Referring back to my original request on variogram modeling, I should
again thank the list member for their great collaboration. Something which
is still not clear to me is some aspect of question 3 and even the list
were silent on that aspect. I will reiterate it in another format to see
if I could possibly receive some help.

Obviously enough, if the spatial pattern is isotropic, then the variogram
is direction invariant. However, if the spatial pattern is anisotropic
(such as zonal or geometric anisotropic), then still a single variogram
could be defined but with more work which will look after the variation in
the behaviour of variogram in all directions.

In summary, if one wants to make a link between the content of chapter 16
in Isaaks and Srivastava and anisotropic parameter (i.e., anis) in GSLIB,
then how that link in terms of understanding could be made?

By reading chapter 20 of "Handbook of applied hydrology" (Maidment, ed.),
I was advised to look at the following paper:

Gelhar, L. W., and C. L. Axness, "Three-dimensional stochastic analysis of
macrodispersion", WRR, vol. 19, no. 1., pp. 161-180, 1983.

After reading two or three pages of that paper, I forgot what my
original question was.

Anyway, your comments in that regard is greatly appreciated.

Best of luck.
Abedini
                       \|||/
                       (o o)
+=================oOO==(_)==OOo=================+
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
|__|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|__|__|__|
|_____|                                   |_____|
|__|__| Mohammad J. Abedini               |__|__|
|_____| School of Engineering             |_____|
|_____| University of Guelph              |_____|
|_____| Guelph  Ont, N1G 2W1              |_____|
|__|__| Tel.:(519) 824-4120 ext. 4321 (W) |__|__|
|__|__| Tel.:(519) 821-1199           (H) |__|__|
|_____| Fax :(519) 836-0227               |_____|
|_____| e-mail: mabedini@...      |_____|
|__|__|___________________________________|__|__|
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
+===============================================+
The world is your exercise-book, the pages on which you do your sums.
You are also free to write nonsense, or lies, or to tear the pages.

                                                                Richard Bach







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Is there a terminology so called "effective range"? I mean if the spatial
pattern has a single variogram structure, then the range (i.e., parameter
a) could be read off from either the variogram mathematical model or from
the graphical display. How about the case when the spatial pattern has
more one variogram structure. If there is such a terminology, then how one
could possibly calculate it for a multi-structure variogram model?

Any pointer in that regard is greatly appreciated.

Best of luck.
Abedini
                       \|||/
                       (o o)
+=================oOO==(_)==OOo=================+
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
|__|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|__|__|__|
|_____|                                   |_____|
|__|__| Mohammad J. Abedini               |__|__|
|_____| School of Engineering             |_____|
|_____| University of Guelph              |_____|
|_____| Guelph  Ont, N1G 2W1              |_____|
|__|__| Tel.:(519) 824-4120 ext. 4321 (W) |__|__|
|__|__| Tel.:(519) 821-1199           (H) |__|__|
|_____| Fax :(519) 836-0227               |_____|
|_____| e-mail: mabedini@...      |_____|
|__|__|___________________________________|__|__|
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
+===============================================+
The world is your exercise-book, the pages on which you do your sums.
You are also free to write nonsense, or lies, or to tear the pages.

                                                                Richard Bach








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To whom it may concern
	 Please erase my email count from list, because is difficult to me
review each message that I recived every day. Sometimes I do not kwow
what are talking about
	 Thank
	 adavila@...
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In response to Abedini's question on effective range:

1) As a rough measure, some people take the intercept between the variance
    of the data and the variogram as the "effective range." Doesn't always
    work; the variance might not intercept the variogram. Also, some
    human judgment need to be applied; not any intercept makes sense (e.g.,
    power law behavior, presence of a drift, etc).

2) You can eyeball the range; there is nothing wrong with this. This is
    probably better than (1).

3) The minute you have "nested" structures, you potentially might have
    different heirachies of variability in your data. Maybe you can explain
    the physics behind this; maybe you wouldn't be able to. But it always
    pays to know why you have such behavior. E.g., when you have different
    ranges, are they because: of a laminae system, which makes up a bedset,
    which further makes up a sequence?

4) Keep the model variograms simple. Using just one model usually suffices.
    No need to model every kink in the sample variograms. Get the major
    features right (early behavior, sill, and range) by using one model.
    Keep in mind the parameters that would most affect your kriging results
    and work with these parameters. Maybe you're using a small search
    neighborhood and modeling the smaller lags correctly is more important
    in your study. Maybe you wouldn't even need a "correct" range.

5) The same applies to anisotropy. Is it really going to affect your
    predictions? How about using the same variogram and trying out an
    anisotropic search neighborhood? Use more samples in your predictions
    along the major axis of anisotropy.

6) Why would something be anisotropic? Know the "why" is usually more
    important than modeling the anisotropy blindly. Knowing the "why"
    guarantees that your predictions would make sense. Not knowing the
    "why" doesn't guarantee anything. In fact your predictions could be
    garbage.It's always good to make sure that the "anisotropy" is not
    an artifact of the data itself.

Regards, Syed
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I am currently teaching a topics course in spatial statistics at the advanced
undergraduate/beginning graduate level at George Mason University. This is the
second time that I have taught the course and we are using the book by Bailey
and Gatrell as the primary reference along with the S+ spatial package as a
compute engine. In addition the students can buy Cressie's book as an optional
reference. The focus of the course is primarily data analysis in flavor and
hence I am always looking for interesting data sets. The course provides an
introductory treatment to point data, lattice data, geostatistical data, and
spatial interaction data.

I would appreciate pointers from the group on good data sets that are net
accessible. One of my areas of interest is in epidemeological data so pointers
in that area will be particularly appreciated.

Thanks in advance for any and all help in this area.

jeff
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On Tue, 21 Jan 1997 jsolka@... wrote:

> I am currently teaching a topics course in spatial statistics at the advanced
> undergraduate/beginning graduate level at George Mason University. This is the
> second time that I have taught the course and we are using the book by Bailey
> and Gatrell as the primary reference along with the S+ spatial package as a
> compute engine. In addition the students can buy Cressie's book as an optional
> reference. The focus of the course is primarily data analysis in flavor and
> hence I am always looking for interesting data sets. The course provides an
> introductory treatment to point data, lattice data, geostatistical data, and
> spatial interaction data.
>
> I would appreciate pointers from the group on good data sets that are net
> accessible. One of my areas of interest is in epidemeological data so pointers
> in that area will be particularly appreciated.
>
jeff, an exercise that i find useful is to take an exhaustive data set,
such as a satellite image of NDVI, and pull out a series of random
subsets. give these to the class to calc variograms, fit models, & krige
-- but don't tell them what the data are. then gather the results & compare
them against the "truth". useful lessons are to be gained about sampling,
scale, and challenges of nonstationarity.

not exactly to your point, but within range ;)

tchau, geoff

---------------------------------------------------------------
Geoffrey M. Henebry              Assistant Professor
Dept. of Biological Sciences     (201) 648-5053 (voice)
Rutgers University               (201) 648-5518 (fax)
Newark, NJ 07102  USA            henebry@...

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We are studying deforestation in the State of Campeche (South east of
   Mexico). Overlaying two forest maps of different dates, we generated
  a digital map which represents the evolution of forest areas. Classes
  of this digital map are non forested areas, unchanged forest areas
  and deforested areas. As a following step, we tried to find out the
  relationship between deforestation and environmental and
  socioeconomic factors such as distance from settlements and
  characteristics of the population.

  Socioeconomic data we used are organized by localities (data are
  given for each settlement), the problem is how to deal with both
  point data and surface data within a GIS. In order to represent the
  influence of a settlement on its environment we developed a simple
  model which is based on two simplifying assumptions: the influence of
  a settlement a) depends on its characteristics and b) decreases with
  the distance from it.

  In order to develop the model, localization of each settlements was
  captured in a point cover, then the settlements point cover was
  converted to a grid using. The value assigned to
  the grid cells was the value of a selected property (for example
  number of people of the settlement) according to the point of its
  overlay. If no points fell within the cell, a zero value was
  assigned. Then a low pass filter was applied to the grid. The size of
  the filter and the coefficients used to weight the average towards
  the pixels were derived from the function that described the
  relationship between deforestation and distance from settlements
  pointed out in a previous step. Several layers were generated
  developing the model with different socioeconomic features. Values of
  the model layers were then grouped into ten classes representing
  similar area and rate of deforestation was calculated for each of
  them. Coefficient of correlation between the values of the model and
  the rates of deforestation were calculated. Analysis of the
  coefficients of correlation allows to determinate the relative
  influence of the different socioeconomic characteristics we
  integrated in the model on deforestation rates.

I have some doubts about the model and the interpretation of the
results: a) linear correlation is not always the more appropriate to
estimate the relationship between the variables,is there a better way
to estimate relation between two variables ? b) the studied
socioeconomic variables presented correlation between them, there is a
way to separate them ? c) the variable the model deals with is a
combination of a sociological variable and the distance (because of
the filtering), can be the variable "distance" be eliminated to
analyze the pure socioeconomic variable ? Any suggestions or
references  about how to deal with socioeconomic point data and modeling
  influence of populated areas on its environment are welcome.


*************************************************
Jean-Francois Mas
Laboratorio de Percepcion remota y SIG
Programa EPOMEX
Universidad Autonoma de Campeche
AP 520  CP 24030 CAMPECHE, CAMP, MEXICO

Tel (52) (981) 11600
Fax (52) (981) 65954

E-mail jeanfmas@...
WWW : epomex.uacam.mx
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Please can you delete every email address with geocentro.com
--
Saludos
Alfonso Davila de Icaza
Sistemas de Informacion Geografica S.A de C.V
Tel +52-5-5752190
Fax +52-5-5752146
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Pierre PETITGAS wrote:
>
> Bonjour everyone,
>
> I want to produce a Dirichlet mosaic associated to a given set of points in
> space. I have not been able to find the algorithm. Does someone know of a
> reference where it is described?
>
> Thanks for your help. Pierre.


Bonjour Pierre,


Some references can be found in Computers & Geosciences, with code in
FORTRAN 77 if i remember correctly. I'll give you the list another day if
you want it. In France, "Computers & Geosciences" is available at LYON 1
University (Villeurbanne) from 1987 to present and, of course, at the
library of "GEOLOGIE RECHERCHE" of PARIS 6 University (at JUSSIEU) from the
first issue (1975 i presume) to present.


Salutations courtoises


Philippe AUBRY

Laboratoire de Biometrie
UMR CNRS 5558
Universite Claude Bernard - Lyon 1
43 bd. du 11 Novembre 1918
69622 VILLEURBANNE Cedex
FRANCE

private fax number :  04.72.74.47.46

e-mail : paubry@...



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I have a small pascal program that produces a few triangles using (I think)
10 points. I could find it if you like.

Jim


      ______________________________ Reply Separator
      _________________________________
      Subject: GEOSTATS: Re: Dirichlet mosaic
      Author:  owner-ai-geostats@...@INTERNET@MAILGW at
      DECPostmaster
      Date:    23/01/97 2:07 PM


      Pierre PETITGAS wrote:
      >
      > Bonjour everyone,
      >
      > I want to produce a Dirichlet mosaic associated to a given set of
      points in > space. I have not been able to find the algorithm. Does
      someone know of a
      > reference where it is described?
      >
      > Thanks for your help. Pierre.


      Bonjour Pierre,


      Some references can be found in Computers & Geosciences, with code in
      FORTRAN 77 if i remember correctly. I'll give you the list another day
      if you want it. In France, "Computers & Geosciences" is available at
      LYON 1 University (Villeurbanne) from 1987 to present and, of course,
      at the library of "GEOLOGIE RECHERCHE" of PARIS 6 University (at
      JUSSIEU) from the first issue (1975 i presume) to present.


      Salutations courtoises


      Philippe AUBRY

      Laboratoire de Biometrie
      UMR CNRS 5558
      Universite Claude Bernard - Lyon 1
      43 bd. du 11 Novembre 1918
      69622 VILLEURBANNE Cedex
      FRANCE

      private fax number :  04.72.74.47.46

      e-mail : paubry@...


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*****************************************
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   StatSci Europe is holding a one day S-PLUS JUMP START Course on 25/03/97
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Gregoire Dubois (PhD student)   Tel. 39-332-78.99.44
Joint Research Centre         Fax. 39-332-78.54.66
Environment Inst. TP 321 Email: gregoire.dubois@...
I-21020 Ispra (Va), ITALY URL: http://java.ei.jrc.it/rem/gregoire/
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I'm new to this list.  Being trained as neither geographer nor statistician, I
trust that the following request is within the guidelines of this domain .

I'm seeking information on individuals and groups utilizing GIS  to identify
crime trends and patterns.   Leads on  those  engaged in theoretical as well
as practical applications are appreciated.

Any suggestions regarding appropriate literature on GIS applications in
policing and other types of emergency services would be welcome.

Regards,


Gene Evans, Chair
Department of Criminal Justice
Camden County College
Blackwood, NJ 08012
voice 609/227/7200/ ext 4623
fax 609/374/4889
email  cjprof@...
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Eugene J. Evans. Jr. wrote:

> I'm seeking information on individuals and groups utilizing GIS  to identify
> crime trends and patterns.   Leads on  those  engaged in theoretical as well
> as practical applications are appreciated.

A recent issue of ArcNews (get it for free from ESRI) had lots of
articles concerning GIS and crime-pattern analysis.

--
osv/osl...

    Wendelin Reich                                       wreich@...
    Dept. of Economic Geography              Tel (Job):  +49-551-398088
    Geographisches Institut der              Tel (priv.): +49-551-35906
    Universitaet Goettingen
    D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
----------------------------------------------------------------------
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He cannot make a worm; yet he makes Gods by the dozen.
                                                              Montaigne

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geographer, in doing my first year geography again,  I was given an example
of the crook who used to rob the corner store and his distance of
operation. This has changed with the changing distance of society in
general because of the automobile.  Likewise the placing of stores has
changed with the super store now needing a large catchment area.  This is
economically driven,  this change.

   I have also spent time wondering about the application of computer to
ambulance services.
As our ability to make computer maps improves so too,  these is application
of automation to fleet services.

But this is all theory to me,  although it improves my thinking when I
volunteer in crowd management at large events here in Ottawa,  Canada.





>I'm new to this list.  Being trained as neither geographer nor statistician, I
>trust that the following request is within the guidelines of this domain .
>
>I'm seeking information on individuals and groups utilizing GIS  to identify
>crime trends and patterns.   Leads on  those  engaged in theoretical as well
>as practical applications are appreciated.
>
>Any suggestions regarding appropriate literature on GIS applications in
>policing and other types of emergency services would be welcome.
>
>Regards,
>
>
>Gene Evans, Chair
>Department of Criminal Justice
>Camden County College
>Blackwood, NJ 08012
>voice 609/227/7200/ ext 4623
>fax 609/374/4889
>email  cjprof@...
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>of any useful responses to your questions.

Peter Timusk/Cyberpoet/ e mail at timusk@...
Visit my home page....http://www.magi.com/~timusk/   photos&bios available.
Mina Namii Peter.  Harjutus teeb meistriks.


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Hi,

I need statistical software for my study. I would appreciate
it very much if anyone let me know where I can find available
one on the net.


Thanks in advance


Yiqiu Yao

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Dear Collegue,
I just wonder if it is possible to get a list of those 14 short courses and
workshops that  you mention  in the 3rd Announcement IAMG'97.

Yours
Lars Rahm


___________________________________________________________________________
Prof. Lars Rahm Linkoping University  Phone: +46 13 28 25 54
		 Dept. of Water & Env. Stud. Fax:   +46 13 13 36 30
		 S-581 83 Linkoping  Email: larra@...
		 SWEDEN
___________________________________________________________________________

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I know of some sites who are using the Stat! disease clustering software to
detect space-time clusters of crime.  A `case' is defined as the location
(x,y coordinate) and time of the crime, and the researchers use statistical
methods to determine whether crime clusters by place and/or time.  One of
these researchers I think is Sarah McClafferty (spelling might be wrong)
at Queens college.  The Stat! software is described at http://ic.net/~biomware.

>
>>I'm new to this list.  Being trained as neither geographer nor statistician, I
>>trust that the following request is within the guidelines of this domain .
>>
>>I'm seeking information on individuals and groups utilizing GIS  to identify
>>crime trends and patterns.   Leads on  those  engaged in theoretical as well
>>as practical applications are appreciated.
>>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ Geoffrey M. Jacquez      ~
~ BioMedware               ~
~ 516 North State Street   ~
~ Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1236 ~
~ (313) 913-1098           ~
~ (313) 913-2201 fax       ~
~ Jacquez@...   ~
~ http://ic.net/~biomware  ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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> methods to determine whether crime clusters by place and/or time.  One of
> these researchers I think is Sarah McClafferty (spelling might be wrong)
> at Queens college.  The Stat! software is described at
http://ic.net/~biomware.

Just for the record: Its Sara McLafferty, at Hunter College.

Sincerely, chuck

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695 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021
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Dear Geostatitians

We are wanting to undertake research on the different types of
spatial statistics that can be undertaken on geodemographic
information. Any suggestions on references, bulletin boards,
curricula, WWW pages, papers or the like where we can get equations
or information would be appreciated.

Thanking you in advance.

Craig A. Schwabe
Head GIS Unit
Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)
P.O. Box 17302
Congella
South Africa
4013
Tel: (031) 815 970
Fax: (031) 812 040
E-Mail: cas@...
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Roberto Avila wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> I'm looking for some reference on environmental impact assessment related to
> build a refinery at a port.  It could be related to some research using
> geostatistic tools or other methods of evaluation.  Thank you.
>
> RA
>

Greetings to all,

lots of online GIS papers can be found at the
http://wwwsgi.ursus.maine.edu/gisweb/

It is the homepage of Spatial Odyssey:

Spatial Odyssey is a collaborative effort to provide access to the full text of
GIS conference
proceeding articles. Leading professional organizations involved in publishing
GIS conference
proceedings are contributing files for the years 1994 and forward. The current
full-text database
covers only the 1994 conference proceedings.

You can also check the AI-GEOSTATS biblio WWW page at

  http://java.ei.jrc.it/rem/gregoire/biblio.html

where I put on a regular basis links to online full papers.


best regards,


Gregoire

<gregoire.dubois@...>
<Moderator of the ai-geostats mailing list>
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Hi all,

I'm looking for some reference on environmental impact assessment related to
build a refinery at a port.  It could be related to some research using
geostatistic tools or other methods of evaluation.  Thank you.

RA

_________________________________________________________________________

Roberto Avila                                Research projects:
Ph.D. Graduate Research Assistant               Artificial intelligence
University of Idaho                             Geostatistics
Forest Resources Department                     GIS/RS
Moscow, ID 83844-1133
Tel: (208) 885-6242
Fax: (208) 885-6226
E-mail: avil8741@...
_________________________________________________________________________

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Eugene J. Evans. Jr. wrote:
>
> I'm new to this list.  Being trained as neither geographer nor statistician, I
> trust that the following request is within the guidelines of this domain .
>
> I'm seeking information on individuals and groups utilizing GIS  to identify
> crime trends and patterns.   Leads on  those  engaged in theoretical as well
> as practical applications are appreciated.
>
> Any suggestions regarding appropriate literature on GIS applications in
> policing and other types of emergency services would be welcome.
>
> Regards,
>
> Gene Evans, Chair
> Department of Criminal Justice
> Camden County College
> Blackwood, NJ 08012
> voice 609/227/7200/ ext 4623
> fax 609/374/4889
> email  cjprof@...
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> of any useful responses to your questions.

Greetings,

at

http://wwwsgi.ursus.maine.edu/gisweb/spatdb/gis-lis/gi94001.html


you will find a paper about


                           CRIME PATTERN ANALYSIS USING GIS

Monica Alexander
Department of Criminal Justice
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Charlotte, NC 28223

Wei-Ning Xiang
Department of Geography and Earth Science
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Charlotte, NC 28223

                                                 ABSTRACT

In North Carolina, a new state crime bill was recently passed by the state
legislature.
It requests, among many other tasks, state and local government agencies conduct
in-depth
studies on the multiple crime characteristics and their relations with
population
features. Criminological research of this kind is by no means an easy task. It
has
been hindered in its attempts to accurately identify spatial and temporal
patterns
of crimes and effectively associate these patterns with demographic profiles.
Presented in
this paper is a case study that applied GIS to the identification of crime
patterns in the
Charlotte, North Carolina, urban area. With GIS capabilities, the time series
and spatial
patterns of murder were accurately identified and effectively presented.


The SpaceStat software (http://lambik2.rri.wvu.edu/spacestat.htm)
from Luc Anselin has also a sample data set about crime data.
(dowloadable)


Columbus Neighborhood Crime Data

Variables: 18 variables on crime and spatial attributes

Unit of Analysis: 49 neighborhoods in Columbus, OH, USA

Date: 1980

Source: Anselin, Luc (1988). Spatial Econometrics, Methods and Models.
Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic. Table 12.1 p. 189

File Format: ZIP

Files Included: Ascii data file, Ascii boundary file, Gauss Data Set,
2 Contiguity Weights, ArcInfo Export File, ArcView Shapefile, Documentation

Where: anonymous ftp to lambik2.rri.wvu.edu


I don't know if anything has been published on these data.

Hope this help,

Best regards,


Gregoire
--
Gregoire Dubois (PhD student)   Tel. 39-332-78.99.44
Joint Research Centre         Fax. 39-332-78.54.66
Environment Inst. TP 321 Email: gregoire.dubois@...
I-21020 Ispra (Va), ITALY URL: http://java.ei.jrc.it/rem/gregoire/
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I have two questions regarding indicator simulation:

1. What role does the sill play when simulating categorical data (e.g.
sisimpdf.for, from gslib)?  As nodes are created the probability that
each node will fall into a category is a function of the kriging weights
and the post. prob (eq. V.33 gslib). Page 170 of the gslib manual says:
"There is no need to standardize the parameters to a sill of one since
only the relative shape affects the kriging weights."  Therefore, for a
given range and nugget would various sill values alter the simulation?

2. After reading some of the previous email listings from this
newsgroup, I noticed someone asked about an errata to the gslib manual.
I found a possible error in the calculation of the rotation matrix in
sisimpdf.f routine.  Using the parameters ang1=45, ang2=-45
ang3=0,anis1=1.0, anis2=0.1 for a 3d realization, I was unable to
produce dips of 45 degrees.  The stikes (ang1) were produced correctly,
but the dips were vertical and any change to ang2 had little or no
effect on the dips.  I recoded the calculation of the rotation matrix
according to Gendzwill and Stauffer, 1981, table 1 (see gslib ref 57)
and the dips were then modeled correctly.  Is there a problem in the way
I am specifying the rotation angles in the original version or is there
an error in the code?

thanks.

--
Greg Pohll
Post Doc

*****************************************
Desert Research Institute
Water Resources Center
P.O. Box 60220
Reno, NV 89506
Voice: (702) 674-7523
FAX:   (702) 673-7397
Email: pohll@...
*****************************************
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*********************************************************************
*               Postdoctoral Research Fellow (Level A)              *
*                                IN                                 *
*                                                                   *
*                         MINING ENGINEERING                        *
*             Mine Planning and/or Mining Geostatistics             *
*********************************************************************

The W.H. Bryan Mining Research Centre currently has a number of postdoctoral
research positions available.

ABOUT THE CENTRE...

The W.H. Bryan Mining Geology Research Centre (BRC) is a joint venture
between the Department of Mining, Minerals and Materials Engineering and the
Earth Sciences Department at the University of Queensland.

Current areas of applied research include:
         - Geostatistics
         - Mine planning, design and optimisation
         - In-mine Geophysics
         - Mineral project evaluation and mineral investment
         - Resourse Assessment and GIS


POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH FELLOWS - SELECTION CRITERIA

It is envisaged that the successful applicants will:
         1) have a PhD or equivalent;
         2) have experience in mining geostatistics and/or mine planning;
         3) be proficient in both written and spoken english;

Salary will be within the range: A$34,000 to 40,000 per annum, depending on
qualifications.

FURTHER INFORMATION

Further information can be obtained from the Centre
         - email: brc@...
         - fax: 07 3365 7028; international fax: 61 7 3365-7028
         - Home Page: http://www.minmet.uq.edu.au/~bryan

Applications including curriculum vitae, a statement of research interests
and the names and contact details of three professional referees, should be
sent to Prof. Roussos Dimitrakopoulos, Director, W.H. Bryan Mining Geology
Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072.



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thank you clayton for an excellent response.  for others, the original
questions are listed below.  I was in error and there is no problem
witht the gslib code.  Clayton makes a note about the MAXCT[X,Y,Z]
parameters in the include file.  The stock version of sisimpdf.for sets
the following values:
   Maxctx=79
   Maxcty=79
   Maxctz=1

One needs to be careful to reset the maxctz value to a value somewhat
greater than 1 if running 3D simulations.  This was not my problem, but
it did take me a while to figure this out.

Thanks again!!!

greg

I have two questions regarding indicator simulation:

1. What role does the sill play when simulating categorical data (e.g.
sisimpdf.for, from gslib)?  As nodes are created the probability that
each node will fall into a category is a function of the kriging weights
and the post. prob (eq. V.33 gslib). Page 170 of the gslib manual says:
"There is no need to standardize the parameters to a sill of one since
only the relative shape affects the kriging weights."  Therefore, for a
given range and nugget would various sill values alter the simulation?

2. After reading some of the previous email listings from this
newsgroup, I noticed someone asked about an errata to the gslib manual.
I found a possible error in the calculation of the rotation matrix in
sisimpdf.f routine.  Using the parameters ang1=45, ang2=-45
ang3=0,anis1=1.0, anis2=0.1 for a 3d realization, I was unable to
produce dips of 45 degrees.  The stikes (ang1) were produced correctly,
but the dips were vertical and any change to ang2 had little or no
effect on the dips.  I recoded the calculation of the rotation matrix
according to Gendzwill and Stauffer, 1981, table 1 (see gslib ref 57)
and the dips were then modeled correctly.  Is there a problem in the way
I am specifying the rotation angles in the original version or is there
an error in the code?

Clayton Deutsch wrote:
>
> Greg,
>
> I think the confusion relates to the angle conventions in the GSLIB
> programs.  There are no known problems in the rotation matrices of
> GSLIB (even after my testing with your cases).  Nevertheless, don't
> read further if you have recoded the rotation matrix and are getting
> results you like -- you will only get more confused.
>
> In answer to your two questions to GEOSTATS:
>
> 1. As explained in the GSLIB book, the variogram sill plays no role in
>    indicator simulation; the estimated distributions depend only on the
>    kriging weights and not the kriging variance.  For example, a
>    variogram with a nugget (c0) of 0.1 and an isotropic spherical model
>    with a variance contribution (c1) of 0.9 and some arbitrary range
>    would give the same kriging weights if c0=0.001 and c1=0.009 (the
>    sill reduced by a factor of 100).  Of course, the range and relative
>    shape must remain unchanged.
>
> 2. The results of using parameters ang1=45, ang2=-45, ang3=0.0,
>    anis1=1.0, and anis2=0.1 give correct results with the sisimpdf
>    program!?!  An XY horizontal slice shows continuity in the NW-SE
>    direction (because the principal direction of continuity has been
>    rotated 45 degrees from North (to NE) and then down 45 degrees).
>    Other slices also show the expected anisotropy.  I observed no
>    vertical dips.  Changing anis2 will have little affect on any of
>    the orthogonal XY, XZ, or YZ slices (main effect visible on a
>    vertical section from SW to NE).
>
>    It is critical that you have the MAXCT[X,Y,Z] parameters large
>    enough to reproduce your variogram range in any particular
>    direction.
>
> Regarding your message on Tuesday:
>
> 1. ang1=-15 is ONLY the same as ang1=165 when ang2/ang3 are both 0.0;
>    otherwise, the results are quite different.
>
> 2. ang1=-15, ang2=-110, ang3=0.0, anis1=1.0, and anis2=0.1 will not
>    give features with a strike of N15W and a dip of 70  --> the
>    features will have a strike of N75E and a dip of 70 degrees to
>    the SW.
>
>    Use ang1=105, ang2=-70, ang3=0.0, anis1=1.0, and anis2=0.1 for
>    strike of N15W and dip of 70 to SW.
>
>    Use ang1=-75, ang2=-70, ang3=0.0, anis1=1.0, and anis2=0.1 for
>    strike of N15W and dip of 70 to NE.
>
> Best Regards,   Clayton V. Deutsch
>
> Phone: 415 723-4142  Fax: 725-2099    Dept. of Petroleum Engineering
> Email: clayton@...    Stanford, CA 94305-2220

--
Greg Pohll
Post Doc

*****************************************
Desert Research Institute
Water Resources Center
P.O. Box 60220
Reno, NV 89506
Voice: (702) 674-7523
FAX:   (702) 673-7397
Email: pohll@...
*****************************************
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---
----------------------------------------------
Alex Solomakhov, Director   alex@...
MapMakers Group Ltd.
Moscow, Russia
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Full announcement can be found at

http://www.itc.nl/spruce/spruce.html


*******************************
SPRUCE IV  International Conference
*******************************

Statistics for Public Resources, Utilities and in Care for the Environment
(SPRUCE)

Statistical Aspects of Health and the Environment .

7 - 12 September 1997

Enschede, The Netherlands

The fourth SPRUCE International Conference, on the theme: Statistical Aspects of
Health and
the Environment Organized by the ITC International Institute for Aerospace
Survey and Remote
Sensing, in association with the RIVM, TNO, the Wageningen Agricultural
University and the
International Statistical Institute.

The aim is to bring together statisticians working in the field of health and
environment,
to discuss recent progress in this field and to investigate possible future
needs.

Coverage will include:

        Toxicology
        Epidemiology
        Waste disposal and remediation
        Monitoring and management
        Agriculture and the food chain
        Transport


The proceedings will be published by J. Wiley as a volume of the
Statistics for the Enviroment Series.


An international group of speakers will give major presentations in the
different
thematic areas of the conference.

The organisation committee includes representatives from the:

        RIVM, National Institute of Public Healt and the Environmert,
        TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, Energy Research and Process
Innovation,
        the Wageningen Agricultural University,
        the C.T. de Wit Research School for Production Ecology
        International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences ITC.



The deadline for abstracts for contributed papers is 1 April 1997.

The conference fee is Dfl 550,-, if paid before 1 July 1997.



<gregoire.dubois@...>
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Greetings,

I think this would be a good news to start 97.

Best regards,


Gregoire


----------------------------------------------

Spherekit

Spherekit was developed at the NCGIA (National Center for Geographic Information
and Analysis)
and at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Developers include:
Cort Willmott
(University of Delaware), Rob Raskin (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Chris Funk
(NCGIA),
Scott Webber (University of Delaware), and Mike Goodchild (NCGIA).

The initial version has been released into the public domain in October 1996.

Spherekit is an integrated toolkit for spatial interpolation and comparison of
spatial interpolation algorithms. It is UNIX-based and includes a complete
graphical
user interface (GUI). It uses Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for display of
interpolated fields.


The package features several unique capabilities:

Large-scale interpolation

Spherekit permits interpolation over continental or global scales because its
computations
are based upon spherical distances and orientations. Conventional interpolations
are based upon planar
projections of the earth, which produce distortions of some kind over large
distances. In Spherekit,
projections are applied only for display purposes, after the interpolation has
been carried out in spherical
geometry. The user can select from a wide range of interpolation algorithms and
can experiment with
any associated parameter settings.


Smart interpolation

Spherekit permits the user to incorporate knowledge or information about the
processes that produced the
spatial variations. This strategy, also known as "smart interpolation," is
implemented through the
interpolation of user-defined, derived variables. A simple equation editor is
available to produce
combinations of observation variables, and several nonlinear transforms are
built-in. A digital elevation
model (DEM) is included so that elevation can be treated consistently with other
variables.


Error analysis

Error analysis is an integrated component of Spherekit. The performance of an
interpolation
method and its associated set of parameters is evaluated using cross-validation.
The error at each
observation point is defined as the difference between its actual value and its
estimated value using
the remaining n-1 points. The resulting error field can be displayed either at
the data points or
interpolated to a regular grid, to reduce any spatial biases. Error difference
fields, comparing a pair
of methods, can be easily displayed.

The available Interpolation methods are

Inverse distance weighting
Triangulation
Kriging
Multiquadric
Thin plate spline

Spherekit is available for download by anonymous ftp from the NCGIA.

Check the HOMEPAGE at http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/pubs/spherekit/main.html


<gregoire.dubois@...>
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Dear All,
I would appreciate if you can give me pointers and references to GIS
and environmental impacts.
Thanks,

Octavio Juarez
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Dear all.


Sorry, for my poor English.

I am a graduate student of Osaka Univ, Japan
and majoring statistics but new to geostatistics.

We read some books on geostatistics.

In application to actual data in most books,
it is not shown that why the semivariograms appeared in the analysis
are selected.

Does anyone have reference or comments ?
The problem is more difficult when one assumes
regionalization or co-regionalization models on stochastic process.
If possible, I want to know
physical background of variogram models.

I have one more question.
If we assume a process is Gaussian,
maximum likelihood (ML) estimator or
restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimator can be made
for estimation of its covariance structure.

I want to know another distributional assumptions on
stochastic process which are often used in practice.


Thanks in advance.


                   Jun Takeda
                   e-mail address:take@...
                   Dept. Math. Sci, Fac. Eng. Sci,
                   Osaka Univ., Toyonaka, Osaka 560, JAPAN
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