has rdfs:range += Human;
daughter iss parent;
decreasesLikelihood isu owl:ObjectProperty;
decreasesLikelihood has rdfs:comment += <One of the basic ProbabilityRelations.
(decreasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is less likely to
be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.>;
decreasesLikelihood isu ProbabilityRelation;
decreasesLikelihood isu BinaryPredicate;
decreasesLikelihood isu IrreflexiveRelation;
decreasesLikelihood has rdfs:domain += Formula;
decreasesLikelihood has rdfs:range += Formula;
desires isu owl:ObjectProperty;
desires has rdfs:comment += <(desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT wants
to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there is no
implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. Note too that
desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former is a
PropositionalAttitude while wants is an ObjectAttitude.>;
desires isu PropositionalAttitude;
desires has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
desires has rdfs:range += Formula;
desires iss inScopeOfInterest;
desires has relatedInternalConcept += wants;
destination isu owl:ObjectProperty;
destination has rdfs:comment += <(destination ?PROCESS ?GOAL) means that ?GOAL
is the target or goal of the Process ?PROCESS. For example Danbury would be the
destination in the following proposition: Bob went to Danbury. Note that this is
a very general CaseRole and in particular that it covers the concepts of
'recipient' and 'beneficiary' . Thus John would be the destination in the
following proposition: Tom gave a book to John.>;
destination isu CaseRole;
destination has rdfs:domain += Process;
destination has rdfs:range += Entity;
developmentalForm isu owl:ObjectProperty;
developmentalForm has rdfs:comment += <(developmentalForm ?OBJECT ?FORM) means
that ?FORM is an earlier stage in the individual maturation of ?OBJECT. For
example tadpole and caterpillar are developmentalForms of frogs and butterflies
respectively.>;
developmentalForm isu BinaryPredicate;
developmentalForm isu AsymmetricRelation;
developmentalForm isu TransitiveRelation;
developmentalForm has rdfs:domain += OrganicObject;
developmentalForm has rdfs:range += DevelopmentalAttribute;
developmentalForm iss attribute;
diameter isu owl:ObjectProperty;
diameter has rdfs:comment += <BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure
of a circular Object from side to side.>;
diameter iss width;
direction isu owl:ObjectProperty;
direction has rdfs:comment += <(direction ?PROC ?ATTR) means that the Process
?PROC is moving in the direction ?ATTR. For example one would use this Predicate
to represent the fact that Max is moving North.>;
direction isu CaseRole;
direction has rdfs:domain += Process;
direction has rdfs:range += DirectionalAttribute;
disjoint isu owl:ObjectProperty;
disjoint has rdfs:comment += <Classes are disjoint only if they share no
instances i.e. just in case the result of applying IntersectionFn to them is
empty.>;
disjoint isu BinaryPredicate;
disjoint isu SymmetricRelation;
disjoint has rdfs:domain += SetOrClass;
disjoint has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
distributes isu owl:ObjectProperty;
distributes has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryFunction ?FUNCTION1 is distributive
over another BinaryFunction ?FUNCTION2 just in case (?FUNCTION1 ?INST1
(?FUNCTION2 ?INST2 ?INST3) ) is equal to (?FUNCTION2 (?FUNCTION1 ?INST1 ?INST2)
(?FUNCTION1 ?INST1 ?INST3) ) for all ?INST1 ?INST2 and ?INST3.>;
distributes isu BinaryPredicate;
distributes isu BinaryRelation;
distributes has rdfs:domain += BinaryFunction;
distributes has rdfs:range += BinaryFunction;
documentation isu owl:ObjectProperty;
documentation has rdfs:comment += <A relation between objects in the domain of
discourse and strings of natural language text. The domain of documentation is
not constants (names) but the objects themselves. This means that one does not
quote the names when associating them with their documentation.>;
documentation isu BinaryPredicate;
documentation isu AsymmetricRelation;
documentation has rdfs:domain += Entity;
documentation has rdfs:range += SymbolicString;
duration isu owl:ObjectProperty;
duration has rdfs:comment += <(duration ?POS ?TIME) means that the duration of
the TimePosition ?POS is ?TIME. Note that this Predicate can be used in
conjunction with the Function WhenFn to specify the duration of any instance of
Physical.>;
duration isu BinaryPredicate;
duration isu AsymmetricRelation;
duration isu TotalValuedRelation;
duration has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
duration has rdfs:range += TimeDuration;
during isu owl:ObjectProperty;
during has rdfs:comment += <(during ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1
starts after and ends before ?INTERVAL2.>;
during isu TransitiveRelation;
during isu IrreflexiveRelation;
during has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
during has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
during iss temporalPart;
during iss overlapsTemporally;
earlier isu owl:ObjectProperty;
earlier has rdfs:comment += <(earlier ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that the
TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 ends before the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2 begins.>;
earlier isu BinaryPredicate;
earlier isu TemporalRelation;
earlier isu TransitiveRelation;
earlier isu IrreflexiveRelation;
earlier has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
earlier has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
editor isu owl:ObjectProperty;
editor has rdfs:comment += <(editor ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is an editor
of ?TEXT.>;
editor isu BinaryPredicate;
editor isu AsymmetricRelation;
editor has rdfs:domain += Agent;
editor has rdfs:range += Text;
element isu owl:ObjectProperty;
element has rdfs:comment += <(element ?ENTITY ?SET) is true just in case ?ENTITY
is contained in the Set ?SET. An Entity can be an element of another Entity only
if the latter is a Set.>;
element isu BinaryPredicate;
element isu AsymmetricRelation;
element isu IntransitiveRelation;
element has rdfs:domain += Entity;
element has rdfs:range += Set;
element iss instance;
employs isu owl:ObjectProperty;
employs has rdfs:comment += <(employs ?ORG ?PERSON) means that ?ORG has hired
?PERSON and currently retains ?PERSON on a salaried hourly or contractual basis
to provide services in exchange for monetary compensation.>;
employs isu BinaryPredicate;
employs has rdfs:domain += Organization;
employs has rdfs:range += CognitiveAgent;
engineeringSubcomponent isu owl:ObjectProperty;
engineeringSubcomponent has rdfs:comment += <( engineeringSubcomponent ?SUB
?SUPER ) means that the EngineeringComponent ?SUB is structurally a properPart
of ?SUPER. This relation is an AsymmetricRelation since two
EngineeringComponents cannot be subcomponents of each other.>;
engineeringSubcomponent has rdfs:domain += EngineeringComponent;
engineeringSubcomponent has rdfs:range += EngineeringComponent;
engineeringSubcomponent iss properPart;
entails isu owl:ObjectProperty;
entails has rdfs:comment += <The operator of logical entailment. ( entails
?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2 ) means that ?FORMULA2 can be derived from ?FORMULA1 by
means of the proof theory of SUO-KIF.>;
entails isu BinaryPredicate;
entails has rdfs:domain += Formula;
entails has rdfs:range += Formula;
equal isu owl:ObjectProperty;
equal has rdfs:comment += <(equal ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2) is true just in case
?ENTITY1 is identical with ?ENTITY2.>;
equal isu BinaryPredicate;
equal isu EquivalenceRelation;
equal isu RelationExtendedToQuantities;
equal has rdfs:domain += Entity;
equal has rdfs:range += Entity;
equivalenceRelationOn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
equivalenceRelationOn has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is an
equivalenceRelationOn a SetOrClass only if the relation is reflexiveOn the
SetOrClass and it is both a TransitiveRelation and a SymmetricRelation.>;
equivalenceRelationOn isu BinaryPredicate;
equivalenceRelationOn isu AsymmetricRelation;
equivalenceRelationOn has rdfs:domain += BinaryRelation;
equivalenceRelationOn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
equivalentContentClass isu owl:ObjectProperty;
equivalentContentClass has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryPredicate that relates two
subclasses of ContentBearingObject. ( equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2 )
means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1 is also expressed
by each instance of ?CLASS2 and vice versa. An example would be the relationship
between English and Russian editions of Agatha Christie 's ' Murder on the
Orient Express ' . Note that (equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) implies (
subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2 ) and (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS2
?CLASS1) .>;
equivalentContentClass isu EquivalenceRelation;
equivalentContentClass has rdfs:domain += ContentBearingObject;
equivalentContentClass has rdfs:range += ContentBearingObject;
equivalentContentClass iss subsumesContentClass;
equivalentContentInstance isu owl:ObjectProperty;
equivalentContentInstance has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryPredicate relating two
instances of ContentBearingObject. ( equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 )
means that the content expressed by ?OBJ1 is identical to the content expressed
by ?OBJ2. An example would be the relationship between a handwritten draft of a
letter to one ' s lawyer and a typed copy of the same letter. Note that (
equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ) implies (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1
?OBJ2) and (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ2) .>;
equivalentContentInstance isu EquivalenceRelation;
equivalentContentInstance has rdfs:domain += ContentBearingObject;
equivalentContentInstance has rdfs:range += ContentBearingObject;
equivalentContentInstance iss subsumesContentInstance;
equivalentContentInstance has relatedInternalConcept += equivalentContentClass;
exactlyLocated isu owl:ObjectProperty;
exactlyLocated has rdfs:comment += <The actual minimal location of an Object.
This is a subrelation of the more general Predicate located.>;
exactlyLocated iss located;
experiencer isu owl:ObjectProperty;
experiencer has rdfs:comment += <(experiencer ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT
experiences the Process ?PROCESS. For example Yojo is the experiencer of seeing
in the following proposition: Yojo sees the fish. Note that experiencer unlike
agent does not entail a causal relation between its arguments.>;
experiencer isu CaseRole;
experiencer has rdfs:domain += Process;
experiencer has rdfs:range += Agent;
exploits isu owl:ObjectProperty;
exploits has rdfs:comment += <(exploits ?OBJ ?AGENT) means that ?OBJ is used by
?AGENT as a resource in an unspecified instance of Process. This Predicate as
its corresponding axiom indicates is a composition of the relations agent and
resource.>;
exploits isu BinaryPredicate;
exploits isu AsymmetricRelation;
exploits has rdfs:domain += Object;
exploits has rdfs:range += Agent;
expressedInLanguage isu owl:ObjectProperty;
expressedInLanguage has rdfs:comment += <(expressedInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?LANG)
means that the LinguisticExpression ?EXPRESS is part of the Language ?LANG.>;
expressedInLanguage isu BinaryPredicate;
expressedInLanguage isu AsymmetricRelation;
expressedInLanguage has rdfs:domain += LinguisticExpression;
expressedInLanguage has rdfs:range += Language;
faces isu owl:ObjectProperty;
faces has rdfs:comment += <(faces ?OBJ ?DIRECTION) means that the front of ?OBJ
(see FrontFn) is positioned towards the compass direction ?DIRECTION. More
precisely it means that if a line were extended from the center of ?DIRECTION
the line would intersect with the front of ?OBJ before it intersected with its
back (see BackFn) .>;
faces isu BinaryPredicate;
faces has rdfs:domain += Object;
faces has rdfs:range += DirectionalAttribute;
familyRelation isu owl:ObjectProperty;
familyRelation has rdfs:comment += <A very general Predicate for biological
relationships. (familyRelation ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2) means that ?ORGANISM1 and
?ORGANISM2 are biologically derived from a common ancestor.>;
familyRelation isu BinaryPredicate;
familyRelation isu EquivalenceRelation;
familyRelation has rdfs:domain += Organism;
familyRelation has rdfs:range += Organism;
father isu owl:ObjectProperty;
father has rdfs:comment += <The general relationship of fatherhood. (father
?CHILD ?FATHER) means that ?FATHER is the biological father of ?CHILD.>;
father isu SingleValuedRelation;
father has rdfs:domain += Organism;
father has rdfs:range += Organism;
father iss parent;
fills isu owl:ObjectProperty;
fills has rdfs:comment += <Holes can be filled. (fills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that
the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. Note that fills here means perfectly
filled.>;
fills isu AsymmetricRelation;
fills has rdfs:domain += Object;
fills has rdfs:range += Hole;
fills iss completelyFills;
fills iss properlyFills;
fills has relatedInternalConcept += Fillable;
finishes isu owl:ObjectProperty;
finishes has rdfs:comment += <(finishes ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that
?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same ending
TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL2 begins before ?INTERVAL1.>;
finishes isu TemporalRelation;
finishes isu TransitiveRelation;
finishes isu IrreflexiveRelation;
finishes has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
finishes has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
finishes iss temporalPart;
frequency isu owl:ObjectProperty;
frequency has rdfs:comment += <(frequency ?PROC ?TIME) means that the Process
type of ?PROC recurs after every interval of ?TIME.>;
frequency isu BinaryPredicate;
frequency isu AsymmetricRelation;
frequency has rdfs:domain += Process;
frequency has rdfs:range += TimeDuration;
geographicSubregion isu owl:ObjectProperty;
geographicSubregion has rdfs:comment += <(geographicSubregion ?PART ?WHOLE)
means that the GeographicArea ?PART is part of the GeographicArea ?WHOLE.>;
geographicSubregion isu BinaryPredicate;
geographicSubregion isu TransitiveRelation;
geographicSubregion isu AsymmetricRelation;
geographicSubregion has rdfs:domain += GeographicArea;
geographicSubregion has rdfs:range += GeographicArea;
geographicSubregion iss properPart;
geographicSubregion iss located;
geometricPart isu owl:ObjectProperty;
geometricPart has rdfs:comment += <(geometricPart ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the
GeometricFigure ?PART is part of the GeometricFigure ?WHOLE.>;
geometricPart isu BinaryPredicate;
geometricPart isu PartialOrderingRelation;
geometricPart has rdfs:domain += GeometricFigure;
geometricPart has rdfs:range += GeometricFigure;
geopoliticalSubdivision isu owl:ObjectProperty;
geopoliticalSubdivision has rdfs:comment += <( geopoliticalSubdivision ?AREA1
?AREA2 ) means that ?AREA1 is any geopolitical part of ?AREA2 ; that is ?AREA1
is an integral geographicSubregion of ?AREA2 ( not a
DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea ) having its own associated
GovernmentOrganization which is subordinated to or constrained by the government
of ?AREA2. Cf. dependentGeopoliticalArea.>;
geopoliticalSubdivision isu AsymmetricRelation;
geopoliticalSubdivision isu TransitiveRelation;
geopoliticalSubdivision has rdfs:domain += GeopoliticalArea;
geopoliticalSubdivision has rdfs:range += GeopoliticalArea;
geopoliticalSubdivision iss geographicSubregion;
grasps isu owl:ObjectProperty;
grasps has rdfs:comment += <The state of grasping an Object. ( grasps ?ANIMAL
?OBJ ) means that the Animal ?ANIMAL is intentionally holding on to the Object
?OBJ.>;
grasps has rdfs:domain += Animal;
grasps has rdfs:range += Object;
grasps iss meetsSpatially;
greaterThan isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
greaterThan has rdfs:comment += <(greaterThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just in
case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.>;
greaterThan isu BinaryPredicate;
greaterThan isu TransitiveRelation;
greaterThan isu IrreflexiveRelation;
greaterThan isu RelationExtendedToQuantities;
greaterThan has rdfs:domain += Quantity;
greaterThan has rdfs:range += Quantity;
greaterThan has trichotomizingOn += RealNumber;
greaterThan has inverse += lessThan;
greaterThanOrEqualTo isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
greaterThanOrEqualTo has rdfs:comment += <( greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1
?NUMBER2 ) is true just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater than the
Quantity ?NUMBER2.>;
greaterThanOrEqualTo isu BinaryPredicate;
greaterThanOrEqualTo isu PartialOrderingRelation;
greaterThanOrEqualTo isu RelationExtendedToQuantities;
greaterThanOrEqualTo has rdfs:domain += Quantity;
greaterThanOrEqualTo has rdfs:range += Quantity;
greaterThanOrEqualTo has trichotomizingOn += RealNumber;
greaterThanOrEqualTo has inverse += lessThanOrEqualTo;
hasPurpose isu owl:ObjectProperty;
hasPurpose has rdfs:comment += <This Predicate expresses the concept of a
conventional goal i.e. a goal with a neutralized agent ' s intention.
Accordingly (hasPurpose ?THING ?FORMULA) means that the instance of Physical
?THING has as its purpose the Proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there
is an important difference in meaning between the Predicates hasPurpose and
result. Although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second
argument of the former a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome
while a result may be neither expected nor desired. For example a machine
process may have outcomes but no goals aimless wandering may have an outcome but
no goal ; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes and so on.>;
hasPurpose isu BinaryPredicate;
hasPurpose isu AsymmetricRelation;
hasPurpose has rdfs:domain += Physical;
hasPurpose has rdfs:range += Formula;
hasSkill isu owl:ObjectProperty;
hasSkill has rdfs:comment += <Similar to the capability Predicate with the
additional restriction that the ability be practised / demonstrated to some
measurable degree.>;
hasSkill isu BinaryPredicate;
hasSkill isu AsymmetricRelation;
hasSkill has rdfs:domain += Process;
hasSkill has rdfs:range += Agent;
height isu owl:ObjectProperty;
height has rdfs:comment += <The height of an Object is the distance between its
top and its bottom.>;
height has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
height has rdfs:range += LengthMeasure;
height iss length;
holdsDuring isu owl:ObjectProperty;
holdsDuring has rdfs:comment += <(holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA) means that the
proposition denoted by ?FORMULA is true in the time frame ?TIME. Note that this
implies that ?FORMULA is true at every TimePoint which is a temporalPart of
?TIME.>;
holdsDuring isu BinaryPredicate;
holdsDuring isu AsymmetricRelation;
holdsDuring has rdfs:domain += TimePosition;
holdsDuring has rdfs:range += Formula;
hole isu owl:ObjectProperty;
hole has rdfs:comment += <(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) means that ?HOLE is a Hole in ?OBJ.
A Hole is a fillable body located at the surface an Object.>;
hole isu BinaryPredicate;
hole isu SpatialRelation;
hole isu AsymmetricRelation;
hole has rdfs:domain += Hole;
hole has rdfs:range += SelfConnectedObject;
home isu owl:ObjectProperty;
home has rdfs:comment += <The relation between a Human and a PermanentResidence
of the Human.>;
home has rdfs:domain += Human;
home has rdfs:range += PermanentResidence;
home iss inhabits;
husband isu owl:ObjectProperty;
husband has rdfs:comment += <(husband ?MAN ?WOMAN) means that ?MAN is the
husband of ?WOMAN.>;
husband isu AsymmetricRelation;
husband isu IrreflexiveRelation;
husband has rdfs:domain += Man;
husband has rdfs:range += Woman;
husband iss spouse;
husband has inverse += wife;
identicalListItems isu owl:ObjectProperty;
identicalListItems has rdfs:comment += <(identicalListItems ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means
that ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 have exactly the same items in their respective lists.
Although ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 are required to share exactly the same items they may
order these items differently.>;
identicalListItems isu BinaryPredicate;
identicalListItems isu EquivalenceRelation;
identicalListItems has rdfs:domain += List;
identicalListItems has rdfs:range += List;
identityElement isu owl:ObjectProperty;
identityElement has rdfs:comment += <An object ?ID is the identity element for
BinaryFunction ?FUNCTION just in case for every instance ?INST applying
?FUNCTION to ?INST and ?ID results in ?INST.>;
identityElement isu BinaryPredicate;
identityElement isu AsymmetricRelation;
identityElement has rdfs:domain += BinaryFunction;
identityElement has rdfs:range += Entity;
immediateInstance isu owl:ObjectProperty;
immediateInstance has rdfs:comment += <An object is an immediateInstance of a
SetOrClass if it is an instance of the SetOrClass and it is not an instance of a
proper subclass of SetOrClass.>;
immediateInstance isu AsymmetricRelation;
immediateInstance isu IntransitiveRelation;
immediateInstance iss instance;
immediateSubclass isu owl:ObjectProperty;
immediateSubclass has rdfs:comment += <A SetOrClass ?CLASS1 is an
immediateSubclass of another SetOrClass ?CLASS2 just in case ?CLASS1 is a
subclass of ?CLASS2 and there is no other subclass of ?CLASS2 such that ?CLASS1
is also a subclass of it.>;
immediateSubclass isu AsymmetricRelation;
immediateSubclass isu IntransitiveRelation;
immediateSubclass iss subclass;
inList isu owl:ObjectProperty;
inList has rdfs:comment += <The analog of element and instance for Lists.
(inList ?OBJ ?LIST) means that ?OBJ is in the List ?LIST. For example (inList
Tuesday (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday) ) would be true.>;
inList isu BinaryPredicate;
inList isu IrreflexiveRelation;
inList isu AsymmetricRelation;
inList has rdfs:domain += Entity;
inList has rdfs:range += List;
inScopeOfInterest isu owl:ObjectProperty;
inScopeOfInterest has rdfs:comment += <A very general Predicate.
(inScopeOfInterest ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is within the scope of
interest of ?AGENT. Note that the interest indicated can be either positive or
negative i.e. the ?AGENT can have an interest in avoiding or promoting
?ENTITY.>;
inScopeOfInterest isu BinaryPredicate;
inScopeOfInterest isu IntentionalRelation;
inScopeOfInterest has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
inScopeOfInterest has rdfs:range += Entity;
increasesLikelihood isu owl:ObjectProperty;
increasesLikelihood has rdfs:comment += <One of the basic ProbabilityRelations.
(increasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is more likely to
be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.>;
increasesLikelihood isu ProbabilityRelation;
increasesLikelihood isu BinaryPredicate;
increasesLikelihood isu IrreflexiveRelation;
increasesLikelihood has rdfs:domain += Formula;
increasesLikelihood has rdfs:range += Formula;
independentProbability isu owl:ObjectProperty;
independentProbability has rdfs:comment += <One of the basic
ProbabilityRelations. (independentProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that
the probabilities of ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 being true are independent.>;
independentProbability isu ProbabilityRelation;
independentProbability isu BinaryPredicate;
independentProbability isu SymmetricRelation;
independentProbability has rdfs:domain += Formula;
independentProbability has rdfs:range += Formula;
inhabits isu owl:ObjectProperty;
inhabits has rdfs:comment += <A very basic notion of living within something
else. (inhabits ?ORGANISM ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is the residence (either
permanent or temporary) nest etc. of ?ORGANISM.>;
inhabits isu BinaryPredicate;
inhabits isu AsymmetricRelation;
inhabits has rdfs:domain += Organism;
inhabits has rdfs:range += Object;
inhibits isu owl:ObjectProperty;
inhibits has rdfs:comment += <A very general Predicate. ( inhibits ?PROC1 ?PROC2
) means that the Process ?PROC1 inhibits or hinders the occurrence of the
Process ?PROC2. For example obstructing an object inhibits moving it. Note that
this is a relation between types of Processes not between instances.>;
inhibits isu BinaryPredicate;
inhibits isu IrreflexiveRelation;
inhibits has rdfs:domain += Process;
inhibits has rdfs:range += Process;
initialList isu owl:ObjectProperty;
initialList has rdfs:comment += <(initialList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1
is a subList of ?LIST2 and (ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER) returns the same value
as (ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER) for all of the values of ?NUMBER over which
(ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER) is defined.>;
initialList isu BinaryPredicate;
initialList isu PartialOrderingRelation;
initialList iss subList;
instance isu owl:ObjectProperty;
instance has rdfs:comment += <An object is an instance of a SetOrClass if it is
included in that SetOrClass. An individual may be an instance of many classes
some of which may be subclasses of others. Thus there is no assumption in the
meaning of instance about specificity or uniqueness.>;
instance isu BinaryPredicate;
instance has rdfs:domain += Entity;
instance has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
instrument isu owl:ObjectProperty;
instrument has rdfs:comment += <(instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL is
used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not changed by
?EVENT. For example the key is an instrument in the following proposition: The
key opened the door. Note that instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by
the same ordered pair.>;
instrument has rdfs:domain += Process;
instrument has rdfs:range += Object;
instrument iss patient;
interiorPart isu owl:ObjectProperty;
interiorPart has rdfs:comment += <(interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is
part ?OBJ2 and there is no overlap between ?OBJ1 and any superficialPart
?OBJ2.>;
interiorPart isu AsymmetricRelation;
interiorPart isu TransitiveRelation;
interiorPart iss part;
inverse isu owl:ObjectProperty;
inverse has rdfs:comment += <The inverse of a BinaryRelation is a relation in
which all the tuples of the original relation are reversed. In other words one
BinaryRelation is the inverse of another if they are equivalent when their
arguments are swapped.>;
inverse isu BinaryPredicate;
inverse isu IrreflexiveRelation;
inverse isu IntransitiveRelation;
inverse isu SymmetricRelation;
inverse has rdfs:domain += BinaryRelation;
inverse has rdfs:range += BinaryRelation;
irreflexiveOn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
irreflexiveOn has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is irreflexive on a
SetOrClass only if no instance of the SetOrClass bears the relation to itself.>;
irreflexiveOn isu BinaryPredicate;
irreflexiveOn isu AsymmetricRelation;
irreflexiveOn has rdfs:domain += BinaryRelation;
irreflexiveOn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
knows isu owl:ObjectProperty;
knows has rdfs:comment += <The epistemic predicate of knowing. ( knows ?AGENT
?FORMULA ) means that ?AGENT knows the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Note
that knows entails conscious awareness so this Predicate cannot be used to
express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge.>;
knows isu PropositionalAttitude;
knows has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
knows has rdfs:range += Formula;
knows iss inScopeOfInterest;
larger isu owl:ObjectProperty;
larger has rdfs:comment += <(larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is larger with
respect to all LengthMeasures than ?OBJ2.>;
larger isu BinaryPredicate;
larger isu SpatialRelation;
larger isu TransitiveRelation;
larger isu IrreflexiveRelation;
larger has rdfs:domain += Object;
larger has rdfs:range += Object;
leader isu owl:ObjectProperty;
leader has rdfs:comment += <(leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader
of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON.>;
leader isu BinaryPredicate;
leader isu AsymmetricRelation;
leader isu SingleValuedRelation;
leader has rdfs:domain += Agent;
leader has rdfs:range += Human;
legalRelation isu owl:ObjectProperty;
legalRelation has rdfs:comment += <(legalRelation ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means that
?AGENT1 and ?AGENT2 are relatives by virtue of a legal relationship. Some
examples include marriage adoption etc.>;
legalRelation isu BinaryPredicate;
legalRelation isu SymmetricRelation;
legalRelation has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
legalRelation has rdfs:range += CognitiveAgent;
length isu owl:ObjectProperty;
length has rdfs:comment += <BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of
an Object from one point to another point along its surface. Note that the
difference between the predicates length and distance is that the length is used
to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of a single object while
distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that separates two distinct
objects>;
length has rdfs:range += LengthMeasure;
length iss measure;
lessThan isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
lessThan has rdfs:comment += <(lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just in case
the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.>;
lessThan isu BinaryPredicate;
lessThan isu TransitiveRelation;
lessThan isu IrreflexiveRelation;
lessThan isu RelationExtendedToQuantities;
lessThan has rdfs:domain += Quantity;
lessThan has rdfs:range += Quantity;
lessThan has trichotomizingOn += RealNumber;
lessThanOrEqualTo isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
lessThanOrEqualTo has rdfs:comment += <(lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is
true just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than or equal to the Quantity
?NUMBER2.>;
lessThanOrEqualTo isu BinaryPredicate;
lessThanOrEqualTo isu PartialOrderingRelation;
lessThanOrEqualTo isu RelationExtendedToQuantities;
lessThanOrEqualTo has rdfs:domain += Quantity;
lessThanOrEqualTo has rdfs:range += Quantity;
lessThanOrEqualTo has trichotomizingOn += RealNumber;
lineMeasure isu owl:ObjectProperty;
lineMeasure has rdfs:comment += <(lineMeasure ?LINE ?MEASURE) means that the
straight line ?LINE has the LengthMeasure of ?MEASURE.>;
lineMeasure isu BinaryPredicate;
lineMeasure isu TotalValuedRelation;
lineMeasure has rdfs:domain += OneDimensionalFigure;
lineMeasure has rdfs:range += LengthMeasure;
located isu owl:ObjectProperty;
located has rdfs:comment += <(located ?PHYS ?OBJ) means that ?PHYS is
partlyLocated at ?OBJ and there is no part or subProcess of ?PHYS that is not
located at ?OBJ.>;
located isu AntisymmetricRelation;
located isu TransitiveRelation;
located iss partlyLocated;
manner isu owl:ObjectProperty;
manner has rdfs:comment += <(manner ?PROCESS ?MANNER) means that the Process
?PROCESS is qualified by the Attribute ?MANNER. The Attributes of Processes are
usually denoted by adverbs and include things like the speed of the wind the
style of a dance or the intensity of a sports competition.>;
manner isu AsymmetricRelation;
manner isu IrreflexiveRelation;
manner has rdfs:domain += Process;
manner iss property;
manner has disjointRelation += attribute;
material isu owl:ObjectProperty;
material has rdfs:comment += <(material ?SUBSTANCE ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT
is structurally made up in part of ?SUBSTANCE. This relation encompasses the
concepts of 'composed of' 'made of' and 'formed of' . For example plastic is a
material of my computer monitor. Compare part and its subrelations viz component
and piece.>;
material isu BinaryPredicate;
material has rdfs:domain += Substance;
material has rdfs:range += CorpuscularObject;
measure isu owl:ObjectProperty;
measure has rdfs:comment += <A very general Predicate for asserting that a
particular Object is measured by a particular ConstantQuantity. In general the
second argument of this Predicate will be an instance of the Function
MeasureFn.>;
measure isu BinaryPredicate;
measure isu AsymmetricRelation;
measure has rdfs:domain += Object;
measure has rdfs:range += PhysicalQuantity;
meetsSpatially isu owl:ObjectProperty;
meetsSpatially has rdfs:comment += <(meetsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that
?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are connected but that neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 overlapsSpatially
the other.>;
meetsSpatially isu IrreflexiveRelation;
meetsSpatially isu SymmetricRelation;
meetsSpatially iss connected;
meetsSpatially has disjointRelation += overlapsSpatially;
meetsTemporally isu owl:ObjectProperty;
meetsTemporally has rdfs:comment += <(meetsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2)
means that the terminal point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 is the initial
point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2.>;
meetsTemporally isu BinaryPredicate;
meetsTemporally isu TemporalRelation;
meetsTemporally isu AsymmetricRelation;
meetsTemporally isu IntransitiveRelation;
meetsTemporally has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
meetsTemporally has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
member isu owl:ObjectProperty;
member has rdfs:comment += <A specialized common sense notion of part for
uniform parts of Collections. For example each sheep in a flock of sheep would
have the relationship of member to the flock.>;
member isu AsymmetricRelation;
member isu IntransitiveRelation;
member has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
member has rdfs:range += Collection;
member iss part;
member has relatedInternalConcept += instance;
member has relatedInternalConcept += element;
modalAttribute isu owl:ObjectProperty;
modalAttribute has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation that is used to state the
normative force of a Proposition. (modalAttribute ?FORMULA ?PROP) means that the
Proposition expressed by ?FORMULA has the NormativeAttribute ?PROP. For example
(modalAttribute (exists (?ACT ?OBJ) ( and (instance ?ACT Giving) (agent ?ACT
John) (patient ?ACT ?OBJ) (destination ?ACT Tom) ) ) Obligation ) means that
John is obligated to give Tom something.>;
modalAttribute isu BinaryPredicate;
modalAttribute isu AsymmetricRelation;
modalAttribute isu IrreflexiveRelation;
modalAttribute has rdfs:domain += Formula;
modalAttribute has rdfs:range += NormativeAttribute;
modalAttribute iss property;
monetaryValue isu owl:ObjectProperty;
monetaryValue has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryPredicate that associates an Object
or Process with its value expressed as an instance of CurrencyMeasure.>;
monetaryValue isu SingleValuedRelation;
monetaryValue has rdfs:domain += Physical;
monetaryValue has rdfs:range += CurrencyMeasure;
monetaryValue iss measure;
mother isu owl:ObjectProperty;
mother has rdfs:comment += <The general relationship of motherhood. (mother
?CHILD ?MOTHER) means that ?MOTHER is the biological mother of ?CHILD.>;
mother isu SingleValuedRelation;
mother has rdfs:domain += Organism;
mother has rdfs:range += Organism;
mother iss parent;
names isu owl:ObjectProperty;
names has rdfs:comment += <(names ?STRING ?ENTITY) means that the thing ?ENTITY
has the SymbolicString ?STRING as its name. Note that names and represents are
the two immediate subrelations of refers. The predicate names is used when the
referring item is merely a tag without connotative content while the predicate
represents is used for referring items that have such content.>;
names has rdfs:domain += SymbolicString;
names iss refers;
needs isu owl:ObjectProperty;
needs has rdfs:comment += <(needs ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is
physically required for the continued existence of ?AGENT.>;
needs isu ObjectAttitude;
needs has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
needs has rdfs:range += Physical;
needs iss inScopeOfInterest;
origin isu owl:ObjectProperty;
origin has rdfs:comment += <(origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE) means that ?SOURCE
indicates where the ?Process began. Note that this relation implies that ?SOURCE
is present at the beginning of the process but need not participate throughout
the process. For example the submarine is the origin in the following
proposition: the missile was launched from a submarine.>;
origin isu CaseRole;
origin has rdfs:domain += Process;
origin has rdfs:range += Object;
overlapsPartially isu owl:ObjectProperty;
overlapsPartially has rdfs:comment += <(overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means
that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have part (s) in common but neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 is a
part of the other.>;
overlapsPartially isu SymmetricRelation;
overlapsPartially isu IrreflexiveRelation;
overlapsPartially iss overlapsSpatially;
overlapsSpatially isu owl:ObjectProperty;
overlapsSpatially has rdfs:comment += <(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means
that the Objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have some parts in common. This is a reflexive
and symmetric (but not transitive) relation.>;
overlapsSpatially isu ReflexiveRelation;
overlapsSpatially isu SymmetricRelation;
overlapsSpatially iss connected;
overlapsTemporally isu owl:ObjectProperty;
overlapsTemporally has rdfs:comment += <( overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1
?INTERVAL2 ) means that the TimeIntervals ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 have a
TimeInterval as a common part.>;
overlapsTemporally isu BinaryPredicate;
overlapsTemporally isu TemporalRelation;
overlapsTemporally isu ReflexiveRelation;
overlapsTemporally isu SymmetricRelation;
overlapsTemporally has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
overlapsTemporally has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
parallel isu owl:ObjectProperty;
parallel has rdfs:comment += <(parallel ?LINE1 ?LINE2) means that the
OneDimensionalFigures ?LINE1 and ?LINE2 are parallel to one another i.e. they
are equidistant from one another at every point.>;
parallel isu BinaryPredicate;
parallel has rdfs:domain += OneDimensionalFigure;
parallel has rdfs:range += OneDimensionalFigure;
parent isu owl:ObjectProperty;
parent has rdfs:comment += <The general relationship of parenthood. (parent
?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?PARENT is a biological parent of ?CHILD.>;
parent isu BinaryPredicate;
parent isu AsymmetricRelation;
parent isu IntransitiveRelation;
parent has rdfs:domain += Organism;
parent has rdfs:range += Organism;
parent iss familyRelation;
part isu owl:ObjectProperty;
part has rdfs:comment += <The basic mereological relation. All other
mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. (part ?PART ?WHOLE)
simply means that the Object ?PART is part of the Object ?WHOLE. Note that since
part is a ReflexiveRelation every Object is a part of itself.>;
part isu SpatialRelation;
part isu PartialOrderingRelation;
part has rdfs:domain += Object;
part has rdfs:range += Object;
partialOrderingOn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
partialOrderingOn has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is a partial ordering on
a SetOrClass only if the relation is reflexiveOn the SetOrClass and it is both
an AntisymmetricRelation and a TransitiveRelation.>;
partialOrderingOn isu BinaryPredicate;
partialOrderingOn isu AsymmetricRelation;
partialOrderingOn has rdfs:domain += BinaryRelation;
partialOrderingOn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
partiallyFills isu owl:ObjectProperty;
partiallyFills has rdfs:comment += <(partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that ?OBJ
completelyFills some part of ?HOLE. Note that if ( partiallyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE )
and (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) then (partiallyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE) . Note too that a
partial filler need not be wholly inside a hole ( it may stick out ) which means
that every complete filler also qualifies as (is a limit case of) a partial
one.>;
partiallyFills isu SpatialRelation;
partiallyFills isu AsymmetricRelation;
partiallyFills has rdfs:domain += Object;
partiallyFills has rdfs:range += Hole;
partiallyFills iss located;
partlyLocated isu owl:ObjectProperty;
partlyLocated has rdfs:comment += <(partlyLocated ?THING ?OBJ) means that the
instance of Physical ?THING is at least partially located at ?OBJ. For example
Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe. Note that
partlyLocated is the most basic localization relation: located is an immediate
subrelation of partlyLocated and exactlyLocated is an immediate subrelation of
located.>;
partlyLocated isu SpatialRelation;
partlyLocated isu AntisymmetricRelation;
partlyLocated isu BinaryPredicate;
partlyLocated has rdfs:domain += Physical;
partlyLocated has rdfs:range += Object;
path isu owl:ObjectProperty;
path has rdfs:comment += <(path ?MOTION ?PATH) means that ?PATH is a route along
which ?MOTION occurs. For example Highway 101 is the path in the following
proposition: the car drove up Highway 101.>;
path isu CaseRole;
path has rdfs:domain += Motion;
path has rdfs:range += Object;
patient isu owl:ObjectProperty;
patient has rdfs:comment += <(patient ?PROCESS ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is a
participant in ?PROCESS that may be moved said experienced etc. For example the
direct objects in the sentences ' The cat swallowed the canary ' and ' Billy
likes the beer ' would be examples of patients. Note that the patient of a
Process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the Process. The
CaseRole of patient is used when one wants to specify as broadly as possible the
object of a Process.>;
patient isu CaseRole;
patient has rdfs:domain += Process;
patient has rdfs:range += Entity;
penetrates isu owl:ObjectProperty;
penetrates has rdfs:comment += <(penetrates ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is
connected to ?OBJ2 along at least one whole dimension ( length width or depth )
.>;
penetrates isu AsymmetricRelation;
penetrates isu IntransitiveRelation;
penetrates iss traverses;
penetrates iss meetsSpatially;
piece isu owl:ObjectProperty;
piece has rdfs:comment += <A specialized common sense notion of part for
arbitrary parts of Substances. Quasi-synonyms are: chunk hunk bit etc. Compare
component another subrelation of part.>;
piece has rdfs:domain += Substance;
piece has rdfs:range += Substance;
piece iss part;
pointOfFigure isu owl:ObjectProperty;
pointOfFigure has rdfs:comment += <(pointOfFigure ?POINT ?FIGURE) means that the
GeometricPoint ?POINT is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.>;
pointOfFigure has rdfs:domain += GeometricPoint;
pointOfFigure has rdfs:range += GeometricFigure;
pointOfFigure iss geometricPart;
possesses isu owl:ObjectProperty;
possesses has rdfs:comment += <Relation that holds between an Agent and an
Object when the Agent has ownership of the Object.>;
possesses isu BinaryPredicate;
possesses isu AsymmetricRelation;
possesses has rdfs:domain += Agent;
possesses has rdfs:range += Object;
precondition isu owl:ObjectProperty;
precondition has rdfs:comment += <A very general Predicate. ( precondition
?PROC1 ?PROC2 ) means that an instance of ?PROC2 can exist only if an instance
of ?PROC1 also exists.>;
precondition isu BinaryPredicate;
precondition isu AsymmetricRelation;
precondition isu TransitiveRelation;
precondition has rdfs:domain += Process;
precondition has rdfs:range += Process;
premise isu owl:ObjectProperty;
premise has rdfs:comment += <(premise ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that the
Proposition ?PROPOSITION is an explicit assumption of the Argument ?ARGUMENT.>;
premise isu BinaryPredicate;
premise isu TotalValuedRelation;
premise has rdfs:domain += Argument;
premise has rdfs:range += Proposition;
prevents isu owl:ObjectProperty;
prevents has rdfs:comment += <A very general Predicate. ( prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2
) means that ?PROC1 prevents the occurrence of ?PROC2. In other words if ?PROC1
is occurring in a particular time and place ?PROC2 cannot occur at the same time
and place. For example innoculating prevents contracting disease. Note that this
is a relation between types of Processes not between instances.>;
prevents isu BinaryPredicate;
prevents isu IrreflexiveRelation;
prevents has rdfs:domain += Process;
prevents has rdfs:range += Process;
prevents has relatedInternalConcept += inhibits;
properPart isu owl:ObjectProperty;
properPart has rdfs:comment += <(properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is a
part of ?OBJ2 other than ?OBJ2 itself. This is a TransitiveRelation and
AsymmetricRelation ( hence an IrreflexiveRelation ) .>;
properPart isu AsymmetricRelation;
properPart isu TransitiveRelation;
properPart iss part;
properlyFills isu owl:ObjectProperty;
properlyFills has rdfs:comment += <(properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that ?HOLE
is properly (though perhaps incompletely) filled by ?OBJ i.e. some part of ?HOLE
is perfectly filled by ?OBJ. Note that properlyFills is the dual of
completelyFills and is so related to partiallyFills that ?OBJ properlyFills
?HOLE just in case ?OBJ partiallyFills every part of ?HOLE. ( Thus every perfect
filler is both complete and proper in this sense ) .>;
properlyFills isu AsymmetricRelation;
properlyFills has rdfs:domain += Object;
properlyFills has rdfs:range += Hole;
properlyFills iss partiallyFills;
property isu owl:ObjectProperty;
property has rdfs:comment += <This Predicate holds between an instance of Entity
and an instance of Attribute. (property ?ENTITY ?ATTR) means that ?ENTITY has
the Attribute ?ATTR.>;
property isu BinaryPredicate;
property has rdfs:domain += Entity;
property has rdfs:range += Attribute;
publishes isu owl:ObjectProperty;
publishes has rdfs:comment += <(publishes ?ORG ?TEXT) means that ?ORG publishes
?TEXT. For example Bantam Books publishes Agatha Christie ' s
Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.>;
publishes isu BinaryPredicate;
publishes isu AsymmetricRelation;
publishes has rdfs:domain += Organization;
publishes has rdfs:range += Text;
range isu owl:ObjectProperty;
range has rdfs:comment += <Gives the range of a function. In other words (range
?FUNCTION ?CLASS) means that all of the values assigned by ?FUNCTION are
instances of ?CLASS.>;
range isu BinaryPredicate;
range isu AsymmetricRelation;
range has rdfs:domain += Function;
range has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
rangeSubclass isu owl:ObjectProperty;
rangeSubclass has rdfs:comment += <(rangeSubclass ?FUNCTION ?CLASS) means that
all of the values assigned by ?FUNCTION are subclasses of ?CLASS.>;
rangeSubclass isu BinaryPredicate;
rangeSubclass isu AsymmetricRelation;
rangeSubclass has rdfs:domain += Function;
rangeSubclass has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
realization isu owl:ObjectProperty;
realization has rdfs:comment += <A subrelation of represents. (realization
?PROCESS ?PROP) means that ?PROCESS is a Process which expresses the content of
?PROP. Examples include a particular musical performance which realizes the
content of a musical score or the reading of a poem.>;
realization isu AsymmetricRelation;
realization has rdfs:domain += Process;
realization has rdfs:range += Proposition;
realization iss represents;
realization has relatedInternalConcept += equivalentContentInstance;
realization has relatedInternalConcept += containsInformation;
refers isu owl:ObjectProperty;
refers has rdfs:comment += <(refers ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 mentions or
includes a reference to ?OBJ2. Note that refers is more general in meaning than
represents because presumably something can represent something else only if it
refers to this other thing. For example an article whose topic is a recent
change in the price of oil may refer to many other things e.g. the general state
of the economy the weather in California the prospect of global warming the
options for alternative energy sources the stock prices of various oil companies
etc.>;
refers isu BinaryPredicate;
refers has rdfs:domain += Entity;
refers has rdfs:range += Entity;
reflexiveOn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
reflexiveOn has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation is reflexive on a SetOrClass
only if every instance of the SetOrClass bears the relation to itself.>;
reflexiveOn isu BinaryPredicate;
reflexiveOn isu AsymmetricRelation;
reflexiveOn has rdfs:domain += BinaryRelation;
reflexiveOn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
relatedInternalConcept isu owl:ObjectProperty;
relatedInternalConcept has rdfs:comment += <Means that the two arguments are
related concepts within the SUMO i.e. there is a significant similarity of
meaning between them. To indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO concept and
a concept from another source use the Predicate relatedExternalConcept.>;
relatedInternalConcept isu BinaryPredicate;
relatedInternalConcept isu EquivalenceRelation;
relatedInternalConcept has rdfs:domain += Entity;
relatedInternalConcept has rdfs:range += Entity;
represents isu owl:ObjectProperty;
represents has rdfs:comment += <A very general semiotics Predicate. (represents
?THING ?ENTITY) means that ?THING in some way indicates expresses connotes
pictures describes etc. ?ENTITY. The Predicates containsInformation and
realization are subrelations of represents. Note that represents is a
subrelation of refers since something can represent something else only if it
refers to this other thing. See the documentation string for names.>;
represents iss refers;
resource isu owl:ObjectProperty;
resource has rdfs:comment += <(resource ?PROCESS ?RESOURCE) means that ?RESOURCE
is present at the beginning of ?PROCESS is used by ?PROCESS and as a consequence
is changed by ?PROCESS. For example soap is a resource in the following
proposition: the gun was carved out of soap. Note that resource differs from
instrument another subrelation of patient in that its internal or physical
properties are altered in some way by the Process.>;
resource has rdfs:domain += Process;
resource has rdfs:range += Object;
resource iss patient;
result isu owl:ObjectProperty;
result has rdfs:comment += <(result ?ACTION ?OUTPUT) means that ?OUTPUT is a
product of ?ACTION. For example house is a result in the following proposition:
Eric built a house.>;
result has rdfs:domain += Process;
result has rdfs:range += Entity;
result iss patient;
sibling isu owl:ObjectProperty;
sibling has rdfs:comment += <The relationship between two Organisms that have
the same mother and father. Note that this relationship does not hold between
half-brothers half-sisters etc.>;
sibling isu BinaryPredicate;
sibling isu SymmetricRelation;
sibling isu IrreflexiveRelation;
sibling has rdfs:domain += Organism;
sibling has rdfs:range += Organism;
sibling iss familyRelation;
side isu owl:ObjectProperty;
side has rdfs:comment += <(side ?SIDE ?OBJECT) means that ?SIDE is a side of the
object as opposed to the top or bottom.>;
side has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
side has rdfs:range += SelfConnectedObject;
side iss superficialPart;
sister isu owl:ObjectProperty;
sister has rdfs:comment += <The general relationship of being a sister. (sister
?WOMAN ?PERSON) means that ?WOMAN is the sister of ?PERSON.>;
sister isu IrreflexiveRelation;
sister isu TransitiveRelation;
sister has rdfs:domain += Woman;
sister has rdfs:range += Human;
sister iss sibling;
smaller isu owl:ObjectProperty;
smaller has rdfs:comment += <(smaller ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is smaller
with respect to all LengthMeasures than ?OBJ2.>;
smaller isu BinaryPredicate;
smaller isu SpatialRelation;
smaller isu TransitiveRelation;
smaller isu IrreflexiveRelation;
smaller has rdfs:domain += Object;
smaller has rdfs:range += Object;
smaller has inverse += larger;
son isu owl:ObjectProperty;
son has rdfs:comment += <The general relationship of being a son. (son ?CHILD
?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological son of ?PARENT.>;
son has rdfs:domain += Man;
son has rdfs:range += Human;
son iss parent;
spouse isu owl:ObjectProperty;
spouse has rdfs:comment += <The relationship of marriage between two Humans.>;
spouse isu IrreflexiveRelation;
spouse isu SymmetricRelation;
spouse has rdfs:domain += Human;
spouse has rdfs:range += Human;
spouse iss legalRelation;
starts isu owl:ObjectProperty;
starts has rdfs:comment += <(starts ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1
and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same initial TimePoint and
that ?INTERVAL1 ends before ?INTERVAL2.>;
starts isu TemporalRelation;
starts isu TransitiveRelation;
starts isu IrreflexiveRelation;
starts has rdfs:domain += TimeInterval;
starts has rdfs:range += TimeInterval;
starts iss temporalPart;
stays isu owl:ObjectProperty;
stays has rdfs:comment += <The relation between a Human and a TemporaryResidence
of the Human.>;
stays has rdfs:domain += Human;
stays has rdfs:range += TemporaryResidence;
stays iss inhabits;
stays has disjointRelation += home;
subAttribute isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subAttribute has rdfs:comment += <Means that the second argument can be ascribed
to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it.>;
subAttribute isu BinaryPredicate;
subAttribute isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subAttribute has rdfs:domain += Attribute;
subAttribute has rdfs:range += Attribute;
subAttribute has disjointRelation += successorAttribute;
subCollection isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subCollection has rdfs:comment += <(subCollection ?COLL1 ?COLL2) means that the
Collection ?COLL1 is a proper part of the Collection ?COLL2.>;
subCollection isu BinaryPredicate;
subCollection isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subCollection has rdfs:domain += Collection;
subCollection has rdfs:range += Collection;
subList isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subList has rdfs:comment += <(subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 is a
sublist of ?LIST2 i.e. every element of ?LIST1 is an element of ?LIST2 and the
elements that are common to both Lists have the same order in both Lists.>;
subList isu BinaryPredicate;
subList isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subList has rdfs:domain += List;
subList has rdfs:range += List;
subOrganization isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subOrganization has rdfs:comment += <(subOrganization ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means that
?ORG1 is an Organization which is a part of the Organization ?ORG2. Note that
subOrganization is a ReflexiveRelation so every Organization is a
subOrganization of itself.>;
subOrganization isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subOrganization has rdfs:domain += Organization;
subOrganization has rdfs:range += Organization;
subOrganization iss subCollection;
subPlan isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subPlan has rdfs:comment += <(subPlan ?PLAN1 ?PLAN2) means that ?PLAN1 is a Plan
which is a proper part of ?PLAN2. This relation is generally used to relate a
supporting Plan to the overall Plan in a particular context.>;
subPlan isu TransitiveRelation;
subPlan isu IrreflexiveRelation;
subPlan has rdfs:domain += Plan;
subPlan has rdfs:range += Plan;
subPlan iss subProposition;
subProcess isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subProcess has rdfs:comment += <(subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC) means that ?SUBPROC
is a subprocess of ?PROC. A subprocess is here understood as a temporally
distinguished part (proper or not) of a Process.>;
subProcess isu BinaryPredicate;
subProcess isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subProcess has rdfs:domain += Process;
subProcess has rdfs:range += Process;
subProposition isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subProposition has rdfs:comment += <(subProposition ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that
?PROP1 is a Proposition which is a proper part of the Proposition ?PROP2. In
other words subProposition is the analogue of properPart for chunks of abstract
content.>;
subProposition isu BinaryPredicate;
subProposition isu TransitiveRelation;
subProposition isu IrreflexiveRelation;
subProposition has rdfs:domain += Proposition;
subProposition has rdfs:range += Proposition;
subclass isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subclass has rdfs:comment += <(subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that ?CLASS1 is a
subclass of ?CLASS2 i.e. every instance of ?CLASS1 is also an instance of
?CLASS2. A class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses.>;
subclass isu BinaryPredicate;
subclass isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subclass has rdfs:domain += SetOrClass;
subclass has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
subrelation isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subrelation has rdfs:comment += <(subrelation ?REL1 ?REL2) means that every
tuple of ?REL1 is also a tuple of ?REL2. In other words if the Relation ?REL1
holds for some arguments arg_1 arg_2 ... arg_n then the Relation ?REL2 holds for
the same arguments. A consequence of this is that a Relation and its
subrelations must have the same valence. In CycL subrelation is called
#$genlPreds.>;
subrelation isu BinaryPredicate;
subrelation isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subrelation has rdfs:domain += Relation;
subrelation has rdfs:range += Relation;
subset isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subset has rdfs:comment += <(subset ?SET1 ?SET2) is true just in case the
elements of the Set ?SET1 are also elements of the Set ?SET2.>;
subset has rdfs:domain += Set;
subset has rdfs:range += Set;
subset iss subclass;
subsumesContentClass isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subsumesContentClass has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryPredicate that relates two
subclasses of ContentBearingObject. ( subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2 )
means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2 is also expressed
by each instance of ?CLASS1. Examples include the relationship between a poem
and one of its stanzas or between a book and one of its chapters. Note that this
is a relation between subclasses of ContentBearingObject rather than instances.
If one wants to relate instances the Predicate subsumesContentInstance can be
used. Note that subsumesContentClass is needed in many cases. Consider for
example the relation between the King James edition of the Bible and its Book of
Genesis. This relation holds for every copy of this edition and not just for a
single instance.>;
subsumesContentClass isu BinaryPredicate;
subsumesContentClass isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subsumesContentClass has rdfs:domain += ContentBearingObject;
subsumesContentClass has rdfs:range += ContentBearingObject;
subsumesContentInstance isu owl:ObjectProperty;
subsumesContentInstance has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryPredicate relating two
instances of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means
that the content expressed by ?OBJ2 is part of the content expressed by ?OBJ1.
An example is the relationship between a handwritten poem and one of its
stanzas. Note that this is a relation between instances rather than Classes. If
one wants to assert a content relationship between Classes e.g. between the
version of an intellectual work and a part of that work the relation
subsumesContentClass should be used.>;
subsumesContentInstance isu BinaryPredicate;
subsumesContentInstance isu PartialOrderingRelation;
subsumesContentInstance has rdfs:domain += ContentBearingObject;
subsumesContentInstance has rdfs:range += ContentBearingObject;
subsumesContentInstance has relatedInternalConcept += subsumesContentClass;
successorAttribute isu owl:ObjectProperty;
successorAttribute has rdfs:comment += <(successorAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) means
that ?ATTR2 is the Attribute that comes immediately after ?ATTR1 on the scale
that they share.>;
successorAttribute isu BinaryPredicate;
successorAttribute isu AsymmetricRelation;
successorAttribute has rdfs:domain += Attribute;
successorAttribute has rdfs:range += Attribute;
successorAttributeClosure isu owl:ObjectProperty;
successorAttributeClosure has rdfs:comment += <The transitive closure of
successorAttribute. (successorAttributeClosure ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) means that there
is a chain of successorAttribute assertions connecting ?ATTR1 and ?ATTR2.>;
successorAttributeClosure isu BinaryPredicate;
successorAttributeClosure isu TransitiveRelation;
successorAttributeClosure isu IrreflexiveRelation;
successorAttributeClosure has rdfs:domain += Attribute;
successorAttributeClosure has rdfs:range += Attribute;
successorAttributeClosure has relatedInternalConcept += successorAttribute;
superficialPart isu owl:ObjectProperty;
superficialPart has rdfs:comment += <(superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that
?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own ( or intuitively
that only overlaps those parts of ?OBJ2 that are externally connected with the
mereological complement of ?OBJ2 ) . This too is a transitive relation closed
under MereologicalSumFn and MereologicalProductFn.>;
superficialPart isu IrreflexiveRelation;
superficialPart isu TransitiveRelation;
superficialPart iss part;
surface isu owl:ObjectProperty;
surface has rdfs:comment += <(surface ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is a
maximally connected superficialPart of ?OBJ2. Note that some
SelfConnectedObjects have more than one surface e.g. a hollow object like a
tennis ball has both an inner and an outer surface.>;
surface isu AsymmetricRelation;
surface has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
surface has rdfs:range += SelfConnectedObject;
surface iss superficialPart;
temporalPart isu owl:ObjectProperty;
temporalPart has rdfs:comment += <The temporal analogue of the spatial part
predicate. (temporalPart ?POS1 ?POS2) means that TimePosition ?POS1 is part of
TimePosition ?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a ReflexiveRelation every
TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself.>;
temporalPart isu BinaryPredicate;
temporalPart isu TemporalRelation;
temporalPart isu PartialOrderingRelation;
temporalPart has rdfs:domain += TimePosition;
temporalPart has rdfs:range += TimePosition;
time isu owl:ObjectProperty;
time has rdfs:comment += <This relation holds between an instance of Physical
and an instance of TimePosition just in case the temporal lifespan of the former
includes the latter. In other words ( time ?THING ?TIME ) means that ?THING
existed or occurred at ?TIME. Note that time does for instances of Physical what
holdsDuring does for instances of Formula. The constants located and time are
the basic spatial and temporal predicates respectively.>;
time isu BinaryPredicate;
time isu TemporalRelation;
time isu AsymmetricRelation;
time has rdfs:domain += Physical;
time has rdfs:range += TimePosition;
time has relatedInternalConcept += located;
time has relatedInternalConcept += holdsDuring;
top isu owl:ObjectProperty;
top has rdfs:comment += <(top ?TOP ?OBJECT) means that ?TOP is the highest
maximal superficial part of ?OBJECT.>;
top has rdfs:domain += SelfConnectedObject;
top has rdfs:range += SelfConnectedObject;
top iss superficialPart;
totalOrderingOn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
totalOrderingOn has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation ?REL is a total ordering
on a SetOrClass only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1
?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the SetOrClass.>;
totalOrderingOn isu BinaryPredicate;
totalOrderingOn isu AsymmetricRelation;
totalOrderingOn has rdfs:domain += BinaryRelation;
totalOrderingOn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
transactionAmount isu owl:ObjectProperty;
transactionAmount has rdfs:comment += <( transactionAmount ?TRANSACTION ?AMOUNT
) means that ?AMOUNT is an instance of CurrencyMeasure being exhanged in the
FinancialTransaction ?TRANSACTION.>;
transactionAmount isu BinaryPredicate;
transactionAmount isu SingleValuedRelation;
transactionAmount isu TotalValuedRelation;
transactionAmount has rdfs:domain += FinancialTransaction;
transactionAmount has rdfs:range += CurrencyMeasure;
traverses isu owl:ObjectProperty;
traverses has rdfs:comment += <(traverses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 crosses
or extends across ?OBJ2. Note that crosses and penetrates are subrelations of
traverses.>;
traverses isu BinaryPredicate;
traverses isu SpatialRelation;
traverses has rdfs:domain += Object;
traverses has rdfs:range += Object;
trichotomizingOn isu owl:ObjectProperty;
trichotomizingOn has rdfs:comment += <A BinaryRelation ?REL is trichotomizing on
a SetOrClass only if for all instances ?INST1 and ?INST2 of the SetOrClass at
least one of the following holds: (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) or
(equal ?INST1 ?INST2) .>;
trichotomizingOn isu BinaryPredicate;
trichotomizingOn isu AsymmetricRelation;
trichotomizingOn has rdfs:domain += BinaryRelation;
trichotomizingOn has rdfs:range += SetOrClass;
true isu owl:ObjectProperty;
true has rdfs:comment += <The BinaryPredicate that relates a Sentence to its
TruthValue.>;
true has rdfs:domain += Sentence;
true has rdfs:range += TruthValue;
true iss property;
uniqueIdentifier isu owl:ObjectProperty;
uniqueIdentifier has rdfs:comment += <The class of names that uniquely identify
an instance of Entity. Some examples of uniqueIdentifiers are the keys of tables
in database applications and the ISBN ( International Standard Book Number ) .>;
uniqueIdentifier isu SingleValuedRelation;
uniqueIdentifier iss names;
uses isu owl:ObjectProperty;
uses has rdfs:comment += <(uses ?OBJECT AGENT) means that ?OBJECT is used by
?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified Process. This Predicate as its
corresponding axiom indicates is a composition of the CaseRoles agent and
instrument.>;
uses isu BinaryPredicate;
uses isu AsymmetricRelation;
uses has rdfs:domain += Object;
uses has rdfs:range += Agent;
valence isu owl:DatatypeProperty;
valence has rdfs:comment += <Specifies the number of arguments that a relation
can take. If a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments it does not
have a valence and it is an instance of VariableArityRelation. For example holds
is a VariableArityRelation.>;
valence isu BinaryPredicate;
valence isu AsymmetricRelation;
valence isu SingleValuedRelation;
valence has rdfs:domain += Relation;
valence has rdfs:range += PositiveInteger;
version isu owl:ObjectProperty;
version has rdfs:comment += <Some Artifacts have a life cycle with discrete
stages or versions. (version ARTIFACT1 ARTIFACT2) means that ARTIFACT1 is a
version of ARTIFACT2. Note that this Predicate relates subclasses of Artifact
and not instances.>;
version isu BinaryPredicate;
version isu AsymmetricRelation;
version isu TransitiveRelation;
version has rdfs:domain += Artifact;
version has rdfs:range += Artifact;
wants isu owl:ObjectProperty;
wants has rdfs:comment += <(wants ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is desired
by ?AGENT i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note
that there is no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already
possessed by the agent.>;
wants isu ObjectAttitude;
wants has rdfs:domain += CognitiveAgent;
wants has rdfs:range += Physical;
wants iss inScopeOfInterest;
wants has relatedInternalConcept += desires;
wears isu owl:ObjectProperty;
wears has rdfs:comment += <(wears ?AGENT ?CLOTHING) means that ?AGENT is wearing
the item of Clothing ?CLOTHING.>;
wears isu BinaryPredicate;
wears has rdfs:domain += Animal;
wears has rdfs:range += Clothing;
width isu owl:ObjectProperty;
width has rdfs:comment += <BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of
an Object from side to side at its widest span.>;
width isu SingleValuedRelation;
width iss length;
wife isu owl:ObjectProperty;
wife has rdfs:comment += <(wife ?WOMAN ?MAN) means that ?WOMAN is the wife of
?MAN.>;
wife isu AsymmetricRelation;
wife isu IrreflexiveRelation;
wife has rdfs:domain += Woman;
wife has rdfs:range += Man;
wife iss spouse;
Above isu rdf:Description;
Above isu PositionalAttribute;
Above has contraryAttribute += Below;
Above has rdfs:comment += <This is a PositionalAttribute derived from the
up/down schema and not involving contact. Note that this means directly above
i.e. if one object is Above another object then the projections of the two
objects overlap.>;
Adjacent isu rdf:Description;
Adjacent isu PositionalAttribute;
Adjacent has rdfs:comment += <Used to assert that an object ?OBJ1 is close to
near or abutting ?OBJ2. This PositionalAttribute covers the following common
sense notions: adjoins abuts is contiguous to is juxtaposed and is close to.>;
Asleep isu rdf:Description;
Asleep isu ConsciousnessAttribute;
Asleep has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Organisms that are
sleeping.>;
Awake isu rdf:Description;
Awake isu ConsciousnessAttribute;
Awake has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Organisms that are neither
Unconscious nor Asleep.>;
Below isu rdf:Description;
Below isu PositionalAttribute;
Below has rdfs:comment += <This PositionalAttribute is derived from the up/down
schema and may or may not involve contact. Note that this means directly below
i.e. if one object is Below another object then the projections of the two
objects overlap.>;
Black isu rdf:Description;
Black isu PrimaryColor;
Black has rdfs:comment += <The Attribute of being black in color.>;
Blue isu rdf:Description;
Blue isu PrimaryColor;
Blue has rdfs:comment += <The Attribute of being blue in color.>;
Contract isu rdf:Description;
Contract has subAttribute += Promise;
Contract has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Propositions where
something is promised in return i.e. a reciprocal promise.>;
CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone isu rdf:Description;
CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone isu TimeZone;
CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone has rdfs:comment += <A TimeZone which functions as
the standard time zone. It is also known as Zulu time (in the military)
Greenwich Mean Time and the Western European time zone. Note that whenever a
TimeZone is not specified the TimePosition is understood to be with respect to
the CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone.>;
Damp isu rdf:Description;
Damp isu SaturationAttribute;
Damp has rdfs:comment += <An Attribute which indicates that the associated
Object contains some Liquid.>;
Dead isu rdf:Description;
Dead isu AnimacyAttribute;
Dead has subAttribute += Unconscious;
Dead has contraryAttribute += Living;
Dead has rdfs:comment += <This Attribute applies to Organisms that are not
alive.>;
Dry isu rdf:Description;
Dry isu SaturationAttribute;
Dry has contraryAttribute += Damp;
Dry has rdfs:comment += <An Attribute which indicates that the associated Object
contains no Liquid.>;
East isu rdf:Description;
East isu DirectionalAttribute;
East has rdfs:comment += <The compass direction of East.>;
Embryonic isu rdf:Description;
Embryonic has subAttribute += NonFullyFormed;
Embryonic has contraryAttribute += Larval;
Embryonic has rdfs:comment += <The stage of an Organism or an
AnatomicalStructure that exists only before the Organism is born. Mammals for
example have this Attribute only prior to their birth.>;
False isu rdf:Description;
False isu TruthValue;
False has contraryAttribute += True;
False has rdfs:comment += <The TruthValue of being false.>;
Female isu rdf:Description;
Female isu SexAttribute;
Female has rdfs:comment += <An Attribute indicating that an Organism is female
in nature.>;
Fillable isu rdf:Description;
Fillable isu ShapeAttribute;
Fillable has rdfs:comment += <Something is Fillable if it can be filled by
something else. Note that 'filled' here means perfectly filled.>;
Fluid isu rdf:Description;
Fluid isu PhysicalState;
Fluid has rdfs:comment += <Fluid is the PhysicalState attribute of an Object
that does not have a fixed shape and thus tends to flow or to conform to the
shape of a container.>;
FullyFormed isu rdf:Description;
FullyFormed isu DevelopmentalAttribute;
FullyFormed has rdfs:comment += <The stage of an Organism when it has reached
the end of its growth phase.>;
Gas isu rdf:Description;
Gas isu PhysicalState;
Gas has subAttribute += Fluid;
Gas has rdfs:comment += <An Object has the Attribute of Gas if it has neither a
fixed volume nor a fixed shape.>;
Horizontal isu rdf:Description;
Horizontal isu PositionalAttribute;
Horizontal has contraryAttribute += Vertical;
Horizontal has rdfs:comment += <Attribute used to indicate that an Object is
positioned width-wise with respect to another Object.>;
Larval isu rdf:Description;
Larval has subAttribute += NonFullyFormed;
Larval has rdfs:comment += <Form of most Invertebrates Amphibians and Fish
immediately after they hatch. This form is fundamentally unlike the adult form
and metamorphosis is required to reach the latter form.>;
Law isu rdf:Description;
Law has subAttribute += Obligation;
Law has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Propositions that are
required by a government or a branch of the government and that are enforced
with penalties for noncompliance. These Propositions may be codified as
legislation or they may be more informal as in the case of government policy.>;
Left isu rdf:Description;
Left isu PositionalAttribute;
Left has rdfs:comment += <This PositionalAttribute is derived from the
left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the left so that if one
object is to the left of another then the projections of the two objects
overlap.>;
Likely isu rdf:Description;
Likely isu ProbabilityAttribute;
Likely has contraryAttribute += Unlikely;
Likely has rdfs:comment += <The ProbabilityAttribute of being probable i.e. more
likely than not to be True.>;
Liquid isu rdf:Description;
Liquid isu PhysicalState;
Liquid has subAttribute += Fluid;
Liquid has rdfs:comment += <An Object has the Attribute of Liquid if it has a
fixed volume but not a fixed shape.>;
Living isu rdf:Description;
Living isu AnimacyAttribute;
Living has rdfs:comment += <This Attribute applies to Organisms that are
alive.>;
Male isu rdf:Description;
Male isu SexAttribute;
Male has contraryAttribute += Female;
Male has rdfs:comment += <An Attribute indicating that an Organism is male in
nature.>;
Monochromatic isu rdf:Description;
Monochromatic isu ColorAttribute;
Monochromatic has rdfs:comment += <An Object with this Attribute has the same
color on every part of its surface.>;
NakedPromise isu rdf:Description;
NakedPromise has subAttribute += Promise;
NakedPromise has contraryAttribute += Contract;
NakedPromise has rdfs:comment += <A Promise where nothing is promised in return
i.e. a nudum pactum.>;
Near isu rdf:Description;
Near isu PositionalAttribute;
Near has rdfs:comment += <The relation of common sense adjacency. Note that if
an object is Near another object then the objects are not connected.>;
Necessity isu rdf:Description;
Necessity isu AlethicAttribute;
Necessity has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Propositions that are
necessary i.e. true in every possible world.>;
NegativeInfinity isu rdf:Description;
NegativeInfinity isu TimePoint;
NegativeInfinity has rdfs:comment += <The TimePoint that is before all other
TimePoints.>;
NonFullyFormed isu rdf:Description;
NonFullyFormed isu DevelopmentalAttribute;
NonFullyFormed has contraryAttribute += FullyFormed;
NonFullyFormed has successorAttribute += FullyFormed;
NonFullyFormed has rdfs:comment += <The stage of an Organism before it is
FullyFormed.>;
North isu rdf:Description;
North isu DirectionalAttribute;
North has rdfs:comment += <The compass direction of North.>;
NumberE isu rdf:Description;
NumberE isu PositiveRealNumber;
NumberE has rdfs:comment += <NumberE is the RealNumber that is the base for
natural logarithms. It is approximately equal to 2.718282.>;
Obligation isu rdf:Description;
Obligation isu DeonticAttribute;
Obligation has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Propositions that an
Agent is required by some authority to make true.>;
On isu rdf:Description;
On isu PositionalAttribute;
On has rdfs:comment += <This is used to assert that an object is on top of
another object and it is derived from the up/down schema and involves contact.>;
Permission isu rdf:Description;
Permission isu DeonticAttribute;
Permission has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Propositions that an
Agent is permitted by some authority to make true.>;
Pi isu rdf:Description;
Pi isu PositiveRealNumber;
Pi has rdfs:comment += <Pi is the RealNumber that is the ratio of the perimeter
of a circle to its diameter. It is approximately equal to 3.141592653589793.>;
Plasma isu rdf:Description;
Plasma isu PhysicalState;
Plasma has subAttribute += Fluid;
Plasma has rdfs:comment += <An extremely energetic PhysicalState that consists
of atomic nuclei stripped of electrons. That is a plasma is composed of positive
ions and free electrons. Plasma behaves differently enough from Gas that it is
referred to as the fourth state of matter.>;
Polychromatic isu rdf:Description;
Polychromatic isu ColorAttribute;
Polychromatic has contraryAttribute += Monochromatic;
Polychromatic has rdfs:comment += <An Object with this Attribute has different
colors on different parts of its surface.>;
PositiveInfinity isu rdf:Description;
PositiveInfinity isu TimePoint;
PositiveInfinity has rdfs:comment += <The TimePoint that is after all other
TimePoints.>;
Possibility isu rdf:Description;
Possibility isu AlethicAttribute;
Possibility has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Propositions that are
possible i.e. true in at least one possible world.>;
Prohibition isu rdf:Description;
Prohibition isu DeonticAttribute;
Prohibition has rdfs:comment += <Prohibition is the DeonticAttribute that
applies to Formulas that an Agent is forbidden by some authority to make true.>;
Promise isu rdf:Description;
Promise has subAttribute += Obligation;
Promise has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Propositions that an
Agent promises to make true. Promises may be implicit or explicit. They may be
expressed in a written or verbal or gestural manner.>;
Prostrate isu rdf:Description;
Prostrate isu BodyPosition;
Prostrate has rdfs:comment += <The BodyPosition of lying down being in a
horizontal position.>;
Red isu rdf:Description;
Red isu PrimaryColor;
Red has rdfs:comment += <The Attribute of redness.>;
Right isu rdf:Description;
Right isu PositionalAttribute;
Right has contraryAttribute += Left;
Right has rdfs:comment += <This PositionalAttribute is derived from the
left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the right so that if one
object is to the right of another then the projections of the two objects
overlap.>;
Sitting isu rdf:Description;
Sitting isu BodyPosition;
Sitting has rdfs:comment += <The BodyPosition of being recumbent i.e. knees bent
and back side supported.>;
Solid isu rdf:Description;
Solid isu PhysicalState;
Solid has rdfs:comment += <An Object has the Attribute of Solid if it has a
fixed shape and a fixed volume.>;
South isu rdf:Description;
South isu DirectionalAttribute;
South has rdfs:comment += <The compass direction of South.>;
Standing isu rdf:Description;
Standing isu BodyPosition;
Standing has rdfs:comment += <The BodyPosition of being upright i.e. being fully
extended and supported by nothing other than one ' s own feet.>;
True isu rdf:Description;
True isu TruthValue;
True has rdfs:comment += <The TruthValue of being true.>;
Unconscious isu rdf:Description;
Unconscious isu ConsciousnessAttribute;
Unconscious has contraryAttribute += Awake;
Unconscious has rdfs:comment += <Attribute that applies to Organisms that are
unconscious. An Organism may be Unconscious because it is Dead or because of a
blow to the head a drug etc.>;
Unemployed isu rdf:Description;
Unemployed isu SocialRole;
Unemployed has rdfs:comment += <The Attribute of a CognitiveAgent when he/she is
unemployed.>;
Unlikely isu rdf:Description;
Unlikely isu ProbabilityAttribute;
Unlikely has rdfs:comment += <The ProbabilityAttribute of being improbable i.e.
more likely than not to be False.>;
Vertical isu rdf:Description;
Vertical isu PositionalAttribute;
Vertical has rdfs:comment += <Attribute used to indicate that an Object is
positioned height-wise with respect to another Object.>;
West isu rdf:Description;
West isu DirectionalAttribute;
West has rdfs:comment += <The compass direction of West.>;
Wet isu rdf:Description;
Wet isu SaturationAttribute;
Wet has subAttribute += Damp;
Wet has rdfs:comment += <An Attribute which indicates that the associated Object
is fully saturated with a Liquid i.e. every part of the Object has a subpart
which is a Liquid.>;
White isu rdf:Description;
White isu PrimaryColor;
White has rdfs:comment += <The Attribute of being white in color.>;
Yellow isu rdf:Description;
Yellow isu PrimaryColor;
Yellow has rdfs:comment += <The Attribute of being yellow in color.>;

After thinking a little more,
I would translate to mKR as follows.

# John eats every hamburger that he sees.
rule::
if John do see od hamburger = x done;
then John do eat od hamburger = x done;
fi;

# He observes a hamburger at Wendys.
he is John;
observe is see;
at space = Wendys { he do observe od a hamburger done; };
# ke do rule done;
John do eat od a hamburger done;

# Who eats what?
? do eat od ? done;
# ke do search done;
John do eat od a hamburger done;

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

I finished reading it, and have comments on two topics.

1. I looked at "the top of the SUMO taxonomy" in section 1.4.
I disagree with the classification of a number of the concepts.
We should talk about the differences some time.

2. For your "hamburger example" in section 2,
answering your query does not require any logic
or theorem prover in mKR.  See 3 below.
I chose to use the Unicon meaning of "every" (a generator).
Your CELT "every" is like the mKR "all".


3. the "hamburger problem" in mKR.

# John eats every hamburger that he sees.
John do see od hamburger = h1 done;
  ...
John do see od hamburger = hN done;
hamburgers := John do see od hamburger = ? done;
John do eat od hamburger = $hamburgers done;

# He observes a hamburger at Wendys.
he is John;
observe is see;
at space = Wendys;
he do observe od hamburger = hw done;
he do eat od hamburger = hw done;
hamburgers := John do see od hamburger = ? done;  # now includes hw

# Who eats what?
? do eat od ? done;
# and the answer to that question is
John do eat od hamburger = $hamburgers done;  # now includes hw


Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

I haven't finished reading your first CELT paper yet,
but I am so excited about the comparison
that I wanted to email you.

Your Controlled English (CE) and my Simple English (SE)
face the same problems, but my solutions are completely
different.

Some English inflections are redundant.  In spoken language,
the redundancy can be used for error correction,
but it's not necessary for written language.

1. SE has no inflections/morphology.
2. SE number info. is stated explicitly by quantifiers.
3. SE tense info. is stated explicitly as part of context:
     at time=t { ... };
You can use general terms like past, present, future, now
or specific terms like 11:47 AM PST July 23, 2008.
4. SE anaphora info. is stated explicitly in a context
     at view=v { he is John Doe; ...};

Finally, note that
     mKR = Simple English + UNIX shell + epistemology
mKR includes logic, procedures, definitions, context,
lists, sets, enumerations, relations, hierarchies.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

Every concept in OpenCyc has a "comment" property.
This is an English description of the concept, sometimes very long.
I have found the comments to be very useful.

When you search for a concept
     do find od concept done;
the screen you get with the Concept Browser always includes
"comment".  And you can display only the comment using
     concept has comment = ?;

By the way, you can access the "Concept Browser" directly
(without using mKE) by going to the Cyc Foundation website.
You can access "Web Services" directly to get  individual properties.
But you can't get a list of all the properties of a concept.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

After talking to you about generators, I decided to add them to mKR.
All I have to do is add the "suspend" statement, and map it directly
to a Unicon "suspend" statement.

Since I've already got "return", "next", "break", adding "suspend" is
no big deal.

Later on, if I think up a good application for goal-directed behavior,
I'll add that too.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

It's the mKR language, as described at http://mKRmKE.org/.
The shortest description resides temporarily at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Abd/MKR_%28programming_language%29.

At the website, there are summaries in the help/ directory,
and material ranging from "mKR Introduction" to
"mKR/mKE Tutorial." to "MKE Applications" in the links
from the main page.

Of course, I'll be happy to answer any specific questions.

Dick
   ----- Original Message -----
   From: paola.dimaio@...
   To: Richard H. McCullough
   Cc: KR-language ; John De Oliveira ; Mark B
   Sent: Saturday, July 19, 2008 11:02 PM
   Subject: Re: mKE 7.4 and OpenCyc Web Services



   Riiiiichaaard!

   thanks a lot for posting this

   of course I want this concept browser (how long do I have to wait for such
simple things to be available but
   er...would you please spare a few words and comment/notate what kind of
language
   it works with? it looks like nothing I have seen before....

   cheers

   On 7/20/08, Richard H. McCullough <rhm@...> wrote:

     mKE 7.4 is now available for download from http://mKRmKE.org/
     By setting     kbmode := cycws;
     you direct mKE to access the OpenCyc knowledge base using the
     Cyc Foundation Concept Browser.  The Concept Browser displays
     the properties of each concept in an easy-to-read format, and gives
     links to relevant Wikipedia articles.

     Here are a couple of things you can try, to get acquainted with the
     OpenCyc Concept Browser.

     $ ke - m
     ke$ kbmode := cycws;
     ke$ do find od AynRand done;
       ...
     ke$ rdfs:Class has comment=?;
       ...
     ke$ Person iss ?;
       ...
     ke$ do find od RDF* done;
       ...
     ke$ do find od Oil done;
       ...
     ke$ exit;

     Dick McCullough
     http://mKRmKE.org/
     Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
     knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
     knowledge haspart proposition list;
     mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;







   --
   Paola Di Maio
   School of IT
   www.mfu.ac.th
   *********************************************
Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

mKE 7.4 is now available for download from http://mKRmKE.org/
By setting
     kbmode := cycws;
you direct mKE to access the OpenCyc knowledge base using the
Cyc Foundation Concept Browser.  The Concept Browser displays
the properties of each concept in an easy-to-read format, and gives
links to relevant Wikipedia articles.

Here are a couple of things you can try, to get acquainted with the
OpenCyc Concept Browser.

$ ke - m
ke$ kbmode := cycws;
ke$ do find od AynRand done;
     ...
ke$ rdfs:Class has comment=?;
     ...
ke$ Person iss ?;
     ...
ke$ do find od RDF* done;
     ...
ke$ do find od Oil done;
     ...
ke$ exit;

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

Thanks.

P.S.
I think OpenCyc has two different redirections.
If you use their Concept Browser,
you get a nice, human-readable display.
But if you use wget, you get an OWL file.

I don't know what the logic is, but I should get further
details soon.  I'm joining Cyc Foundation, and expect
to work closely with the implementers.

There has been a lot of discussion in the W3C email group
about content negotiation -- letting the user choose
what form of info. is returned.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Clinton Jeffery
   To: Richard H. McCullough
   Sent: Friday, July 18, 2008 1:34 PM
   Subject: Re: URL redirections


   Richard,

   Good question.  The guy who did our messaging facilities obviously felt
that redirections
   should be observable by a program, and following redirections ought to be
at the program's
   discretion. Personally I am more of a high-level abstraction kind of
person, I might be
   inclined to agree with you. Let me think about it a bit; I'll probably
post a message about it
   on the unicon-ldif mailing list and see what other folks think.

   Cheers,
   Clint


   On Fri, Jul 18, 2008 at 11:20 AM, Richard H. McCullough
<rhm@...> wrote:

     Should Unicon's open() function follow URL redirections?

     Here's a sample of what I see when I try to access
     OpenCyc Web Services.
     (used "wget" when "open" failed)


     ke$ kbmode := cycws;
     ke$ do find od Retriever-Dog done;
     # ERROR: wsget_url: can't open url(string[46])
<http://sw.cyc.com/2006/07/27/cyc/Retriever-Dog>
     --2008-07-18 10:59:17--  http://sw.cyc.com/2006/07/27/cyc/Retriever-Dog
     Resolving sw.cyc.com... 65.99.218.242
     Connecting to sw.cyc.com|65.99.218.242|:80... connected.
     HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 303 See Other
     Location: http://sw.cyc.com/2006/07/27/R/e/Retriever-Dog.owl [following]
     --2008-07-18 10:59:17--
http://sw.cyc.com/2006/07/27/R/e/Retriever-Dog.owl
     Reusing existing connection to sw.cyc.com:80.
     HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
     Length: 842 [application/rdf+xml]
     Saving to: `Retriever-Dog.owl'

     100%[==========================================================>]   --.-K/s
in 0s

     2008-07-18 10:59:17 (1.80 MB/s) - `Retriever-Dog.owl' saved [842/842]

     ke$ ! vi Retriever-Dog.owl done;
     Vim: Warning: Output is not to a terminal
     ke$


     Dick McCullough
     http://mKRmKE.org/
     Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
     knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
     knowledge haspart proposition list;
     mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

A small correction - "siblings" is inter-entity property, not single-entity.
So
     Retriever-Dog has siblings = ?;
should be changed to
     Retriever-Dog rel siblings = ?;

Dick

----- Original Message -----
From: "Richard H. McCullough" <rhm@...>
To: "John De Oliveira" <johnd@...>
Cc: "Abd ul-Rahman Lomax" <abd@...>
Sent: Wednesday, July 16, 2008 11:26 AM
Subject: replacement HTML for OpenCyc Web Services


>I suggest using the attachment as a replacement for the current page
> on the Cyc Foundation website.  I made the following changes.
>
> I reordered the examples, grouping similar properties together.
>
> I added "aka"s where other terms are more common than the OpenCyc terms.
>
> I added the mKR "find property" question that invokes each Web Service,
> since I assume you are still interested in having an mKR language
> interface
> for OpenCyc.
>
> I hadn't thought about the "find concept" questions before now, but mKR
> already has a find command using wildcards, and could use the with phrase
> to specify constraints on paging, etc.  For example
>
>    do find od Coo* from AlphaConstants with 1/10 done;
>
> Dick McCullough
> http://mKRmKE.org/
> Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
> knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
> knowledge haspart proposition list;
> mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;
>
Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Abd/MKR_%28programming_language%29

After a two-week struggle, Wikipedia officially deleted my article
yesterday.
One of my supporters at Wikipedia had the article moved into his user space,
so I can work on getting it ready for the next try.

If someone, "unknown" to me,.should ever write
(in a well-respected "permanent" publication)
that mKR is a "notable", valuable language
then Wikipedia will publish my article.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od Real Intelligence done;

Source and binaries are available from

     http://mKRmKE.org/download/rasqal-0.9.15.tgz


Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

reason: no reliable source
In plain English that means:
     no one (who doesn't know me)
     wrote (in a scholarly paper)
     that mKR is valuable.

I have been advised to submit mKR article
to Wikiversity, because
     reliable source is not required
     original research is encouraged

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

I have made the binaries available for download from my website

     http://mKRmKE/download/rapper.win.tgz

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
Ayn Rand do speak od mKR done;
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKR_%28programming_language%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKE_%28my_Knowledge_Explorer%29

I think you will find these "encyclopedia" articles to be useful.
Hopefully, Wikipedia will not delete these entries.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

The Cyc Foundation now has a nice Concept Browser
     http://www.cycfoundation.org/concepts
which lets you search for concepts in their huge KB.

Many concepts have links to Wikipedia articles.

You can also download the W3C standard
OWL language description of concept Name
     http://www.cycfoundation.org/concepts/Name

my Knowledge Explorer (mKE) includes a command
     cycexport Name
which downloads the OWL file, and translates it into
my Knowledge Representation language (mKR),
which is the user interface language for mKE.

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

There are two new options
     -none
     -spo
For details, see http://mKRmKE.org/help/koptions.html

-none is useful if you want to define your own hierarchy, which is not
related
to any existing hierarchies.  For example,
     ke -t Top -none
creates a new knowledge unit with only one node, "Top", defined.

-spo is useful if you want to concentrate on your own hierarchy,
without including all the "extra" nodes which are predefined for
a particular language.  For example

$ ke -m -owl -spo
# INFO: myopen: command line: ke -m -owl -spo
# INFO: input  file <input>
# INFO: output file <output>
# INFO: error  file <errout>
# INFO: log    file <input.log>
# INFO: kversion = "McCullough Knowledge Explorer 7.3  June 9, 2008"
# INFO: iversion = "Unicon Version 11.3.  March 20, 2006"
# INFO: wexplore = C:/WINDOWS/EXPLORER.EXE
# INFO: iexplore = C:/Program Files/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe
# INFO: systype = Windows
# INFO: home = C:\cygwin\home\rhm
# INFO: kehome = C:/cygwin/home/ke
# INFO: new_knit: view=spo, top=Thing, mkrfiles=kb/spo.owl.html
# INFO: set_dot: . is ke;

# context <at view = spo ;>
Thing
/  Class
//    Container
//    file
/  Property
//    i:subClassOf
//    i:subPropertyOf
//    i:type
/  Statement
//     subject property value.
//     subject property object.

##### knowledge base #####
# INFO: kbmode = mke
# INFO: kedb = C:\cygwin\home\rhm/db
# INFO: kbworld = &null
# INFO: kbdata = &null
# INFO: kbfile = &null
# clock <2008/06/09 18:35:45> # ready for new knowledge

ke$


Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;

The new "cycexport" command downloads the OWL description
of a concept from the OpenCyc knowledge base,
and translates it to mKR.
Here's a simple example.

Running /cygdrive/c/Documents and Settings/rhm/.bash_profile

rhm@rhm8200 ~
$ cd /home/ke/knowledge/cyc

rhm@rhm8200 /home/ke/knowledge/cyc
$ . cyc.env

rhm@rhm8200 /home/ke/knowledge/cyc
$ cycexport BostonCeltics
--17:51:33--  http://65.99.218.242/2006/07/27/cyc/BostonCeltics
            => `BostonCeltics'
Connecting to 65.99.218.242:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 303 See Other
Location: http://65.99.218.242/2006/07/27/B/o/BostonCeltics.owl [following]
--17:51:33--  http://65.99.218.242/2006/07/27/B/o/BostonCeltics.owl
            => `BostonCeltics.owl'
Reusing existing connection to 65.99.218.242:80.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 782 [application/rdf+xml]

100%[========================================================>]
     --.--K/s

17:51:33 (348.10 KB/s) - `BostonCeltics.owl' saved [782/782]


rhm@rhm8200 /home/ke/knowledge/cyc
$ cat BostonCeltics.mkr
BostonCeltics isu ProfessionalSportsTeam;
rdfs:label has xml:lang = en;
BostonCeltics has rdfs:label += <the Boston Celtics>;
BostonCeltics has guid += <bd58bc99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270>;
BostonCeltics isu Group_of_intelligent_agent;
BostonCeltics isu Group_of_tangible_thing;
BostonCeltics isu BasketballTeam;
BostonCeltics isu Individual;

rhm@rhm8200 /home/ke/knowledge/cyc
$

Dick McCullough
http://mKRmKE.org/
knowledge := man do identify od existent done;
knowledge haspart proposition list;
mKE do enhance od "Real Intelligence" done;