Mercusol, 213-Sgr-04 @ 24:17
Mars Date Year 13823 Sol 1 (13823001) @ 24:17
Monday, 19th of October, 25997 M.C.E. @19:40 U.T.C.
Monday, 3rd of March, 42203 V.C.E. @ 19:40 U.T.C.
Greetings Fellow Martians!!

On Monday, 26th of October, 2009 CE @15:14 U.T.C.
Mars Date Year 13823 Sol 1 (13823001) @ 19:51
Mercusol, 213-Sgr-04 @ 19:51
The Spring / Autumn Equinox occurred.
The Spring Equinox in The Northern Hemisphere and
The Autumn Equinox in The Southern Hemisphere.
Yes Virginia, NASA does recognize
The Northern Hemisphere and
The Southern Hemisphere on Mars.
Most people believe that The Martian Calendar
should begin on this day or "sol".
One of my hobbies is calendar making and
figuring out the date and time on
Mars, Earth, and Venus.
Lately people have become obsessed with
Friday, 21st of December, 2012 CE.
In The Mayan Calendar a 26000 year cycle begins
with The Sun becoming aligned with the centre
of our galaxy.
I wondered what the dates would be on
Mars, Earth, and Venus if their calendars started
25997 Earth Years Ago!!
On Mars the year would be
13823 Martian Common Era (on New Year's Day).
On Earth the year would be
25997 Mayan Common Era
(on Monday, 19th of October).
Since The Mayans originally had a 13 month calendar
I am using a 13 month calendar.
January, February, March,
April, May, June,
July, August, Sextember (the old name for August),
September, October, November, and December.
All of the months except December have 28 days each.
December has 29 days in a common year
and 30 days in a leap year.
"On" Venus (high in the sky above Venus) the year
would be 42203 Venusian Common Era
(on Monday, 3rd of March).
The Venusian Year is only 225 Earth Days
(8 months and 1 day Earth measure)
so The Venusian Calendar has 8 months.
January, February, March, April,
May, June, July, and August.
All months except August have 28 days each
with August having 29 days Earth measure.
I have even invented a calendar
for interstellar travel.
I have added 3 more months to the 13 month Terran
(Centuary, Centember, and Centober) to make 16 months.
The Universal Date would be
21196 Universal Common Era
(On Monday, 9th of June).
Curious though, the 1000 planets's date is
Mercusol, 213-Sgr-04 ??
Can somebody list the months??
I can;t seem to find the list. Thank you.
All of our best to Marvin and K-9!!

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

My Fellow Martians!!
It all started when I tried to find out what the crew size of the average
NASA Mars Mission would be. I found out later it would be 6-7.
I was going to compare that with the current crew size of ISS Alpha.
ISS Alpha crew size 6 with a 6 month tour of duty(?).
It would take 6 months to get to Mars.
Then one thing lead to another and I found myself reading about
Terraforming.
And then I was reading about Saturn's "moon" Titan.
I say "moon" because Titan is larger by volume than
the smallest planet, Mercury, although only half as massive.
Titan is 5,150 KiloMeters (3,200.7458 Miles) across,
compared to 4,879 KiloMeters (3,032.3182 Miles) 
for The Planet Mercury.
Now this is the stuff that made me sit with my mouth open in disbelief.
The Atmosphere of Titan is 1.6% composed of methane and
trace amounts of other gases such as hydrocarbons
(including ethane, diacetylene, methylacetylene, acetylene, propane),
cyanoacetylene, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
cyanogen, argon, and helium,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>AND 98.4% NITROGEN!!!!
And that is not all.
Mars has 37.6 % Earth gravity with 0.6 to 1 kPa or
0.592300098 to 0.9871668317 % Earth atmospheric pressure BUT
Titan with only 0.14 % Earth gravity has 146.7 kPa or
144.81737436% Earth atmospheric pressure!!!!
That is over 44% more than Earth!!!!
This means that Mars CAN be terraformed!!!!
I don;t know about mining nitrogen from Titan's atmosphere
and it will be a while before we can have regular flights
between Titan and Mars.
There is also the possibility that there is Life on Titan.
"In November 2007 CE, scientist uncovered evidence of
negative ions with roughly 10,000 times the mass of hydrogen
in Titan's ionosphere, which are believed to fall into the lower regions
to form the orange haze which obscures Titan's surface.
Their structure is not currently known, but they are believed to be
tholins, and may form the basis for the formation of more complex
molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.".
At least that;s what it says on wikipedia.
This is fantastic!!!! A terraformable Mars!!!!
Well, Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
Sunsol, 212-Boo-22, @ 5:39
Mars Date Year 72 Sol 551 (72551) @ 5:29 MST
Tuesday, 22nd of II August, 3202 MCE @ 5:29 MST
Friday, 26th of June, 2009 CE @ 19:10 UTC
Friday, 9th of July, 6025 XIII @ 19:10 UTC
****
****
P.S.-Took a look at Robert Zubrin's "Year 1 Sol 1" on
Sunday, 1st of January, 1961 CE @ 0:00 UTC
Sunday, 1st of January, 5977 XIII @ 0:00 UTC
Mars Date Year 47 Sol 30 (47030) @ 23:19 MST
The Spring/Autumn Equinox occured on
Thursday, 1st of December, 1960 CE @ 9:33 UTC
Thursday, 28th of November, 5976 XIII @ 9:33 UTC
Mars Date Year 47 Sol 2 (47002) @ 11:00 MST
which means that New Year's Day would occur on
Wednesday, 30th of November, 1960 CE @ 22:33 UTC
Wednesday, 27th of November, 5976 XIII @ 22:33 UTC
Mars Date Year 47 Sol 1 (47001) @ 0:00 MST .

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Sorry about the repost. Titan has 14% Earth Gravity.
Friday, 9th of July, 6025 XIII @ 19:30 UTC .
Mars Date Year 72 Sol 551 (72551) @ 5:49 MST
Sunsol, 212-Boo-22 @ 5:59



________________________________
From: David Rupe <tardis1959@...>
To: ares_regia@yahoogroups.com;
Australia_NewZealand_Astronaut_Corp@...;
mars-chicago@yahoogroups.com; Mars-Updates@yahoogroups.com;
MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com; MSC_Vancouver@...
Sent: Friday, June 26, 2009 3:10:21 PM
Subject: MARS: The Mars - Titan Connection!!





My Fellow Martians!!
It all started when I tried to find out what the crew size of the average
NASA Mars Mission would be. I found out later it would be 6-7.
(On Mars August 2031 CE?!)
I was going to compare that with the current crew size of ISS Alpha.
ISS Alpha crew size 6 with a 6 month tour of duty(?).
It would take 6 months to get to Mars.
Then one thing lead to another and I found myself reading about
Terraforming.
And then I was reading about Saturn's "moon" Titan.
I say "moon" because Titan is larger by volume than
the smallest planet, Mercury, although only half as massive.
Titan is 5,150 KiloMeters (3,200.7458 Miles) across,
compared to 4,879 KiloMeters (3,032.3182 Miles) 
for The Planet Mercury.
Now this is the stuff that made me sit with my mouth open in disbelief.
The Atmosphere of Titan is 1.6% composed of methane and
trace amounts of other gases such as hydrocarbons
(including ethane, diacetylene, methylacetylene, acetylene, propane),
cyanoacetylene, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
cyanogen, argon, and helium,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>AND 98.4% NITROGEN!!!!
And that is not all.
Mars has 37.6 % Earth gravity with 0.6 to 1 kPa or
0.592300098 to 0.9871668317 % Earth atmospheric pressure BUT
Titan with only 14 % Earth gravity has 146.7 kPa or
144.81737436% Earth atmospheric pressure!!!!
That is over 44% more than Earth!!!!
This means that Mars CAN be terraformed! !!!
I don;t know about mining nitrogen from Titan's atmosphere
and it will be a while before we can have regular flights
between Titan and Mars.
There is also the possibility that there is Life on Titan.
"In November 2007 CE, scientist uncovered evidence of
negative ions with roughly 10,000 times the mass of hydrogen
in Titan's ionosphere, which are believed to fall into the lower regions
to form the orange haze which obscures Titan's surface.
Their structure is not currently known, but they are believed to be
tholins, and may form the basis for the formation of more complex
molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ".
At least that;s what it says on wikipedia.
This is fantastic!!! ! A terraformable Mars!!!!
Well, Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
Sunsol, 212-Boo-22, @ 5:39
Mars Date Year 72 Sol 551 (72551) @ 5:29 MST
Tuesday, 22nd of II August, 3202 MCE @ 5:29 MST
Friday, 26th of June, 2009 CE @ 19:10 UTC
Friday, 9th of July, 6025 XIII @ 19:10 UTC
****
****
P.S.-Took a look at Robert Zubrin's "Year 1 Sol 1" on
Sunday, 1st of January, 1961 CE @ 0:00 UTC
Sunday, 1st of January, 5977 XIII @ 0:00 UTC
Mars Date Year 47 Sol 30 (47030) @ 23:19 MST
The Spring/Autumn Equinox occured on
Thursday, 1st of December, 1960 CE @ 9:33 UTC
Thursday, 28th of November, 5976 XIII @ 9:33 UTC
Mars Date Year 47 Sol 2 (47002) @ 11:00 MST
which means that New Year's Day would occur on
Wednesday, 30th of November, 1960 CE @ 22:33 UTC
Wednesday, 27th of November, 5976 XIII @ 22:33 UTC
Mars Date Year 47 Sol 1 (47001) @ 0:00 MST .


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Greetings Fellow Martians!!
I would like to thank rickynj58 for inspiring me to seek this
Mars-Carradine connection http://booksonmars.blogspot.com .
A lot of good Martian movies here.
Martian movies inspire me.
Martian movies like Total Recall and Mission to Mars
as well as Rocketman and War of the Worlds.
In Total Recall a trip to Mars is commonplace.
People go about their daily lives seemingly oblivious to the fact
that they are on Mars!!
In Mission to Mars an actual NASA Mars mission is simulated
step by step. This of course would be "too boring"
so they "spiced it up alaHollywood".
There are two things I don;t understand.
1. Why did they have to destroy the Martian spaceport and
2. Why did Gary Sinese's character leave his helmet and gloves??
Looked like he drowned.
In Rocketman they went to Mars on the shuttle Aries I.
Not too far from reality. There sre those that advocate using
shuttle technology (Robert Zubrin?) to get to Mars.
In War of the Worlds the Martians came here.
I am still disturbed by one scene where a cute little Martian
naked and scared (the Martians were naturists/nudists)
put her cute little hand on the female Earthbeast's shoulder
and how she screeched and how the male Earthbeast threw
something that hit her and how she screamed in pain.
Who were the real monsters??
All the Martian girl wanted to do is make friends.
To put an end to the war.
Her friends were dying of an Earth disease and she sought help.
I can;t help thinking how much quicker the war would have ended
if only they had befriended her.
It would have made more sense in the storyline to get
the blood sample from the Martian girl than from "a machine".
This also is a warning to us that if the Martians could get sick and die
from Earth diseases then Earthlings could get sick and die
from Martian diseases.
I feel a high power shower might be needed to avoid contamination.
But we need to get there first.
I have a recording from Vault Disney of annimation showing
van Braun's plans on how we can get to Mars from the 1950's!!
Nuclear Ion Engines!!
We were suppose to be on Mars in the 1970's!!
We already have had  the engines for over fourty years!!
And then came Nixon, low orbit only Nixon.
We are just starting to recover.
We need nuclear powered ion plasma engines
and inverted magnetic bubble force shields.
Private enterprise might do a better job and quicker.
Well that;s all I can think of.
Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
Mars Date Year 72 Sol 536 (72536) @ 17:13 MST
Monday, 7th of II August, 3202 MCE @ 17:13 MST
Deimosol, 212-Boo-07 @ 17:23
Thursday, 11th of June, 2009 CE @ 21:00 UTC
Thursday, 22nd of June, 6025 XIII @ 21:00 UTC .




________________________________
From: "tardis1959@..." <tardis1959@...>
To: ares_regia@yahoogroups.com;
Australia_NewZealand_Astronaut_Corp@...;
mars-chicago@yahoogroups.com; Mars-Updates@yahoogroups.com;
MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com; MSC_Vancouver@...
Sent: Friday, June 5, 2009 12:14:28 AM
Subject: MARS: Fwd: David Carradine, lives on in his reruns.


 
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[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Greetings Fellow Martians!!
First, I must apologise for not including the Martian date/time in my
previous post on the untimely death of David Carradine.
I think you can understand the situation.
****
Life on Mars... or anywhere else we settle (Venus or Mercury??)
will only be as good as we make it.
Will we have a permissive society or a restrictive society??
There is a Latin phrase "Parens Patriae"
("parent of the nation" or "the state is the parent").
"Parens Patriae" is normally found in tyrannies.
When the state becomes "the parent",
parents become "unpaid state child caretakers".
All parents will lose their parental rights.
We want to avoid this situation on Mars.
And when I want to learn "The Martian Language"
or "The Language of Mars"
my search engine finds a Chinese-English Pidgin Slanguage.
"Martian" started in The Republic of China
(Taiwan and surrounding Islands) then moved to the
communist mainland.
"Martian" is spoken excusively by the youth.
The way things are going Red China
might conquer The Red Planet first.
Lets not let that happen.
Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
(I like this calendar, two (2) birthdays in a year)
Wednesday, 1st of II August, 3202 MCE (Martian Common Era)
Mars Date year 72 sol 530 / 72530 @ 23:00 MST
Friday, 5th of June, 2009 CE
Friday, 16th of June, 6025 XIII
@ 22:49 UTC .

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi, nice to see some people think of things like this.

My thoughts on the matter.

I don't really like the 24 months, keep it simple, we already have a calendar,
based on planetary poitions.

Is there anything wrong with calling a Martian month January when it is in the
same part of space os the Earth is in respect to the background stars as Earth,
everyone would understand that.

When Earth moves through, as viewed from a Sol perspective, a certain sector of
constellations, it is a certain month, what is wrong with giving the same month
name to a Martian month. It will just take about twice as long, to move through
that constellation.

Months are slices of pie, there are 12 slices to go around, Earth is closer to
the Sun, so moves through that section of pie in approximately 30 days, double
for Mars, or 54 days I think a bit closer. It is further away and so takes
longer.

I don't know if I am being clear.

Oh, and yes we do NEED a Martian calendar, I myself am going nuts with
spacecraft references all being selfish, as in they are with respect to
themselves, nothing else.

Is there a Martian calendar (Let's sort it out once and for all)
  society?

I'd love to throw my two bobs worth in as well, I know that you would also like
to see something done about this lack of a common reference point.

What would be your choice for a common reference point, a starting place?

Perhaps when Mars 3 landed, maybe Viking. Perhaps that should be nutted out by
Astronomers for special reasons beyond my knowledge, such as epochs etc.

I just like the fact that we have already divided one orbit of Sol into 12
parts, keep it that way for everything, if you are on Mars, you will know that
any certain month will last nearly twice as long as it does on Earth, why not?
The year does.

I know that you are interested in this a lot, I am working on software that
usually relates to Mars, would you be someone that would like to collaborate
with before I give things out to the public?

I previously release a program called MERDAT, for the MER rovers, it displayed
Earth time of image capture and spacecraft relevant Martian time, I have
modified it for MERs, Phoenix, MPF, and VIKINGS.
Not yet released, a few little things to tidy.

I should be able to make a version displaying our own version of Martian time. A
proper calendar. If its any good, it will get used, if poeple start using it,
jobs done.

But, we need to discuss it more.

Then there is the use of true solar and standard local time.
There are certainly many requirements for true solar time, but I don't have one
yet.
I still like the version of time that humans created and put on their wrists,
standard local.

Lets not get too much into gravitational and kinetic time dilation.

This is actually a nightmare for spacecraft controllers.
Why, well clocks made on Earth fail to keep accurate time that relates to Earth
as soon as they leave Earth.

Thanks for bringing it up again, it does need to be addressed.
Kevin.

--- In MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com, "tardis1959@..." <tardis1959@...> wrote:
>
> --- In ares_regia@yahoogroups.com, "tardis1959@" <tardis1959@> wrote:
>
> Greetings Fellow Martians!!
> Some people believe that when we start living on Mars
> we should keep things as simple as possible.
> They suggest that we not change things like
> second, minute, hour, or week.
> The Martian Day (or "Sol") is 88775.244 seconds long
> or 24:39:35.244 long
> while The Terran Day is 86400 seconds long
> or 24:00:00 long
> so why can;t the months be about 28 - 31 days long?
> They suggest that we divide the year into 24 months.
> That would be like 2 Earth years.
> But 669 Sols divided by 24 = 27.875 Sols per month.
> ????
> Now take 27.875 - 27 = 0.875
>        + 27.875 = 28.75 - 28 = 0.75
>        + 27.875 = 28.625 - 28 = 0.625
>        + 27.875 = 28.5 - 28 = 0.5
>        + 27.875 = 28.375 - 28 = 0.375
>        + 27.875 = 28.25 - 28 = 0.25
>        + 27.875 = 28.125 - 28 = 0.125
>        + 27.875 = 28
> You now have a Martian "Semester" or "Trimester".
> There would be 3 in a Martian Year.
> ????
> The Martian Months would go something like this:
> I January with 27 sols
> I February with 28 sols
> I March with 28 sols
> I April with 28 sols
> I May with 28 sols
> I June with 28 sols
> I July with 28 sols
> I August with 28 sols
> ****
> I September with 27 sols
> I October with 28 sols
> I November with 28 sols
> I December with 28 sols
> II January with 28 sols
> II February with 28 sols
> II March with 28 sols
> II April with 28 sols
> ****
> II May with 27 sols
> II June with 28 sols
> II July with 28 sols
> II August with 28 sols
> II September with 28 sols
> II October with 28 sols
> II November with 28 sols
> II December with 28 sols
> ????
> Now that is a Martian Calndar. It should work but
> if it doesn;t I;ll let you know.
> This Martian Year (72) began on a Monday.
> I don;t think we need a calendar but what the hey.
> Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
> Year 72 Sol 476 / Mars Date 72476 @ 3:37 MTC or
> Friday, 10th of April, 2009 CE @ 15:48 UTC or
> Sunday, 3rd of II June, 72 MCE @ 3:37 MTC .
>
> --- End forwarded message ---
>

--- In ares_regia@yahoogroups.com, "tardis1959@..." <tardis1959@...> wrote:

Greetings Fellow Martians!!
This one (1) post is to imform you that
1. The Perihelion of Mars will occur on
Year 72 Sol 486 / Mars Date 72486 @ 14:48 MTC or
Tuesday, 21st of April, 2009 CE @ 9:50 UTC.
2. The Winter/Summer Solstice will occur on
Year 72 Sol 515 / Mars Date 72515 @ 19:26 MTC or
Thursday, 21st of May, 2009 CE @ 9:44 UTC.
And 3. New Year's Day 73(!!) will occur on
Year 73 Sol 1 / Mars Date 73001 @ 0:00 MTC or
Sunday, 25th of October, 2009 CE @ 20:54 UTC.
Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
Year 72 Sol 474 / Mars Date 72474 @ 2:55 MTC or
Wednesday, 8th of April, 2009 CE @ 13:47 UTC.
P.S.-We have received from one groupmember
a comment (complaint?) that sending one post
to multiple groups is "spamming".
We are still sudying this and any further imput
would be greatly appreciated.

--- End forwarded message ---

--- In ares_regia@yahoogroups.com, "tardis1959@..." <tardis1959@...> wrote:

Greetings Fellow Martians!!
Some people believe that when we start living on Mars
we should keep things as simple as possible.
They suggest that we not change things like
second, minute, hour, or week.
The Martian Day (or "Sol") is 88775.244 seconds long
or 24:39:35.244 long
while The Terran Day is 86400 seconds long
or 24:00:00 long
so why can;t the months be about 28 - 31 days long?
They suggest that we divide the year into 24 months.
That would be like 2 Earth years.
But 669 Sols divided by 24 = 27.875 Sols per month.
????
Now take 27.875 - 27 = 0.875
        + 27.875 = 28.75 - 28 = 0.75
        + 27.875 = 28.625 - 28 = 0.625
        + 27.875 = 28.5 - 28 = 0.5
        + 27.875 = 28.375 - 28 = 0.375
        + 27.875 = 28.25 - 28 = 0.25
        + 27.875 = 28.125 - 28 = 0.125
        + 27.875 = 28
You now have a Martian "Semester" or "Trimester".
There would be 3 in a Martian Year.
????
The Martian Months would go something like this:
I January with 27 sols
I February with 28 sols
I March with 28 sols
I April with 28 sols
I May with 28 sols
I June with 28 sols
I July with 28 sols
I August with 28 sols
****
I September with 27 sols
I October with 28 sols
I November with 28 sols
I December with 28 sols
II January with 28 sols
II February with 28 sols
II March with 28 sols
II April with 28 sols
****
II May with 27 sols
II June with 28 sols
II July with 28 sols
II August with 28 sols
II September with 28 sols
II October with 28 sols
II November with 28 sols
II December with 28 sols
????
Now that is a Martian Calndar. It should work but
if it doesn;t I;ll let you know.
This Martian Year (72) began on a Monday.
I don;t think we need a calendar but what the hey.
Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
Year 72 Sol 476 / Mars Date 72476 @ 3:37 MTC or
Friday, 10th of April, 2009 CE @ 15:48 UTC or
Sunday, 3rd of II June, 72 MCE @ 3:37 MTC .

--- End forwarded message ---

--- In ares_regia@yahoogroups.com, "tardis1959@..." <tardis1959@...> wrote:

     Greetings Fellow Martians!!
  On Year 2 Sol 476 / Mars Date 2476 @ 10:41 MTC or
Sunday, 12th of August, 1877 CE @ 7:48 UTC
   Damon (Deimus or Deimos)
was "Discovered" by Asaph Hall Senior!!
  The Seventieth Matian Anniversary will occur
on Year 72 Sol 476 / Mars Date 72476 @ 10:41 MTC or
Saturnday, 11th of April, 2009 CE @ 22:52 UTC!!
  On Year 2 Sol 482 / Mars Date 2482 @ 8:09 MTC or
Saturnday, 18th of August, 1877 CE @ 9:14 UTC
   Pythias or Phintias (Phobus or Phobos)
was "Discovered" by Asaph Hall Senior!!
  The Seventieth Martian Anniversary will occur
on Year 72 Sol 482 / Mars Date 72482 @ 8:09 MTC or
Friday, 17th of April, 2009 CE @ 0:18 UTC!!
Data Courtesy of ares_regia@yahoogroups.com .
Thank you and all of our best to Marvin and K-9!!
Year 72 Sol 469 / Mars Date 72469 @ 13:43 MTC or
Friday, 3rd of April, 2009 CE @ 21:17 UTC .

--- End forwarded message ---

>  An interesting side note. Unless the legislation was passed in 2002
>  reversing some protectionist policies that were passed during the
>  reign of one of our presidents (1977-1981)
>

Ah, that would be President Nameless, famous for a pitiful attempt to rescue
the staff of the embassy in Iran after their revolution.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

--- In MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com, Azazel Stuart <saavikkuum@...>
wrote:
>
> Thank you.
>
> jaber_1934 <jaber@...> wrote:

Ok, I'm finally back.                                 8-24-08

	 Now that I am back, I have been looking at other options. Basically,
hydroponics.


	 Ok. Now lets get into the meat of hydroponics. NASA is currently
using it to supply some of the nutrients on the space station, at
least that is an assumption that I am making from comments that I have
heard.
	 There are several types of hydroponics. The best one I have been able
to locate is a system developed by Valcent Products Inc. You might
want to review their web site at www.valcent.com. Not only do they
have a system for growing food but also for producing bio-fuel of
various types. Their process for producing bio-fuel uses very little
water and recycles it, and uses a small 'foot print'. The same goes
for their method of growing food. Very small foot print and recycling
of all that can be recycled.
	 That should do it for this edition and I'll as usual take questions.
By the way I'm doing some experimenting at this time growing
vegetables hydroponicly.
	 Thank you all for hanging in there.....

	 Jaber

I have discovered a way to know the
Date and Day
ON Mars!!
I have described it in some detail
on my Ares Regia group site.
Thank you.
Mars_Date_72209 @_11:10_MTC
Summer/Winter
or
10/July/2008/Thursday @_15:11_UTC
Summer/Winter
or
20/Hadad/3192/Earthday @_11:10_MTC
Summer/Winter.

Hello folks, I have made a new download of the MERDAT software
available.

MERDAT is for use with images from the MER rovers on Mars.
Data display, Time on Mars/Earth, camera, filter, etc.
True and False Colour composites from the B and W raw images.
AVI movie sequence creation.
Plus more.

http://www.vk3ukf.com/vk3ukf_files/MERDAT.htm

As would be expected, this is better than the last one.
GIF image saving has been perfected, as well as a big headache,
saving the X-eye images. I had problems

with joining the two into one. Pages that were in a testing state
have been finished or made more user

friendly. An email function has been included that will post
directly to the MerDat group on Yahoo

Groups.

There are 2 downloads avaiable,

MerDat.zip 14 MB contains directory structure and sample images.

and

MerDat2008.zip 2.2 MB MerDat executable only.

An error log has also been incorporated. This starts fresh every
time you start MerDat and overwrites

the previous log file.

A small utility has been made avaiable as a download.
AVI2GIF.exe. This separate executable should live in the MerDat
directory along with St

What next, I want to add image support for PNG, JPEG2000 and TIFF.
I want to create some form of interogating the PDS for data.
An investigator at JPL asked me about doing an Apple Mac version.
How bad do I feel about not being able to supply one to them. :-(
I am considering releasing the source code to other programmers that
may want to contribute their

skills towards the MerDat project.
If you have an interest in this, please email me.

Have you any suggestions to add to the list.

Thanking you, Kevin. VK3KUF.

--- In MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com, "Kevin" <vk3ukf@...> wrote:
>
> Greetings Marsaholics,
> MERDAT, software for aiding in research with MER images.
>
> My website.
> http://www.vk3ukf.com/
>
> A page direct to MERDAT.
> http://www.vk3ukf.com/vk3ukf_files/MERDAT.htm
>
> NASA b&w stills into.....
> Approx. true colour (straight combo or MER2RGB).
> 3D x eye or red/cyan anaglyphs.
> AVI movie sequences.
> Full data decoding.
>
> Enjoy, Kevin Forbes, (HAM call VK3UKF).
>
....................
....................
Dana Johnson here,
Just read your mailing and wanted to thank you for bringing a new
specialized process to the table in this image processor software. I
already have much to say about it, but just a couple of images run in
it, as I am disracted by the inability to present posts and replies
on marsroverblog.com this week.
I really think you should consider merging this with one of several
semi-public and open source type image editors. The expansion of
processes would overcome many of our difficulties in dealing with the
JPG sources imaged at the MER gallery. Then again, the two concepts
could remain two programs.
As soon as I have my current pending new topics posted I'll study
your program more and return to a site page, or email, of your choice.
Where is the best location for a conversation about this fine new
program?
sincerely,
Dana Johnson

Greetings Marsaholics,
MERDAT, software for aiding in research with MER images.

My website.
http://www.vk3ukf.com/

A page direct to MERDAT.
http://www.vk3ukf.com/vk3ukf_files/MERDAT.htm

NASA b&w stills into.....
Approx. true colour (straight combo or MER2RGB).
3D x eye or red/cyan anaglyphs.
AVI movie sequences.
Full data decoding.

Enjoy, Kevin Forbes, (HAM call VK3UKF).

Thank you.

jaber_1934 <jaber@...> wrote:                               --- In
MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com, "jaber_1934" <jaber@...> wrote:
  Scientific classification

  1.Peanut (Arachis hypogea)
  Scientific classification
  Kingdom:Plantae
  Division:Magnoliophyta
  Class:Magnoliopsida
  Order:Fabales
  Family:Fabaceae
  Subfamily:Faboideae
  Tribe:Aeschynomeneae
  Genus:Arachis
  Species:A. Hypogaea
  Binomial name Arachis hypogaea
  L.

   Lets see if we can do a rather fun project this time. We will see
  what Peanuts have to offer.

   Peanuts go by several names other than peanuts, depending on what
  your location is. Some of the AKA's are: Earthnuts, Goobers, Goober
  Peas, Pindas, Jack nuts, Pinders, Manila nuts, and Monkey Balls. (The
  last is often used to mean the entire pod, not just the seeds. In the
  UK these are sold as monkey nuts.)

   A description of the plant is as follows: It is an annual herbaceous
  plant growing to 30 to 50 cm (1 to 1 ˝ foot tall.)  The leaves are
  opposite, Pinnate with four leaflets (two opposite pairs with no
  terminal leaflet), each leaflet is 1 to 7 cm (3/8 to 2 3/4") long and
  1 to 3 cm (3/8 to 1 inch) broad.  The flowers are typical peaflower in
  shape, 2 to 4 cm (ľ to  1 1/2")  across, yellow with reddish veining.
   After pollination the fruit develops into a  legume 3 to 7 cm (1 to 2
  inches) long, containing 1 to 4 seeds, which forces its way
  underground to mature. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the
  botanical sense the fruit of the peanut is a woody, indehiscent legume
  and not a nut.

   The peanut is an Indiginous(NOT "Native") of South America, it originated
between
  southern Bolivia and northern Argentina from where it spread
  throughout the New World as Spanish explorers discovered its
  versatility.  Today farmers in Asia and Africa also cultivate it.  It
  is grown in a wide range of environmental conditions in areas between
  40° south and 40° north of the equator. It was brought to the United
  States of America from Brazil, by the Portuguese around 1800.

   Some of the largest producers of the peanut by far are The People's Republic
of China and
  India followed by the sub-Saharan Africa countries, and southern continental
North_America (NOT "Central_America") and
  South America.  The majority of the crop is produced where average
  rainfall is 600-1200 mm (23" to 47") and daily temperatures are more
  than 20°C (68 degrees F). The peanut or ground nut is the 13th most
  important food crop in the world.  It is the world's fourth most
  important source of edible oil,  and third most important source of
  vegetable protein. {The oil is 50%  high quality, 25% is easily
  digestible, and 20% are carbohydrates.} In 2004 the ground that it was
  grown on was 24 million hectares worldwide with the total production
  of 36,000,000 metric tons.

   The peanut is a valuable source of several vitamins. Vitamin E, K,
  and B among others. (Its a good source of thiamine (B1) and also rich
  in niacin.) Peanut cakes formed after the oil is extracted, makes a
  high protein cattle food. With the proper processing it is also used
  in making baby foods and biscuits.

   An interesting side note. Unless the legislation was passed in 2002
  reversing some protectionist policies that were passed during the
  reign of one of our presidents (1977-1981), it is illegal to grow more
  than 1 acre (4000 m˛)  for private use unless you have many years of
  experience and/or belong to a peanut association. I wanted to grow
  them to feed my cattle I was not allowed to. The tops make great
  forage and silage, and they benefit the soil by fixing nitrogen.

   There are basically four major cultivar groups.  The most popular
  being Spanish, runner, The Commonwealth of Virginia, and Valencia.  There are
also
  Tennessee red and Tennessee White groups. Certain cultivar groups are
  preferred over others because of the use and the flavor of the nut.
  Some produce a better flavor oil, others are better sized and some
  shape differently and  others are disease-resistant.  The various
  types are distinguished by branching habit, and branch lengths.  There
  are numerous varieties of each type of nut and two main growth forms,
  bunch and runner.  Bunch types grow up right while runner types grow
  near the ground.

   The Spanish group.  The small Spanish  types are grown in South_Africa, in
general, and in the southwestern and southeastern mainland America.
  Prior to 1940, 90 percent of the peanuts grown in Georgia were Spanish
  types, but the trend since has been larger seeded, higher-yielding
  more disease-resistant cultivars.  Spanish peanuts have a higher oil
  content than other types of peanuts.

   The runner group.  Since 1940, there has been a shift to the
  production of runner group peanuts in the southeastern mainland America. 
Runners
  are found in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and South_Carolina.  This
  shift is due to good flavor, better roasting characteristics and
  higher yields when compared to Spanish types leading to food
  manufacturers preference for use in peanut butter and salting. Some of
  the cultivars are Dixie runner, early runner, Virginia Bunch 67,
  Redford Runner, Egyptian giant, Rhodesian Spanish bunch.

   The Virginia group.  The large seeded Virginia group peanuts are
  grown in The Commonwealth of Virginia, North_Carolina, Tennessee, and parts of
Georgia.
  They are increasing in popularity due to demand for large peanuts for
  processing,   particularly for salting, confections, and roasting in
  the shells.  The Virginia group peanuts are either bunch or runners in
  growth habit.  The bunch type is upright to spreading.  It attains a
  height of 45 to 55 cm (18 to 22 inches), and a spread of 70 to 80 cm
  (28 to 30 inches), with 80 to 90 cm (33 to 36 inches) rows that seldom
  cover the ground.  The pods are borne within five to 10 cm of the base
  of the plant.

   The Valencia group.  The Valencia group peanuts are course, and they
  have heavy reddish stems and large foliage.  In America large
  commercial production is primarily in eastern New_Mexico, but they
  grown on a small scale elsewhere in "the South" as the best flavored and
  preferred type of boiled peanuts.  They are comparatively tall, having
  a height of 125 cm, (50 inches), and they spread of 75 cm,(30 inches).
   The peanut pods are borne on pegs  arising from the main stem and the
  side branches.  Most of the pods are clustered around the base of the
  plant, and only a few are found several inches away.  Valencia types
  are three seeded and smooth, with no constriction between the seeds.
  Seeds are oval and tightly crowded into the pods.  There are two
  strains, one with flesh and the other with red seeds.  Typical seed
  weight is 4/10 to 5/10 gram.

   Tennessee red and Tennessee White groups.  These are alike except for
  the color of the seed.  Plants are similar to Valencia types, except
  that the stems are green to greenish brown in the pods and are rough,
  irregular, and have a smaller proportion of kernels

   The soil pH should be in the range of 6.0.  It should not be clay and
  should be loose and free of rocks and sticks and some compost should
  be added.  You should do a soil test to see just exactly what is going
  to be needed.  If lime is needed it should be applied well in advance
  of planting the seeds and worked in the soil.  At time of planting you
  could use an 8-8-8 fertilizer, one half cup for every 10 foot of row.
  The seeds should be planted an inch to an inch and a half deep and
  four or five seeds for each foot of row.  The nuts need calcium in
  order to fill out well.  You can use either gypsum or calcium sulfate
  at the time the peanuts are flowering to supply needed calcium.

   Cultivation should be shallow.  This is to prevent damage to the
  peanuts as they develop near the soil surface.  Also, you should not
  let them dry out during the period of flowering.  They should be
  watered weekly, so that the soil is soaked at least six to 8 inches deep.

   When it comes time to harvest them, after 4 to 5 months from
  planting, the plants will start to yellow.  Dig the whole plant and
  turn it upside down and allow it to dry for two or three days.  The
  peanuts should still be attached to the vine.  If it looks like rain
  move your drying process indoors out of the rain.

   Peanuts are particularly susceptible to contamination during growth
  and storage. Poor storage of peanuts can lead to an infection by the
  mold fungus Aspergillus flavus, releasing the toxic substance
  aflatoxin. The aflatoxin producing molds exist throughout the peanut
  growing areas and may produce aflatoxin in peanuts when conditions are
  favorable to fungal growth.

   Many people here in America seem to have allergies to
  peanuts.  Some even have a fatal case of anaphylactic shock set in.
  There seems to be very few cases of people in Communist China and India and
  Europe being allergic to peanuts.  According to a 2003 study, the
  roasting of the nuts is more commonly done in "North_America", thus
  causing a major peanut allergen, Ara h2 to become a stronger inhibitor
  of the digestive enzyme, typsim, making it more resistant to
  digestion.  Additionally this allergen has also been shown to protect
  Ara h1, another major peanut allergen from digestion, a characteristic
  further enhanced by roasting. Though the allergy can last a lifetime
  an other 2003 study indicates that 23.3% of the children will outgrow
  a peanut allergy. Peanut allergy has been associated with the use of
  skin preparations containing peanut oil among children, but the
  evidence is not regarded as conclusive.  Peanut allergies have also
  been associated with a family history of intake of soy products. There
  is now an experimental drug being tested to combat this allergy,
  called TNX-901. As the peanut is a member of the legume family and
  unrelated to other nuts, individuals with peanut allergies may not be
  allergic to other types of nuts, and vice versa.  Peanut allergies
  come from the protein molecules of the nut and not the fat, this means
  those with allergies can use unprocessed peanut oil with no negative
  side effects.

   It is estimated that half-a-billion people on Earth rely on the
  peanut as their primary source of protein. Most of these people are
  small land-holding farmers in Africa, South_America, and southeastern
  Asia. The main factor limiting their ability to increase their output
  has been that they lack the technological infrastructure to shell
  peanuts at a cost-efficient rate. The job is usually delegated to
  women and children, who shell only about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) per hour. In
  2005 an organization of former Peace Corps volunteers known as the
  Full Belly Project designed an inexpensive, hand-powered peanut
  sheller, known as the "Universal Nut Sheller" that can shell peanuts
  at around 55 kg per hour. The designs for the machine are in the
  public domain, and the organization hopes to create more appropriate
  technology for sustainable development  in the future. Other
  inventions presently in research and development include a corn
  cracker and a soy milk maker. The main designer of the Malian peanut
  sheller and other Full Belly Project inventions is author and film
  technician Jock Brandis.



   Okay let's call it quits for now.  And if I find anything else I will
  have to do in addition.

  Jay






---------------------------------
Be a better Heartthrob. Get better relationship answers from someone who knows.
Yahoo! Answers - Check it out.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Look up George Washington Cavalier.  The story begins that one weekend, God
told him everything there was to know about the peanut.  I got a kick out of
how Watchtower Magazine missed that first part and used the rest of the
story (300+ patents, served a banquet made of a large variety of dishes, all
made from peanuts) in an article about God's wonderful creation.

Watchtower = Magazine of Watchtower and Bible Tract Society (WTBTS); WTBTS =
"Jehovah's Witnesses" (I'm not with them, just somewhat polite towards their
evangelists...one of which flipped open a Watchtower Magazine to a peanut
article...and I told him the beginning of the story...I suspect because it
showed him I probably know more about theological issues than WTBTS, he
never bothered me again.)


On 8/26/07, jaber_1934 <jaber@...> wrote:
>
> --- In MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com, "jaber_1934" <jaber@...> wrote:
> Scientific classification
>
> 1.Peanut (Arachis hypogea)
> Scientific classification
> Kingdom:Plantae
> Division:Magnoliophyta
> Class:Magnoliopsida
> Order:Fabales
> Family:Fabaceae
> Subfamily:Faboideae
> Tribe:Aeschynomeneae
> Genus:Arachis
> Species:A. Hypogaea
> Binomial name Arachis hypogaea
> L.
>
>        Lets see if we can do a rather fun project this time. We will see
> what Peanuts have to offer.
>
>        Peanuts go by several names other than peanuts, depending on what
> your location is. Some of the AKA's are: Earthnuts, Goobers, Goober
> Peas, Pindas, Jack nuts, Pinders, Manila nuts, and Monkey Balls. (The
> last is often used to mean the entire pod, not just the seeds. In the
> UK these are sold as monkey nuts.)
>
>        A description of the plant is as follows: It is an annual
> herbaceous
> plant growing to 30 to 50 cm (1 to 1 ˝ foot tall.)  The leaves are
> opposite, Pinnate with four leaflets (two opposite pairs with no
> terminal leaflet), each leaflet is 1 to 7 cm (3/8 to 2 3/4") long and
> 1 to 3 cm (3/8 to 1 inch) broad.  The flowers are typical peaflower in
> shape, 2 to 4 cm (ľ to  1 1/2")  across, yellow with reddish veining.
> After pollination the fruit develops into a  legume 3 to 7 cm (1 to 2
> inches) long, containing 1 to 4 seeds, which forces its way
> underground to mature. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the
> botanical sense the fruit of the peanut is a woody, indehiscent legume
> and not a nut.
>
>        The peanut is a Native of South America, it originated between
> southern Bolivia and northern Argentina from where it spread
> throughout the New World as Spanish explorers discovered its
> versatility.  Today farmers in Asia and Africa also cultivate it.  It
> is grown in a wide range of environmental conditions in areas between
> 40° south and 40° north of the equator. It was brought to the United
> States from Brazil, by the Portuguese around 1800.
>
>        Some of the largest producers of the peanut by far are China and
> India followed by the sub-Saharan Africa countries, and Central and
> South America.  The majority of the crop is produced where average
> rainfall is 600-1200 mm (23" to 47") and daily temperatures are more
> than 20°C (68 degrees F). The peanut or ground nut is the 13th most
> important food crop in the world.  It is the world's fourth most
> important source of edible oil,  and third most important source of
> vegetable protein. {The oil is 50%  high quality, 25% is easily
> digestible, and 20% are carbohydrates.} In 2004 the ground that it was
> grown on was 24 million hectares worldwide with the total production
> of 36,000,000 metric tons.
>
>        The peanut is a valuable source of several vitamins. Vitamin E, K,
> and B among others. (Its a good source of thiamine (B1) and also rich
> in niacin.) Peanut cakes formed after the oil is extracted, makes a
> high protein cattle food. With the proper processing it is also used
> in making baby foods and biscuits.
>
>        An interesting side note. Unless the legislation was passed in 2002
> reversing some protectionist policies that were passed during the
> reign of one of our presidents (1977-1981), it is illegal to grow more
> than 1 acre (4000 m˛)  for private use unless you have many years of
> experience and/or belong to a peanut association. I wanted to grow
> them to feed my cattle I was not allowed to. The tops make great
> forage and silage, and they benefit the soil by fixing nitrogen.
>
>        There are basically four major cultivar groups.  The most popular
> being Spanish, runner, Virginia, and Valencia.  There are also
> Tennessee red and Tennessee White groups. Certain cultivar groups are
> preferred over others because of the use and the flavor of the nut.
> Some produce a better flavor oil, others are better sized and some
> shape differently and  others are disease-resistant.  The various
> types are distinguished by branching habit, and branch lengths.  There
> are numerous varieties of each type of nut and two main growth forms,
> bunch and runner.  Bunch types grow up right while runner types grow
> near the ground.
>
>        The Spanish group.  The small Spanish  types are grown in South
> Africa, in general, and in the southwestern and southeastern US.
> Prior to 1940, 90 percent of the peanuts grown in Georgia were Spanish
> types, but the trend since has been larger seeded, higher-yielding
> more disease-resistant cultivars.  Spanish peanuts have a higher oil
> content than other types of peanuts.
>
>        The runner group.  Since 1940, there has been a shift to the
> production of runner group peanuts in the southeastern US.  Runners
> are found in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and South Carolina.  This
> shift is due to good flavor, better roasting characteristics and
> higher yields when compared to Spanish types leading to food
> manufacturers preference for use in peanut butter and salting. Some of
> the cultivars are Dixie runner, early runner, Virginia Bunch 67,
> Redford Runner, Egyptian giant, Rhodesian Spanish bunch.
>
>        The Virginia group.  The large seeded Virginia group peanuts are
> grown in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and parts of Georgia.
> They are increasing in popularity due to demand for large peanuts for
> processing,   particularly for salting, confections, and roasting in
> the shells.  The Virginia group peanuts are either bunch or runners in
> growth habit.  The bunch type is upright to spreading.  It attains a
> height of 45 to 55 cm (18 to 22 inches), and a spread of 70 to 80 cm
> (28 to 30 inches), with 80 to 90 cm (33 to 36 inches) rows that seldom
> cover the ground.  The pods are borne within five to 10 cm of the base
> of the plant.
>
>        The Valencia group.  The Valencia group peanuts are course, and
> they
> have heavy reddish stems and large foliage.  In the US large
> commercial production is primarily in eastern New Mexico, but they
> grown on a small scale elsewhere in the South as the best flavored and
> preferred type of boiled peanuts.  They are comparatively tall, having
> a height of 125 cm, (50 inches), and they spread of 75 cm,(30 inches).
> The peanut pods are borne on pegs  arising from the main stem and the
> side branches.  Most of the pods are clustered around the base of the
> plant, and only a few are found several inches away.  Valencia types
> are three seeded and smooth, with no constriction between the seeds.
> Seeds are oval and tightly crowded into the pods.  There are two
> strains, one with flesh and the other with red seeds.  Typical seed
> weight is 4/10 to 5/10 gram.
>
>        Tennessee red and Tennessee White groups.  These are alike except
> for
> the color of the seed.  Plants are similar to Valencia types, except
> that the stems are green to greenish brown in the pods and are rough,
> irregular, and have a smaller proportion of kernels
>
>
>        The soil pH should be in the range of 6.0.  It should not be clay
> and
> should be loose and free of rocks and sticks and some compost should
> be added.  You should do a soil test to see just exactly what is going
> to be needed.  If lime is needed it should be applied well in advance
> of planting the seeds and worked in the soil.  At time of planting you
> could use an 8-8-8 fertilizer, one half cup for every 10 foot of row.
> The seeds should be planted an inch to an inch and a half deep and
> four or five seeds for each foot of row.  The nuts need calcium in
> order to fill out well.  You can use either gypsum or calcium sulfate
> at the time the peanuts are flowering to supply needed calcium.
>
>        Cultivation should be shallow.  This is to prevent damage to the
> peanuts as they develop near the soil surface.  Also, you should not
> let them dry out during the period of flowering.  They should be
> watered weekly, so that the soil is soaked at least six to 8 inches deep.
>
>        When it comes time to harvest them, after 4 to 5 months from
> planting, the plants will start to yellow.  Dig the whole plant and
> turn it upside down and allow it to dry for two or three days.  The
> peanuts should still be attached to the vine.  If it looks like rain
> move your drying process indoors out of the rain.
>
>        Peanuts are particularly susceptible to contamination during growth
> and storage. Poor storage of peanuts can lead to an infection by the
> mold fungus Aspergillus flavus, releasing the toxic substance
> aflatoxin. The aflatoxin producing molds exist throughout the peanut
> growing areas and may produce aflatoxin in peanuts when conditions are
> favorable to fungal growth.
>
>        Many people here in the United States seem to have allergies to
> peanuts.  Some even have a fatal case of anaphylactic shock set in.
> There seems to be very few cases of people in China and India and
> Europe being allergic to peanuts.  According to a 2003 study, the
> roasting of the nuts is more commonly done in North America, thus
> causing a major peanut allergen, Ara h2 to become a stronger inhibitor
> of the digestive enzyme, typsim, making it more resistant to
> digestion.  Additionally this allergen has also been shown to protect
> Ara h1, another major peanut allergen from digestion, a characteristic
> further enhanced by roasting. Though the allergy can last a lifetime
> an other 2003 study indicates that 23.3% of the children will outgrow
> a peanut allergy. Peanut allergy has been associated with the use of
> skin preparations containing peanut oil among children, but the
> evidence is not regarded as conclusive.  Peanut allergies have also
> been associated with a family history of intake of soy products. There
> is now an experimental drug being tested to combat this allergy,
> called TNX-901. As the peanut is a member of the legume family and
> unrelated to other nuts, individuals with peanut allergies may not be
> allergic to other types of nuts, and vice versa.  Peanut allergies
> come from the protein molecules of the nut and not the fat, this means
> those with allergies can use unprocessed peanut oil with no negative
> side effects.
>
>        It is estimated that half-a-billion people on Earth rely on the
> peanut as their primary source of protein. Most of these people are
> small land-holding farmers in Africa, South America, and Southeast
> Asia. The main factor limiting their ability to increase their output
> has been that they lack the technological infrastructure to shell
> peanuts at a cost-efficient rate. The job is usually delegated to
> women and children, who shell only about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) per hour. In
> 2005 an organization of former Peace Corps volunteers known as the
> Full Belly Project designed an inexpensive, hand-powered peanut
> sheller, known as the "Universal Nut Sheller" that can shell peanuts
> at around 55 kg per hour. The designs for the machine are in the
> public domain, and the organization hopes to create more appropriate
> technology for sustainable development  in the future. Other
> inventions presently in research and development include a corn
> cracker and a soy milk maker. The main designer of the Malian peanut
> sheller and other Full Belly Project inventions is author and film
> technician Jock Brandis.
>
>
>
>        Okay let's call it quits for now.  And if I find anything else I
> will
> have to do in addition.
>
> Jay
>
>
>
> WHAT ARE YOU DOING TO GET TO MARS IN THIS LIFE TIME.
> The nine life support systems (as defined by NASA) are:
> Air Supply - Food production and delivery - Waste management, - Water
> supply - Temperature control - Electricity - Transportation -Communications
> - Recreation
> I include: Radiation Protection. - Information
> storage/retrieval/processing - Ability to construct necessary additions
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

--- In MarsLivingNow-@yahoogroups.com, "jaber_1934" <jaber@...> wrote:
Scientific classification

1.Peanut (Arachis hypogea)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Fabales
Family:Fabaceae
Subfamily:Faboideae
Tribe:Aeschynomeneae
Genus:Arachis
Species:A. Hypogaea
Binomial name Arachis hypogaea
L.

	 Lets see if we can do a rather fun project this time. We will see
what Peanuts have to offer.

	 Peanuts go by several names other than peanuts, depending on what
your location is. Some of the AKA's are: Earthnuts, Goobers, Goober
Peas, Pindas, Jack nuts, Pinders, Manila nuts, and Monkey Balls. (The
last is often used to mean the entire pod, not just the seeds. In the
UK these are sold as monkey nuts.)

	 A description of the plant is as follows: It is an annual herbaceous
plant growing to 30 to 50 cm (1 to 1 ˝ foot tall.)  The leaves are
opposite, Pinnate with four leaflets (two opposite pairs with no
terminal leaflet), each leaflet is 1 to 7 cm (3/8 to 2 3/4") long and
1 to 3 cm (3/8 to 1 inch) broad.  The flowers are typical peaflower in
shape, 2 to 4 cm (ľ to  1 1/2")  across, yellow with reddish veining.
  After pollination the fruit develops into a  legume 3 to 7 cm (1 to 2
inches) long, containing 1 to 4 seeds, which forces its way
underground to mature. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the
botanical sense the fruit of the peanut is a woody, indehiscent legume
and not a nut.

	 The peanut is a Native of South America, it originated between
southern Bolivia and northern Argentina from where it spread
throughout the New World as Spanish explorers discovered its
versatility.  Today farmers in Asia and Africa also cultivate it.  It
is grown in a wide range of environmental conditions in areas between
40° south and 40° north of the equator. It was brought to the United
States from Brazil, by the Portuguese around 1800.

	 Some of the largest producers of the peanut by far are China and
India followed by the sub-Saharan Africa countries, and Central and
South America.  The majority of the crop is produced where average
rainfall is 600-1200 mm (23" to 47") and daily temperatures are more
than 20°C (68 degrees F). The peanut or ground nut is the 13th most
important food crop in the world.  It is the world's fourth most
important source of edible oil,  and third most important source of
vegetable protein. {The oil is 50%  high quality, 25% is easily
digestible, and 20% are carbohydrates.} In 2004 the ground that it was
grown on was 24 million hectares worldwide with the total production
of 36,000,000 metric tons.

	 The peanut is a valuable source of several vitamins. Vitamin E, K,
and B among others. (Its a good source of thiamine (B1) and also rich
in niacin.) Peanut cakes formed after the oil is extracted, makes a
high protein cattle food. With the proper processing it is also used
in making baby foods and biscuits.

	 An interesting side note. Unless the legislation was passed in 2002
reversing some protectionist policies that were passed during the
reign of one of our presidents (1977-1981), it is illegal to grow more
than 1 acre (4000 m˛)  for private use unless you have many years of
experience and/or belong to a peanut association. I wanted to grow
them to feed my cattle I was not allowed to. The tops make great
forage and silage, and they benefit the soil by fixing nitrogen.

	 There are basically four major cultivar groups.  The most popular
being Spanish, runner, Virginia, and Valencia.  There are also
Tennessee red and Tennessee White groups. Certain cultivar groups are
preferred over others because of the use and the flavor of the nut.
Some produce a better flavor oil, others are better sized and some
shape differently and  others are disease-resistant.  The various
types are distinguished by branching habit, and branch lengths.  There
are numerous varieties of each type of nut and two main growth forms,
bunch and runner.  Bunch types grow up right while runner types grow
near the ground.

	 The Spanish group.  The small Spanish  types are grown in South
Africa, in general, and in the southwestern and southeastern US.
Prior to 1940, 90 percent of the peanuts grown in Georgia were Spanish
types, but the trend since has been larger seeded, higher-yielding
more disease-resistant cultivars.  Spanish peanuts have a higher oil
content than other types of peanuts.

	 The runner group.  Since 1940, there has been a shift to the
production of runner group peanuts in the southeastern US.  Runners
are found in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and South Carolina.  This
shift is due to good flavor, better roasting characteristics and
higher yields when compared to Spanish types leading to food
manufacturers preference for use in peanut butter and salting. Some of
the cultivars are Dixie runner, early runner, Virginia Bunch 67,
Redford Runner, Egyptian giant, Rhodesian Spanish bunch.

	 The Virginia group.  The large seeded Virginia group peanuts are
grown in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and parts of Georgia.
They are increasing in popularity due to demand for large peanuts for
processing,   particularly for salting, confections, and roasting in
the shells.  The Virginia group peanuts are either bunch or runners in
growth habit.  The bunch type is upright to spreading.  It attains a
height of 45 to 55 cm (18 to 22 inches), and a spread of 70 to 80 cm
(28 to 30 inches), with 80 to 90 cm (33 to 36 inches) rows that seldom
cover the ground.  The pods are borne within five to 10 cm of the base
of the plant.

	 The Valencia group.  The Valencia group peanuts are course, and they
have heavy reddish stems and large foliage.  In the US large
commercial production is primarily in eastern New Mexico, but they
grown on a small scale elsewhere in the South as the best flavored and
preferred type of boiled peanuts.  They are comparatively tall, having
a height of 125 cm, (50 inches), and they spread of 75 cm,(30 inches).
  The peanut pods are borne on pegs  arising from the main stem and the
side branches.  Most of the pods are clustered around the base of the
plant, and only a few are found several inches away.  Valencia types
are three seeded and smooth, with no constriction between the seeds.
Seeds are oval and tightly crowded into the pods.  There are two
strains, one with flesh and the other with red seeds.  Typical seed
weight is 4/10 to 5/10 gram.

	 Tennessee red and Tennessee White groups.  These are alike except for
the color of the seed.  Plants are similar to Valencia types, except
that the stems are green to greenish brown in the pods and are rough,
irregular, and have a smaller proportion of kernels


	 The soil pH should be in the range of 6.0.  It should not be clay and
should be loose and free of rocks and sticks and some compost should
be added.  You should do a soil test to see just exactly what is going
to be needed.  If lime is needed it should be applied well in advance
of planting the seeds and worked in the soil.  At time of planting you
could use an 8-8-8 fertilizer, one half cup for every 10 foot of row.
The seeds should be planted an inch to an inch and a half deep and
four or five seeds for each foot of row.  The nuts need calcium in
order to fill out well.  You can use either gypsum or calcium sulfate
at the time the peanuts are flowering to supply needed calcium.

	 Cultivation should be shallow.  This is to prevent damage to the
peanuts as they develop near the soil surface.  Also, you should not
let them dry out during the period of flowering.  They should be
watered weekly, so that the soil is soaked at least six to 8 inches deep.

	 When it comes time to harvest them, after 4 to 5 months from
planting, the plants will start to yellow.  Dig the whole plant and
turn it upside down and allow it to dry for two or three days.  The
peanuts should still be attached to the vine.  If it looks like rain
move your drying process indoors out of the rain.

	 Peanuts are particularly susceptible to contamination during growth
and storage. Poor storage of peanuts can lead to an infection by the
mold fungus Aspergillus flavus, releasing the toxic substance
aflatoxin. The aflatoxin producing molds exist throughout the peanut
growing areas and may produce aflatoxin in peanuts when conditions are
favorable to fungal growth.

	 Many people here in the United States seem to have allergies to
peanuts.  Some even have a fatal case of anaphylactic shock set in.
There seems to be very few cases of people in China and India and
Europe being allergic to peanuts.  According to a 2003 study, the
roasting of the nuts is more commonly done in North America, thus
causing a major peanut allergen, Ara h2 to become a stronger inhibitor
of the digestive enzyme, typsim, making it more resistant to
digestion.  Additionally this allergen has also been shown to protect
Ara h1, another major peanut allergen from digestion, a characteristic
further enhanced by roasting. Though the allergy can last a lifetime
an other 2003 study indicates that 23.3% of the children will outgrow
a peanut allergy. Peanut allergy has been associated with the use of
skin preparations containing peanut oil among children, but the
evidence is not regarded as conclusive.  Peanut allergies have also
been associated with a family history of intake of soy products. There
is now an experimental drug being tested to combat this allergy,
called TNX-901. As the peanut is a member of the legume family and
unrelated to other nuts, individuals with peanut allergies may not be
allergic to other types of nuts, and vice versa.  Peanut allergies
come from the protein molecules of the nut and not the fat, this means
those with allergies can use unprocessed peanut oil with no negative
side effects.

	 It is estimated that half-a-billion people on Earth rely on the
peanut as their primary source of protein. Most of these people are
small land-holding farmers in Africa, South America, and Southeast
Asia. The main factor limiting their ability to increase their output
has been that they lack the technological infrastructure to shell
peanuts at a cost-efficient rate. The job is usually delegated to
women and children, who shell only about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) per hour. In
2005 an organization of former Peace Corps volunteers known as the
Full Belly Project designed an inexpensive, hand-powered peanut
sheller, known as the "Universal Nut Sheller" that can shell peanuts
at around 55 kg per hour. The designs for the machine are in the
public domain, and the organization hopes to create more appropriate
technology for sustainable development  in the future. Other
inventions presently in research and development include a corn
cracker and a soy milk maker. The main designer of the Malian peanut
sheller and other Full Belly Project inventions is author and film
technician Jock Brandis.



	 Okay let's call it quits for now.  And if I find anything else I will
have to do in addition.

Jay

GROWING POTATOES


Scientific Nomenclature

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  Plantae
Division:  Magnoliophyta
Class: 	        Magnoliopsida
Subclass:  Asteridae
Order: 	        Solanales
Family:  Solanaceae
Genus: 	        Solanum
Species:  S. tuberosum

Binomial name
Solanum tuberosum


	 The potato was an unknown until somewhere around 200 B.C., when the
Incas  in Peru decided to eat some. In 1537, the Spanish
Conquistadores discovered  potatoes and brought them back to Europe on
a return trip.  The first potatoes arrived in North America in 1621.
Today potatoes are one of the largest food crops in the world with the
United States alone growing about 35,000,000,000 pounds of potatoes
every year. (The average adult consumes 125 pounds of potatoes a year.)

	 Growing conditions for potatoes is almost identical to tomatoes.  The
main difference is potatoes do not start to grow until the soil
temperature is 45°F.  The PH should be 5.8 to 6.5 and with a
reasonably fertile ground, you'll normally get a fair crop. As with
tomatoes, it is possible to do things to increase your crop significantly.

	 Let's look at the normal way to grow potatoes.  You should only
consider planting certified seed potatoes.  You might say that gee,
those in the grocery store sure look nice, but you will find that they
have been sprayed with something that will keep them from sprouting.
This is not a bad thing, but it makes them so much more difficult to
grow.  In fact, I doubt seriously if you can get them to sprout.

	 Alright, you go and by 5 pounds of seed potatoes with the expectation
of getting 25 to 30 pounds of crop.  When you're getting ready to
plant your potatoes, make sure the soil is not too wet, because if it
is you're taking a chance that your seed will rot before they ever get
started.  In order to prevent their rotting in soil that is slightly
damp it would be necessary to pre-sprout them and dip the seed  pieces
in powdered sulfur. In order to pre-sprout them, place your potatoes
in a warm (70 to 80 degrees F) in the sun. It should not take more
than two or three days for them to sprout. After cutting, the pieces
should be allowed to dry for three or four days before planting.  This
allows the fresh cut to scab over and resist attacks by fungus.

	 Now for the ground.  The ground should be worked at least 8 inches
deep, and should have few or no hard clouds or rocks.  Dig a trench
eight or nine inches deep and put about an inch of manure or
mushroom compost in the bottom. Now cover this with an inch of good
soil. This is to prevent the seed from touching it and the new
potatoes having 'scabs'. These scabs do not hurt the potato meat but
sure looks ugly. Now place your potato 'seed'  on this layer of soil,
with the sprout up and cover with about three inches of soil.  Plant
them about 3 inches deep, and if you want your potato crop to be of
larger potatoes, space your seeds about 18 inches apart in the row,
and for small size potatoes about 14 inches apart.  When I say size of
potatoes here, I mean, the potatoes that you potentially will harvest.
Now dig two more trenches, one on each side of your seed row. You will
now side dress your seed bed with some good fertilizer.  It is
recommended that you use a composted manure for this purpose.  If you
do not have manure available you can use 10-20-10, fertilizer. This
fertilizer should be below your seed and should not come in contact
with the seed. It is recommended that you use about 2 cups of 10-20-10
for each 30 foot row of seed. (That means you will have one cup on
each side of the row). Potatoes may be planted as late as June 15.

	 As your seed grows to about 8 inches tall, hill around the plant with
about 4 inches of soil.  This should be done every two or three weeks
until the hill is about a foot or a foot and a half tall.  It is done
to prevent the new tubers from being exposed to the sun, which causes
them to turn green.  The green on potatoes is toxic to some people.

	 You can start your harvest as early as three weeks after the blossoms
have finished their run. If you carefully dig around the plant at this
time you can harvest some small to medium size potatoes good for soups
and salads. It will take another three to four weeks for the potatoes
to complete there maturing process. If you want to store your harvest
you need to dig the mature potatoes and allow to 'cure' for 3 or 4
days in the sun. This toughens the skins so they do not bruise as easy
as 'new' potatoes. If it looks like rain you need to move them inside
to 'cure'. When digging you should be careful not to bruise the tender
skin on them as they will not keep as well if bruised. Good idea to
use those that are bruised as soon as possible. By the way, make sure
to keep them watered for at least three weeks after the blossoms fall
as this is the time of their maximum growth. If the vines are still
green at the end of September, go a head and cut them off to give the
potatoes time to mature. The vines you remove should be burned along
with the rest of your trimmings to stop the spread of disease.

	 Some popular varieties of potatoes are, in the red category: Red
LaSoda, Norland, and Viking. In the white varieties you have Kennebec,
Superior, and Nooksack. That is a far cry from all the seed stock that
is available. You should contact your local garden shop and ask them
to order whatever breed you would like to have.  They can make
recommendations as to which breeds are early, medium and late
harvesters. There are even varieties, which are black.

	 Now let's get to some of the more space saving ways to grow potatoes.
  Several different methods are available. If you have old tires laying
around you can stack tires on top of each other and plant your
potatoes inside the stack. Start by breaking up the ground first and
placing your first tire on the bottom starting with the largest tire.
Put soil inside the tire and prop the bead of the tire open so you can
plant your potatoes. When they start to grow, place another tire on
the stack and fill with fresh soil. Keep this up till you have 4 or 5
tires tall. Be sure you water deep enough that the soil gets moisture
all the way to the bottom. The tires should provide some extra warmth
that your plants will enjoy. If you have some chicken wire, you can
make a 5 Foot Circle with that and plant about five hills of potatoes
inside the wire building your hills to the top of the wire. Or, you
can go buy some plastic trash cans and cut the bottoms out and fill
those with two or three hills to the top.  Just giving some ideas on
space saving.  I personally have Nooksack potatoes planted various
ways.  It looks like in my area, they will not be harvested until late
September or early October. They were developed in the Nooksack Valley
of Washington, as I understand it, for french fries for McDonald's.
They are excellent baked or fried, and if allowed to grow to maturity
they are quite large. (One to two pounds each.)
That should complete my article on potatoes.

Jay

I am online for STS-118, but have limited online time.  I am anticipating
logout at 18:53 PDT, roughly 6 minutes after MECO.  This message should be
timestamped for the minute before.

I got online just in time for the polls at the end of the hold before the 9
minute final count.

The PAO commentary is unusually detailed for the final count.  The pelicans
must be getting nervous I think.

Lift off is good.
Roll is good.
There's the usual crap on the RocketCam, it goes away before Max-q;
probably just water condensed from the GOX vent.
There was a lot of Mach wave condensation.  There also appears to be a lot
of near max-q SRB plume recirculation.
I thought I saw a chunk come off the LH SRB, that's one for the PWG.  It
might have been an anomaly in my player, too.
The ET in the Rocketcam looks perfect.  The belly reflected lighting is very
good.
The PAO noted the activation of the flash evaporator.  That's the first time
I've heard that during an ascent.
This must be dang near the clearest RocketCam signal in history.  Ecliptic
must be proud.
At about 7:30 MET, the RocketCam signal is starting to break up, probably
due to plasma interference.  I can see some plasma too, so this is
unsurprising.  Then it clears right up! cool.
There's a venting coming off the RH wing, must be the APU exhaust.  Dang
this is good RocketCam!  I didn't think it was possible to get such a good
RocketCam view.

Anyway, I'm about to drop off.  This looks like a very good, very boring
ascent.  See you all later.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

That's when I had to get up in my time zone to see it.  After the
white-knuckled radio outage, I'm almost surprised I managed to get back to
sleep afterwards.  I doubt you'd have been able to see it by then, since it
would have a slant range of a couple thousand km and the sun was coming up
in Florida.  Come to think of it, if John Locker set up at Chris Valentine's
Shuttle-hunting perch in Flagstaff, Az (from where the longest video track
of the STS-107 was taken)...

On 8/4/07, jwsmith42000@... <jwsmith42000@...> wrote:
>
> Terry, thank you for the report. I see about 90% of all launches from my
> roof
> or back yard but I worked late into the night last night and sleep right
> through it. I finally got to bed about 3 am and had forgot that it was
> supposed to
> go off so early.
>
> Thanks again, John Wayne
>
>
> In a message dated 8/4/2007 7:00:50 AM Eastern Daylight Time,
> aftercolumbia@... writes:
>
>
> > Goldstone has the spacecraft, and Boeing has the second stage, so it
> looks
> > like a successful ascent with an unusual glitch in either the radio or
> the
> > network.
> >
>
>
>
>
> **************************************
> Get a sneak peek of the all-new AOL at
> http://discover.aol.com/memed/aolcom30tour
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> WHAT ARE YOU DOING TO GET TO MARS IN THIS LIFE TIME.
> The nine life support systems (as defined by NASA) are:
> Air Supply - Food production and delivery - Waste management, - Water
> supply - Temperature control - Electricity - Transportation -Communications
> - Recreation
> I include: Radiation Protection. - Information
> storage/retrieval/processing - Ability to construct necessary additions
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Terry, thank you for the report. I see about 90% of all launches from my roof
or back yard but I worked late into the night last night and sleep right
through it. I finally got to bed about 3 am and had forgot that it was supposed
to
go off so early.

Thanks again, John Wayne


In a message dated 8/4/2007 7:00:50 AM Eastern Daylight Time,
aftercolumbia@... writes:


> Goldstone has the spacecraft, and Boeing has the second stage, so it looks
> like a successful ascent with an unusual glitch in either the radio or the
> network.
>




**************************************
  Get a sneak peek of the all-new AOL at
http://discover.aol.com/memed/aolcom30tour


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Goldstone has the spacecraft, and Boeing has the second stage, so it looks
like a successful ascent with an unusual glitch in either the radio or the
network.

On 8/4/07, Terry Wilson <aftercolumbia@...> wrote:
>
> Third stage communications are down, and this is not normal.  If the third
> stage operated properly, DSN Goldstone should pick up the spacecraft in a
> few minutes.  We did get data for TECO, which means that Phoenix is on its
> way to Mars.
>
>  On 8/4/07, Terry Wilson <aftercolumbia@...> wrote:
> >
> > We have a radio glitch in the third stage, standby.
> >
> >
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Third stage communications are down, and this is not normal.  If the third
stage operated properly, DSN Goldstone should pick up the spacecraft in a
few minutes.  We did get data for TECO, which means that Phoenix is on its
way to Mars.

On 8/4/07, Terry Wilson <aftercolumbia@...> wrote:
>
> We have a radio glitch in the third stage, standby.
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

We have a radio glitch in the third stage, standby.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

It is a disappointment that this mission does not have a RocketCam because
third stage separation is pretty spectacular and very unusual.  Most
boosters are boring at this phase, but a high thrust spin-stabilized solid
motor does some strange things.  Normal boosters don't have third stages.
Delta II does because, frankly, its gutless.  It is the only US booster left
that uses a spin-stabilized stage (Taurus has an option for it, but Taurus
flights are pretty rare, and the spinner is a non-standard service.  The
Atlas V that launched New Horizons used a vector stabilized version of this
stage.)

Two or four (I forget which) small tangental solid motors attached to the
spin table fire.  These wind the third stage up to 70 RPM in three seconds.
Their operation resembles that of a firework pinwheel.  The third stage is
separated immediately so that the friction in the spin table doesn't slow it
down.  The second stage is left spinning slowly in the same direction.
After about six minutes of spinning like this, the motor fires.  90 seconds
later, with the motor spent, two tethered weights are deployed.  This cause
a rapid increase in the rocket science value of "moment of inertia."  Since
angular momentum is preserved, this armstretching exercise slows the spin
rate down.  After the weights are let go, the spacecraft separates.

The third stage has a low order intelligence called a "nutation control
system", which is one hydrazine thruster fed from a dinky tank on the tube
between the Phoenix cruise stage and the motor.  All it does is cancel any
wobble, which usually results from the spacecraft's propellant sloshing
around.  Phoenix's little 80397 tanks carry only 52kg of propellant under
rubber diaphragms.  If they're the new "stiff" rubber diaphragms, they won't
slosh much, so the NCS has a boring job for this mission compared to
something like the Mars Global Surveyor or a Star-2 commsat.

I'm letting this message fly with about five minutes remaining in the TV
channel's 'hold'.  If it blows up, I'll let you know.  Otherwise, this'll be
my last message regarding this ascent.

Terry


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Almost unbelievably, I'm online for tonights launch of Phoenix.  I couldn't
find the booster S/N.

Dang...it has no RocketCam.  It's a bit of a surprise that I can still see
the plume itself after the airlit jettison.  I could even see MECO from the
ground view replay, which is quite unusual (since it's about 600 miles away
from the lens.)

Delta II ascents are always one of my favorites, because the ascent
commentator is a real engineer and isn't afraid of explaining exactly how
this booster works.  It might sound rather arcane compared to the commentary
of ascents with separate PAOs.  I am also very familiar with the Delta II
and know exactly what he's talking about.  Some things you might not know if
you don't watch an ascent of the Delta II:

- The solid motors on the first stage have a thrust curve.  The commentator
lets us know this with phrases like "peak chamber pressure" and "solid
motors beginning to taper off".  Check out some at www.thrustcurve.com (no,
the GEM-40's is not there.)
- The LOX tank's "top pressure", the pressure at the top of the tank, is
deliberately increased by helium injection near the end of the first stage.
I anticipated this as a need for the Ascent Lilmax booster, but this is the
first time I've noticed it on a real one.  The reason for it is that most of
the net positive suction pressure (that pressure that keeps pumps from
cavitating) during ascent is provided by the weight of the liquid oxygen.
The weight of the liquid oxygen is not a result of Earth's gravity, but the
booster's accelleration.  This weight drops very rapidly as the booster
depletes, and if you're not careful, you can have your engines shut down
early.  The Delta IV Heavy (#310) had this embarassment on 21 December
2004.  They fixed it obviously.  (Also, the cavitation wasn't in the pumps
themselves, as they would have exploded.)
- The upper stage tanks are not supplied helium for their entire operation.
The helium runs out when the tanks are about 80% empty, and the stage
finishes its operation under blowdown pressure.
- The "CRD" translates into plain english as "bomb radio", or semi-plain
english as "Command Receiver/Decoder."  The only real time command available
is to blow the booster up if it decides to be insubordinate.  I haven't
heard of this happening since 1996; modern boosters are quite well behaved.

Right now, were in the coast, so ascent success is almost certain at this
point.  The third stage systems are quite simple, and I'll introduce them on
my next post.

Terry


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Metric GDD:

Degrees are above 10degC.  The following are converted GDD values:

        Ultra early: 610 GDD
        Extra early: 720 GDD
        Early: 835 GDD
        Standard season: 945 GDD

Sprouting Temperature: 21 to 32 degC
Hardening Temperature: 16 to 21 degC

Envelope Dimensions:

Determinant plants: 0.75m wide by 1m tall
Indeterminant plants: 0.45m wide by 6m tall
(they don't really _have_ to be that tall, my gramma used 5 foot climbing
fence (1.5m).  I don't remember how they were built, just how tall these
plants got (taller than I was at the time.)

Terry

On 8/1/07, jaber_1934 <jaber@...> wrote:
>
>                         Installment Number Three
>
>
>        It should have been noted in the second article that before
> planting
> your new plants out that they should be fertilized every 10 to 14 days
> with a mild fish fertilizer about one third strength. This should
> continue through the hardening off process.  For the hardening off
> process you should lower the temperature from these 70° to 90°
> spouting temperature to a hardening off temperature of 60° to 70°.
> This can help prevent 'leggy' tomatoes.
>
>        Now lets see what your requirements are. Do you have a lot of room
> or
> do you want an early harvest or a continual harvest over a longer
> time. Do you want (OP)  open pollinated or hybrid , plants that self
> pollinate (parthenocarpic) or that need insects to pollinate,
> determinate or indeterminate, and then there are those that will just
> let loose of the tomato when its ripe. And do want to save seeds from
> your favorites?
>
>        Alright, how much room do you have for your tomatoes?  If you have
> a
> lot of room, you might think of growing mostly determinant tomatoes as
> they spread horizontally instead of vertically.  If your room is
> rather restricted, you might want to use pots and grow them that way.
> Determinant tomatoes, usually spread 2 ˝ feet wide by two to 3 feet
> tall.  Indeterminate tomatoes are usually 18 inches wide by up to 20
> feet tall.  It is advisable to provide something for tomato plants to
> climb. If you're growing tomatoes in a greenhouse you can place a poll
> on both ends of a row of tomatoes, and place a metal bar across the
> top.  From this metal bar, you can dangle a fiber string that has a
> neutral pH that is strong enough to hold several pounds of tomatoes.
> You can train tomatoes to climb by gently starting the tomato up the
> desired path.  It should also be noted that you should allow a maximum
> of two main stems on a tomato plant.  Also it might be noted here that
> a convenient way to pollinate the blossoms is to gently strike the bar
> to get the plants to shake.  The gentle shaking of the flowers will
> pollinate most of them.  It might be noted here that determinant
> plants will usually ripen all of their fruit within a three week to a
> month period of time.  Indeterminate plants will continue to grow
> until they get nipped by frost.  They will continue to produce
> tomatoes, the entire time.  Okay, now you know the difference between
> determinant and indeterminate.  Just remember that with the
> indeterminate plants, when they get nipped by Frost, you can pull them
> from the ground and hang them upside down and some of your tomatoes
> will continue to ripen.
>
>        Now we need to determine what your growing season is and what your
> needs are in the way of types of tomatoes that you want to harvest.
>
>        Those tomatoes that ripen the earliest are called ultra early
> tomatoes.  All tomatoes ripen with the accumulation of heat units
> expressed as growing degree days (GDD).  These are figured by the
> following computation.  For tomatoes, the computation is based on 50°F
> per day average.  Why 50°F?  Tomatoes do not grow at a temperature
> less than 50° F.  To figure this you take the minimum degrees per day,
> and the maximum degrees per day add them together and divide by two
> and subtract 50 from that.  Now you continue to add these numbers that
> you have together until you come up with about 1100 heat units. Let us
> set up an example: Monday low temperature 48°, high temperature 60°,
> combine the two, you have 108°. Now divide by two and you have 54°,
> now subtract 50° from that which gives you 4°.  So for Monday, you
> have a total of 4° GDD.  Now on Tuesday, you have a low temperature of
> 60°, and a high temperature of 75°, add those together and you have
> 115° divided by two gives you 57°, -50°  and you have 7° to add to the
> 4° from Monday giving a total of 11°. All right, so now you know how
> to calculate the total AHU, (Accumulated Heat Units.) It might be of
> interest to note here that I will be referring to the accumulated heat
> units in some future posts.
>
>        The following is a list of the various classes of tomatoes.
>
>        Ultra early requires approximately 1100 units.
>        Extra early requires approximately 1300 units.
>        Early requires approximately 1500 units.
>        Standard season tomatoes, require 1700 or better units.
>
>        Cherry tomatoes are a unique and special tomato.  The plants come
> in
> most all sizes, many different flavors from sweet to tart, from juicy
> to meaty, fruity to tomatoey.  You're bound to find one that suits
> your taste.
>
>        Sauce and slicing tomatoes. Sauce varieties are very low in juice
> and
> hi in pulp.  These are sure to draw the favor of the cook in the
> house.  They have a lower percentage of water, therefore, it is easier
> to cook them down.  It might also be interesting to note that these
> same qualities make them ideal candidates for drying.  Some of these
> varieties are early maturing and productive, yet the yields may vary
> according to your individual micro-climate.  Slicing tomatoes are
> tomatoes in the class of the beefsteak, where one slice is enough to
> cover a hamburger.  There are several varieties of these on the market.
>
>        Italian sauce tomatoes.  These are characterized by their
> shape.  It
> is normally elongated and have a greater proportion of meaty flesh and
> lessor in juice amounts.
>
>        Heirloom tomatoes: Do you remember when your grandmother used to
> bring in tomatoes, fresh from the Garden?  They were always a treat to
> look forward to.  The flavor was so rich and the odor was something
> else.  Many seed companies offer some good heirloom types.  They are
> truly a joy when it comes to eating. If you save seeds, these can be
> passed on to your children.
>
>        You might wonder what is parthenocarpic?  If you translate that
> literally it means virgin fruit.  Flowers on these plants are self
> pollinating.  Those that self pollinate will not have seeds.  Later
> fruit that is pollinated by the insects will have seeds.
>
>        Let's get into the trimming of tomatoes.  You should never allow
> more
> than two main stem's.  Also, always remember that the plants need to
> breathe, therefore removing some of the foliage can be beneficial.  I
> read somewhere that trimming off all of the leaves except the top
> three would increase your crop, but I think that is a little harsh.
> You should always remember that fruit is created on every third leaf
> joint. (usually).
>
>        Now it is time to start our seed saving section.
>
> Seeds should be saved from ripe tomatoes only. Overly ripe tomatoes
> can spoil in the process of saving its seeds.  The seeds should be
> squeezed out into individual cups for each breed.  If you have several
> breeds that you want to save at the same time, it might be good idea
> to label a cups.  Make a mush out of the pulp around the seeds in the
> cups.  Now add water, and let it ferment overnight.  You may want to
> do this in a well ventilated area as it is quite odiferous.  Now skim
> the scum off the top of the cup and add freshwater.  You should do
> this until there is no scum forming.  The viable seeds will settle to
> the bottom of the cup with the seeds that are not viable floating.
> Those that float you may discard now. Place the remaining on
> newspapers or paper towels, and spread them one layer thick and allow
> them to sun dry.  When they are dry you may either cut the towels into
> little squares and store them in jars that are labeled or you may want
> to rub the seeds gently to get them free of the towel or newspaper.
> They should be stored in airtight containers, with tight seals at a
> temperature of 15 to 20°C or 60 to 68°F. You might want to include
> packets of silicate gel (these can be gotten from pharmacies) to help
> absorb any moisture that may be left in the jars.  Your seeds should
> keep from four to six years.
>
>              That should do it for this issue on tomatoes.
>
> Jaber
>
>
>
> WHAT ARE YOU DOING TO GET TO MARS IN THIS LIFE TIME.
> The nine life support systems (as defined by NASA) are:
> Air Supply - Food production and delivery - Waste management, - Water
> supply - Temperature control - Electricity - Transportation -Communications
> - Recreation
> I include: Radiation Protection. - Information
> storage/retrieval/processing - Ability to construct necessary additions
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Installment Number Three


	 It should have been noted in the second article that before planting
your new plants out that they should be fertilized every 10 to 14 days
with a mild fish fertilizer about one third strength. This should
continue through the hardening off process.  For the hardening off
process you should lower the temperature from these 70° to 90°
spouting temperature to a hardening off temperature of 60° to 70°.
This can help prevent 'leggy' tomatoes.

	 Now lets see what your requirements are. Do you have a lot of room or
do you want an early harvest or a continual harvest over a longer
time. Do you want (OP)  open pollinated or hybrid , plants that self
pollinate (parthenocarpic) or that need insects to pollinate,
determinate or indeterminate, and then there are those that will just
let loose of the tomato when its ripe. And do want to save seeds from
your favorites?

	 Alright, how much room do you have for your tomatoes?  If you have a
lot of room, you might think of growing mostly determinant tomatoes as
they spread horizontally instead of vertically.  If your room is
rather restricted, you might want to use pots and grow them that way.
  Determinant tomatoes, usually spread 2 ˝ feet wide by two to 3 feet
tall.  Indeterminate tomatoes are usually 18 inches wide by up to 20
feet tall.  It is advisable to provide something for tomato plants to
climb. If you're growing tomatoes in a greenhouse you can place a poll
on both ends of a row of tomatoes, and place a metal bar across the
top.  From this metal bar, you can dangle a fiber string that has a
neutral pH that is strong enough to hold several pounds of tomatoes.
You can train tomatoes to climb by gently starting the tomato up the
desired path.  It should also be noted that you should allow a maximum
of two main stems on a tomato plant.  Also it might be noted here that
a convenient way to pollinate the blossoms is to gently strike the bar
to get the plants to shake.  The gentle shaking of the flowers will
pollinate most of them.  It might be noted here that determinant
plants will usually ripen all of their fruit within a three week to a
month period of time.  Indeterminate plants will continue to grow
until they get nipped by frost.  They will continue to produce
tomatoes, the entire time.  Okay, now you know the difference between
determinant and indeterminate.  Just remember that with the
indeterminate plants, when they get nipped by Frost, you can pull them
from the ground and hang them upside down and some of your tomatoes
will continue to ripen.

	 Now we need to determine what your growing season is and what your
needs are in the way of types of tomatoes that you want to harvest.

	 Those tomatoes that ripen the earliest are called ultra early
tomatoes.  All tomatoes ripen with the accumulation of heat units
expressed as growing degree days (GDD).  These are figured by the
following computation.  For tomatoes, the computation is based on 50°F
per day average.  Why 50°F?  Tomatoes do not grow at a temperature
less than 50° F.  To figure this you take the minimum degrees per day,
and the maximum degrees per day add them together and divide by two
and subtract 50 from that.  Now you continue to add these numbers that
you have together until you come up with about 1100 heat units. Let us
set up an example: Monday low temperature 48°, high temperature 60°,
combine the two, you have 108°. Now divide by two and you have 54°,
now subtract 50° from that which gives you 4°.  So for Monday, you
have a total of 4° GDD.  Now on Tuesday, you have a low temperature of
60°, and a high temperature of 75°, add those together and you have
115° divided by two gives you 57°, -50°  and you have 7° to add to the
4° from Monday giving a total of 11°. All right, so now you know how
to calculate the total AHU, (Accumulated Heat Units.) It might be of
interest to note here that I will be referring to the accumulated heat
units in some future posts.

	 The following is a list of the various classes of tomatoes.

	 Ultra early requires approximately 1100 units.
	 Extra early requires approximately 1300 units.
	 Early requires approximately 1500 units.
	 Standard season tomatoes, require 1700 or better units.

	 Cherry tomatoes are a unique and special tomato.  The plants come in
most all sizes, many different flavors from sweet to tart, from juicy
to meaty, fruity to tomatoey.  You're bound to find one that suits
your taste.

	 Sauce and slicing tomatoes. Sauce varieties are very low in juice and
hi in pulp.  These are sure to draw the favor of the cook in the
house.  They have a lower percentage of water, therefore, it is easier
to cook them down.  It might also be interesting to note that these
same qualities make them ideal candidates for drying.  Some of these
varieties are early maturing and productive, yet the yields may vary
according to your individual micro-climate.  Slicing tomatoes are
tomatoes in the class of the beefsteak, where one slice is enough to
cover a hamburger.  There are several varieties of these on the market.

	 Italian sauce tomatoes.  These are characterized by their shape.  It
is normally elongated and have a greater proportion of meaty flesh and
lessor in juice amounts.

	 Heirloom tomatoes: Do you remember when your grandmother used to
bring in tomatoes, fresh from the Garden?  They were always a treat to
look forward to.  The flavor was so rich and the odor was something
else.  Many seed companies offer some good heirloom types.  They are
truly a joy when it comes to eating. If you save seeds, these can be
passed on to your children.

	 You might wonder what is parthenocarpic?  If you translate that
literally it means virgin fruit.  Flowers on these plants are self
pollinating.  Those that self pollinate will not have seeds.  Later
fruit that is pollinated by the insects will have seeds.

	 Let's get into the trimming of tomatoes.  You should never allow more
than two main stem's.  Also, always remember that the plants need to
breathe, therefore removing some of the foliage can be beneficial.  I
read somewhere that trimming off all of the leaves except the top
three would increase your crop, but I think that is a little harsh.
You should always remember that fruit is created on every third leaf
joint. (usually).

	 Now it is time to start our seed saving section.

Seeds should be saved from ripe tomatoes only. Overly ripe tomatoes
can spoil in the process of saving its seeds.  The seeds should be
squeezed out into individual cups for each breed.  If you have several
breeds that you want to save at the same time, it might be good idea
to label a cups.  Make a mush out of the pulp around the seeds in the
cups.  Now add water, and let it ferment overnight.  You may want to
do this in a well ventilated area as it is quite odiferous.  Now skim
the scum off the top of the cup and add freshwater.  You should do
this until there is no scum forming.  The viable seeds will settle to
the bottom of the cup with the seeds that are not viable floating.
Those that float you may discard now. Place the remaining on
newspapers or paper towels, and spread them one layer thick and allow
them to sun dry.  When they are dry you may either cut the towels into
little squares and store them in jars that are labeled or you may want
to rub the seeds gently to get them free of the towel or newspaper.
They should be stored in airtight containers, with tight seals at a
temperature of 15 to 20°C or 60 to 68°F. You might want to include
packets of silicate gel (these can be gotten from pharmacies) to help
absorb any moisture that may be left in the jars.  Your seeds should
keep from four to six years.

               That should do it for this issue on tomatoes.

Jaber

#704 Lettuce <> Tomato Error

:)

On 7/26/07, Michael Bindner <bindner_space@...> wrote:
>
> The question is whether to grow wheat for bread, pigs for bacon, chickens
> for mayo - lettuce is a given.
>
> Terry Wilson <aftercolumbia@...> wrote:          On 7/22/07,
> jaber_1934 <jaber@...> wrote:
> >
> > Starting Tomato Seeds
>
> Hmm...tomatoes...our areonauts will love you for it.
>
> If we are ready to start our seeds, you should already have prepared
> > your soil. The pH should be from 6 to 6.5, and you should have worked
> > in your compost by now, and added all of the necessary vitamins and
> > minerals that the plant your going to seed will be needing.
>
> It should be (I hope) possible to prepare the soil on the ground into
> things
> like "Package A" and "Package B" (similar to the way my friend who does
> smoothies...most ingredients need to be frozen, some "merely
> refrigerated",
> so he has something that comes out of the cooler (a single ingredient
> usually, like milk or orange juice...never both, I can tell you why) and a
> main package that comes out of the freezer...he'll make a few dozen of
> those
> the Friday before a weekend. Finally, there's ice, the ubiquitous smoothie
> bar item.)
>
> To start with it's really important to have some good adjustable
> > fluorescent lights that you can move up and down over your seedbed. If
> > your fluorescent lights have a total wattage of 120 W you should have
> > a minimum of 40 W of incandescent bulbs to go with that.
>
> How big an area? I'm hoping that for a Mars greenhouse requiring
> Earth-level solar constant, it should be possible to get a big linear
> Fresnel magnifier to concentrate a square metre of light onto a six square
> foot area (approximating Earth-level sunlight). Hopefully, there's enough
> UV for effective rigidizing of thermoplastic inflatables (i.e. blow it up,
> let it sit in the sun, and it'll keep its shape after you let the air out)
> so that they'll rigidize within a reasonable period of time. This would
> allow the crew to enter such an inflatable greenhouse and set up the
> seedbeds. If the flexible panels between each concentrator (they would be
> short) were designed to absorb heat during the day and hold it at night
> (tough without making some sort of adjustment at dawn and dusk), it should
> be able to get pretty toasty in there...as long as we don't have the sort
> of
> storm we got right now.
>
> The reason
> > for that is that your fluorescent lights are short on light in the red
> > spectrum. Now it is true that you can buy fluorescent lights that will
> > cover that entire spectrum including those red and far red. I think
> > you'll find those much more expensive though. It may be necessary to
> > move your lights either up or down in order to adjust the temperature
> > of the air or over the seeds. If you add a small fan, it can be very
> > beneficial in that it continues to circulate fresh air over your seeds.
>
> "Small Fan" = standard life support item, no biggie. For temperature, say,
> if we have one greenhouse with plants that like a bunch of different
> temperatures, it should be possible to hang some nichrome wires for the
> stuff that wants to be warmer (especially at night.) For space, this isn't
> as elegant, even as incandescent bulbs, but with concentrated sunlight,
> we'll probably have the right amount of red light already.
>
> For tomato seeds, I like to Pre-sprout them. I soak them in water
> > for from eight to 10 hours and then drain off the water. I then place
> > them on damp paper towels, though not too wet. I then placed them in
> > an unsealed plastic bag and put in a warm spot, preferably 70° F is
> > optimum. They will sprout in a few days to a week saving much time
> > for growing. Be sure and check the bags daily!
>
> Ever use those disgusting little peat pellets? I have, and they worked
> fine
> for sprouting the seeds, but they never took root in the garden for some
> reason (frost...I live in Calgary, where snow in May is common, and snow
> in
> June is not unprecedented...It might not be possible to reliably grow
> tomatoes in this city without a greenhouse.
>
> You must handle the little sproutlings very carefully when you put
> > them in pots. I either use tweezers or forceps when handling them. If
> > you use a method other than pre-sprouting you need to use a sterile
> > planting mix that has no fertilizer in it as fertilizer sometimes
> > hinders the sprouting process. You can buy a quality ProMix for
> > commercial planting in containers that has lots of peat moss, perlite,
> > and vermiculite and it will do a better job.
>
> I haven't heard that specific name, but I know Revy (Rona, now, but at the
> time I last tried growing tomatoes...) has several specially designed
> potting mixes. They also have the individual ingredients, so you can make
> your own mix. I remember the white stuff, rusty colored stuff and the
> smelly stuff (being vermiculite, perlite, and moss...or did they call it
> "organic sumthin-oruther"?) In retrospect, I should have greenhoused them,
> then used a lot more of that stuff.
>
> As soon as they sprout,
> > you can add about one third strength of fish or kelp/fish emulsion.
>
> I missed that completely. Is there a specific one for plants? I know they
> have fish foods made of those ingredients.
>
> You should never ever use your own garden soil or reuse any of your
> > soil from the previous season as this may have plant diseases, fungi
> > or insect problems.
>
> Now he tells me... That leads me to the question, how do we recycle/reuse
> soil from one season to the next on Mars? It isn't too likely that we'll
> be
> able to bring that much from Earth, and even if we can, the sydonic period
> and growing season aren't exactly the same. Will mixes last if they arrive
> 16 months before we can use them? (I'm exagerating...let's start colonies
> in both hemispheres at the same time :)
>
> One other thing that is important is never water
> > seedlings from the top or mist them from the top, always from the
> > bottom.
>
> Good...it is easier to do it that way in microgravity and low gravity
> environments.
>
> Terry
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Michael Bindner
>
> International Space Consortium
> www.geocities.com/bindner_space/index.html
>
> Yahoo Group
> http://groups.yahoo.com/internationalspace/
>
> Personal Web Directory
> www.geocities.com/mikeybdc/index.html
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
> WHAT ARE YOU DOING TO GET TO MARS IN THIS LIFE TIME.
> The nine life support systems (as defined by NASA) are:
> Air Supply - Food production and delivery - Waste management, - Water
> supply - Temperature control - Electricity - Transportation -Communications
> - Recreation
> I include: Radiation Protection. - Information
> storage/retrieval/processing - Ability to construct necessary additions
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]