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Agnet April 23/04 -- II
Syngenta, Monsanto test EU's ban on gene-altered food
Campaign launched for new EU rules on GM-free areas
Drug firms may grow Nebraska test crops
NCGA: IRM refuges are a must for Bt corn growers, compliance assurance program infractions may result in denied access to Bt technology in 2005
Flower market blooming with transgenic possibilities
Italians patent 'diet' bean
Disease threatens cucumbers, pumpkins, and other vine crops
Comprehensive review of pesticide research confirms dangers family doctors highlight link between pesticide exposure and serious illnesses and disease; children particularly vulnerable
Regulatory rulings and expert panel reviews clear the pesticide 2,4-D
Concerns raised over viability of organic sector
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Syngenta, Monsanto test EU's ban on gene-altered food
April 23, 2004
Bloomberg.com
http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000085&sid=a1JaKiLVtq4I&refer=europe
The European Union may, according to this story, ease a 6-year- old ban on genetically modified foods made by such companies as Monsanto Co., the biggest developer of the crops, at a meeting Monday and Tuesday of farm ministers from the 15 member countries.
The story says that the European Commission, the EU's regulatory arm, is asking the ministers to allow the import from the U.S. and elsewhere of a sweet-corn variety made by Syngenta AG. It is one of about 30 pending requests, including some for cultivation. Next up: a proposal to use Monsanto gene-altered corn in animal feed.
The Brussels-based commission says the two main conditions for approvals have been met: EU scientific studies show that biotech products are safe to eat, and consumers are ensured more information by new requirements that food with more than 0.9 percent genetic modification be labeled as such. The stricter EU labeling rules took effect on April 18.
Heinz Mueller, a chemicals analyst at DZ Bank AG in Frankfurt was cited as saying that EU approval of the corn produced by Basel, Switzerland-based Syngenta, the biggest maker of crop chemicals, would be an ``important signal'' for biotechnology companies, adding that, "People in Europe would begin to see that the products are normal. At the moment, people think the products are about as attractive as an atom bomb."
The story goes on to say that the commission also is asking national ministers to clear the import of a Monsanto gene-altered corn type for use in animal feed within two months of deciding on the sale of the Syngenta sweet corn in supermarkets. The Monsanto product, known as NK603 and tolerant of a herbicide made by the company, has also received EU scientific backing.
Tom McDermott, a Monsanto spokesman, was quoted as saying by phone from St. Louis that approval of either one of the two products would be a step in the right direction."
Campaign launched for new EU rules on GM-free areas
April 22, 2004
Friends of the Earth – Press Release
Wiltshire County Council has become the latest local authority in Britain to go GM free. All six county councils in the South West region have now passed policies opposing GM crops [1]. The news coincides with a Friends of the Earth campaign, launched today in Brussels, calling for new EU rules to allow local and regional authorities to ban GM crops from their areas. GM-free campaigns are now running in areas and regions in 16 current, and soon-to-be, EU countries [see fact sheet below].
Earlier this week Wiltshire confirmed that it had introduced policies to ensure that all council controlled catering is GM free and that new tenant farm agreements ban the growing of GM crops [2]. Over 14 million people across the UK now live in areas that have introduced policies rejecting GM food and crops.
The European Commission is already under pressure to allow regions and authorities to establish GM-free areas if GM crops are ever allowed to be commercially grown in Europe [3]. In January the Commission admitted that it would "be difficult to reject these attempts at establishing GM-free zones, which are driven by strong public local concern and economic considerations (such as protection of local traditional agriculture)" [4].
Friends of the Earth Europe has also launched a new website - www.gmofree-europe.org - to highlight the different GM-free initiatives in the various European regions representing tens of millions of people. Actions range from regions introducing local laws to ban cultivation, to public authorities lobbying both Europe and national Governments for legal protection.
Friends of the Earth's GM campaigner Clare Oxborrow said:
"Local and regional authorities across the UK and Europe are increasingly taking steps to keep their food, farming and environment free from GM pollution. The EU must take notice, and introduce new European legislation to enable these areas to stay GM-free if Europe ever makes the mistake of allowing GM crops be commercially grown."
GM Free South West Campaign Co-ordinator, Keith Hatch, added;
"This is great news for Wiltshire, the South West and the UK as a whole. Every county in the region has now taken steps to be GM Free, sending a very strong message to the government that the people of the South West want nothing to do with GM crops and the damage to the local economy and environment that they will undoubtedly cause."
Jean Saunders, of Wiltshire Friends of the Earth, said;
"Although we didn't know it, for the last eighteen months we have been pushing against an open door. We are delighted that Wiltshire County Council has taken positive action to reflect the concerns of the majority of local people who do not want to eat GM food and do not want GM crops contaminating the countryside."
Notes
1. www.gmfreebritain.com
2. In a separate move the South West Regional Assembly is to commission a report through its Regional Futures Group to look at the issue of GM crops. The group, which meet on the 15th April, will also look at the possibility of the region joining with other regions across Europe, including Wales and the Highlands, who wants the right to ban GM crops in their areas.
3. Campaigners are calling for EU rules to allow regions and local areas to blanket ban GM crops in their areas. Under current law (Article 19 of Directive 2001/18/EC), local authorities can apply, on a crop by crop basis, to get GM crops excluded from their geographical areas. To date 28 local authorities have committed to doing this.
4. Commission press release, 28 January 2004, GMOs: Commission takes stock of progress
FACT SHEET April 2004
GM-FREE EUROPE
The number of regions in the EU that want to ban the growing of GM crops is continuously growing. Initiatives have started in at least 22 European countries. This is summary of some of the most visible initiatives. For more information please go to www.gmofree-europe.org
Austria
Eight out of the nine Austrian provinces have now indicated that they want to go GMO-free. Over 100 municipalities have also signed a GMO-free resolution. The region of Upper Austria has passed a law making it a GMO-free zone. Five other provincial parliaments (Salzburg, Tirol, Burgenland, Steirmark and Lower Austria) have also demanded their governments to declare their province GMO-free.
Belgium
39 communities in the Flemish and 81 communities in the French speaking part of Belgium have declared themselves GMO-free.
France
In France more than one thousand majors have issued declarations of GMO-free status of their municipality. At a regional level, three regions have issued GM-free: Alpes de Haute Provence, Aquitaine and Limousin.
Greece
Currently 40 out of the 54 Greek prefectures have voted to declare their area GMO-free and nine more are in the process of doing so. The prefecture of Rhodope and the Drama Kavala - Xanthi County have joined the European Network of GM-Free regions.
Italy
More than 500 cities in Italy have taken a position against the use of GMOs in agriculture. The combined area of those communities that have already signed a resolution against GMOs and those that recently have indicated to ban GMOs means that nearly 80% of Italy's territory is declared GMO-free.
Slovenia
The Bio-region ALPE ADRIA, covers the whole area of Slovenia, the Austrian provinces of Carinthia and Styria and the Italian provinces of Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto. In June 2003, a joint GMO-free statement was signed by the presidents of organic farmers associations from these five Alpine regions.
UK
So far 44 areas (this includes:12 County councils, 9 Unitary authorities, 2 Metropolitan districts, 1 London Borough, 13 District councils, 2 National Parks Authorities, 5 Town/Parish councils) in England and 35 councils in
Wales have approved a GMO-free resolution, bringing the total UK population living in areas with a GMO-free policy to over 14 million.
Drug firms may grow Nebraska test crops
April 23, 2004
Omaha World-Herald
Chris Clayton
http://www.omaha.com/index.php?u_np=0&u_pg=46&u_sid=1075298
AMES, Iowa - The high plains of western Nebraska eventually could, according to this story, become a leader in growing test plots of pharmaceutical crops.
The story says that Iowa farmer Lon Crosby toured parts of Nebraska last week and took part in an economic development meeting in Imperial. Crosby is trying to gauge the potential of pharmaceutical crops outside the Corn Belt, which generally is considered to be centered in Iowa and Illinois, extending into portions of several other states, including eastern Nebraska.
Crosby was quoted as saying, "The pharmaceutical companies are going to the high-plain areas, regardless of what anyone wants. The question becomes, 'Where do they locate in the high plains?'"
Such crops could potentially create high-dollar farming operations on small tracts of land. Such operations also would draw scientists and pharmaceutical workers. Crosby and others said areas of the high plains could gain as many as 5,000 jobs as more companies develop pharmaceutical and industrial plants.
Crosby was one of about 180 participants at a symposium in Ames Thursday that focused on the risk of producing pharmaceutical crops from corn. Researchers are studying whether it is economically feasible to use corn, soybeans or other crops to produce proteins needed in drugs.
NCGA: IRM refuges are a must for Bt corn growers, compliance assurance program infractions may result in denied access to Bt technology in 2005
April 23, 2004
From a press release
ST. LOUIS -- As growers throughout the Corn Belt work through spring planting season, the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) encourages all farmers planting Bt corn borer resistant corn to implement insect resistant management (IRM) refuges to ensure they meet the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) IRM requirements. Growers who do not plant proper refuges along with their Bt corn risk losing access to this technology in the future.
For the first time, there may be growers who will be denied access to the Bt technology for the 2005 growing season if they do not meet the refuge requirements again in 2004. Under the Compliance Assurance Program (CAP) -- an EPA-approved IRM awareness and compliance program implemented in 2002 -- growers who have been found not meeting IRM refuge requirements in two consecutive years, can be denied access to Bt corn borer resistant corn in the third year.
As a CAP requirement, registrants of Bt corn borer resistant corn are responsible for evaluating the extent to which growers are adhering to IRM requirements through on-farm visits and an annual grower compliance survey.
Importance of IRM
Established in 1999, IRM refuge requirements were enacted to help prevent corn insect pests, such as the European corn borer, from developing resistance to Bt technology, enabling the technology to be used well into the future. According to these requirements, growers are obligated to plant at least a 20 percent refuge, with Bt corn fields located within one-half mile (preferably one-quarter mile) of the refuge. In certain corn/cotton areas of the South, growers are required to plant at least a 50 percent corn refuge.
"Research confirms that farmers growing the majority of Bt corn acres value the technology and are adhering to IRM requirements," said Helen Inman, NCGA Biotech Working Group chairman. "As efforts to elevate the importance of IRM and implementation of IRM practices continue to increase, so does grower compliance. Every effort is being made to provide growers with the right information so they can make informed-decisions that result in added value to their business -- economic and environmental. We do not want any grower to be deprived of this valuable technology."
According to the 2003 IRM grower compliance survey, 92 percent of farmers met regulatory requirements for IRM refuge size, while 93 percent met refuge distance requirements -- an increase from 87 and 82 percent reported respectively in 2000 when the survey began.
NCGA Online Learning Center for IRM
To help support IRM awareness efforts, NCGA recently launched the industry's first IRM online education center for growers -- the Insect Resistance Management Learning Center (IRMLC).
Developed by NCGA and the Agricultural Biotechnology Stewardship Committee (ABSTC) -- a coalition of the four Bt corn borer registrants -- the IRMLC provides a comprehensive overview on the principles of IRM.
Available free-of-charge at www.ncga.com , the IRMLC provides corn growers access to training on several topics, including IRM, Compliance Assurance Program (CAP), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Corn Borer, and Corn Rootworm. Within each section, users of the IRMLC can complete a series of questions to reinforce their knowledge. Upon satisfactory completion, the user can print out a certificate of completion.
The NCGA also suggests growers consult with their seed dealers and seed company representatives to help ensure they understand IRM requirements. Growers also can visit the "Know Before You Grow" section of www.ncga.com for more information on Bt corn and the IRM requirements.
The Agricultural Biotechnology Stewardship Technical Committee (ABSTC) includes Bt corn registrants Dow AgroSciences; Monsanto Company; Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., A DuPont Company; and Syngenta Seeds, Inc. The committee is working with the EPA to enforce IRM compliance. The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) and the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), along with various seed companies and universities, all support the Committee's IRM compliance efforts. For additional information on biotechnology, go to www.ncga.com .
National Corn Growers Association
Flower market blooming with transgenic possibilities
April 23, 2004
Nikkei News
TOKYO (Nikkei)--Blue chrysanthemums and speckled carnations are, according to this story, just two of the unique kinds of flowers that are heading to market thanks to clever manipulations using genetic engineering techniques.
The story says that companies like Suntory Ltd. and Kirin Brewery Co. (2503) stand to reap huge profits in the cut flower business, where the markets for roses and carnations are huge and the one for chrysanthemums reigns supreme with annual sales in excess of 100 billion yen.
Suntory already markets a recombinant carnation and is progressing with development of a recombinant rose. But recently it also succeeded in genetically engineering a blue chrysanthemum. The work was carried out in cooperation with the National Institute of Floricultural Science and the Nara Institute of Science and Technology.
Italians patent 'diet' bean
April 22, 2004
Zoomata News
Nicole Martinelli
http://www.zoomata.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1036
Proving once again that politics touch everything in Italy, scientists, according to this story, patented a genetically-modified bean containing a substance commonly used in diet pills naming it "Silvio" after Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.
The story explains that scientists at the National Research Center in Milan genetically modified a kidney bean to remove phytohemagglutinin, a toxic substance, from phaseolamin a common ingredient in starch blockers made from bean extract.
Diet pills made with the recently-patented bean won't be hitting the shelves anytime soon but the controversy is bound to linger.
Italian media had a field day with implications of the name, speculating on whether it referred to the leader's somewhat portly appearance or his height.
Disease threatens cucumbers, pumpkins, and other vine crops
April 23, 2004
American Phytopathological Society – Press Release
Plant pathologists with The American Phytopathological Society (APS) are reporting a significant increase in the occurrence of Phytophthora blight of vine crops, including cucumbers, pumpkins, and squash, in many vegetable-growing regions of the United States. This devastating disease, caused by a soilborne pathogen called Phytophthora capsici, often results in nearly total yield loss.
According to Mohammad Babadoost, a plant pathology professor at the University of Illinois, Phytophthora blight has become one of the most serious threats to production of vine crops, or cucurbits, both in the United States and worldwide.
"Recent outbreaks of Phytophthora blight have threatened pumpkin and other cucurbit industries in Illinois, where approximately 90 percent of processing pumpkins produced in the U.S. are grown," said Babadoost. "Because of heavy crop losses, growers often have to abandon their own farms and move into different areas, sometimes traveling more than 50 miles, to find fields not infested with Phytophthora capsici," said Babadoost.
Phytophthora blight can strike cucurbit plants at any stage of growth. The infection usually appears first in low areas of the fields where the soil remains wet for longer periods of time. The pathogen infects seedlings, vines, leaves, and fruit.
The disease is usually associated with heavy rainfall, excessive-irrigation, or poorly drained soil. Frequent irrigation increases the incidence of the disease.
Currently, there are no cucurbit cultivars with measurable resistance to Phytophthora blight. Plant pathologists are working to find new methods of controlling this disease. "In addition to exploring cultural management strategies, plant pathologists are assessing the possibilities of using induced resistance in plants, biocontrol agents, and fungicides for control of this disease in cucurbits and other crops," said Babadoost.
More on this subject including details on the disease, the pathogen that causes it, and current control methods can be found in this month’s APS feature article at http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/cucurbit/. The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is a non-profit, professional scientific organization dedicated to the study and management of plant disease with 5,000 members worldwide.
Comprehensive review of pesticide research confirms dangers family doctors highlight link between pesticide exposure and serious illnesses and disease; children particularly vulnerable
April 23, 2004
From a press release
TORONTO - The Ontario College of Family Physicians (OCFP) is strongly recommending that people reduce their exposure to pesticides wherever possible after releasing a comprehensive review of research on the effects of pesticides on human health. Released today, the review shows consistent links to serious illnesses such as cancer, reproductive problems and neurological diseases, among others. The study also shows that children are particularly vulnerable to pesticides.
The review found consistent evidence of the health risks to patients with exposure to pesticides. "Many of the health problems linked with pesticide use are serious and difficult to treat - so we are advocating reducing exposure to pesticides and prevention of harm as the best approach", said Dr. Margaret Sanborn of McMaster University, one of the review's authors.
Principle Findings of the Review:
Many studies reviewed by the Ontario College show positive associations between solid tumours and pesticide exposure, including brain cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer and pancreatic cancer, among others.
Previous studies have pointed to certain pesticides, such as 2,4-D and related pesticides, as possible precipitants of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and the findings of the College's review are clearly consistent with this.
It is clear from the review that an association exists between pesticide exposure and leukemia. According to the College, the implication of pesticides in the development of leukemia warrants further investigation and also, political action.
The review team uncovered a remarkable consistency of findings of nervous system effects of pesticide exposures.
Occupational exposure to agricultural chemicals may be associated with adverse reproductive effects including: birth defects, fetal death and intrauterine growth retardation.
Pesticide Effects and Children:
Children are constantly exposed to low levels of pesticides in their food and environment, yet there have been few studies on the long-term effects of these exposures. Nevertheless, the College reviewed several studies that found associations between pesticide exposures and cancer in children. Key findings include:
An elevated risk of kidney cancer was associated with paternal pesticide exposure through agriculture, and four studies found associations with brain cancer.
Several studies in the review implicate pesticides as a cause of hematologic tumours in children, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia.
Some children have overall increased risk of acute leukemia if exposed to pesticides in utero or during childhood, especially for exposure to insecticides and herbicides used on lawns, fruit trees and gardens, and for indoor control of insects.
What the Public Should Do:
Given the wide range of commonly used home and garden products associated with health effects, the College's overall message to patients is to avoid exposure to all pesticides whenever and wherever possible. This includes reducing both occupational exposures, as well as lower level exposures that occur from the use of pesticides in homes, gardens and public green space. The College also advocates exposure reduction techniques such as:
Researching and implementing alternative organic methods of lawn and garden care and indoor pest control.
Proper use of personal protection equipment, including respirators for home and occupational exposures.
Education on safe handling, mixing, storage and application when pesticide use is considered necessary.
What Family Physicians Should Do:
In the wake of this systemic review, the College is advocating that family physicians take the following measures:
Screen patients for pesticides exposure at a level that may cause significant health problems, and intervene if necessary.
Take patient pesticide exposure history when non-specific symptoms are present - such as fatigue, dizziness, low energy, rashes, weaknesses, sleep problems, anxiety, depression.
Focus efforts on prevention rather than on researching the causes of chronic or terminal disease.
Consider high-risk groups (e.g. children, pregnant women, seniors) in their practices.
Advocate reduction or pesticide risk/use to individual patients.
Advocate reduction of pesticide risk/use in the community, schools, hospitals and to governments.
The Ontario College of Family Physicians is a provincial chapter of the College of Family Physicians of Canada and is a voluntary, not-for-profit association that promotes family medicine in Ontario through leadership, education and advocacy. The OCFP represents more than 6,700 family physicians providing care for remote, rural, suburban, urban and inner-city populations in Ontario. The OCFP is the voice of family medicine in Ontario. At the heart of the organization is the building and maintenance of high standards of practice and the continuous improvement of access to quality family practice services for all residents of Ontario.
NOTE TO EDITORS: The OCFP Study is available on the Ontario College's website at www.ocfp.on.ca
Regulatory rulings and expert panel reviews clear the pesticide 2,4-D
April 23, 2004
From a press release
OTTAWA - In responding to the report released by the Ontario College of Family Physicians today, the Industry Task Force II on 2,4-D Research Data today reminds the medical community that several recent regulatory rulings and expert panel reviews clear the pesticide 2,4-D.
Since 1986, more than a dozen government and independent expert panels, including the Canadian Centre for Toxicology review conducted for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, World Health Organization and European Commission, have concluded that 2,4-D does not pose an unreasonable risk to human health when used according to label instructions.
"The decisions of several regulatory agencies and expert panel reviews simply do not support the allegations that 2,4-D causes cancer or poses a risk to human health", stated Donald Page, Executive Director of the Task Force. "As recently as last December, the New Zealand Environmental Risk Management Authority published their finding that determined that 2,4-D is not a carcinogen."
To illustrate just one glaring mistake, on page 2 the report claims that 2,4-D was developed "to eradicate the Japanese rice crop" during World War II. The fact is, around the world 2,4-D is widely used to protect rice from yield destroying invasive weeds. To this day, Japanese rice growers use the product extensively.
"What is most interesting about this latest report by the Ontario College of Family Physicians is that it completely ignores the decisions of authorities like the World Health Organization and recent studies by the U.S. National Cancer Institute", added Page. "Where we do find common ground is the need to improve our understanding of the actual exposure of children and other bystanders to domestic use pesticides."
Research undertaken in 1991 for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment by the Canadian Centre for Toxicology at the University of Guelph found that there is no exposure to bystanders. The researchers concluded: "Most risks associated with occupational or bystander exposure to 2,4-D are low, especially when compared to other risks taken in life."
About 2,4-D
Since being first registered in Canada in 1946, the herbicide 2,4-D has become the most widely used agricultural herbicide in this country and worldwide. It is used on many crops that are an important element of an individual's diet such as wheat, barley, rice, soybeans, potatoes, and pome, stone and citrus fruits. It is also a component of herbicides used by lawn care professionals and homeowners to protect turf grass from weeds.
Since 1986, more than a dozen government and expert panels, including the Canadian Centre for Toxicology review conducted for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, World Health Organization, European Commission, Harvard University School of Public Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, have concluded that 2,4-D does not pose an unreasonable risk to human health or the environment when used according to label instructions.
About the Task Force
The Industry Task Force II on 2,4-D Research Data is organized under U.S. pesticide law to provide funding for some 300 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) research studies required to respond to the Canadian and U.S. pesticide re- evaluation programs. The 2,4-D Task Force is made up of those companies owning the technical Canadian and U.S. registrations on the active ingredient in 2,4-D herbicides. They are Dow AgroSciences (U.S.), Nufarm, Ltd. (Australia) and Agro-Gor Corp., a U.S. corporation jointly owned by Atanor, S.A. (Argentina) and PBI Gordon Corp. (U.S.).
Concerns raised over viability of organic sector
April 22, 2004
The Scotsman
Vic Robertson
Industry observers were cited as saying that organic farmers and growers still have some way to go to win the hearts, minds and, in particular, the cash of consumers, fearing the sector is in danger of developing a stop-go economy, leading to a producer exodus.
David Younie, of SAC Aberdeen, was quoted as saying, "We are concerned that we are not in a stable situation as regards supply and demand. There was an explosion in supply between 2000 and 2002 and while demand has increased, it is slowing down. I am concerned that some producers will become disillusioned and decide to quit at the end of the five-year conversion period and return to conventional production. I suspect that will happen with many hill sheep producers in Scotland, who may be producing store cattle as well. We could go from a surplus of organic store lambs to a shortage for finishing. At the same time, we have the Scottish Executive encouraging low ground producers to convert, with higher conversion payments for arable land. We could have more low ground producers looking for store animals in two years’ time and there won’t be enough. So we will be on this roller coaster of supply from excess to shortage and that will not be good for the sector. What we need is a balance."
Younie and Dr Nic Lampkin, of the Welsh Organic Centre, feel that maintenance payments designed to encourage organic producers to stay in business after conversion will not deliver.
Agnet is produced by the Food Safety Network at the University of Guelph and is sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Plants Program at the University of Guelph, Agricultural Adaptation Council (CanAdapt Program), AGCare, Canadian Council of Grocery Distributors, ConAgra Foods Inc., Meat Livestock Australia, Pioneer Hi-Bred Limited (Canada), Monsanto Canada, National Pork Board, Syngenta Seeds, Inc. USA, JIFSAN, CropLife Canada, Canadian Animal Health Institute, Burger King Corporation, Southern Crop Protection Association, Ag-West Biotech Inc., Ontario Agri-Food Technologies, Syngenta Crop Protection, Feedlot Health Management Services, Institute of Environmental Science Research Limited , National Food Processors Association, Tactix Government Consulting, Inc., CanAmera Foods, Global Public Affairs, and Agri Business Group, Inc.
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