In re the barred-ness of MCG -06-30-25 = ESO 383-G87, looking at the
DSS image, I'd say it is "SAB...", since the bar is short and weakly
defined.  The type SB(s)dm given in NED is presumably Harold Corwin's
classification, so you could take it up with him.

\Brian

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There is a naked-eye dark nebula that juts into the Milky Way from the north
between M39 and Deneb.  Phil Harrington calls this Harrington 10 in TUB.
Alex Langoussis refers to it as Le Gentil 3.  Does anyone have any
historical info on the cataloging of this object?  Any references I can look
up?

Clear skies,  Sue




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Jay,

Thanks for the heads up on ESO 383-G087.  I went and got a 1st generation
DSS image of this galaxy (attached) and found that it's appearance is pretty
interesting.  I'll definitely have to go take a peek at this one with my
16-inch, F/5.  What is curious is why it is classified as a barred spiral.
Mayhaps Brian, or someone else in this group, can shed some light on this.
I've looked at the image from all angles, ...even squinted, and the
classification "barred spiral" fails to jump into my fevered brain. :-)
This galaxy does remind me of a very compact M1 (Crab Nebula), and from its
photo, is not super-obvious that it's even a galaxy.  This one is definitely
on my observing list!  The attached image is centered at 13 49 18.7; -36 03
41, and is 10 arcmin on a side.

/Bob

> I ran across this one at TSP ' 99 as part of a current
> observing program, and it really suprised me.  The galaxy is known as ESO
> 383-G087 (PGC 49050) and is located at 13 49 18.7 RA and -36 03 41 Dec.
> It's a 4.4'x3.5' face-on barred spiral with a mag (photographic?) of 11.0,
> and I found it easily by merely scanning the area with my 16" f/5.1
> Starmaster at all of 59x!  I found it to be a large oval glow (somewhat
> amorphous) with a ~12th mag star involved with W edge and located in a
> rather rich star field at that low power.




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Unfortunately, I have only lack of memory to blame for not observing
the Fourcade-Figueroa galaxy on my first Chile trip.  Shoulda, coulda,
woulda....
      Jay's other object, best referred to as MCG -06-30-25, at least was
on a U2000 chart I simply didn't get to on either trip south.
Maybe someday...
      Looking at NED and the RC3 for some basic data, it is probably the
case that the F-F galaxy is relatively difficult, having a mean blue
surface brightness of only 14.6/square arcmin.  Total V mag is uncertain,
but about 10.7.  The data for MCG -06-30-25 is better, and this shows total
V of about 10.5, but mean (V) surface brightness of 13.2, only slightly
below average.  As a guess, this would have what I call "moderately-low
surface brightness", but as Jay suggests, there's a lot to it, so pretty
easy to spot.
      Certainly some of the Australian or South African observers (Steve
Mencinsky, Jenni Kay, Auke Slotegraaf et al.) have observed these guys
from the proper latitude.  ANy of those folks on this list yet?

\Brian

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>I ran across this one at TSP ' 99 as part of a current
>observing program, and it really suprised me.  The galaxy is known as ESO
>383-G087 (PGC 49050) and is located at 13 49 18.7 RA and -36 03 41 Dec.
>It's a 4.4'x3.5' face-on barred spiral with a mag (photographic?) of 11.0,
>and I found it easily by merely scanning the area with my 16" f/5.1
>Starmaster at all of 59x!

Jay, I enjoyed your description and glad to see you're straying into galaxy
observations.  Although I included it among the 50 ESO galaxies in the Sky
Vector II database, I never got around to observing it - well, maybe next
weekend.

Steve



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This is definitely a killer galaxy on the DSS!  Interestingly, ESO
270-G017 (PGC 47847) is also mentioned in the Southern Extension of the
Flat Galaxy Catalogue (which I believe was previously mentioned on this
group by Brian) as designation E1079 in the main text.  These guys measured
this thing on the blue prints as being 15.12'x1.68' in size!  While Rich
has everyone digging around in this area of the sky, I'd like to get some
other opinions concerning another large, nearby, infrared-excessive galaxy
in Centaurus.  I ran across this one at TSP ' 99 as part of a current
observing program, and it really suprised me.  The galaxy is known as ESO
383-G087 (PGC 49050) and is located at 13 49 18.7 RA and -36 03 41 Dec.
It's a 4.4'x3.5' face-on barred spiral with a mag (photographic?) of 11.0,
and I found it easily by merely scanning the area with my 16" f/5.1
Starmaster at all of 59x!  I found it to be a large oval glow (somewhat
amorphous) with a ~12th mag star involved with W edge and located in a
rather rich star field at that low power.  At 187x, the glow seemed much
more well-defined with lots of irregular mottling and atleast 6 other faint
stellarings scattered across the glow and its periphery (and yeah, I did
have a DSS print to debunk any possible SN candidates ;-(.  On that same
print, this galaxy appears to have wonderful (if not chaotic) spiral
strucure and what appears to be quite a few HII regions sprinkled here and
there.  I attempted blinking what seemed to be the most obvious of these
regions (at the far E side of the galaxy) with an Ultrablock and OIII
filter, however, I could only suspect a slight stellar brightening near the
area.  If anyone could give some observational feedback involving this
galaxy, I'd greatly appreciate it...

Thanx,

Jay
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Great spirits have often encountered violent opposition from mediocre
minds!!!"    ~Albert Einstein
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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Several months I was looking through Dave Riddle's copy of the Millenium
Atlas and 'discovered' an unusually large, faint galaxy near NGC 5128. Known
as the Fourcade-Figueroa galaxy (= ESO 270- G17), its about 3 degrees SE of
Centaurus A. It is a possible member of the Centaurus Galaxy Grp and
according to Thomson 1992 (Mon. Nat. R.astr. Soc 257, 689-698) it may be the
remnant of a near collison between NGC 5237 and NGC 5128.

Data:

  13hr 34' 39.6"
  -45 32' 27"

11.7 mag (p), 11.6' by 1.5'

After months of waiting, I finally got a chance to observe this object on
5/15/99 using an 18" F/5 Obsession. Sky conditions were good, but not
exceptional (Lm(v) ~ 6.2). At 176x, I could detect a 'hint' of brightening
in the center portion of the galaxy's location. At 260x, the SE part of
central region was definately visible as a faint, diffuse glow measuring ~
5' x 1.5'.

I'd like to hear of other observations of this galaxy, esp. from sites with
darker sky condtions (yeah hear me, Tom?  :-)

- Rich Jakiel

>


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Hi all,

    Eventhough I've missed the majority of this conversation so far, M 1-27
is indeed a peculiar object.  I observed it with a 10" f/5 Cave back in
1995.  I noted the object as being extremely faint and stellar in
appearance at all powers (up to 264x).  Furthermore,  there seemed to be
absolutely no response to the OIII filter at any power.  Unfortunate for
the time, the OIII was my only filter.  I do, however, suspect M 1-27 to be
an extremely compact, very low-excitation PN--generally defined by
[OIII]/Hb~0 to 1, HeII=0, and [NII]/Ha~1 (in which case, it will probably
react like many other such nebulae to the H-beta filter--given enough
aperture).  Interestingly, it appears that M 1-27 was once classified as a
peculiar Be star w/[NII] emission.  Anyway, this definitely prompts me to
make a follow-up with the 16-incher and the new H-beta filter.

Jay McNeil
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Great spirits have often encountered violent opposition from mediocre
minds!!!"    ~Albert Einstein
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

>To digress a bit, Tom mentioned using Minkowski 1-27 as a reference for
>searching for Djorgovski 1.  I'm curious if you tried blinking M1-27 with
>an OIII or other filter?

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John Herschel, who discovered N6380 while at the Cape with his 18.75-inch,
refrained from describing it as a globular.  Here are his two observations:

29 June 1834:  A star 9m, with a very evident nebulous wisp 90" l; 30" br.
The wisp by the diagram is fan-shaped, and extends in the np direction from
the star.

10 July 1836:  A star 9m, with an extremely F nebulous wisp or tail,
extending northwards about 1'.

Steve





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Tom,

N6380 is one of my favorite challenge globulars.  George de Lange and I
tackled it a number of years ago before it was fashionable to do so.  We
originally used the just released Uranometria 2000, but had no luck looking
where it said it should be.  I finally dug out a 1984 (June, I believe)
issue of S&T which had an article on it as well as an astrophoto.  Using the
Astrophoto, we finally zeroed in on it.  It was one of the lowest surface
brightness globulars I had ever dug out, and there was an 8th or 9th
magnitude star on the outer edge of the globular, making it very difficult
to see. This was all back in the late 1980's and both George and I used our
16-inch Newtonians.  One of the reasons I remember it so well is that at the
time I was not expecting an NGC globular to be such a difficult object.  Of
all the NGC globulars I've observed, this one sure seems to be the faintest
of them all.

/Bob


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From Brian Skiff --
>     I observed NGC 6380 with my 15cm refractor from Las Campanas in Chile;
>Hartung also comments that it was visible in 20cm and 15cm aperture.  So its
>evidently faint but straightforward from the southern hemisphere for modest
>apertures.

Wow. Shows what some added elevation will do.  I'd have to describe N6380
as difficult with a 13-inch from my regular observing site in the Sierra
foothills (latitude 38.5 degrees).

To digress a bit, Tom mentioned using Minkowski 1-27 as a reference for
searching for Djorgovski 1.  I'm curious if you tried blinking M1-27 with
an OIII or other filter?  There seems to be little if any response.

Steve



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Just wanted to drop in here with a quick 'state of the list' message. We
currently have 26 listmembers, who have all joined after hearing about the
list from word of mouth (there has been no general publicity yet). Most of
you in my mind represent a 'whos who' of deep sky observers that I go out
of my way to read, listen to, and otherwise respect. Not surprisingly from
such a quality group, the level of discussion here has been high, and the
distractions of noise offered by certain <ahem> "other forums" has been
very low. My reasons for opening this list are in some ways entirely
selfish: this is precisely what I had hoped to gain by doing this. I hope
this desire motivates you as well, but beyond that I hope you understand
that this is your list, and you folks define what we will be. Continue to
define away!

We have had two small glitches so far, both of which I think I have
corrected. One involved Jim Shields' address, which I entered subtly
improperly when he asked to subscribe. This resulted in the listbot
software thinking that Jim was a spammer, and setting him up as a
'moderated' poster. Sorry, Jim, that was my fault! The other has involved a
small glitch with joining the list, which also should be corrected.

Our very first posting to the list possibly bears repeating. It was made
when there were many fewer members, and it is the sort of engaging,
interesting posting that I like to see, so I am going to take the liberty
of reposting it below:



>From: DRiddle941@...
>Date: Wed, 26 May 1999 20:35:57 EDT
>To: AMASTRO@egroups.com
>Subject: [amastro] Is MCG-07-35-001 a Galaxy ?
>
>Hi Folks
>   A little over a degree southeast of the spectacular galactic cluster NGC
>6231 in Scorpius lies the lonely galaxy MCG-07-35-001 . Located just off the
>galactic plane , this small galaxy seems out of place nestled among the
>surrounding open clusters and planetary nebulae ... and a few minutes of
>looking into the on-line databases confirmed my hunch - the Morphological '
>galaxy ' is a small reflection nebula according to the NED . My story may
>have well ended there if it were not for the fact that my copy of the Atlas
>of Galactic Nebulae classifies the object as a hybrid reflection / emission
>nebula ( van den Bergh-Hagen 80 ) and appears to be a brighter knot in the
>much more extensive nebula RCW 113. A peculiar feature of VDBH 80 is a
>delicate arc of light that lies just to the west . Catalogued as SFO 85 (
>also referred to as BRC 85 ) , this faint rim probably defines the
>interacting boundries of the nebula and UV radiation from O stars that are
>plentiful in this area . VDBH 80 lies that the extreme southern boundry of
>the ( photographically ) prominent dark nebula SL 19 .
>   So , one question had led to another - is VDBH 80 a reflection nebula or
>an emission nebula ? A chance to examine the field with my 18" f/5 reflector
>at the TSP a couple of weeks ago may have answered the question . Using a
>14mm Meade UWA eyepiece ( 163 X ) and a 1.25" UHC filter , VDBH 80 exhibited
>a modest gain in contrast as opposed to an unfiltered view . My notes
>indicate a small weak glow about 45 arc seconds across with 3 stars involved
>without a filter . Poor seeing conditions and fatigue conspired to make me
>decide to more fully observe this nebula at a later date ... I'll be the
>first to admit that ' eyeball astrophysics ' has real limitations , but this
>nebula certainly appears to have some emissin nebula characteristics ...
>

>                                                           Dave Riddle



--
Jeff Medkeff          | Acting Assistant Coordinator
Rockland Observatory  | Association of Lunar and Planetary
Hereford, Arizona     | Observers, Solar Section

On the web at http://shutter.vet.ohio-state.edu/

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I observed NGC 6380 with my 15cm refractor from Las Campanas in Chile;
Hartung also comments that it was visible in 20cm and 15cm aperture.  So its
evidently faint but straightforward from the southern hemisphere for modest
apertures.  The next step would be to resolve it, which should be possible
with 35cm or 40cm at high power in good seeing (about like NGC 2419 in terms
of brightest stars).
      Both Roger Sinnott (for the MSA atlas) and Emil Bonanno (for MegaStar)
seem to have got mixed up occasionally on the columns of my globular clusters
"observables" table.  It could well be that some tab characters slipped into
the file (which I try to avoid) that were misread by software (and not
checked by hand afterwards).  At any rate, Djorgovski 1 is indeed mag. 13 or
14-ish and not 13.whatever arcminutes across.  There is a paper by Ortolani
et al (1995 A&A 296,680) that gives what I think of as an attempt at getting
a color-magnitude diagram for the cluster.  The brightest stars are
_possibly_ as bright as V=18.5, but even if you believe the data apply to
cluster stars (I'm not convinced), they have V-I color between 3.5 and 4.0,
making them appear most of a magnitude fainter visually.  The I-band image
of the cluster shown in the paper barely reveals the cluster, and it would
be several magnitudes fainter in V.
      The current version of the globulars data table can be found at:
ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/bas/deepsky/globulars.tab    A data is given at the
top of the file showing when it was last revised.

\Brian

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Barbara Wilson's globular cluster report was great reading.  The globulars
near the galaxy's center are well placed for the next dark run.

UKS-1 may be completely out of my league, as I use a 20-inch telescope.  I
did take a look at a few other faint ones that are nearby two weekends ago.
  A group of us were set up at Sunglow Ranch in southeast Arizona.  This is
a site that one member of this list says is about a half magnitude better
than Prude Ranch.  On a night with outstanding seeing and transparency,

Chris Schur and I looked at the once challenging globular NGC 6380.  By
Barbara's standards, this would be rather pedestrian, but I could see it
being a challenge for a 10-inch or smaller scope.  A half degree away is
Ton 2, which really is a poor excuse for a globular cluster.  It was
nothing more than a faint mist 2' across with no central brightening
through our 20-inch scopes.  Again, it would be interesting to learn of the
smallest scope used to see this globular.  Being obsessed with little
planetaries, Chris turned to Minkowski 1-27, which acts as a guidepost to
globular Djorgovski 1.  He didn't see it.  I didn't see it.  What were we
doing wrong?  Its size is listed in Megastar as a whopping 13.6' with a
source given as "Skiff."  I presume this size is a mistake, as Brian's
table of globulars at http://www.ngcic.com/papers/gcdata.htm says the
magnitude is an uncertain 13.6, and gives no size.  What's the real scoop
on Djorg 1?

Tom

------------------------------------------

Tom Polakis
Tempe, AZ
Arizona Sky Pages
http://www.psiaz.com/polakis/

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One of the often over looked globular clusters in Charles Messiers
Catalogue is M92.  Certainly the proximity and ease of locating M13 has
a lot to do with this, not to mention other globulars like M5, M22 et
al.

My first view of this globular from a very dark site was Dugas Rd,
Arizona in my 8" during 1987.  It instantly appeared as a 3-D object at
160 power!  The halo of stars along the outer 4' rim became more
condensed towards the bright 2' diameter middle until few stars were
resolved in the central 2'

M92 can easily be found about 1/3 of the way from iota to eta Her and
should be visible in dark skies in an 8X50 finder.  Don't pass this up
if you get a chance during Hercules' current apparition.

No clouds,
AJ Crayon


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Sorry everyone, but the list seems to need a bit of adjustment.  I am
not supposed to be moderating the group now, but the computer is sending
me messages (as a moderator) to approve some posts!  When I did approve
them, I generated the blank messages you received a few minutes ago.

Anyway, I am going to see Jeff tomorrow and we'll try to get a laptop
and fix the problems.

Sorry for the blank posts,

Derek Wong
dawong@...

P.S. I won't be available for 48 hrs. due to RTMC.

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From: Jim & Mai Shields <redshift@...>
To: amastro@eGroups.com
Subject: A Weekend for Armchair Astronomy
Date: Fri, 28 May 1999 16:39:09 -0700

Well, it looks like a perfect weekend for armchair astronomy, with bad
weather in Northern California and a Full Moon, unless you happen to be
at
Riverside.

You might want to check out some new additions to my website:

Rod Mollise's observing report from the Texas Star Party is available
from
my homepage or at:
http://redshift.home.pipeline.com/tsp.htm

Barbara Wilson's observing notes for all 11 Terzan globulars, together
with
CCD finder charts, are now available online, along with the story of her
long odyssey to observe UKS-1, the faintest known globular cluster in
the
Milky Way. There is a link from my Terzan webpage at:
http://redshift.home.pipeline.com/terzan.htm
or you can go direct:
http://www.hmns.org/hmns/george/globular.html

Hope you enjoy these new additions.

Jim Shields
redshift@...
visit my website:
http://www.angelfire.com/id/jsredshift/index.html

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I can understand why one would want a flat galaxy catalog, as I find that
edge-on's are some of the most interesting ones to go dig out, especially if
they have a discernable dust lane.

If the orientations are _not_ random, does anyone have a theory as to why
that is?  ...seems that the universe keeps getting curiouser and curiouser
the more we find out about it.

/Bob
----- Original Message -----
From: Brian Skiff <bas@...>
To: <bobe@...>
Cc: <amastro@egroups.com>
Sent: Friday, May 28, 1999 3:33 PM
Subject: Re: [amastro] Re: Flat galaxies


>      Certainly in rich clusters the orientations are _not_ random, and
there
> have been ideas that maybe they aren't random generally.  And that was the
> ultimate purpose of the catalogue.  Ordinary disc galaxies are indeed as
> flat as pancakes, so the axis ratio limit they used merely limits things
> to really edge-on galaxies.  There's nothing special about their flatness
> per se.
>
> \Brian


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Certainly in rich clusters the orientations are _not_ random, and there
have been ideas that maybe they aren't random generally.  And that was the
ultimate purpose of the catalogue.  Ordinary disc galaxies are indeed as
flat as pancakes, so the axis ratio limit they used merely limits things
to really edge-on galaxies.  There's nothing special about their flatness
per se.

\Brian

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Brian,

Is there anything unusual or unique about galaxies which are oriented such
that they present a view of themselves whereby the major/minor axis ratio is
7 or larger?  Isn't this what one would expect given a random distribution
and orientation of galaxies?....or am I missing something cosmologically
significant here?

/Bob

----- Original Message -----
From: Brian Skiff <bas@...>
To: <amastro@egroups.com>
Sent: Friday, May 28, 1999 2:58 PM
Subject: [amastro] Flat galaxies


>      I noticed to day in the Strasbourg VizieR new catalogues listing that
> the Karachentsev flat galaxy catalogue is now available on-line.  This
> consists of an all-sky inventory of (you guessed it) flat galaxies,
> specifically those having axis ratios of 7 or larger---4500 in total.
Some
> information and links for the complete file and look-up utility can be
> found starting at:
>
> http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?VII/162
>
> Note that all but a handful of these objects are quite faint, but make
good
> CCD targets.  Tom Polakis' list of bright edge-on galaxies really includes
> the cream of the crop (http://www.psiaz.com/polakis/edgeons/edgeon.html),
> at least for the northern sky.
>
> \Brian
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Track your stocks and funds in a StockMaster portfolio.  With easy
> setup, you get quotes, charts, and news for them all on just one page.
> No limits, fast loading, and FREE!   http://clickhere.egroups.com/click/67
>
> --
>
> This message is from the AmAstro mailing list. To be removed, please
contact medkeff@....
>
>
>
>


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I noticed to day in the Strasbourg VizieR new catalogues listing that
the Karachentsev flat galaxy catalogue is now available on-line.  This
consists of an all-sky inventory of (you guessed it) flat galaxies,
specifically those having axis ratios of 7 or larger---4500 in total.  Some
information and links for the complete file and look-up utility can be
found starting at:

http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?VII/162

Note that all but a handful of these objects are quite faint, but make good
CCD targets.  Tom Polakis' list of bright edge-on galaxies really includes
the cream of the crop (http://www.psiaz.com/polakis/edgeons/edgeon.html),
at least for the northern sky.

\Brian

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Well;

I will start the observation part of the fun with a view of
M 100 that I had from a site about 60 miles from central Phoenix,
using my 13" f/5.6 Newtonian.  I rated the night 7/10 for
seeing and transparency.

NGC 4321 (M 100)  bright, large, round, brighter middle, big face-on.
Faint, elongated companion fits in 40' field.  A small version of
M 33.  With the 13" at Cherry Rd. on a 7/10 night it is bright,
large, irregularly round, much, much brighter in the middle, very
mottled and shows a hint of spiral structure at 150X.  At 220X
the bright core is stellar 30% of the time.  The core is light
yellow and the spiral arms are silvery.  The spiral structure is
more prominent at high power.

Clear Skies;
Steve Coe

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The southern reflection nebula catalogue by van den Bergh had as a
collaborator Bill Herbst, not Gretchen Hagen, so the "H" is for Herbst, not
Hagen.  Hagen participated in the open cluster survey with van den Bergh.
The source paper for the nebulae is:  1975 AJ 80,208.  All the AJs back to
number 1 are now scanned in and available through the ADS service.

\Brian

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Hi Folks
    A little over a degree southeast of the spectacular galactic cluster NGC
6231 in Scorpius lies the lonely galaxy MCG-07-35-001 . Located just off the
galactic plane , this small galaxy seems out of place nestled among the
surrounding open clusters and planetary nebulae ... and a few minutes of
looking into the on-line databases confirmed my hunch - the Morphological '
galaxy ' is a small reflection nebula according to the NED . My story may
have well ended there if it were not for the fact that my copy of the Atlas
of Galactic Nebulae classifies the object as a hybrid reflection / emission
nebula ( van den Bergh-Hagen 80 ) and appears to be a brighter knot in the
much more extensive nebula RCW 113. A peculiar feature of VDBH 80 is a
delicate arc of light that lies just to the west . Catalogued as SFO 85 (
also referred to as BRC 85 ) , this faint rim probably defines the
interacting boundries of the nebula and UV radiation from O stars that are
plentiful in this area . VDBH 80 lies that the extreme southern boundry of
the ( photographically ) prominent dark nebula SL 19 .
    So , one question had led to another - is VDBH 80 a reflection nebula or
an emission nebula ? A chance to examine the field with my 18" f/5 reflector
at the TSP a couple of weeks ago may have answered the question . Using a
14mm Meade UWA eyepiece ( 163 X ) and a 1.25" UHC filter , VDBH 80 exhibited
a modest gain in contrast as opposed to an unfiltered view . My notes
indicate a small weak glow about 45 arc seconds across with 3 stars involved
without a filter . Poor seeing conditions and fatigue conspired to make me
decide to more fully observe this nebula at a later date ... I'll be the
first to admit that ' eyeball astrophysics ' has real limitations , but this
nebula certainly appears to have some emissin nebula characteristics ...

                                                            Dave Riddle

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Karen A. Medkeff, DVM
Licensed Veterinarian in Ohio and Arizona
Have a great day!

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Jeff Medkeff          | Acting Assistant Coordinator
Rockland Observatory  | Association of Lunar and Planetary
Hereford, Arizona     | Observers, Solar Section

On the web at http://shutter.vet.ohio-state.edu/

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Jeff Medkeff          | Acting Assistant Coordinator
Rockland Observatory  | Association of Lunar and Planetary
Hereford, Arizona     | Observers, Solar Section

On the web at http://shutter.vet.ohio-state.edu/

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