Hossein Javadi stated:

>>The Higgs boson has been called the missing link in the Standard
Model of Particles and Fields, the theory that's been used to explain
fundamental physics since the 1970s. Prior to 1995 the top quark was
also missing, but then the experimental teams working at the
Tevatron's two large detector systems, D-Zero and >>

Here's my 2 cents:

The Higgs boson is a momentary spin up quark binding with a spin down
quark exactly the same as a spin up electron binds with a spin down
electron to give sigma bonding.

BUT

Because this is quark to quark binding then the Higgs boson MUST be
quite heavy.

Inertial mass (gravity) is nothing but quark to distant quark binding
similar to the electron to electron binding that gives us the
attractive forces in magnetism and sigma and pi chemical bonding.

In both cases of electron and quark binding the attraction does NOT
fall off with the square of the distance. Only the number of binding
couples falls off with the square of the distance, But then you must
take into consideration Tony Bermanseder's caveat "It is not as
simple as that." and it isn't because the distance is limited by
other factors that i'm not going into here.

A fermion has unbalanced spin a boson has balanced spin.

Anything with balanced spins can be considered, in effect, a boson.

Even some balanced spin atoms are considered, by quantum theorists,
to be bosons.

What few now realize but WILL eventually is that ANY two, impedance
matched, fermions, one with spin up and the other with spin down -
even at an immense finite distance - can bind together to form a
momentary boson.


(since this is of utmost importance I think I'll send it out to about
100 groups.)



z





--- In TheoryOfEverything@yahoogroups.com, "Hossein Javadi"
<javadi_hossein@h...> wrote:
>
> New Results Change Estimate of Higgs Boson Mass
>
>
>
> New Results Change Estimate of Higgs Boson Mass
>
> In a case of the plot thickening as the mystery unfolds, the Higgs
boson has just gotten heavier, even though the subatomic particle has
yet to be found. In a letter to the scientific journal Nature,
published in the June 10, 2004 issue, an international collaboration
of scientists working at the Tevatron accelerator of the Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), report the most precise
measurements yet for the mass of the top quark - a subatomic particle
that has been found - and this requires an upward revision for the
long-postulated but still undetected Higgs boson.
>
> "Since the top quark mass we are reporting is a bit higher than
previously measured, it means the most likely value of the Higgs mass
is also higher," says Ron Madaras, a physicist with the U.S.
Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
(Berkeley Lab), who heads the local participation in the D-Zero
experiment at the Tevatron. "The most likely Higgs mass has now been
increased from 96 to 117 GeV/c2" - GeV/c2 is a common particle-
physics unit of mass; the mass of the proton measures about 1 GeV/c2 -
"which means it's probably beyond the sensitivity of current
experiments, but very likely to be found in future experiments at the
Large Hadron Collider being built at CERN."
>
> The Higgs boson has been called the missing link in the Standard
Model of Particles and Fields, the theory that's been used to explain
fundamental physics since the 1970s. Prior to 1995 the top quark was
also missing, but then the experimental teams working at the
Tevatron's two large detector systems, D-Zero and
>
>
>
>
> New measurements of top quark mass at Fermilab have revised
estimates for the mass of the Higgs boson.
>
>
>
>
> CDF, were able to discover it independently.
>
> Scientists believe that the Higgs boson, named for Scottish
physicist Peter Higgs, who first theorized its existence in 1964, is
responsible for particle mass, the amount of matter in a particle.
According to the theory, a particle acquires mass through its
interaction with the Higgs field, which is believed to pervade all of
space and has been compared to molasses that sticks to any particle
rolling through it. The Higgs field would be carried by Higgs bosons,
just as the electromagnetic field is carried by photons.
>
> "In the Standard Model, the Higgs boson mass is correlated with top
quark mass," says Madaras, "so an improved measurement of the top
quark mass gives more information about the possible value of the
Higgs boson mass."
>
> According to the Standard Model, at the beginning of the universe
there were six different types of quarks. Top quarks exist only for
an instant before decaying into a bottom quark and a W boson, which
means those created at the birth of the universe are long gone.
However, at Fermilab's Tevatron, the most powerful collider in the
world, collisions between billions of protons and antiprotons yield
an occasional top quark. Despite their brief appearances, these top
quarks can be detected and characterized by the D-Zero and CDF
experiments.
>
> In announcing the D-Zero results, experiment cospokesperson John
Womersley said, "An analysis technique that allows us to extract more
information from each top quark event that occurred in our detector
has yielded a greatly improved precision of plus or minus 5.3 GeV/c2
in the top mass measurement, compared with previous measurements. The
new measurement is comparable to the precision of all previous top
quark mass measurements put together. When this new result is
combined with all other measurements from both the D-Zero and CDF
experiments, the new world average for the top mass becomes 178.0
plus or minus 4.3 GeV/c2
>
> The D-Zero detector system consists of a central tracking detector
array, a hermetic calorimeter for measuring energy, and a large solid-
angle muon detector system. Berkeley Lab designed and built the two
electromagnetic end-cap calorimeters and also the initial vertex
detector, the innermost component of the tracking system. Tracking
detectors supplement calorimeters by measuring particle trajectories.
Only when trajectory and energy measurements are combined can
scientists identify and characterize particles
>
>
>
>
> Top quarks and other particles are produced when energetic
protons and antiprotons collide.
>
>
>
>
> Top quarks and other particles are produced when energetic protons
and antiprotons collide.
>
>
>
> While raising the central value for the top quark mass appears to
diminish the possibility that the Higgs boson could be discovered at
the Tevatron, it does open a wider door for new discoveries in
supersymmetry, also known as SUSY, an extension of the Standard Model
that unites particles of force and matter through the existence of
superpartners (sometimes referred to as "sparticles"). Supersymmetry
seeks to fill gaps left by the Standard Model.
>
> "The current mass limits or bounds that exclude supersymmetric
particles are very sensitive to the top quark mass," says
Madaras. "Since the top quark mass is now higher, these limits or
bounds are not as severe, which increases the chance of seeing
supersymmetric particles at the Tevatron."
>
> Scientists from nearly 40 US universities and 40 foreign
institutions contributed to the data analysis reported in the letter
to Nature by the D-Zero experimental group. Berkeley Lab co-authors
of the letter in addition to Madaras were Mark Strovink, Al Clark,
Tom Trippe, and Daniel Whiteson.
>
> Fermilab Director Michael Witherell said in a statement that these
results do not end the story of precision measurements of the top
quark mass. "The two collider detectors, D-Zero and CDF, are
recording large amounts of data in Run II of the Tevatron. The CDF
collaboration has recently reported preliminary new measurements of
the top mass based on Run II data. The precision of the world average
will improve further when their results are final. Over the next few
years, both experiments will make increasingly precise measurements
of the top quark mass."
>
> Fermilab, like Berkeley Lab, is funded by the Department of
Energy's Office of Science. In response to the Nature letter from the
D-Zero group, Raymond L. Orbach, Director of the Office of Science,
said: "These important results demonstrate how our scientists are
applying new techniques to existing data, producing new estimates for
the mass of the Higgs boson. We eagerly await the next round of
results from the vast quantities of data that are generated today at
the Fermilab Tevatron
>
>
>
>
>
> Berkeley Lab is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory
located in Berkeley, California. It conducts unclassified scientific
research and is managed by the University of California. Fermilab is
a national laboratory funded by the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy, operated by Universities Research Association,
Inc.
>
> Additional information
> a.. More about the D-Zero experiment at the Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)
> b.. More about Fermilab
>
> CPH Theory, Creation Particle Higgs Theory
> Introduction
>
> For Newton, the force of gravity was merely a function of masses
and the distance between them. For Einstein, gravity was caused by a
deformation of space-time continuum. On this basis, he developed a
highly complex algebra that merely describes it geometrically.
Nowadays the majority of studies explain only the effects of gravity
and not its nature.
>
> The unification of gravity with electricity has been a challenge
for many great physicists of the last century. Einstein dedicated
almost 35 years to the problem without success, while, in 1968, Dirac
suggested that it would not be possible to unify the fundamental
forces.
>
> Was Dirac right? Isn't a unified force in nature? We know many
Physical Scientists had been working hard to find a unified field
theory. Also, they predicated many interesting theories. In this
field hardest efforts had belonged to String Theory.
>
> I had believed any effort for finding a unified theory without
considering conversion of the force and energy does not have any
considerable success. In fact there is a unified force/particle in
nature. In other words, Force, Energy and Mass had formed a unified
fundamental particle that calls CPH in Theory of CPH. In Theory of
CPH, Force and Energy are convertible. Also according to Relativity,
mass and energy are equivalent. So, Force, Energy and Mass are three
manifests of a unified entity that is called CPH. And we should
change our perception about force, energy and mass.
>
> Definition of CPH
>
> Suppose there is a particle with mass of m that is moving with
speed Vc in an inertial frame. And Vc>c and c is the speed of light.
So, its linear momentum gives mVc. (Figure 1). It is Called CPH
(Creation Particle Higgs).
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Figure 1
>
> Principle of CPH
>
> CPH is a particle with constant mass m and moves with constant
speed Vc.
>
> CPH has the momentum of Inertia I. In any interaction between CPH
and other particles/forces, the amount of Vc does not change, so;
>
>
>
> gradVc=0 in all inertial frames and any space
>
> Explain
>
> According to figure 1, a CPH carries linear momentum of P=mVc. So,
CPH has inertia and also has Momentum Inertia I. When an external
force is applied on a CPH, then a part of its Linear momentum (P=mVc)
converts to angular momentum and CPH takes Spin, so that the amount
speed of CPH does not change in any case. When CPH has Spin, it is
called GRAVITON. (Figure 2)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Figure 2
>
>
>
>
>
> When a graviton works on an object/particle, graviton does
disappear and converts to energy. Because it is not acceptable that
force acts and produces energy; and force does not have any effect on
itself while producing energy. All efforts for finding a unified
field theory had no success, because physicists do not consider the
conversion of force and energy. Also, a graviton acts on another
graviton and produces energy. See Figure 3.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>
>
> Figure 3
>
>
>
> The picture above shows two gravitons with the mass of m, speed of
Vc and linear momentum of P=mVc, in distance of r feel each other.
They absorb each other and "r" decreases. But CPH must move with the
speed of Vc, so it loses a part of its linear speed and takes Spin.
>
> A Photon is formed by a lot of CPH that they have spin and photon
has spin too. So, when a photon is traveling with speed of c, CPH has
linear speed of c and it has spin itself, and a speed equal to the
speed of the photon (according to the structure of photon).
>
> In a gravitational field, when a photon shifts to blue, gravitons
convert to energy. And when the photon shifts to red, energy converts
to graviton. And when energy decays, it produces Matter and Anti-
Matter. See Figure 4. In fact ever thing formed of CPH.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Figure 4
>
>
>
> CPH Theory propounded that force and energy is equivalent, so CPH
theory may provide the answer. From one principle - that CPH moves
with constant amount of speed Vc and gradVc=0 in all inertial frames
in any space - CPH theory provides a single explanatory framework
capable of encompassing all forces and all matter and anti-matter.
>
> CPH theory proclaims, for instance, all observed particles/objects
consist of CPH. They can come in forms of masses, energies,
fundamental particles and fundamental forces. The strong and weak
nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity -- are reflections of
various ways in which a CPH can move in the same structure of matter
or photon. Just as photons or gravitons in empty space, light or
gravity effects reach the earth from a very far star.
>
> CPH is pure gravity force. CPH moves with speed of Vc in an
inertial frame if no external force is applied on it. When an
external force is applied on a CPH, it takes spin and is called
graviton. So, Vc equals the speed of graviton (in an inertial frame),
when it has no spin.
>
> In fact a CPH is a sub-quanta of existence in nature. CPH has mass
that is a manifest of matter; its movement is a manifest of energy.
CPH has sub-quanta bounding gravity field around itself.
>
> A CPH feels another CPH by this sub-quanta gravity field. Also, two
CPH absorb each other by their sub-quanta fields. See Figure 5.
>
> Photons (and all subatomic particles) are formed by many CPH that
they have spin; and photon has spin too. So, when a photon is
traveling with speed of c, CPH has a linear speed of c and it has
itself spin and a speed equal to the speed of the photon (in the
structure of photon or other subatomic particles).
>
>
>
>
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>
>
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>
>
>
> Figure 5
>
>
>
> So, quantum energy is formed by a lot of CPH. Also, CPH (gravitons)
work on CPH and produces energy. In the other words, force and energy
are equivalent. Force converts to energy and energy changes to force.
Fore example; force converts to energy in blue-shift and energy
converts to force in red-shift.
> Two objects/particles (like the moon and the earth, or an electron
and a proton in an atom) transfer CPH continuously.
>
> Photo Electric and Compton Effect by CPH
>
> According to CPH theory a photon contains n number of CPH that they
are moving with the speed of c in the structure of photons. The given
mass of a CPH is m, so its momentum is P=mc and the momentum of
photon is P=nmc, see Figure 6.
>
>
>
>
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>
>
> Figure 6
>
>
>
> When a photon collides to an electron, a number of CPH that exist
in the photon enter the electron. See Figure 7.
>
>
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>
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>
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>
>
> Figure 7
>
>
>
> In photoelectric effect all CPHs of photon enter the structure of
the Electron. Consider that it will happen if the amount of the
energy of the photon is sufficient.
>
> In Compton Effect some CPH enter the structure of the photon and
other CPHs do not enter.
>
> In the picture above, k>k1 and k2=k-k1 when CPH is joined with the
electron.
>
> Spring;
> Take a look at spring. There is a spring with one of its sides
connected to the wall (Figure 8). In formal physics it is defined by
the conversion of potential energy and kinetic energy. Let us explain
it according to the conversion of force and energy.
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>
>
> Figure 6
>
>
>
>
> A. The spring is pushed by hand. During the time that hands were
pushing the spring, hand's energy converts to force. In fact a lot of
CPHs leaves the hand and enters the spring. The momentum of these CPH
is transferred to the spring. Hands had lost momentum (and energy),
and spring gained momentum and energy. It is such as the following:
> example; a wagon has a lot of sand that collides to an empty wagon.
Some sands leave the first wagon and enter the empty wagon.
>
> In situation A, F= - kx and its direction is toward the left side
and energy equals zero: E=0.
>
> B. Force is converting to energy. Spring will return to its
equilibrium situation. Object opposes with the spring's movement. The
force of the spring converts to energy and the amount of force
decreases and energy increases.
>
> C. No force is applied on an object, but energy is maximum: the
Object is moving toward the left side and its energy converts to
force.
>
>
> Gravity
>
> According TO CPH Theory, gravity is a currency among objects. For
example consider the interaction between the earth and the moon:
> Earth has a gravitational field. The gravitational field is formed
by gravitons that are moving toward the earth and they are
interacting with each other. Suppose the earth is alone and there are
no interactions between earth and other bodies in universe. When
gravitons reach the earth, the earth absorbs them. Then gravitons
obey all forces around them. But the earth is not alone and it has
interaction with other bodies. Take a look at earth and moon. There
are two fields; one is around the earth and the other one is around
the moon. When a graviton reaches the earth, the other one moves
toward the moon and pushes the earth toward the moon. (Remember flow
and ebb). Also when a graviton reaches the moon, the other one moves
toward the earth and pushes the moon toward the earth. So earth (In
fact every thing) is bombarded by gravitons continuously.
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>
>
>
>
>
> Figure 9
>
> If movements in the space are without any gravitational effects,
they move linearly with the speed of c (top of Figure 9). But space
is full of gravity. So, photons' paths are like the right side of
Figure 9.
> Left side of Figure 9 shows that a photon is moving in a
gravitational field of a massive body.
> In point A, the photon has the speed of c, frequency of f and
energy of E that reaches point A. Gravitational field acts on the
photon, some gravitons enter the structure of the photon. Photons
accelerate toward the massive body. Its frequency, energy and speed
increase.
> In point B, the photon has a frequency of f1, energy of E1 and
speed of c1. During the time that photons are falling, the distance
between the photon and body decreases, until it reaches the point G.
In point G Frequency, speed and energy are maximum for that photon.
When photon reaches point F', it is the same as point F, and so on.
In point A' it is the same as point A.
> The behavior of photons and gravitational fields is the same as
spring and objects. On the left side of Figure 9, when a photon is
falling, it shifts to blue and the gravity force converts into energy.
> When photon is escaping from a massive body it shifts to red and
energy converts to gravity force.
> Theory of CPH - the ultimate explanation of the universe at its
most microscopic level, a theory that does not rely on any deeper
explanation - would provide the firmest foundation on which to build
our understanding of the world.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> CPH bends space
>
> We know the frequency of photon does change in gravitational field.
When gravity force acts on a photon, the energy of the photon
increases and its frequency increases too (or decreases). In red-
shift work is negative (frequency decreases) and in blue-shift work
is positive (frequency increases). When photon is leaving
gravitational field, it shifts to red and when photon is falling it
shifts to blue. When light is moving in space that there is no
gravitational effect, the path of light is linear (figure 10).
>
> Now suppose light is moving in gravitational field of a massive
body. Gravity works on it. When distance between photon and massive
body goes to short, light shifts to blue like photon is falling. But
when distance between photon and massive body goes to long, light
shifts to red like photon escapes (Figure 10).
>
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>
> Figure 10
>
>
>
>
>
> What the inside observer observes is the opposite of what the
outside observer observes.
>
> Zero Point Energy
>
> Quantum energy is formed by a lot of CPH. Also, CPH (graviton)
works on CPH and produces energy.
>
> It happens when the density of the graviton is high. (Figure 11).
>
> According to the size of a gamma photon and the number of CPH in
it, we can calculate the density of CPH in the structure of the
photon. The diameter of an electron is less than 10^ -18 m. A gamma
photon (in pair production) produces an electron and a positron.
Suppose the volume of a photon is 2 times bigger than the electron's
volume.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Figure 11
>
>
>
> Suppose that the density of CPH in structure of photon is De(cph)=n
per m^3,
>
> Space is full of gravitons. Gravitons have interaction among each
other. They absorb each other and convert to electromagnetic wave.
When they convert to energy, that density of CPH reaches to
>
> De(cph)=n per m^3.
>
> So, for space we have;
>
> Integral on volume of De(cph)=0 to De(cph)=n per m^3 on dDe(cph) =
E , E is electromagnetic energy.
>
>
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>
>
> Integration of gravitons is a projection to production
electromagnetic energy.
>
> In the other word, force and energy are equivalent. Force converts
to energy and energy changes to force.
>
> For more see Theory of CPH and Mathematical Modeh of CPH
>
> Any fresh opinion most welcome
>
> Sincerely
>
> Hossein Javadi