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#591 From: mohammad tavangary <m_tavangary@...>
Date: Wed Nov 30, 2005 1:23 pm
Subject: Re: Re: A small question
m_tavangary
Send Email Send Email
 
yes.
i think so dear pavan.
i looking for this subject but i fail to found it in the Russle book.
sorry.

Ravi Mohan <magesmail@...> wrote:
Pavan,
This question is irrelevant in  *this* forum, which is about the AIMA
book, written by Dr Norvig and Dr. Russell. You may want to try the
extreme programming group on yahoo, where you'll get  answers to your
questions.
Thanks,
Ravi


--- In aima-talk@yahoogroups.com, "Pavan" <pkkayathi@y...> wrote:
>
> Hello friends,
>     I have been going through the chapter of Rapid Software
> Development. When I came across Extreme Programming what puzzled me
> was what can be the disadvantages of using story cards in XP. I
> searched for the same in google but hardly found anything. So can
> someone tell me if they are any disadvantages of using a story card.
> Thanx in advance
> Pavan.
>









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#592 From: "mattias_kristoffersen" <mattias@...>
Date: Thu Dec 15, 2005 8:56 am
Subject: The future of AI
mattias_kris...
Send Email Send Email
 
Hi all!

What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI. Perhaps in the
mediclal area, to cure and take care of the sick and elderly, or in
crime prevention?

i just started to read the book and i hope that my time will be well
spent.


/MK

#593 From: mohammad tavangary <m_tavangary@...>
Date: Thu Dec 15, 2005 8:12 pm
Subject: Re: The future of AI
m_tavangary
Send Email Send Email
 
Hi dear sir and modams..
i think AI in future will change into a practical way to awake the Philasopher that Human intelligenc have a bassical diffrence with Artificial intelligence because it is not stand up for her material mind , IT STAND FOR OUR HEAVEN PART .
please tell me if i make mistake eathere in text or in concept.
have pleasent time.

mattias_kristoffersen <mattias@...> wrote:
Hi all!

What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI. Perhaps in the
mediclal area, to cure and take care of the sick and elderly, or in
crime prevention?

i just started to read the book and i hope that my time will be well
spent.


/MK







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#594 From: "AT Murray" <mentifex@...>
Date: Fri Dec 16, 2005 11:38 am
Subject: Re: The future of AI
mentifex
Send Email Send Email
 
http://mind.sourceforge.net/mind4th.html mow invites Netizens
to install a JavaScript Seed AI as "Mind" on their computers.

http://mind.sourceforge.net/Mind.html now includes a recursive
link back to itself so that users may update their local copy.

http://mind.sourceforge.net/userman.html ordains AI diaspora.
> First you start the JavaScript AI Mind by clicking on it.
> You may also host the AI Mind on your own hard disk
> or your own Web page and then bring the Mind to life by
> running MSIE, then using "File/ Open" with the AI filename,
> or by clicking on the Seed AI link that you have transplanted.
> Notice at the end of this User Manual that there is a link to
> C:\Windows\Desktop\Mind.html that will work only when you
> have made your own local copy of the JavaScript Seed AI. You
> have the opportunity to spread your artificial intelligence
> by planting the Seed AI on as many computers as possible.
> If the computer that you use is shared by a group of users,
> other people may stumble upon the ghost in the machine and
> may accept the challenge of programming a more powerful AI.
> If you are a manufacturer or distributor of computers, you
> are free to install the JavaScript Seed AI on every desktop.

A. T. Murray
--
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/307824.307853
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1052883.1052885
http://www.scn.org/~mentifex/agiradar.html
http://www.sl4.org/archive/0205/3836.html

#595 From: Ivan Villanueva <ivan@...>
Date: Fri Dec 16, 2005 1:31 pm
Subject: Re: The future of AI
artificialidea
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> What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI.

I'm afraid it would be in the armament industry if we continue doing nothing to
stop countries invading others and to stop the growing gap between rich and
poor.

Iván Villanueva

#596 From: Robert Futrelle <futrelle@...>
Date: Fri Dec 16, 2005 12:28 pm
Subject: Re: The future of AI
bobfutrelle
Send Email Send Email
 
I guess what bothers me the most about Murray's work described below is that when a researcher launches out in an unusual new direction, with lots of specialized terminology and concepts, there are certain obligations to the community that can get ignored.  What can happen is that the researcher fails to explain the links between what he or she is doing and the large body of work already done and being done.  That allows the researcher to avoid any criticisms by comparisons.  Much of the work that has been and is being done in AI and Cog Sci is excellent and well-documented and carefully related to extant work.

All (conventional) scholars are careful to describe how they are building on the work of others ( "If I have seen further it is by standing on ye shoulders of Giants." - Newton).  In fact, any paper for a journal or conference is reviewed with an eye to its discussions of the literature - do the authors fully understand what has gone before and how what they are presenting builds on that?

When a researcher avoids the traditional, they can also isolate themselves from criticism.  I would be delighted to see a scholarly discussion of the Mind4th system that relates it to other work and relates its terminology and concepts to already existing ones.  If the Mind4th system is better, let's see a detailed comparison of its strengths versus existing work. If the terminology and concepts and relations among them are better, let's see a defense that describes current work and explains why the new work is better, why neologisms are really needed.  As a starter, how does it relate to the view of AI presented in AIMA and PAIP?

All students and researchers should pay attention to the description I've just given of the way research and scholarship works.  AI invites people to wax rhapsodic about all sorts of vague and marvelous ideas.  But unless the ideas can be brought down to earth and tied into what has come before, they may not be that useful.  Einstein and Schrodinger and other scientists with radical new ideas understood this and related what they did to the existing knowledge of Galilean relativity and Newtonian mechanics.

Here's a quote from one of the ACM URLs that was included in Murray's post. I include it for what it's worth, neither supporting or refuting it:

"Six years ago in this journal we discussed the work of Arthur T.
Murray, who endeavored to explore artificial intelligence using
the Forth programming language [1]. His creation, which he called
MIND.FORTH, was interesting in its ability to understand English
sentences in the form: subject-verb-object. It also had the
capacity to learn new things and to form mental associations
between recent experiences and older memories. In the intervening
years, Mr. Murray has continued to develop his MIND.FORTH: he has
translated it into Visual BASIC, PERL and Javascript, he has
written a book [2] on the subject, and he maintains a wiki web
site where anyone may suggest changes or extensions to his design
[3]. MIND.FORTH is necessarily complex and opaque by virtue of
its functionality; therefore it may be challenging for a newcomer
to grasp. However, the more dedicated student will find much of
value in this code. Murray himself has become quite a
controversial figure."

Disclaimer:  I have not taken the time to study Murray's work in detail, but what little I've seen of it immediately triggered the concerns I expressed above.  After 30+ years of working in AI areas, I've seen lots of marvelous work and lots of off-the-wall things too. I can usually tell the difference.

    -- Bob Futrelle

http://mind.sourceforge.net/mind4th.html mow invites Netizens
to install a JavaScript Seed AI as "Mind" on their computers.

http://mind.sourceforge.net/Mind.html now includes a recursive
link back to itself so that users may update their local copy.

http://mind.sourceforge.net/userman.html ordains AI diaspora.
> First you start the JavaScript AI Mind by clicking on it.
> You may also host the AI Mind on your own hard disk
> or your own Web page and then bring the Mind to life by
> running MSIE, then using "File/ Open" with the AI filename,
> or by clicking on the Seed AI link that you have transplanted.
> Notice at the end of this User Manual that there is a link to
> C:\Windows\Desktop\Mind.html that will work only when you
> have made your own local copy of the JavaScript Seed AI. You
> have the opportunity to spread your artificial intelligence
> by planting the Seed AI on as many computers as possible.
> If the computer that you use is shared by a group of users,
> other people may stumble upon the ghost in the machine and
> may accept the challenge of programming a more powerful AI.
> If you are a manufacturer or distributor of computers, you
> are free to install the JavaScript Seed AI on every desktop.

A. T. Murray
--
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/307824.307853
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1052883.1052885
http://www.scn.org/~mentifex/agiradar.html
http://www.sl4.org/archive/0205/3836.html



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#598 From: Maithreebhanu Wimalasekare <bhanu128@...>
Date: Mon Dec 19, 2005 5:35 am
Subject: Re: The future of AI
bhanu128
Send Email Send Email
 
what about the entertainment bussines....games with AI....rem last year gross rev of games far exceeded the movie ind. And most of these "big money" games had AI...
 
 

Ivan Villanueva <ivan@...> wrote:
> What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI.

I'm afraid it would be in the armament industry if we continue doing nothing to
stop countries invading others and to stop the growing gap between rich and
poor.

Iván Villanueva

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#599 From: "j1mmy_n3u7120n" <arun031283@...>
Date: Tue Dec 20, 2005 7:25 am
Subject: Re: The future of AI
j1mmy_n3u7120n
Send Email Send Email
 
--- In aima-talk@yahoogroups.com, "mattias_kristoffersen"
<mattias@k...> wrote:
>
> Hi all!
>
> What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI. Perhaps in the
> mediclal area, to cure and take care of the sick and elderly, or in
> crime prevention?
>
> i just started to read the book and i hope that my time will be well
> spent.
>
>
> /MK
>
Research!
AI is going to drive research in biology in the future. Infact, i may
even go to the extent of saying immediate future.

-- AI

#600 From: Ivan Villanueva <ivan@...>
Date: Thu Dec 22, 2005 12:21 pm
Subject: Re: Re: The future of AI
artificialidea
Send Email Send Email
 
On Tue, Dec 20, 2005 07:25:06AM -0000, j1mmy_n3u7120n wrote:
> --- In aima-talk@yahoogroups.com, "mattias_kristoffersen"
> > What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI.

> Research!
> AI is going to drive research in biology in the future.

Could you explain it a little more. Which biology research is related with AI.
I'm very interested in. Some links ?

--
Ivan F. Villanueva B.
The dream of intelligent machines: www.artificialidea.com
Encrypted mail preferred.
GPG Key Id: 3FDBF85F 2004-10-18 Ivan-Fernando Villanueva Barrio

#601 From: "j1mmy_n3u7120n" <arun031283@...>
Date: Thu Dec 22, 2005 1:20 pm
Subject: Re: The future of AI
j1mmy_n3u7120n
Send Email Send Email
 
--- In aima-talk@yahoogroups.com, Ivan Villanueva <ivan@a...> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Dec 20, 2005 07:25:06AM -0000, j1mmy_n3u7120n wrote:
> > --- In aima-talk@yahoogroups.com, "mattias_kristoffersen"
> > > What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI.
>
> > Research!
> > AI is going to drive research in biology in the future.
>
> Could you explain it a little more. Which biology research is
related with AI.
> I'm very interested in. Some links ?
>
> --
> Ivan F. Villanueva B.
> The dream of intelligent machines: www.artificialidea.com
> Encrypted mail preferred.
> GPG Key Id: 3FDBF85F 2004-10-18 Ivan-Fernando Villanueva Barrio
>
Most computational problems in biology are being solved using AI
techniques. I give a few links below,
1. Evaluation of Gene Protein Prediction Programs
http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~salzberg/guigo.ps

2. Locating Protein Coding Regions in Human DNA using a Decision Tree
Algorithm
http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~salzberg/exons.ps.gz

3. Genetic operators for the DNA fragment-assembly problem
ftp://mammoth.cs.unm.edu/pub/forrest/dna-fragment-94.ps.gz

4. Machine Learning in Molecular Biology Sequence Analysis
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/chan91machine.html

There are several such things going on, the field is basically called
computational biology or bioinformatics. One link that is of quite an
interest would be,
Blue Brain Project
http://bluebrainproject.epfl.ch/

-- AI

#602 From: - Adhi 'Netz - <adnetz@...>
Date: Thu Dec 22, 2005 4:20 am
Subject: Re: The future of AI
adnetz
Send Email Send Email
 
Hi Mattias,

i wonder if AI can be used to translate all language in this world, still it's a
lot works to do,
but for example like English -> French, but in an everyday language...

just an idea, because in my country we have 580 dialect,
so by translate one language into another,
it will surely help people to understand others better :)

it can be used in an neural networks system too...

--- mattias_kristoffersen <mattias@...> wrote:

> Hi all!
>
> What do you belive will be the most usefull area for AI. Perhaps in the
> mediclal area, to cure and take care of the sick and elderly, or in
> crime prevention?
>
> i just started to read the book and i hope that my time will be well
> spent.
>
>
> /MK
>
>
>
>
>
>



- Adhi N. Wirawan -
  adnetz@...
.eVolutioN EveryTime.



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#603 From: Tommy Gun <thompsoncdrum@...>
Date: Thu Dec 22, 2005 6:32 pm
Subject: AI today...
thompsoncdrum
Send Email Send Email
 
More than likely, military applications will have more AI than any other field.  After all, the better that AI gets, the less likely that people will have to go into harm's way, which is what is preferrable.   Just think about a cruise missile and all of the computations and decisions it has to make to get to a precise target 1000 miles away flying along the ground.  Would it be better to have something like that flown by a pilot?  UAVs and aircraft are an up and becoming field for AI. 
 
Just my $.02     I could be wrong...


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#604 From: "Jian Tang" <tangjian1@...>
Date: Fri Dec 30, 2005 7:07 pm
Subject: A problem with planning
tangjian1
Send Email Send Email
 
I have a problem related to planning. Can anyone take a look and
give any suggestion?

The chapter 11 and 12 in the AIMA boook talks about the planning,
but it doesn't talk much about STRPS-like schemas. I am reading a
paper by Daniel S. Weld, "An Introduction to Least Commitment
Planning", which talks more about the extensions such as universal
quantification, conditional effects, etc.

The Universally quantified conditional effects allow the
specification of objects such as briefcases, where moving the
briefcase causes all objects inside to move as well.

If we write out the action, it will look like.
Action(Move(b,from, to),
PRECOND: at(b, from) and (from NOTEQUAL to)
effect: (at(b, to) and NOT at(b, from) and
    for all x, when in(x,b): NOT at(x, from) and at(x, to).

Assuming I have a initial state that my driverlicense is in the
wallet, which is in the briefcase. And the briefcase is in New York.
That is:

at(briefcase, NY) and at(wallet, NY) and at(DriverLicense, NY) and in
(wallet, briefcase) and in(DriverLicense, wallet).

If we apply the action move(briefcase, NY, FL), we can get :
at(briefcase, FL) and at(wallet, FL) and at(DriverLicense, NY) and in
(wallet, briefcase) and in(DriverLicense, wallet).

The DriverLicense is still in NY. How can I write the action so
DriverLicense will move to FL too? My thought is that we should
recursively change the state in the EFFECT clause for all sub-
clause. Is there any syntax support for this kind of problem?

Thanks,
JT

#605 From: Robert Futrelle <futrelle@...>
Date: Wed Jan 4, 2006 2:54 am
Subject: OpenMCL code for AIMA or PAIP code?
bobfutrelle
Send Email Send Email
 
I could presumably slug through getting it to work, but wondering if
anyone else has tried openmcl.  It seems to be pretty solid, but not
behaving too well in trying to get started.

   - Bob Futrelle

#606 From: "Jim Davies" <jim.davies@...>
Date: Thu Jan 5, 2006 3:47 pm
Subject: possible typo: p633 2nd edition: "irrational to play a strongly dominated"
jimmyd
Send Email Send Email
 
This seems wrong to me, but I just wanted to make sure. Fourth
paragraph on page 633 of the second edition it says

"It is irrational to play a strongly dominated strategy, and
irrational not to play a dominant strategy if one exists."

should probably say something like

"It is rational to play a strongly dominated strategy, and irrational
not to play a dominant strategy if one exists."

JimDavies
http://www.jimdavies.org/

#607 From: The Geek <guihergeek61@...>
Date: Fri Jan 6, 2006 5:07 am
Subject: Re: possible typo: p633 2nd edition: "irrational to play a strongly dominated"
guihergeek61
Send Email Send Email
 
You just misread it - dominated vs. dominant

Strongly dominated strategy = a strategy that is
strongly dominated by another, a.k.a one that sucks.
Therefore it is irrational to play a strongly
dominated strategy.

Rob Guiher

--- Jim Davies <jim.davies@...> wrote:

> This seems wrong to me, but I just wanted to make
> sure. Fourth
> paragraph on page 633 of the second edition it says
>
> "It is irrational to play a strongly dominated
> strategy, and
> irrational not to play a dominant strategy if one
> exists."
>
> should probably say something like
>
> "It is rational to play a strongly dominated
> strategy, and irrational
> not to play a dominant strategy if one exists."
>
> JimDavies
> http://www.jimdavies.org/
>
>
>
>
>
>




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#608 From: "Ghada" <ghkm1984@...>
Date: Thu Jan 12, 2006 1:04 pm
Subject: AI book
ghkm1984
Send Email Send Email
 
dear all ,
I need some help

I'd like to ask if there is any possible way to get the book
Exercises' solutions

is there any link or resource , I can make use of ??

thanks

#609 From: "Ravi Mohan" <magesmail@...>
Date: Thu Jan 12, 2006 1:26 pm
Subject: Re: AI book
magesmail
Send Email Send Email
 
Hi,
  I believe Dr Norvig has stated on this list that the manual is
available only for Instructors. If you are one, you should be able to
make use of the information at
http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/instructors.html to order a copy.

Just stating what I know. If someone knows differently, do correct me.
I personally have not felt the lack of an Instructors Manual. Most of
the fun is (imho) in trying to solve the problems on one's own.
Ravi

--- In aima-talk@yahoogroups.com, "Ghada" <ghkm1984@y...> wrote:
>
> dear all ,
> I need some help
>
> I'd like to ask if there is any possible way to get the book
> Exercises' solutions
>
> is there any link or resource , I can make use of ??
>
> thanks
>

#610 From: Robert Futrelle <futrelle@...>
Date: Fri Jan 13, 2006 3:04 am
Subject: January 12, 2006 AIMA Lisp code update confusing
bobfutrelle
Send Email Send Email
 
There seem to be about three files that were updated today.  A number
of directories in the updated Lisp code are empty, e.g., search/ and
learning/.  A comment on the site reads: "The updates will be
incorporated soon into the standard AIMA Lisp code."

So at the moment, anyone who downloads the code.tar.gz file will get
an incomplete collection of code.  The previous, full version, is not
available.

So the new file should NOT be used to replace your old AIMA Lisp code
collection.  It would have to be merged manually.  I'll wait, thanks,
since I'm using an older version of Allegro.

   -- Bob Futrelle

#611 From: "Jim Davies" <jim.davies@...>
Date: Fri Jan 27, 2006 7:34 pm
Subject: the independence of the two factors in the value of information
jimmyd
Send Email Send Email
 
I'm teaching decision making now, and the students have this question
about information value that I'm having trouble answering.

RN2 p602 says that information has value to the extent that it is
likely to cause a chagne of plan and to the extent that the new plan
will be significantly better than the old plan. Are these independent?

I'm trying to come up with a intuitive example of this, and I'm having
trouble coming up with a situation in which the information is
unlikely to affect your decision, but the information might result in
a significantly better decision.

I came up with the idea of buying a DVD player, choosing between going
to get it at best buy (A) and circuit city (B). The information in
question is the exact prices at these stores. The agent knows the
price ranges.

Situation 1:
A: $10-80
B: $15-98

In this case, it's likely to affect your decision and you could save a
lot of money because of it. The information is worth most in this case.

Situation 2:
A: $48-51
B: $49-53

It's likely to affect your decision, but the difference is not big, so
the decision doesn't really matter, so the information is not worth as
much.

Situation 3:
A: $30-50
B: $48-60

Unlikely to affect decision, because A is so much more likely to be
cheaper, AND the price ranges are so close that you don't save much
money. Information worth the least in this case.

Situation 4:
A: ??
B: ??

I want an example in which it's unlilkely to affect your decision but
the decision could be significantly better given the information. I
was thinking
A: $10-51
B: $68-98
but it seems with such a little overlap it's hard to say that the
change in decision will be important. How can it not affect your
decision and also result in a significantly better outcome?

Or am I thinking about this in the wrong way?

#612 From: Tommy Gun <thompsoncdrum@...>
Date: Sun Jan 29, 2006 5:44 am
Subject: Re: Digest Number 346
thompsoncdrum
Send Email Send Email
 
A: $10-51
B: $35-98
Could have a significant impact, but probably wouldn't affect your decision because A is more likely to give you the better price.
 



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#613 From: Robert Futrelle <futrelle@...>
Date: Sun Jan 29, 2006 8:33 pm
Subject: Complex returns from recursive functions - tail recursion?
bobfutrelle
Send Email Send Email
 
This is more a straight Lisp question, but it relates to material in
the early chapters of PAIP.  (Someone can direct me to a better list
for this, I'm sure.)

This function splits an even-length list into its even and odd
(sequence) elements:

(defun split-list (lst)
    (cond ((null lst) '(() ()))
           (t (let ((lst2 (split-list (rest (rest lst)))))
              (list (cons (first lst) (first lst2))
                 (cons (second lst) (second lst2)))
			 )
		 )
	 )
)

Point being, there's more to recursion than consing up a single list.

Execution:

1 > (split-list '(b d i o g g))
((B I G) (D O G))

I assume it's not tail-recursive.
Can it be made so using multiple-value return?

(this is not a quiz, just a question  ;-)

   - Bob Futrelle

PS: I think there's no separate PAIP list.

PPS:  ';-)' is a closing bracket in the SMILEY programming language.

#614 From: Peter Norvig <peter@...>
Date: Sun Jan 29, 2006 11:46 pm
Subject: Re: Complex returns from recursive functions - tail recursion?
norvig
Send Email Send Email
 
How about this:

(defun split-list (lst)
     (let ((odds nil)
	   (evens nil))
       (loop for x in lst for i from 1 do
	     (if (oddp i) (push x odds) (push x evens)))
       (list (nreverse odds) (nreverse evens))))

No problem with running out of stack space there.

Or if you're an even bigger fan of LOOP, you can do:

(defun split-list2 (lst)
   (loop for x in lst for i from 1
	 when (oddp i)
	 collect x into odds
	 else
	 collect x into evens
	 finally (return (list odds evens))))

-Peter

On 1/29/06, Robert Futrelle <futrelle@...> wrote:
> This is more a straight Lisp question, but it relates to material in
> the early chapters of PAIP.  (Someone can direct me to a better list
> for this, I'm sure.)
>
> This function splits an even-length list into its even and odd
> (sequence) elements:
>
> (defun split-list (lst)
>    (cond ((null lst) '(() ()))
>           (t (let ((lst2 (split-list (rest (rest lst)))))
>              (list (cons (first lst) (first lst2))
>                 (cons (second lst) (second lst2)))
>                         )
>                 )
>         )
> )
>
> Point being, there's more to recursion than consing up a single list.
>
> Execution:
>
> 1 > (split-list '(b d i o g g))
> ((B I G) (D O G))
>
> I assume it's not tail-recursive.
> Can it be made so using multiple-value return?
>
> (this is not a quiz, just a question  ;-)
>
>   - Bob Futrelle
>
> PS: I think there's no separate PAIP list.
>
> PPS:  ';-)' is a closing bracket in the SMILEY programming language.
>
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

#615 From: Steven Shaw <steshaw@...>
Date: Sun Jan 29, 2006 10:47 pm
Subject: Re: Complex returns from recursive functions - tail recursion?
steshaw
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On 29/01/06, Robert Futrelle <futrelle@...> wrote:
> This is more a straight Lisp question, but it relates to material in
> the early chapters of PAIP.  (Someone can direct me to a better list
> for this, I'm sure.)
>
> This function splits an even-length list into its even and odd
> (sequence) elements:
>
> (defun split-list (lst)
>    (cond ((null lst) '(() ()))
>           (t (let ((lst2 (split-list (rest (rest lst)))))
>              (list (cons (first lst) (first lst2))
>                 (cons (second lst) (second lst2)))
>                         )
>                 )
>         )
> )
>
> Point being, there's more to recursion than consing up a single list.
>
> Execution:
>
> 1 > (split-list '(b d i o g g))
> ((B I G) (D O G))
>
> I assume it's not tail-recursive.

I can say that it's not tail recursive. I couldn't spot it at first
because the simple form to look for is a recursive call embedded in an
argument position (I don't know the correct terminology), like "(cons
lst (split-list ...". However, the problem is that the result of the
recursive call is bound to lst2 and then there is more to do. It's
just that the lst2 is used twice so it's an optimisation.

> Can it be made so using multiple-value return?

Not sure but I think not. Multiple return value is like an
optimisation for returning a tuple (a pair in this case). Using
mutiple return values might prevent consing of the pair and use of
registers for both return values. It doesn't mean change the fact that
this technique needs to do something (cons) with the results of a call
to split-list. What do you think?

> (this is not a quiz, just a question  ;-)

Seems like a quiz :)

Steve.
--
Steven Shaw http://abstractsimplicity.co.uk/

#616 From: Steven Shaw <steshaw@...>
Date: Sun Jan 29, 2006 11:08 pm
Subject: Re: Complex returns from recursive functions - tail recursion?
steshaw
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Here's version that's tail recursive though I don't think very
efficient because of my use of append and list perhaps were not
necessary.

(defun split-list2 (list)
   (let ((a (list)) (b (list)))
     (split-list2-helper list a b)))

(defun split-list2-helper (list firsts seconds)
   (cond ((null list) (list firsts seconds))
     (t (split-list2-helper
          (rest (rest list))
          (append firsts (list (first list)))
          (append seconds (list (second list)))))))

Also, I forget the syntax for defining inner auxilary functions...
flet, labels, defun??...

Steve.

#617 From: Steven Shaw <steshaw@...>
Date: Mon Jan 30, 2006 12:02 am
Subject: Re: Complex returns from recursive functions - tail recursion?
steshaw
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On 29/01/06, Peter Norvig <peter@...> wrote:
> How about this:

Looks good. I could have done with nvreverse myself!

#618 From: "Ivan F. Villanueva B." <ivan@...>
Date: Fri Feb 3, 2006 10:18 am
Subject: Chapter 14. Enumeration-Ask clarification
artificialidea
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Hello,
after having read the algorithm Enumeration-Ask (chapter 14) it seems to me that
it will only work if the function VARS[BayesNet] returns the variables in order.
For instance it works if the first variable returned is Earthquake. But it
wouldn't work if it was Alarm.

I wonder if I have missed the explanation in the book, I have made a
mistake in the thought above, or is something obvious. In the last case I think,
for readers like me, that an explicit explanation could help.

I have take a look at the Java code and it seems that the function VARS orders
the variables appropriately.

Regards,
--
Ivan F. Villanueva B.
The dream of intelligent machines: www.artificialidea.com
Encrypted mail preferred.
GPG Key Id: 3FDBF85F 2004-10-18 Ivan-Fernando Villanueva Barrio

#619 From: The Geek <guihergeek61@...>
Date: Mon Jan 30, 2006 4:24 am
Subject: Re: the independence of the two factors in the value of information
guihergeek61
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It's not really about whether or not the information
would change your decision, it's that the answer is
**unlikely** to change your decision.  It's tough to
illustrate when you have a pretty flat probability
distribution as implied by your DVD example.

Instead try this:

Harry's Bargain Electronics sells the DVD players for
$99, but they're running a special promotion where
every 1000th customer who buys one gets it for free.
Crazy Ron's sells the same DVD player for $50, but
everyone has to pay.  In this example the
"information" is whether or not you would be one of
the lucky customers at Harry's to get it for free.

Madame Trelawney the psychic is able to tell you with
100% certainty whether or not you will be one of the
lucky ones to get a freebie if you buy from Harry's.
How much would you pay her for that knowledge?

While the information could cause a significant
difference in the relative expected values of the two
choices ($99-$50 vs. $0-$50), it's **unlikely** that
you're going to get a freebie, so the information
itself isn't terribly valuable.  It's **very**
valuable **if** you're going to be the winner.  But,
999 times out of 1000 you'll find out you're not going
to be a winner.  In that case you'd just go to Crazy
Ron's, which is the same decision you'd make without
the information.

Rob G.


--- Jim Davies <jim.davies@...> wrote:

> I'm teaching decision making now, and the students
> have this question
> about information value that I'm having trouble
> answering.
>
> RN2 p602 says that information has value to the
> extent that it is
> likely to cause a chagne of plan and to the extent
> that the new plan
> will be significantly better than the old plan. Are
> these independent?
>
> I'm trying to come up with a intuitive example of
> this, and I'm having
> trouble coming up with a situation in which the
> information is
> unlikely to affect your decision, but the
> information might result in
> a significantly better decision.
>
> I came up with the idea of buying a DVD player,
> choosing between going
> to get it at best buy (A) and circuit city (B). The
> information in
> question is the exact prices at these stores. The
> agent knows the
> price ranges.
>
> Situation 1:
> A: $10-80
> B: $15-98
>
> In this case, it's likely to affect your decision
> and you could save a
> lot of money because of it. The information is worth
> most in this case.
>
> Situation 2:
> A: $48-51
> B: $49-53
>
> It's likely to affect your decision, but the
> difference is not big, so
> the decision doesn't really matter, so the
> information is not worth as
> much.
>
> Situation 3:
> A: $30-50
> B: $48-60
>
> Unlikely to affect decision, because A is so much
> more likely to be
> cheaper, AND the price ranges are so close that you
> don't save much
> money. Information worth the least in this case.
>
> Situation 4:
> A: ??
> B: ??
>
> I want an example in which it's unlilkely to affect
> your decision but
> the decision could be significantly better given the
> information. I
> was thinking
> A: $10-51
> B: $68-98
> but it seems with such a little overlap it's hard to
> say that the
> change in decision will be important. How can it not
> affect your
> decision and also result in a significantly better
> outcome?
>
> Or am I thinking about this in the wrong way?
>
>
>
>
>
>
>


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#620 From: "mauh_136" <ANWAR_GIKI@...>
Date: Sun Feb 5, 2006 6:33 pm
Subject: Re: AI today...
mauh_136
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--- In aima-talk@yahoogroups.com, Tommy Gun <thompsoncdrum@...>
wrote:
>
> More than likely, military applications will have more AI than any
other field.  After all, the better that AI gets, the less likely
that people will have to go into harm's way, which is what is
preferrable.   Just think about a cruise missile and all of the
computations and decisions it has to make to get to a precise target
1000 miles away flying along the ground.  Would it be better to have
something like that flown by a pilot?  UAVs and aircraft are an up
and becoming field for AI.
>
>   Just my $.02     I could be wrong...
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Yahoo! Shopping
>  Find Great Deals on Holiday Gifts at Yahoo! Shopping
>
oh yes you are absoloutely right ... i saw a movie yesterday may be
you people would also have seen that and if not and you are crazy
abt. AI do see the movie "stealth" it's really nice movie and it's
completely related to the AI field and ANN(artificial neural
networks) ... basically you will see what can be the future of
AI ... ok have fun with it on a cool weekend. bbye

#621 From: "ahmed mohamed" <ahmedmemo_fci@...>
Date: Tue Feb 14, 2006 9:47 pm
Subject: please , help me
ahmedmemo_fci
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I want the slides of the book  "Artificial Intelligence A Modern
Approach  second  Edition "
important
please

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