Hi, I found out that the Foundation for the Study of
Cycles is about to
release thier new Cycles Magazine and are offering a
complimentary 30 day
membership, with this membership you have the option
of downloading the FREE trial
download of thier Techsignal software. I thought I’d
share this with the group
because the Foundation has been doing cycles analysis
since 1941 and they
told me that it can be done on anything. Just go to
http://foundationmember.org and become a member!
they said that they will have this offer is
available until Friday midnight October 26th 2007
Enjoy Anthony
__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
http://mail.yahoo.com
Yes, I do also think that it should be moved to GoogleGroups since it is better to share opinions than none atleast!
Thanks & Regards, Amit Bhandari
----- Original Message ---- From: navs_cse <navs_cse@...> To: TheRevolutions@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, 12 September, 2007 10:13:10
AM Subject: [TheRevolutions] Should we move to Google Groups? - Team Rev
Hi Guys,
We are noticing that this group has become dormant. One reason could
be people might not be able to access Yahoo Groups from offices
(Because of Internet Policy). So, we are thinking about moving to
GoogleGroups (a more effective way of communication) so that we can
help and learn in a more effective way.
Hi Guys,
We are noticing that this group has become dormant. One reason could
be people might not be able to access Yahoo Groups from offices
(Because of Internet Policy). So, we are thinking about moving to
GoogleGroups (a more effective way of communication) so that we can
help and learn in a more effective way.
You can also post your questions/queries in Orkut community.
[URL: http://www.orkut.com/Community.aspx?cmm=13552733 ]
Please share your problems with other people and learn.
Please let us know your opinion.
Regards,
Team Rev
About their new members to Cycles Magazine. They told me that they
would like more members so they are extending their complimentary
membership. Just go to http://techsignal.com/register.htm and you'll
be eligible to get a complimentary membership to Cycles Magazine!
Thanks
Anthony
Hi, I got an extended approval for the members of this yahoo group to
receive a complimentary membership to cycles magazine. Just go to
http://techsignal.com/register.htm
Thanks
Anthony
Hello everyone,
I am an engineering student studying in Chennai,India.I am
studying electronics and communication engineering.Me and my friend,
who is studying mechanical engineering,have planned to do a project.I
think we can do a simple robot project that are related to both
electronics and mechanical engineering.Also this is the first time we
are doing a project.So please give some idea and some links where i
can find some useful projects and the related components.I would be
very grateful to you.
Thanking you,
yours friendly,
sujeeth.
No, there is a indirect method of creating the folders by the name
con, aux,.... These folders can be created by using the following
command
md \\.\c:\con
this folder will be created as the c:\con
for changing to this folder you will have to write cd \\.\c:\con
Enjoy.
--- In TheRevolutions@yahoogroups.com, "Náv" <universehacker@...>
wrote:
>
> You can not create these folders 'coz following are resereved for
specific work:
>
> AUX: Auxillary (Generally used as an extra input for a device such
as an add-on CD player/changer, MP3 player, or other audio (line
level) input.)
>
> COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4: Keywords reserved for serial ports.
>
> LPT1, LPT2, LPT3: Parllel Ports
>
> PRN: printer and
>
> NUL: is reserved for nul device
>
>
>
> Regards
> Náv
> -----------------------------
>
>
> harinder1301 <harinder1301@...> wrote:
> Hi friends!!!
>
> An Indian discovered that nobody can create a folder
> anywhere named as "con" .
> This is something pretty cool...and unbelievable... At
> Microsoft the whole Team, including Bill Gates,
> couldn't answer why this happened!
>
> Try it out yourself..
>
>
>
> As AUX, CON, NUL, and PRN are reserved names in Microsoft Windows,
> Microsoft does not recommend that you use these names as site
codes
> when you install Microsoft Systems Management Server.
>
>
> So Nothing like dat,
> For more Information click following link
> http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;279868
>
>
>
> Thanks and Regards,
>
> Harinder Kaur
> Software Developer
> VIENNA Solutions.
> SCO-2,Industrial Area
> Phase - IX, Mohali
> www.viennasolutions.com
>
>
>
>
>
>
> SPONSORED LINKS
> Computer science technology Computer science Research and
development
>
> ---------------------------------
> YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS
>
>
> Visit your group "TheRevolutions" on the web.
>
> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> TheRevolutions-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of
Service.
>
>
> ---------------------------------
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Yahoo! Music Unlimited - Access over 1 million songs. Try it free.
>
Its been a long time since we posted any information on group's mailing list. Some of us might be busy and some of us might have got some other priority work. Anyways, I have some news for you.
We are going to complete out first anniversary soon i.e. on May 29, 2006. So, we are planning to start a community on Orkut. The place has already been reserved and the URL is: http://www.orkut.com/Community.aspx?cmm=13552733
(or you can also search for "The Revolutions" in the community search)
You all are requested to be a part of it in order to make our own little effort a success.
What we have covered so far?
Let us take a look about what topics we have covered so far. Here's the list:
1.
[Robotics] The Humanoid Project 2. [Speech Technology] New Operations in Speech 3. [Text to Speech] Introduction to Harmonic plus Noise Model 4. Digital Imaging Tutorial 5. Image Processing: How can I use JPEG Image in my project 6. Filtering of Image Sequences: on-line Edge Detection and Motion Recognition 7. Earth quake--how and where they occur 8. Milestones in Speech Technology - Past and Future 9. Face Recognition using Eigenface Approach 10. XALAN 11. Speech Recognition: The Technology behind Speech Recognition 12. Image Processing: JPEG Vs BMP
We are looking forward to make it more useful for RnD activities. Suggestions are welcomed.
If the word 'RnD' fascinates you then this group is for you. Let us work together to do something useful.
Please forward this mail to the people who
are interested in the field of Computer Science.
International Conference on Emerging Mechanical Technology-Macroto Nano [EMTM2N-2007], Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani(Rajasthan), India.
16-18 February 2007
http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/emtm2n/
The Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Indiais pleased to announce the International Conference on
Emerging Mechanical Technology-Macro to Nano [EMTM2N-2007]
to be heldat BITS Pilani during 16-18 February 2007.
EMTM2N-2007 is intended to provide
a common platform for knowledgedissemination for researchers, academicians, practitioners and industriesacross the globe working in Nanotechnology, MEMS and Robotics areas. Theconference will include keynote addresses by eminent people in the field,technical paper and poster presentations and a workshop. All papers will bepeer reviewed based on a full-length manuscript and will be scored on quality,originality, organization, and relevance.
Manuscripts having focus ontheory, analytical modeling, simulation, application and/or experimentalstudies of the following topics of interest, but not limited to, in emergingtechnology in nanotechnology, MEMS and robotics are invited:
- CAD,design and dynamics
- fluidics, tribology and mechanics
- mechanisms and manipulators; microbots,nanorobots; micromanipulation
-
optimization and computational techniques, FEM, BEM etc.
Authors are invited to submitthe manuscript of their technical paper for oral or poster presentation. Fullmanuscript not exceeding 8 single-spaced, two-column, A4 pages in .pdf format must be uploaded by 16 August 2006.
Detailed instructions forAuthors and the templates are available on the
conference website http://wwwbits-pilani.ac.in/emtm2n/. The submissionis electronic and only through upload link available at EMTM2N-2007 Website:
In submitting a paper theauthor(s) agree that, upon acceptance, they will prepare the final manuscriptsin time for
inclusion in the published proceedings and will present the paperat the conference. The final manuscripts will not be published in theproceedings without registration and presentation.
MEMS Workshop
A MEMS design workshop is oganised using CAD tools from CoventorInc. The workshop will constitute a session by Dr. Mark da’Silva,Technical Director, Coventor Inc.
USA onIntroduction to MEMS Design, and demonstrations of design for MEMS. This will befollowed by hands-on practical examples of design of MEMS devices like Microaccelerometer, RF Switch etc. using CoventorWare software tools.
More details are available onconference website:http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/emtm2n/.
The objective of this project is to produce a full-size, bipedal humanoid robot. The humanoid will have human dimensions and weight. At present the plan is to build the robot around a plastic human skeleton. The robot will be controlled by a hierarchy of evolutionary systems. A 60 cm tall prototype named ELVIS has been built. The objective of ELVIS is to try various hypotheses regarding hardware and control software. We are motivated by a strong belief in the future importance of humanoid robotics for industry, research and society in general.
Project goals:
To create a mechanical humanoid that: - is autonomous - can walk - has vision assisted orientation - can communicate verbally - shows more advanced behaviours, such as walking to an electric outlet to recharge its batteries
We strive towards creating an individual who is able to adapt to and take advantage of its environment to reach its own purposes. Our short term goal is to get the robot to balance on two legs, and then make it walk.
Purpose:
To see what is possible to do today
Research areas:
- AI - Robotics - Computer vision - Audio computer communication - Human interfaces for robots
Miami Children's Hospital, a world leader in pediatric health care, has a medical staff of more than 650 physicians and over 2,000 employees. The hospital specializes in all aspects of pediatric medical care from birth through adolescence. Although the hospital draws children with very specific needs from all over the world, it is also the only licensed specialty hospital exclusively for children in South Florida.
Originally opened in 1950 as Variety Children's Hospital, its name was changed to Miami Children's Hospital in 1986. MCH now treats more than 185,000 patients each year. It is a non-profit, freestanding hospital. Today, MCH is in the midst of a renovation project that will enlarge the hospital by 78,000 square feet, making it one of the most attractive health care facilities in South Florida.
With all that is going on at the hospital, MCH is also in the process of incorporating
speech recognition technologies into their existing i-Rounds clinical documentation application from Teges Corporation. Teges Corporation visited IBM in November of 2004 and saw a demonstration of the X+V programming language. The demonstration used IBM's WebSphere speech technology to speech-enable Web pages. Teges realized that IBM's speech technology could be used in their i-Rounds application. In January of 2005, Teges teamed with IBM to create a speech-enabled prototype of the i-Rounds application. The entire i-Rounds application was speech-enabled for navigation and other functional components, such as an Operating Room (OR) timer and a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) voice recording application, within 30 days. The resulting application can be used with traditional keyboard, mouse and display as well as with speech input and output.
It was MCH's need for hands-free and eyes-free access to computing that would
help clinicians access or record critical information without having direct contact with equipment that led to their implementation of the multimodal i-Rounds. There are many areas within the hospital where clinicians do not have access to computers or hardware because the environment is sterile or the clinicians' hands are busy with surgery or other tasks. These are the areas that MCH wanted to focus on with speech technologies. Their goals with this project included hands-free access to all critical patient information from anywhere with any device, increased efficiency and speed with which clinicians access and create patient information (including voice recordings) within the hospital, an interactive environment for users to communicate with the computer, text-to-speech (TTS) capability of the voice application to warn users of dangerous trends/events and TTS capability to remind users not to forget key elements of the medical
treatment.
The speech application's ability to meet these goals would depend heavily on its ability to adapt to dynamic and noisy environments. MCH found ways to minimize ambient noise and increase recognition accuracy by finding, positioning and outfitting MCH staff and rooms with the appropriate microphone technology. The application had to be easy to use so clinical staff would quickly adopt the new technology. In the end, IBM's WebSphere Everyplace Multimodal Environment allowed the Hospital to design new features as well as enhance the existing i-Rounds application to become multimodal. The underlying technology for doing this was a Web-based programming language called XHTML+Voice (X+V). Based on Web standards, X+V sped the addition of speech to i-Rounds and it used application development skills to which Teges developers were accustomed. Also, since the speech technology is user independent, the medical staff was not
required to do any speaker training to use the application.
The speech-enabled application underwent a litany of tests both for endurance and accuracy before it was used in a production environment. This included IBM's testing procedures such as usability, automation, lifecycle testing, and audio analysis. The browser with which the voice application is delivered has a series of debugging tools, such as logging, tracing and audio capturing, that the IBM team used to reproduce the exact environment and interaction the user had with the computer. The OR, though an uncommon environment, shares many similar characteristics of other environments that IBM has speech-enabled, such as automobiles. For example, heart monitors provide constant noise to the "always listening" speech system. This situation is similar to constant noises in a car. Adjusting variables in the multimodal system such as microphone type, placement and
speech engine settings enabled the system to be tuned to the operating room environment. The debugging functionality available in the system proved critical to the success of the project.
The speech features of i-Rounds have been enabled in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) and in the OR for use during pediatric cardiac surgery. They provide a hands-free mechanism for physicians to enter information, retrieve information and record their voice directly into the patient's medical record making the doctor's assessment/diagnosis available immediately without waiting for transcription services. In the OR, the computer speaks to the surgeon through four speakers that are embedded in the ceiling. The surgeon interacts with the computer using a cardioid wireless microphone, which activates the speech system when the surgeon utters the keyword, "Computer." In the CICU, clinicians access the system by using a wireless
tablet PC. They use the tablet's built-in microphone and activate the speech system using a push-to-talk mechanism (depressing a button on the tablet).
When MCH started testing the speech recognition in different areas of the facility, they encountered three major hurdles. First, ambient noises, such as beeping oxygen saturation monitors, drills, and saws in the OR and bedside monitors, alarms, families, patients and staff making noise in the CICU, created a challenge for the speech recognition system. MCH researched microphones, both wireless and hard wired, to improve recognition. Once they determined the position and type of microphones to use, they were able to eliminate much of the ambient noise and significantly increase the speech recognition capability.
Second, MCH had to overcome resistance in some environments to pushing a button to indicate to the computer that they were going to talk. The users wanted to
talk to the computer spontaneously and have it respond to their commands. In order to fulfill this request, IBM made changes in the WebSphere Everyplace Multimodal Environment that extended existing features built into speech technology giving the system the ability to first listen for a keyword (e.g "Computer") and then listen until the user stopped speaking. Certain design changes were made to the i-Rounds application that resulted in users having more flexibility with the system; for instance, during surgery, the surgeon tells the system when they pass key phases of the operation such as going "on bypass" or "cross clamp off." The surgeon needs to discuss passing these phases with the team and saying the phrase "on bypass" could accidentally trigger the computer to process that event. With the keyword activation feature, the surgeon says "Computer, on-bypass," which solved the problem in a way that was natural and intuitive
for the clinicians.
The third and final significant challenge was developing a common dialogue or nomenclature for navigating and delivering speech commands within the application. Early users were, literally, getting lost in the system. More specifically, some users of the speech application never look at a computer monitor when using the system and are only talking to the voice-activated room. To handle this, navigating to all the major sections of the application were made common by always saying "Go to . . . ." Then on each page, a pop-up window shows the speech commands that are active for that particular part of the application. Having a consistent way to navigate around the i-Rounds application and then having the application show which commands were valid at the time relieved users of the burden of remembering commands. This made the system easy as well as efficient for users who knew the commands.
Once
all the challenges were overcome and the tuning of the application was complete, the system was implemented in the OR and CICU. In the OR, the technology serves as a safety net. It provides hands-free verification of the patient, diagnosis and planned procedure. It also provides timed reminders for the delivery of medication and other procedures that must be administered at specific intervals. The safety net of the speech application reduces the occurrence of human error by offering an alternative reference for the administering clinician to use before performing any life-threatening tasks on the patient. This may eventually work to improve the hospital's mortality rate, which is already among the best in the world at 98 percent.
Also, in the CCU, it works as a new way to record transcription by recording the user's voice directly into the Web browser which then becomes part of the patient's electronic medical
record. Others can use the browser to access the information from anywhere and at any time. By capturing the doctor's audio transcription into the patient's database record, this information becomes immediately available to other doctors and medical staff. Speech-to-text occurs subsequently offline and the results are updated in the patient's database record. Health care practitioners then have real-time access to the doctor's notes, which previously was not the case. Also, by having the transcribed text in the same electronic document, the data can be mined in the future. This system is an improvement over handheld recorders because the data is in the record under application control/protection and not the doctor's pocket or courier bag traveling to a transcription service.
MCH has only just started to use the multimodal i-Rounds solution and has put it to use in two departments. At this time,
it's difficult to predict exactly what impact the system will have on further reducing mortality rates or preventable medical errors throughout the hospital. Research is available suggesting the relationship between improved outcomes and increased availability of patient information. The multimodal i-Rounds application provides speech input and output as yet another vehicle for medical staff to access patient information faster and more efficiently than ever before.
Another potential benefit is that speech-enabled systems use built-in libraries of words and phrases. This has the positive side effect of enforcing common spelling and phraseology with the staff. It improves data accuracy and avoids handwriting and typing errors. Another potential, but as yet unproven benefit, is more efficient collection of patient data from caregivers because entry is quick, easy and can be done on the spot.
Making a huge
paradigm shift, MCH's users had to adapt from both a clinical documentation and computer interaction stand point. Therefore, MCH has received mixed reactions from these users. One of the main concerns expressed by physicians is that they don't have the time to learn new technology at the expense of losing time with their patients. Since IBM's speech engine is user independent, it does not require voice training, which solves one of MCH's major obstacles for implementing speech technology.
In an effort to continue to tear down barriers to implementing speech recognition hospital-wide, MCH is updating its IT Vision and Strategy and aligning it with the clinical focus. Once complete, the multimodal capability will be an option that can be rolled out to physicians wishing to use it for their documentation needs, and potentially to other caregivers including nurses, technicians, etc. Also, because the multimodal i-Rounds
application is a fully working traditional application for keyboard, display and mouse, users can experiment with using speech at their own pace. That is, they can keep using the system the way they're used to doing it and use speech when they want to.
MCH will continue with its testing to determine if this technology will be widely accepted by the clinical staff. Physicians are often conservative and MCH anticipates some resistance, only because it is new technology and a new process compared to the way care is historically delivered. Once practicing physicians see the benefits gained through the system's efficiency and accuracy, MCH predicts that their resistance will be replaced with excitement and adoption of the speech system.
We would like to request you all to contribute as much as you can (But that must be according to group norms). Let us help each other. Please also invite your friends to join this group in order to make it better place to share information.
an earth quake is a shaking of the ground. it occurs when masses of rocks changes position below the earth surfaces. the shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerfull enough to wresk buildings, roads and bridges. they may even alter the surface of the earth,thrusting up cliffs and opening fissures in the ground.
earthquakes go on almost continuosly and it can be detected by only sensitive intrument called seismographs.earthquake produce such tragic and dramatic effects as destroyed cities, broken dams, earth slides, giant sea waves and volcanic erruptions.
HOW EARTHQUAKE TAKE PLACE
earth quakes may be caused by volacnic eruptions or by man made blasts of dynamite or atomic energy. a more frequent and powerfull type of earth quake is the 'tectomic temblor' pressure from within the earth put strain upon great rock masses beneath the earth's
surface. the strain builds upuntil suddenly the masses are displayed along some line of weakness known as fault. the masses slip and slide in opposite directions along thsi fracture in the rock,shaking and ground above. the masses may move up and down, sideways or both verticaly or horizontally.
on the earth's surface, displacement fo the ground may vary from a few inches to many feet somtimes a fault line appears on the surface of the earth, showing the location of the fault beneath.
the shock (seismic) waves caused by the shifting rock move out in all directions, in a great eatth quake shocks may be felt by people a thousand miles away from the centre. seismographs on the other side of the world pick up the waves,this is because the shock waves of a largeearth quake move through the entire structure of he earth and also travel all over its surface.
there are two classes of seismic waves, interior and surface which
travelthrough the earth, in turn are of two type. the primary wave, or p wave,is the faster of the two and reaches the earth's surface first. it alternatively compresses and expands the rock through which it passes. the secondary wave or S wave is a ' shake' wave. it it moves partical from side to side, at right angles top its direction of travel. by comparing the arrival times of p waves and s waves qar seismological observing stations scientists can determine the centre of earth quake thousand of miles away.
the most powerfull shock waves, however travel on the earth's surface. surface waves of which there are atleast two types travel more slowly then interior waves.
measuring earth quakes
A seismograph records the pattern of shock waves on a revolving drum paper, thin wavy lines show the strength of the various waves and the times at which occured. the tracing is called a seismogram. the study of earth
quakes is seismology.
JHON MILNE, an english scietist was an early inventor of seismograph. basically, the instrument is a heavy pendulum with a stylus, or needle suspended above in front of a revolving drum. during an earthquake the pendulum and needle remain stable while the drum on the base moves, recording the waves patterns,. in some seismographs a ray of light traces the pattern of photographic pape.
the strength of an earth quake can also be determined by the amount of damage done or by instrument readingsthe modified meracali intensity scale is commonly use to indicate the amount if destruction caused by an earthquake. it defines 12 levels of earthquake strength. the richter magnitude scale grades earthquake on a 1 to 10 scale. it is based upon the amount of energy released by the rock movements rather than upon surface damage.
where earth quakes occur
most earthquakes take place in one of two great
'earth quake belts' that gridle the world. the belts coincide with the more recently formed mountain ranges and with the volcanic belts. one circles the pacific ocean along the mountainous west coasts of north and south america and truns through the island areas of asia. more earthquakes occur in the pacific belt than in the pacific belt than in the second belt.
the rock movements that causes earthquakes occur at varying depths beneath the surface. the point at which rock movement is known as the focus of an earthquake. most earthquake are shallow, with focusses no more than 37 miles below the surface. intermediate earthquakes have focusses between 37 and 93 miles below the surface. a deep earthquake has a focus between 93 and 435 miles down. none has an ever been recorded below 477 miles.
earthquake destructions
the point of greatest destructions is an earth quake is the epicenter. this is the point on the
surface directly above the ground focus.
factors other than the earthquake intensity influence the amount of destructions caused,. soft ground for example magnifies the shocks. an area underlaid rock will not severally shaken.
the structure of buildings is also important. building with steel frames eveloped by reinforced concrete withstand earthwuakes very well.solid foundations are also needed for buildings in earth quake zones. balconies, parapets and similar ornamentation should be avoided since these may break off during earth quake, creating another hazard.
some of the side efffects of earthquakes cause the most damage. fires break out and rage unchecked over wide areas, since water mains are often broken. seismic sea waves are another danger. these are known by the japanese name of tsunamis, though they are are often called inpatly called tidal waves. they are not caused by the tides but are probably of vertical
fault movements or landslides under the sea. in the deep ocean the waves travel at speeds of over 600 miles an hour but remain low in height. as the tsunamis approach shores they build up into powerfull walls of water 90 feet or more in height .
while seismograph can record the shocks that sometimes preecede an earthquake, scientist havent yet learned how topredict when a earthquake wil occur. certain signs however do give advance warning of destructive tsunamis.
Speech and language, and the mysteries and magic surrounding them, have a long and venerable history, reaching back into mythological time. Only in this past half century have serious inroads been made into understanding them well enough to be able to emulate them with computer technology. Many top-notch researchers and engineers worldwide have contributed critical pieces to these puzzles. The examples discussed here illustrate just a few of the key milestones, both technical and commercial. Successful research breakthroughs eventually give rise to new products and applications, sometimes quickly, though often, not so soon as desired. Major contributors to progress have been increasing the understanding of the speech and language processes themselves, in concert with ever increasing and less expensive computer power.
Speech synthesis technology harkens back to Van Kempelen's 1791 "talking machines," which could generate intelligible speech at the hands of well-trained technicians skillfully manipulating a set of bellows to force air through various tubes and apertures which mimicked the shapes and cavities of the vocal tract. In the mid-1870s, Alexander Graham Bell tried to create speech recognition to provide an instrument for the deaf that would turn speech into text. Failing that, he focused his energy on creating what, in 1876, became the telephone!
Over the past half century, speech synthesis techniques have centered around (1) extracting key characteristics, using formants, pitch, etc. and/or other parameterizations, such as LPC (Linear Predictive Coding), and then using these to generate intelligible playback (e.g. formant synthesizers, LPC synthesizers, etc), or (2) modeling the sounds themselves, and combinations of them, and then seamlessly joining them together (e.g. concatenative synthesis). The first set of techniques, though trickier to implement well, has the virtue of requiring low bit rates and much less computation; the second set of techniques, though much more memory-intensive, typically generates more natural sounding speech output. Major commercial laboratories (e.g. - Bell Labs, NTT, etc.) as well as academic and government laboratories (e.g. Univ. Amsterdam, JSRU, KTH, MIT, Univ. Tokyo) spearheaded both basic speech production research and
synthesis methodologies. Numerous smaller laboratories also have contributed key synthesis techniques and applications.
In 1936, U.K. Tel introduced a "speaking clock" to tell time. Homer Dudley of Bell Labs demonstrated his "Voder," (a manually-controlled speech synthesizer) at the 1939 World's Fair. "Reading machines for the blind" were introduced in the mid-1970s by Kurzweil in the U.S. and NEC in Japan. In 1978, Texas Instruments introduced the very popular "Speak & Spell" learning toy, which contained their new TMS5220 integrated circuit (IC) chip. Laboratory text-to-speech systems started evolving into commercial services and products, such as MIT's "Klattalk," introduced in 1983 as "DECTalk." As processors became more powerful, a host of new synthesizers became available in software in many world languages. Starting in the late 1980s, large scale concatenative synthesis (e.g. Sagisaka at ATR) became progressively more prevalent. The same approach also became popular for music synthesizers.
Speech recognition has been actively pursued globally by numerous laboratories in commercial, academic, and government sectors. In 1922, a sound-activated toy dog named "Rex" (from Elmwood Button Co.) could be called by name from his doghouse. Small vocabulary recognition was demonstrated for digits over the telephone by Bell Labs in 1952. At the Seattle World's Fair in 1962, IBM demonstrated their "Shoebox" recognizer with 16 words (digits plus command/control words) interfaced with a mechanical calculator for performing arithmetic computations by voice. Based on mathematical modeling and optimization techniques learned at IDA (now the Center for Communications Research, Princeton), Jim Baker introduced stochastic processing with Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to speech recognition, while at Carnegie-Mellon University in 1972. In the same time frame, Jelinek et al, coming from a background of information theory, also
independently developed HMM techniques for speech recognition at IBM. Over the next 10-15 years, as other labs gradually tested, understood, and applied this methodology, it became the dominant speech recognition methodology. Recent performance improvements have been achieved through the incorporation of discriminative training (e.g. Cambridge University, LIMSI, etc.) and large databases for training.
Starting in the 1970s, government funding agencies throughout the world (e.g. Alvey, ATR, DARPA, Esprit, etc.) began making a major impact on expanding and directing speech technology for strategic purposes. These efforts have resulted in significant advances, especially for speech recognition, and have created large widely-available databases in many languages while fostering rigorous comparative testing and evaluation methodologies.
In the mid-1970s, small vocabulary commercial recognizers utilizing expensive custom hardware were introduced by Threshold Technology and NEC, primarily for hands-free industrial applications. In the late 1970s, Verbex (division of Exxon Enterprises), also using custom special-purpose hardware systems, was commercializing small vocabulary applications over the telephone, primarily for telephone toll management and financial services (e.g. Fidelity fund inquiries). By the mid-1990s as computers became progressively more powerful, even large vocabulary speech recognition applications progressed from requiring hardware assists to being implementable all in software. As performance and capabilities increased, prices dropped.
In 1990, Dragon Systems introduced a general-purpose discrete dictation system (i.e. requiring pauses between each spoken word), and in 1997, Dragon started shipping general purpose continuous speech dictation systems, to allow any user to speak naturally to their computer instead of, or in addition to, typing. IBM rapidly followed suit, as did Lernout & Hauspie (using technology acquired from Kurzweil Applied Intelligence), Philips, and more recently, Microsoft. Medical reporting and legal dictation are two of the largest market segments for this technology. Although intended for use by typical PC users, this technology has proven especially valuable to disabled or physically impaired users, including many who suffer from Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI).
AT&T introduced their automated operator system (e.g. "collect call," "operator," etc.) in 1992. In 1996, Nuance supplied recognition technology to allow customers of Charles Schwab to get stock quotes and to engage in financial transactions over the telephone. Similar recognition applications were also supplied by SpeechWorks. Today, it is possible to book airline reservations with British Airways, make a train reservation for Amtrak, obtain weather forecasts and telephone directory information, all by using speech recognition technology.
Other important speech technologies include speaker verification/identification and spoken language learning for both literacy and interactive foreign language instruction. For information search and retrieval applications (e.g. audio mining) by voice, large vocabulary recognition preprocessing has proven highly effective, preserving acoustic as well as statistical semantic/syntactic information. This approach also has broad applications for speaker identification, language identification, etc.
What's Coming: Computer processing power will continue to increase, with lower costs for both processor and memory components. The systems that support even the most sophisticated speech applications will move from centralized locales (e.g. computer center, or server) to distributed configurations (i.e. with some processing done local to the user and the balance done elsewhere), to primarily being located local to the end user. This trend has been repeated many times (e.g. with computers, telephones, etc).
On the research side, a great deal of progress has been made, but a great deal of progress remains to be made. Unfortunately, in the wake of the economic downturn and heavy consolidation of speech technology companies over the past five years, the amount of corporate and government funding has declined. The technology presently is good enough for certain products and services to be successfully sold and incrementally improved. A great deal more opportunity exists when the fundamentals of the core technology can be thoroughly explored and tested (not possible with previous processing limitations) to remove known sub-optimizations and to enable major new applications. Experienced researchers are not short of ideas to make fundamental improvements; they are short of the resources to implement many of them.
The promise and the opportunities to be realized for speech technologies, and the time-frames for these, are gated by the resources available to pursue these ideas. The first beneficiaries of this new era in speech technology are likely to be the institutions willing and able to look beyond short-term incremental gains to break new ground. Until remedied, present performance limitations will continue to inhibit the utility and commercial returns of products and services. Nonetheless some very exciting entrants are on the near-term horizon!
We can expect that full, general purpose, continuous dictation systems will become available in a variety of handheld devices. Speech technologies will be embedded in handheld computers, cell phones, remote controls, automotive navigation systems, appliances, foreign language phrase books, toys, and a lot more!
Speech technology will gradually be incorporated into a wide range of different services and products, progressively more ubiquitous and pervasive. Multiple speech technologies (recognition, synthesis, verification, etc.) will become increasingly better integrated and bundled together. More natural language dialog systems with better user interfaces should mean that many enterprise applications, such as customer and technical support, can be conducted automatically with huge cost savings, and eventually, greater customer satisfaction.
Lecture and meeting transcripts will be readily searchable by voice as well as broadcast news and your favorite TV shows. Voice portals will become better enabled with speech input and output. Speaker verification will become a more prevalent technology, especially used in combination with other security protections (passwords, hand geometry, fingerprints, retinal scans, etc). More systems will incorporate natural language capabilities, directed dialogs, and multilinguality as needed.
You will be able to talk and give orders to the characters in your video and simulation adventure games. You can expect customized pronunciation help when you are trying to learn a new foreign language on your own. Children will be able to get personalized friendly reading support on their own, as will adults in need of private literacy instruction. In some stores, bus stations, and street corners, you will be able to ask for information from the roving robot information kiosks! Key components of each of these future applications have already been demonstrated (at least in prototype form). Speech isn't just for people any more!
[By Janet M. Baker Saras Institute/Dibner Institute at MIT Puiblished in SpeechTechMag]
You can not create these folders 'coz following are resereved for specific work:
AUX: Auxillary (Generally used as an extra input for a device such as an add-on CD player/changer, MP3 player, or other audio (line level) input.)
COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4: Keywords reserved for serial ports.
LPT1, LPT2, LPT3: Parllel Ports
PRN: printer and
NUL: is reserved for nul device
Regards
Náv
-----------------------------
harinder1301 <harinder1301@...> wrote:
Hi friends!!!
An Indian discovered that nobody can create a folder anywhere named as "con" . This is something pretty cool...and unbelievable... At Microsoft the whole Team, including Bill Gates, couldn't answer why this happened!
Try it out yourself..
As AUX, CON, NUL, and PRN are reserved names in Microsoft Windows, Microsoft does not recommend that you use these names as site codes when you install Microsoft Systems Management Server.
Hi friends!!!
An Indian discovered that nobody can create a folder
anywhere named as "con" .
This is something pretty cool...and unbelievable... At
Microsoft the whole Team, including Bill Gates,
couldn't answer why this happened!
Try it out yourself..
As AUX, CON, NUL, and PRN are reserved names in Microsoft Windows,
Microsoft does not recommend that you use these names as site codes
when you install Microsoft Systems Management Server.
So Nothing like dat,
For more Information click following link
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;279868
Thanks and Regards,
Harinder Kaur
Software Developer
VIENNA Solutions.
SCO-2,Industrial Area
Phase - IX, Mohali
www.viennasolutions.com
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hi!
i'm new to this group.
i can suggest a solution.....
wy not use TIFF format. It is compressed, device independent and
easy to edit....
regards,
Amit Bhandari
--- In TheRevolutions@yahoogroups.com, Nav S <navs_cse@y...> wrote:
>
> Query:
>
>
> We are using BMP file to display image in our project (VC++).But
the size of the file is large and it takes time to load the file. so
if you use JPEG file then whether we can get some benefit is terms of
processing. i.e. Whether to use JPEG files are better than BMP in
terms of efficiency ignoring the image quality.
>
> Answers:
>
> 1.
>
> JPEG images will contain compressed data. So if you are using the
JPEG's for further analysis, it may create a problem.
>
> The algorithm you are using for the BMP processing will not give
the same performance with JPEG if you are using motion queues
>
> In terms of processing it will definitely give the advantage over
the BMP. So if you are using only for the display purpose its good to
use jpeg images than bmp
>
> 2.
> After loading JPEG to your software, the computer makes room in
memory to hold the data in 8 bits with 3 bytes each representing
colour information. Hence, there is no way you can save or process
faster or slower for different file formats. What JPEG or JPG offers
is saving disk space by encoding certain information. Whether you
load JPG or BMP both works at same pace.
>
>
> Files:
>
> The Guys who are intrested in J2ME can download paper presentation
from The Revolutions Group's site:
>
> http://www.yahoogroups.com/group/TheRevolutions
>
> then select 'Files' Section
>
>
>
> Smiles,
>
> Team Revolutions
>
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Yahoo! Small Business - Try our new Resources site!
Xalan-C++ - C version of the XSLT processor for multiple platforms.
Xalan is an XSLT processor for transforming XML documents into HTML, text, or other XML document types.
Xalan-C++ version 1.9 is a robust implementation of the W3C Recommendations for XSL Transformations (XSLT) and the XML Path Language (XPath). It works with a compatible release of the Xerces-C++ XML parser: Xerces-C++ version 2.6.0. The focus for this release is on bug fixes, pluggable memory management, and enhanced stability improvements in stylesheet execution
Xalan-Java is an XSLT processor for transforming XML documents into HTML, text, or other XML document types. It implements XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0 and XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0. It can be used from the command line, in an applet or a servlet, or as a module in other program.
Xalan-Java recasts Xalan as an implementation of the Transformation API for XML (TrAX) interfaces, part of the Java API for XML Processing 1.2. TrAX provides a modular framework and a standard API for performing XML transformations, and it utilizes system properties to determine which Transformer and which XML parser to use.
__________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com To: zamil ahsan <zamil26@...>, anish banga <who_m_i_0007@...>, daman birin <damanbirin@...>, cyril chang <cyril.b.chang@...>, vrushank davda <vrushankdavda@...>, cqu indian <cquindianstuds@yahoogroups.com>, jaidev <sunshine_dev@...>, Ushark Joshi <ushark_9@...>, scott lawton <s.lawton@...>, jimit maniar <londonmania2001@...>, Akshay Panchal <s0054415@...>, atul patel <atulmonanpatel@...>, ekta patel <ekta90@...>, hemant b patel <hemantpatel_54@...>, mehul patel <bakmoo253@...>, sanket patel <sanx83@...>, pavan <lapavan_2000@...>, paulin raval
<paulin_raval@...>, kingshuk saroda <kingshuksaroda@...>, bindal shah <bindal4u@...>, dhyan shah <shahdhyan@...>, rishi d shah <rishidshah2000@...>, tejinder <tejinder_cse@...>, meghal vora <meghalvora@...> From: aditya patel <adit_720@...> Date: Sun, 5 Jun 2005 01:44:36 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [cquindianstuds] Fwd: read carefully
Note: forwarded message attached.
ADITYA H PATEL Student Faculty Of Business and Law
Central Queensland University
Rockhampton
Queensland-4701
Mob-+61421777856
Discover Yahoo! Get on-the-go sports scores, stock quotes, news & more. Check it out! Date: Sun, 5 Jun 2005 09:29:19 +0100 (BST) From: Harshal Desai <smary08@...> Subject: Fwd: read carefully To: Falgun Patel <falgun_30@...>, Tapan Patel <tapanjaan_82@...>, Dhruv Desai <drew18dd@...>, Pramit Sheth <sniffer_pd@...>, Aditya <adit_720@...>, Auro <darthauro@...>, priyank amin <priyankmails@...>, Shalini <cuteshalu@...>, hemal shah <kukoo_shah@...>, Siddhi Jariwala <sidhij@...>, Kukoo Shah <kukoo_007_in@...>, ravee lakhmani <ravee_85@...>, mohak vyas <mohak_vyas@...>, Nilay Vaidya <vaidyanilay@...>, Rohan Shroff <shroffrohan@...>, Twisha Shah
<twish_s@...>
Note: forwarded message attached.
___________________________________________________________ Does your mail provider give you access to messages sent to other POP email accounts, like your work account? Get Yahoo! Mail http://uk.mail.yahoo.comFrom: "Nitin Desai" <navatek@...> To: "Harshal Desai" <smary08@...> Subject: read carefully Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 16:45:47 +0530
All mobile users pay attention if you receive a phone call and your mobile phone displays (XALAN) on the screen don't answer the call, END THE CALL IMMEDIATELY, if you answer the call, your phone will be infected by a virus. This virus will erase all IMEI and IMSI information from both your phone and your SIM card, which will make your phone unable to connect with the telephone network. You will have to buy a new phone. This information has been confirmed by both Motorola and Nokia. There are over 3 Million mobile phones being infected by this virus in all around the world now. You can also check this news in the CNN web site. PLEASE FORWARD THIS PIECE OF INFORMATION TO ALL YOUR FRIENDS HAVING A MOBILE.
best Regards,
Niraj
Jani Asst. Sales Manager- CPG Acer India (pvt) Ltd. - Ahmedabad Cel: 098250 68079 email: niraj_jani@...
Discover Yahoo! Get on-the-go sports scores, stock quotes, news more. Check it out!
Note: forwarded message attached.
Life is full of joy ..... Enjoy Life
Keep In Touch via UR Beautiful Mails
Tejinder Singh Saini
__________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com
Note: forwarded message attached.
ADITYA H PATEL Student Faculty Of Business and Law
Central Queensland University
Rockhampton
Queensland-4701
Mob-+61421777856
Discover Yahoo! Get on-the-go sports scores, stock quotes, news more. Check it out!
Note: forwarded message attached.
___________________________________________________________
Does your mail provider give you access to messages sent to other POP email
accounts, like your work account?
Get Yahoo! Mail http://uk.mail.yahoo.com
All mobile users pay attention if you receive a phone call and your mobile phone displays (XALAN) on the screen don't answer the call, END THE CALL IMMEDIATELY, if you answer the call, your phone will be infected by a virus. This virus will erase all IMEI and IMSI information from both your phone and your SIM card, which will make your phone unable to connect with the telephone network. You will have to buy a new phone. This information has been confirmed by both Motorola and Nokia. There are over 3 Million mobile phones being infected by this virus in all around the world now. You can also check this news in the CNN web site. PLEASE FORWARD THIS PIECE OF INFORMATION TO ALL YOUR FRIENDS HAVING A MOBILE.
best Regards,
Niraj Jani Asst. Sales Manager- CPG Acer India (pvt) Ltd. - Ahmedabad Cel: 098250 68079 email: niraj_jani@...
Have you ever called up an office without knowing the extension number of the person you're trying to reach? It can be a nightmare because you have to dial the operator for assistance, who might be busy attending other calls, thereby putting your call on eternal hold. So despite the office having a system with the technology for automatic call transfer, manual intervention is required. The same problem exists with other IVR (Interactive Voice Response) based systems where you have to push a lot of buttons on the telephone keypad to reach the desired service. While IVR systems have their own advantage, and have been deployed worldwide, another technology is gaining ground. That is ASR (Automatic Speech Recognition) systems. This allows customers to interact with a computer using their natural voice instead of pushing buttons on the telephone keypad. For instance, in the office example above, you don't have to remember the extension number
of the person you're calling. You have to just say the person's name, and your call is automatically transferred. We'll look at the technology behind ASR systems. There are two parts to ASR, one where the speech gets converted to words, and the other where the system derives meaning from these words and produces a specific action, such as responding to the customer. Each is a separate process in itself. Speech to word There are two phases in the speech-recognition process, preprocessing and decoding. The first is called feature extraction, where the spoken speech is converted to digital form. A Fast Fourier Transform function is applied to convert the recorded speech to frames. Each frame covers a few milliseconds of speech. It's converted into a feature vector, which contains the frequency and energy information of each frame. There are different kinds of feature extraction techniques, which include Filterbank, Mel Cepstrum and
PLP. These differ based on the application and environment they'll be used in. The feature vectors are then fed to the decoding process in order to covert them into sentences. The decoding process starts by passing the feature vectors through an Acoustic Model. An Acoustic Model contains information on how various words and sub-words are pronounced. It consists of phonemes, triphones, syllables and whole words. Phonemes by definition are the smallest unit of speech, resembling distinctive parts of spoken words. A Triphone is also a phoneme, but contains information on the phonemes that precede and follow it. An Acoustic Model is made by collecting all varieties of human speech from people of different age, sex, and dialect. The Acoustic Model is used to map the feature vectors to different sub-word units. Once the sub-words are recognized, they're mapped to words of an application lexicon using what's called the Hidden Markov Model or
HMM. This is the most widely used statistical model in speech recognition. It uses probability to derive words, and further sentences from the sub-word units. Simply speaking, it starts from a sub-word (current state), and knows all probabilities of which sub-words it could possibly transition to. HMM is used not only to derive words from sub-words by mapping them against an application lexicon, but also whole sentences by mapping them to a language model. The lexicon is structured like a tree to ease the recognition process. So the recognition of a particular word starts from the tree's root, which would be the beginning of a sub-word, and ends on a leaf, which is the word's end. There could be various paths from the root to the leaf, and the best one would be the right word. The most likely path to this leaf is determined by what's called the Viterbi algorithm. The algorithm can use pruning techniques to remove the improbable paths in the
tree. Once words are formed from the application lexicon, they must be passed through a language model to create sentences. A language model is application dependant and contains information on what word sequences are mostly used by the callers. It recognizes sentences by forming word graphs. These are the most probable sentences that could have been spoken by the caller. Meaning from speech Once the speech-recognition process forms a word graph form the utterance, it's passed to the speech understanding module to derive a meaning. This module then parses the word graph using it's own grammar rules, which are specific to the application it's being used in, and derives concepts and fillers. Here, concepts are words that match the grammar rules, and fillers are unrecognized words. So if you call up a flight reservation system and say, "I would like go from Delhi to Mumbai", the speech understanding module will understand "from Delhi to
Mumbai", and tag it as concept, and the rest would be fillers. The combination of concepts and meaningful fillers is formed into a concept graph, and the program calculates the best sentence alternatives for it. Finally, the optimal sentence alternative is derived using statistical techniques.
(This Article was written by Mr.Anil Chopra and Published in SpeechTech Magazine)
We are using BMP file to display image in our project (VC++).But the size of the file is large and it takes time to load the file. so if you use JPEG file then whether we can get some benefit is terms of processing. i.e. Whether to use JPEG files are better than BMP in terms of efficiency ignoring the image quality.
Answers:
1.
JPEG images will contain compressed data. So if you are using the JPEG’s for further analysis, it may create a problem.
The algorithm you are using for the BMP processing will not give the same performance with JPEG if you are using motion queues
In terms of processing it will definitely give the advantage over the BMP. So if you are using only for the display purpose its good to use jpeg images than bmp
2.
After loading JPEG to your software, the computer makes room in memory to hold the data in 8 bits with 3 bytes each representing colour information. Hence, there is no way you can save or process faster or slower for different file formats. What JPEG or JPG offers is saving disk space by encoding certain information. Whether you load JPG or BMP both works at same pace.
Files:
The Guys who are intrested in J2ME can download paper presentation from The Revolutions Group's site: