Hi all<br><br>On Thursday night New Zealand time,
I sent an e-mail to the Crown research institute
(government research institute)of the Geological and Nuclear
sciences, informing them that I had set up Yahoo! clubs for
this subject and earthquakes and asked them if they
would be interested in these discussion forums.<br>This
afternoon I got an e-mail from the Chief Volcanologist Dr
Brent Alloway at the Institute about my
e-mail.<br>Whilst interested that I have set them up, there are
evidently many sites on WWW where you can talk about these
subjects, and they do not actually check them out because
it would take forever to find them all. Having said
that Dr Alloway was pleased to hear that they exist
and all the best for it and my B.Sc in
Geology.<br><br>Rob

Hi all<br><br>I am looking for a co-founder.
Please forward all nominees to the club noticeboard
(here)and on Monday-Tuesday (depending on timezones)you
will go to the polls and elect who you want in the
job.<br>Founder must have joined the club BEFORE WEDNESDAY to be
eligible.<br><br>Rob

Hi all<br><br>Some of you will have noticed in
the last 3 days that the Yahoo Clubs program has been
having technical problems with its system. There<br>have
been cases of technical jargon like the following
sample &lt;br&gt;=href showing up in posts. <br><br>DO
NOT PANIC, I know it to be a system fault that is the
responsibility of Yahoo! to sort out. By all means continue to
post and pray that it goes away in smart
time.<br><br>Rob

Hi all<br><br>I thought I should mention
hydrothermal eruptions as they are quite frequent in New
Zealand and I imagine areas like Yellowstone and parts of
Alaska experience these as well. It comes after a vent
in Rotorua City erupted last week in an existing
hydrothermal eruption crater. The Kuirau<br>Park vent first
exploded in January when a powerful explosion formed a
deep hole about 5m by 5m and at least 2m deep. The
other event was at Alum craters in the Wairakei
geothermal area where two moderate events in an existing
crater occurred last week. <br><br>Rob

This is actually the area where I want to direct
future research goals. I am hoping to do a PhD involving
the use of remote sensing to study planetary
volcanism, especially that of Mars to understand palnetary
surface forming processes. Of course, the easiest way to
do this is to use terrestrial settings as analagous
to that of Venus, Mars, Triton etc., but some of
these places are so different that there is really no
way to understand what is going on without actually
making observationsin the field. Triton, for example may
have 'volcanoes' that erupt a hydrocarbon slurry. The
only place I have seen a hydrocarbon slurry is at a
solid waste site in Texas. Io has sulphur volcanoes,
Venus has fluffy, pancake-like volcanoes, huge flood
basalts (Mare) on the Moon. The observations of the other
planets and moons in the solar system streches our
conventions and forces us to constantly reconsider what is
acceptable. Consider the myriad examples of volcanism on
Earth. Different edifice types, geological, geochemical
and tectonic settings, and eruption types. These are
all directly influenced by a unique system. So it may
stand to reason that other places have their own unique
modes of volcanism. Study of these features allows us
to understand the larger processes taking place in
the solar system.

Hi all<br><br>The club colours have a theme to
them based on the<br>subject matter. I chose the grey
based on the general colour of ash (although depending
on the chemistry and what type of magma composition
ash varies in colour)and the red is self-explanatory
because there is only one thing volcanic people imagine
to be red.<br><br>Rob

Hi all<br><br>Just thought I would mention this
for your interest, volcanic plumes have been seen on
one of Jupiters moons. Volcanoes are known to exist
on several moons of many planets in the solar
system. Jupiter has volcanoes on itself and on
Io.<br>Mars has the famous Olympus Mons volcano believed to
be a MASSIVE strato-shield with a crater the size of
HAWAII and a height of 25km. There is NOTHING that is
not MASSIVE.<br><br>Planetary volcanism can be
mentioned here as volcanism is volcanism - need I say more?
I will require you to identify the volcano by
planet just like you would do for countries on
earth.<br><br>Rob

Hi all<br><br>I apologize for the poor showing of
the club statistics but Yahoo is apparently trying to
somehow change things, and so unreliable and incomplete
data is coming out of the Yahoo site.<br>I know it is
incorrect because I log on everyday to check that there are
no problems and anyone who can count to 30 knows
that there is twelve days between March 18 and March
30. This is disappointing because the data is a guide
to how active the club is.<br><br>Rob

Well, I should've introduced my self earlier to
those who haven't seen me before, but there are some
familiar names here! :)<br><br>For those who don't know
about me yet, I've always been interested in volcanoes
since I was a boy. Kinda strange for someone who's
lived hundreds of kilometres away from the nearest
volcanic region (in BC). But I've seen Garibaldi, Mt.
Baker, Rainier and of course, Mt. St. Helens and
Haleakala in Hawai'i.<br><br>BTW, nice colors in this club!
<br><br>Nice layout and colors in this club!

*****************************<br>Scale of
Polygonal
Patterns<br>*****************************<br>From: Nathan Bridges
[Nathan.Bridges@...]<br><br>Dear Volcanological Community,<br><br>There
is
currently a discussion among the remaining few of us
who<br>study Venus' geology as to the origin of polygonal
patterns seen<br>there. These features are on the scale of
1s to 10s of km in<br>diameter (e.g., from one side
of a polygon to the other). In some<br>cases they
appear confined to the boundaries of what are
interpreted<br>as individual lava flows, whereas in other examples
they are more<br>regional.<br><br>Polygonal patterns
are a common result of contractional cooling<br>of
lava flows and welded tuffs. However, the perception
of myself<br>and others is that the scale of
terrestrial features is generally at<br>the meter scale, much
smaller than those on Venus. My question is<br>whether
this is truly the case. Are there examples of large
polygons<br>on modern Earth lava flows? Perhaps large volume
sheet flows (Deccan<br>Traps, Karoo, etc.) might
exhibit big polygons because of their lower<br>thermal
gradient. Is this the case? Can surface structures such
as<br>polygons be seen in field exposures of such old
flows.<br><br>Any assistance to this question would be greatly
appreciated.<br><br>Sincerely,<br><br>Nathan Bridges<br>Jet Propulsion
Laboratory<br>MS
183-501, 4800 Oak Grove Dr.<br>Pasadena, CA
91109<br>USA<br><br>(818) 393-7799 (office)<br>(818) 393-4605
(fax)<br><br>e-mail: nathan.bridges@...

*********************************<br>Cities on
Volcanoes 2
abstracts<br>*********************************<br>From: David Johnston
&lt;D.Johnston@...&gt;<br><br>Cities on Volcanoes 2 abstracts
available<br><br>From
the 12th to the 14th of February Auckland, New
Zealand hosted the 2nd<br>Cities on Volcanoes conference.
This well attended meeting attracted
220<br>registrations from over 20 countries and represented a variety
of<br>disciplines, including Emergency Management, Physical
Volcanology,<br>Heritage, Insurance, Education, Public Health, and
Sociology.<br><br>The conference book of abstracts is now for sale -
$35 (includes p&p). This<br>volume contains 152
abstracts and can be ordered from the
Publications<br>Officer, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, P.O.
Box 30-368, Lower<br>Hutt, New Zealand (fax:
64-4-570-4679), online at www.gns.cri.nz or
email<br>sales@...<br>(New Zealand orders in $NZ and all overseas in
$US).<br><br>Cities on Volcanoes 2 T-shirts are also for sale - $20
(includes p&p).<br>These can be ordered from Diane Tilyard
- email citiesonvolc2@...<br>(New Zealand
orders in $NZ and all overseas in $US). We accept credit
cards.

Lokon<br>North Sulawesi; 1°21.5' N, 124°47.5'
E<br>During the week Lokon volcano often covered by clouds.
From many<br>visual observations, white thin-medium
plume is continuing appear from the<br>volcano hit
25-200 m above the crater rim. Seismic record since 13
March<br>were: 2 events of deep volcanic (A) earthquake and 19
events of tectonic<br>earthquake.<br>Lokon volcano is in
level 2.<br><br>Inelika<br>Central Flores; 8°44' S,
120°59' E<br>Visual observation could not be done well
because along this period<br>the volcano always covered
by clouds. But from instrumental
monitoring<br>Inelika activity appears decrease. During this period
seismograph recorded 1<br>event of shallow volcanic (B)
earthquake, 4 events of deep volcanic (A) and<br>13 events of
tectonic earthquake.<br>Inelika volcano is in level
2.<br><br>Karangetang<br>Siau island; 2°47' N, 125°29' E<br>There was not
explosion and lava avalanche that occur during
the<br>period, and activity characterized with red-colored
reflection above the<br>summit as height as 25 m and 50-400
m of white medium plume.<br>Karangetang volcano is
in level 2.<br><br>Ijen<br>East Java;8°3.5' S,
114°14.5' E<br>Thick clouds covered the body of volcano
during the report. Shallow<br>volcanic earthquakes are
continuing but decrease over last week.
Seismograph<br>recorded 27 events of shallow volcanic (B) earthquake, 3
events of small<br>explosion earthquake and 1 event of
tectonic within this week.<br>Ijen volcano is in level
2.<br><br>Semeru<br>East Java; 8°6.50' S, 112°55' E<br>The summit of the
volcano covered by clouds along the report, but
from<br>seismicity record the volcano indicated an increasing in
activity. Explosion<br>and avalanche earthquake still
dominating seismicity and increase over last<br>week. Detail
data were: 349 events of explosion earthquake, 10
events of<br>avalanche and 4 events of deep volcanic
(A), and 3 events of tectonic<br>earthquake.<br>Semeru
volcano is in level 2.<br><br>Anak Krakatau<br>Sunda
Straits, 6°6'5.8" S, 105°25'22.3" E<br>Anak Krakatau
showed a significant increasing within this week. It
was<br>represents from the number of shallow volcanic earthquake
which increase<br>compare to the week before. Detail
seismiciy: 2 events of deep volcanic (A)<br>earthquake, 79
events of shallow volcanic (B), and 8 events of
tectonic<br>earthquake.<br>Anak Krakatau is stated in level 2.<br><br>G.
Soputan<br>North Sulawesi,124º41'12"N, 1º6'20"E<br>Almost the
report, the Soputan edifice covered by clouds.
Seismicity<br>record showed avalanche and tremor earthquake are
ongoing and increase in<br>number. Seismograph recorded
12 events of tremor volcanic earthquake
with<br>amplitude of 0.5-1 mm. Detail data listed as follow: 4
event of deep<br>volcanic (A) earthquake, 15 events of
tectonic and 30 events of
avalanche<br>earthquakes.<br>Soputan is stated in level 2.<br><br>G.
Batur<br>Bali
Island<br>115.37° N, 8.24° E, summit elevation 1717 m<br>There was
no major changes from Batur volcano based on visual
and<br>instrumental monitoring. During the report seismograph
recorded 3 events of<br>shallow volcanic (B) earthquake, 4
events of deep volcanic (A) earthquake, 3<br>events of
small explosion and tectonic earthquake 2
events.<br>Batur volcano is in level 2.<br><br>Kelut<br>East
Java;7°56' S, 112°18.5' E<br>Visual and instrumental
observations resulted no significant changing<br>in Kelut
activity within the report. Seismograph recorded 2 events
of<br>tectonic earthquake this week. Temperature measurement on
16 March 2001 is<br>50.2°C.<br>Kelut volcano is in
level 2.

************************************<br>Indonesia
Update Report No. 607<br>12-18 March
2001<br>************************************<br>From: Dan Shackelford
&lt;danshack@...&gt;<br><br>For the week of 12 - 18 March, Merapi
continues to
strongly degas from the<br>entire surface of the new dome,
with glowing avalanches to 3km and<br>pyroclastic
flows to 1km in length. Lokon Empung emitted white gas
plumes.<br>Inielika showed decreased seismicity (no visual
observations due to<br>clouds). Api Siau remained rather quiet
still, thick gas plumes and red<br>glows were the norm,
no explosions or avalanches known during this
week.<br>Decreased shallow volcanic earthquakes at Kawah Ijen but
Anak Krakatau<br>showed increased shallow volcanic
earthquakes. Semeru was cloud-covered but<br>seismicity was
dominated by explosion earthquakes and avalanches.
No<br>changes at Batur whereas Soputan displayed increased
seismicity and<br>avalanche events. Kelut showed no unusual
activity.<br><br>Following is from Dali Ahmad (Volcanological Survery of
Indonesia):<br><br>VOLCANIC ACTIVITY REPORTS<br><br>Information contacts:
Dali Ahmad (dali@...)<br>Hetty Triastuty
(hetty@...)<br>Nia Haerani (haerani@...)<br>Suswati
(suswati@...)<br><br>VSI<br>Jalan Diponegoro 57 Bandung 40122<br>Fax :
+ 62 22 72
02 761<br>Tel: + 62 22 72 14 612<br><br>Weekly
Report No. 607<br>2-18 March
2001<br><br>Merapi<br>Central Java; 7°32.5' S, 110°26.5' E<br>Based on visual
and instrumental monitoring Merapi activity is
in<br>level 2. High vigilance is needed for people who work
and living around<br>Merapi at radius 6 km from the
summit.<br>Based on visual observations, solfatara is commonly in
white thick<br>color, hit 575 m from the summit.
Glowing lava avalanche is continuing<br>entered to the
River Sat, Senowo, Bebeng, and Lamat, with the
maximum<br>distance is 3 km to River Sat. Pyroclastic flow is
ongoing, flowed 1 km away<br>to the River Sat, Senowo and
Bebeng.<br>Superficial earthquakes are dominating the seismicity. The
number and<br>amplitude decrease compare to the last
week. Summit investigation on 17<br>March 2001 noticed
that solfatara appear from almost of dome surface
with<br>the high pressure and strong smell. Temperature
around the summit feels hot.<br>There is no lahars that
occurred during this week.<br>Merapi volcano is in level
2.

Damn, Thats a great picture! Living in the sights
of a shotgun sure is picturesque. This picture is
actually reproduced in many parts of the world. People
just do not seem to get the idea of the silent violent
potential of nature until it is way too late. <br><br>With
the changing of the political guard in Washington
D.C. there has been a new call for eliminating
programs within the U.S. governemnt that have been
directly responsible for raising public awareness and
increasing public safety. These being the USGS, FEMA, and
the NSF. If I have forgotten any please add them. It
is imperative for people who claim to be enlightened
to make their opion clearly known to those who hold
the purse strings. A few more bucks in your pockets
from income tax restructuring pays for a myriad of
programs that made it possible for the last earthquake in
Washington State to have caused little heavy damage, and no
direct deaths. It's either that, or India. It's your
choice. Make your voice heard by exercising the rights
you have as a citzen of the US. For those outside of
the US, the USGS and NSF fund many research programs
that impact the conditions outside the US as well.
Pinatubo is a perfect example of the good things the US
can do. You also have a voice.

Hi all<br><br>The photograph shown is of Mount
Rainier in Washington State. Mount Rainier is in the
Cascade Range with it's 15 volcanoes (at least 6 active
or potentially active volcanoes)and is 14410
feet<br>(4392 metres)high. The volcano's last eruption was in
1865 and the volcano is expected to erupt anytime in
the next 100 years. In it's shadow is Seattle, Tacoma
and several smaller cities plus many large towns like
Orting and Everett (town or city??). Orting is on a
giant floodplain formed by previous huge lahars that
were up to and possibly over 100 metres high and which
formed when chemically weakened rock and ice from the
ice-cap mixed. <br><br>IT IS OFFICIAL: the WHOLE TOWN IS
LIVING ON BORROWED TIME.<br><br>Rob

2 new links added. One to Volcanoes and
Volcanologist and the other to:<br><br>Volcano World,<br>this
site has up to date information about activity of many
volcanoes and has many resourses and information about over
600 of the Earth's Volcanoes.

Hi all<br><br>In the province of Taranaki the
skyline is dominated by a classic strato-volcano 2518m
high called Taranaki. Little is known about the
volcano's history except that the fertile farmland of
Taranaki is for the most part built on a series of massive
debris avalanches generated when magma from below got
close enough to the surface that it melted ice and
dislodged a large section of the cone. The volcano is very
similar to Rainier in WA in that it is <br>A) built in
the vicinity of urban areas (New Plymouth -
population at last check 44,000), several large dairy
farming towns (Hawera, and others), and New Zealands main
petrochemical and natural gas field.<br>B) both are expected to
erupt in the next 100 years.<br>C) and both have large
ice masses to generate lahars with.<br><br>I would
encourage people here with relatives living in Orting WA,
USA or anywhere on the floodplain to join this club
or find out from the USGS the hazards facing them or
if you know anyone in New Zealand or similar places
Taranaki/Rainier style volcanoes in their shadow.<br><br>The
absolute worst thing if you ask me that can happen is the
alarm system in Orting getting set off during the night
because most will be in bed and they will probably take a
couple minutes to wake up, realise what is happening,
get their families organised and get out in an
instantaneous traffic jam that will clog the only route
out.<br>Maybe another road to the hills is needed.<br><br>
Mount R.<br> | &lt;---- direction of flood<br> <br>
|<br> gorge mouth <br> / | \<br> / | \ &lt;---- flood
spread across<br> | plains<br> Orting<br><br>Rob

Hi all<br><br>I thought I should mention this
further. The search engine will bring up all articles it
can find related to your query (Mount St Helens for
arguments sake). I know that the USGS has several pages
dedicated to it and some personal pages with <br>survivor
accounts. Most geological reports about it are available
and there is even one dedicated to David Johnston
(killed outright by the explosion). <br><br>As Chris and
I are trying to do a New Zealand album, I encourage
you depending on your geographic location to set your
own up (e.g Marcia<br>Hawaii, Claudia - South
American volcanoes). I am hoping the international
perspective will let people in Europe Asia (put the Kamchatka
Peninsula under Asia)and Africa(?)join in.<br><br>Rob
<br>it is possible that

Hey peter,<br><br><br>Well no, not yet, give me
another semester. I still have some unfinished classes
here to take care of. The trip with Kent Condie was
cancelled, I was planning to go. So it was a major bummer
when I got the news :( Oh well, I do know that he does
have more trips planned for the spring. I'll keep you
posted on them. How are things in Kazakstan? Hope you're
doing well :)<br><br>lavina

Aloha to you to Marcia:)  Well I plan on going to Hawaii soon.  So be there to
expect me.  I know the type of volcanoes there.  That's why I want to see it :)
<br><br>lav

Hi Rob,<br><br>I tried to create an album for NZ
stuff, especially Ruapehu & Ngauruhoe eruptions. Told me
that I'm a member, but wouldn't let me create an
albumn because this is a members only area. Damned
Yahoo!<br>Der umm, help please.<br><br>Chris. J

Hi all<br><br>Please feel free to post photos of
volcanoes, volcanic landforms, volcanic activity,
interaction <br>between volcanoes and man, protective works
for lahars and the like, and destruction left by
eruptions. A VERY GOOD SOURCE is
<br><a href=http://www.volcanoes.com target=new>http://www.volcanoes.com</a>
which has dozens of sites <br>geared toward
volcanoes all around the world. Unfortunately not much is
available directly on New Zealand or Africa, but will point
out sources as they come to hand.<br><br>I know of
already a number of excellent shots of Katmai-Novarupta,
Pinatubo, Mount St Helens, Redoubt, Unzen and other
Japanese volcanoes. Suggest you use the available search
engines to find more.<br><br>Feel free to post your own
(just identify the album if you want to fill it with
your own material). <br><br>Last thing, if anyone has
seen the brilliant 5-shot set of photos that Gary
Rosenquist did of Mount St Helens or knows where I can find
the set on the web, I would like to know. If you
think you <br>know the set, it is of the volcano
collapsing in the debris avalanche and the pyroclastic flow
forming.<br><br>Rob

Lavina,  <br><br>Are you at Tech now?<br><br>The Grand Canyon trip was with Kent
Condie?

Aloha Lavinia!  Sooner or later you have to get up close and personal with
Hawaii's volcanoes.  They are fascinating and mostly gentle.  The surrounding
areas aren't that bad, either!

E koko mai and Aloha, Hiker_Boy. Have you checked
out Kilauea lately? It is great hiking here, and if
your like your mountains higher, go for Mauna Loa. The
Cascades are gorgeous, but nothing beats an active
volcano!<br><br>Btw, you've had a lot of small Earthquakes lately in
the NWT and Nunavit. What is going on there?

Hey everyone, Well my background is that I love
all forms of science. But I also love volcanoes.
There are absoulutly amazing, I can't imagine life
without them. I took an interest in them when I was in
mid-school. So my life pretty much revolved around volcanoes.
I been to Mt. St. Helens many times. I'm planning
to go to Katmai, I would think that it will be an
awesome trip. I recently came back from a rafting trip to
the Grand Canyon. It basically was a Geological trip.
I'm in college studying Earth Science and planning to
finish up at NM Tech. From there I will go to NMSU to
study volcanology. :) And we'll see how my life goes
from there. :) <br><br>lavina

I spend much of my summers climbing and hiking around the Cascade volcanoes and
the volcanic peaks of BC.  I have travelled extensively to other volcanic sites
as well.

My name is Christine (Chris) Johnson and I am 42,
from Paekakariki, New Zealand. I love all forms of
volcanism. As a child, saw Ngauruhoe erupting and Ruapehu
steaming from time to time. I have a life-long love for
all forms of geology & physical geography. Studied
2nd-3rd year geology, hydrology geography and a few other
subjects at Victoria University. Absolutely loved
petrology, cool subject, especially if it was igneous.
Couldn't afford to continue my study, bummer cause this is
a field that I'd dearly love to work in. I still
follow & study geology very closely. <br>I have a large
rock & fossil collection, I specialise in igneous
rocks + Pleistocene-Pliocene mollusca, and love reading
text books. Have a large book collection, esp to do
with volcanism. Yes, I too am a walking encyclopedia
on the subject. One of the best times in my life was
being close to Ruapehu when it erupted in 1995-6. I was
up on the summit of Ruapehu collecting bombs when it
let off a sonic boom & clouds of steam without
warning, setting off the lahar alarms in 1996, the whole
mountain shook under my feet. I have never moved so
quickly in all my life and it's all hell of a long way
down that mountain! A very frightened turkey, I count
myself "lucky". The thought of lahars on those steep
slopes struck major fear into me, but given the chance,
I would do it again. Just awaiting the day when
Ngauruhoe struts its stuff. Photographed lahars forming in
the Whangaehu River, lost a pair of boots to the
acidic waters in 1995. Aah yes all good stuff alright!
<br><br>Chris. J

Hi all<br><br>I was born in 1980, the same year
that Mount St Helens erupted brilliantly in. I
collapsed in 1989<br>with very high blood pressure and was
admitted to hospital. Because of my uncertain future my
parents were told to take me to see Mount St Helens
sometime in the next few years, because the doctors did
not know how long I would live (some said as little
as the age of 13). I went to<br>Mount St Helens in
1992 and was amazed by the sheer scale of the
devastation left behind. It was<br>truly awesome to put it
mildly to see and is always an inspiration to
me.<br><br>Volcanoes have played a huge role in my life. At primary
school, intermediate school, high school and now
university I always hoped of being able to gain a degree in
volcanology. I have read books on volcanoes, magazine
articles, seen videos, movies, rock collections, volcanoes
themselves and until this day have had only one BURNING
ambition - be a volcanologist.<br>And even if I get
injured, I cannot imagine life without them. I knew more
than my teachers at high school did about them and
knew enough that I was an automatic
reference.<br><br>The above is basically the origins of how I came
about to love, respect, fear, and admire volcanism when
I see it and hope for more substantial events on
the world stage.<br><br>Rob

Welcome to the Yahoo! Message Board for World Volcanism