This was a very busy before 12/31/2000 but when the
world didn't end this group slowed way down.

Feel free to jump in a start something.

ymhbiC

Bryan

--- murrayhillfarmer <murrayhillfarmer@...>
wrote:

> What is going on in this group? All I have gotten
> are a few junk emails
> since I joined. Is it still operating?
> Don
>
>
>
>


ymhbiC

Bryan(Griz)Womack


http://www.knightsofthewordmm.com


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What is going on in this group? All I have gotten are a few junk emails
since I joined. Is it still operating?
Don

HE IS RISEN INDEED!!!!!!!!!!!

ymhbiC

Bryan

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Hi,
I am interested in training oxen and have been doing some research via
the internet.  I found this group and wanted to know if any of you who
may have oxen are in the California.  I'm near Fresno in Central CA.
Jim

Equestrian girls here, anyone wanna ride together?

So many questrian girls here, wanna find someone to ride together.

Free to join, wanna go?

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The importance of work animals in rural China

http://www.fao.org/ag/
http://www.fao.org/ag/aga/agap/war/warall/v0600b/v0600b0m.htm

History
Resources
Current situation of utilization
Harness design
Conclusions
(look end of this mail)


L'importance des animaux de trait en Chine rurale
La Chine utilise largement ses abondantes ressources animales pour la
traction et le transport Selon des statistiques publiées en 1993, 80
des 140 millions d'animaux de grande taille étaient utilisés comme
bêtes de somme. Ces animaux étaient autrefois très importants pour le
développement économique et le sont encore aujourd'hui. Dans les
années 80 et 90, pas moins du tiers de la production agricole totale
a été réalisé à l'aide d'animaux de trait. Cet article décrit de
façon détaillée l'utilisation des animaux de trait dans plusieurs
provinces de la Chine, comme source non seulement d'énergie, mais
également de produits comme le lait, la viande et les peaux, et comme
moyen de transport de courte distance Néanmoins, il faudra renforcer
les activités de recherche et de développement appliqués afin de
définir des stratégies pour une meilleure utilisation des animaux de
trait en agriculture De nouveaux harnais sont également décrits
brièvement.


Wang Mengjie and Ding Yi
Wang Mengjie is Director, China Centre for Rural Energy Research and
Training, and Deputy Director, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Engineering Research and Planning, where Ding Yi is the Engineer.
They can be contacted at 11 Nong Zhan Nan Li Road, 100026 Beijing,
China.

History
In China, cattle have been domesticated and used for draught purposes
for 6 000 years and horses for 5 000 years. They were mainly used for
war, transportation and agricultural purposes, and, by the Tang
Dynasty, about l 000 years ago, the techniques for training draught
animals had already reached a high level, as had the development of
harnesses. Rural areas in China still use these traditional
techniques for feeding, rearing and using horses. These include
selective breeding (castration) as well as breaking-in and training
techniques. Similarly, China has also accumulated a great deal of
experience in exploiting cattle as work animals. For example, the
Main review on cattle judgement, published in the Qing Dynasty, is a
book of 12 000 characters in which such key issues as judging and
feeding are described. Many other technical books on these subjects
have been published, including those by Qin Lu and Tang Liu Dian.

Resources
Draught power resources are plentiful in China, with almost every
kind of work animal in the world being available. Horses, cattle,
buffaloes, mules, donkeys, camels and yaks are all important, with
horses and cattle being the most widely used. These large animals
were very important for economic development in ancient times and
have remained so to the present day.

According to statistics published at the end of 1993, there were
almost 140 million large animals in China, of which about 80 million
were used for work purposes.

Comparative contribution of different power sources - Comparaison
entre les différentes sources d'énergie - Contribución comparativa de
distintas fuentes de energía

Year
  Total work (% 108 hp)
  Power sources (%)

Humans
  Draught animals
  Machines

1980
  68.11
  21.60
  25.61
  52.79

1990
  108.70
  12.50
  29.70
  57.82

2000 (projected)
  137.80
  12.93
  17.70
  69.36



Despite increasing trends towards mechanization, the contribution of
work animals in rural development cannot be ignored. One-third of the
total agricultural output achieved in the 1980s and 1990s was
produced using draught animals. The average daily work output of
individual large animals, such as horses, cattle and buffaloes, is
approximately 0.6 to 0.7 hp. In northern China, work animals are used
for an average of 270 days per year, working six hours per day. Total
annual work output per animal can be estimated to be 972 hp/h. In the
Table, energy resources contributed by machines, draught animals and
humans are compared. When compared with the mechanized work output,
which reached 36 x 108 hp in the 1980s, draught animal power was very
important, having contributed a significant 17 x 108 hp. and this is
expected to increase to 24 x 108 hp in the year 2000.

Current situation of utilization
Agricultural cultivation (ploughing, planting and harvesting), off-
field activities (crop processing, electricity generation, etc.) and
transportation (fertilizers, materials and final products) still
depend heavily on draught animal power, especially in remote rural
areas.

In Heilongjiang Province, for example, where the level of
mechanization is comparatively high, work performed using energy from
oil and electricity was only 4 percent more than that realized when
energy provided by draught animals was used. In other rural areas
where mechanization is not as advanced, the work done by draught
animals was 54 percent greater than that provided using oil and
electricity. Because supplies of oil and electricity cannot meet
demand, it is essential that alternative energy sources such as human
and animal power are fully exploited. Supplies of oil and electricity
are not expected to increase dramatically in the coming years, and
therefore draught animals will continue to play a vital role in rural
areas. From the farmer's point of view, draught animals not only
provide power-but also fertilizer and other services of economic
value. They are efficient and economically viable for on-farm and
short-distance transportation. Under specific conditions, such as on
hills, mountains, very rough rocky land, very small plots and also in
paddy fields, it is often an advantage to use draught power. It is
obvious, however, that mechanization will gradually replace draught
animal power.

Farm animals represent a biological source of renewable energy and
provide manure as organic fertilizer. They also provide products such
as milk, beef and hides. In some provinces, including Sichuan,
Jiangsu and Zhejiang, new kinds of dual-purpose farm animals obtained
through cross-breeding, are becoming very popular. These animals are
used as work animals and for milk production.

A negative aspect is that work animals are normally not used
throughout the whole year and farmers do not look after idle animals
as carefully as they do those providing a daily work output. During
idle periods, not only is work potential wasted, but the animals may
often be malnourished and neglected as well.

Harness design
New harness designs, such as the Nanjing cattle harness, have
improved the transfer of power from the animal to the plough and have
increased traction force and power by 24 and 48 percent,
respectively. This is the result of the contact area between the
harness and the animal having been enlarged from 120 to 870 cm²,
giving a subsequent increased traction force of 33.2 percent and
improved power of 44.9 percent. Furthermore, because of greater
efficiency and comfort, cattle are less prone to fatigue. The pulling
point is changed, the traction force is increased, power is improved
and cattle do not suffer from skin sores.

This new harness is based on a U-shaped steel frame with the open end
facing downwards and its extremities curved forward. a 30-cm belt
ties both sides of the collar around the neck. The metal frame is
padded with a cloth wrapping, bound with canvas and protected by
waterproof material.

It is important to take into consideration the body shape of the
animal when designing a harness. The shape of the neck of oxen is
different from that of cows and this requires a specific modification
in shape for each type of animal.

Conclusions
China has along history of using draught animals, achieving many good
results and accumulating much practical experience. Although
influenced by the development of agricultural mechanization,
utilization of work animals should not be ignored. Great attention
should continue to be paid to plans that will encourage the full and
efficient use of work animals. It is noteworthy that the development
of draught animals has been included in rural energy development
plans In this context the following suggestions have been made:


· diversify and intensify the annual use of work animal resources and
ensure adequate and constant management levels;
· increase the use of practical feeding techniques and provide
adequate nutrition levels for work animals throughout the year;

· encourage research and develop and improve devices and equipment
that are suitable for work animals, appropriate for local manufacture
and affordable to peasants;

· study ways in which work animals may contribute to the generation
and storage of electricity in light of the serious shortage of
electricity in most rural areas in China.

China is a large agricultural country with a wealth of work animals
Through international cooperation, the country is willing to
strengthen applied research and development activities towards
defining better strategies for the use of work animals in
agriculture.

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L'établissement d'enseignement Agricole de Montmorillon,
l'EPLEFPA Jean Marie Bouloux,
en partenariat avec l'Association des Chevaux de Trait de la Vienne
et le Haras National de Saintes,
organise

UN SALON DE LA TRACTION ANIMALE ET DU CHEVAL DE TRAIT
LES 25 ET 26 JUIN 2005
SUR LE SITE DE LA FERME DE L'ETABLISSEMENT AGRICOLE.

Cette manifestation, qui est une première à Montmorillon, est
organisée dans une optique professionnelle et technique et se veut le
reflet d'une utilisation rationnelle et polyvalente du cheval de
trait, en évitant l'aspect trop «folklorique» de ce genre de
manifestation.

Les nombreuses demandes de formation exprimées dans ce domaine
révèlent de réels besoins et un retour en force du cheval de trait
comme partenaire des travaux de l'homme, tant dans la viticulture que
le maraîchage ou le débardage.
Il ouvre aussi des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine de
l'insertion sociale, de l'animation et des travaux communaux en zone
péri urbaine et urbaine.

Programme prévisionnel:

* Samedi 25 Juin:

Matin: Concours des Haras Nationaux Modèles et allures Chevaux de
trait
(Il s'agira du premier concours de ce type à Montmorillon):
Les races présentées seront: Trait Poitevin, Percheron, Breton,
Comtois, Ardennais
Et en races Asines: Baudet du Poitou et Grand Noir du Berry

Après Midi:

Ateliers professionnels et démonstrations, Viticulture Bio,
maraîchage, Polyculture élevage, débardage, et notamment

Viticulture:
- Conférence sur l'utilisation des animaux, conséquences humaines,
agronomiques, techniques et économiques
- Sur le terrain: conséquence sur la compaction des sols et
influences sur la vigne et le vin, notion de «plantes compagnes» et
solidarité «inter règnes» (animal, végétal et minéral)
- Démonstration de matériel (Promata…)

Maraîchage:
- Conférence sur l'utilisation du cheval en maraîchage et
conséquences agronomiques et sur l'organisation des cultures etc…
- Démonstrations de matériel de maraîchage

Polyculture élevage:
- Exposition de matériel et démonstrations
- Charrue hydraulique, cover crop, semoir combiné, épandeur à fumier,
bineuse, distributeur centrifuge d'engrais…
Ce matériel est prêté par le Domaine de Boisbuchet à Lessac (16)

Chevaux territoriaux
- Stand photos et vidéo des différents chantiers: débardage, berges
de rivières, entretien zones humides (Mouterre s/Blourde, Vienne
Gorre…)
- Commentaires sur l'intérêt de ces chantiers (environnemental,
économique et humains…)
- Présentation par la ville de Saumur de l'utilisation des chevaux de
trait pour le ramassage des déchets en ville

Différents stands proposeront des informations sur les organisations
agricoles, les métiers liés au cheval de trait, la bourrellerie, les
matériels etc…

Des animations seront proposées tout au long de la journée…des
visites du «jard'insolite» (jardin bio intégré au réseau Cocagne sur
le site de l'EPLEA)

Le soir un repas champêtre et festif sera organisé autour du four à
pain avec fabrication de pain et musique traditionnelle Irlandaise et
Bretonne par le groupe «Devil's Dream»

* Dimanche 26 Juin:

Matin:

Randonnée attelée et cavalière sur « La route des brandes et des
métairies» autour et dans Montmorillon de 9h à 12h
Inscriptions auprès de Virginie Sabourin à l'EPLEFPA: 05.49.91.03.97
Bivouac possible à partir du Samedi Après Midi

Après midi: Concours d'attelage (Parcours en terrain varié): ouvert à
tout attelage (trait chevaux de sport, poneys…)

- Présentation par la ville de Saumur de l'utilisation des chevaux de
trait pour le ramassage des déchets en ville

Et bien sûr, toujours démonstrations, stands et animations…

Des repas seront servis durant les deux jours par les cuisiniers de
l'EPLEA de Montmorillon…

Tarifs entrées: 3euros/personne (gratuité au moins de 15 ans)

Pour les repas, des tickets seront vendus mais vous pouvez réserver
auprès de l'EPLEFPA (05.49.91.03.97) surtout pour le Samedi soir.



information transmisme par:
Equi-Info-Développement asbl
20 rue A Fossant B1380 Lasne Belgique
http://www.equinfo.org/ et http://www.hippomobile.be
Les équidés ont leurs places dans notre société moderne !
Découvrez les autres mondes du cheval et faites vous connaître d'eux !

I would think they could handle a 6' mule disc

--- "wfb@..." <wfb@...> wrote:
> Does anyone out there have any idea how large a set
> of disc
> harrows a team of Holstein steers could be expected
> to work
>
> Thanks
>
> Will Brooks
>

ymhbiC

Bryan(Griz)Womack

http://www.cycledisciples.com/index.html

http://www.biblegateway.com

__________________________________________________
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Does anyone out there have any idea how large a set of disc
harrows a team of Holstein steers could be expected to work

Thanks

Will Brooks

Hi everyone,

I realize Wyoming isn't exactly the midwest, but I thought I'd join
anyhow.  I grew up on a ranch in the Widriver Mtns.  I have ridden
horses all my life.  Three years ago I was blessed with a perfectly
matched team of young Morgans.  I have broken them both to ride and now
I would like to get them in harness.  While I have a good general
knowledge of training horses, I know very little about driving.  I'm
sure I'll be asking lots of dumb questions.

You can see my boys at http://www.sherrysapothecary.com/Homestead.html

Have a great day!

Sherry





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Hi Sherry ~ If you have trained the boys to ride you have horse knowledge
enough to start them correctly for driving...Get Small Farmers Journal ..they
have good driving books listed & many helpful articles..Morgans are a good breed
to choose for homestead work..A nice combination type.. Do your ground work &
have many years of partnership with them..  come back here every once in
awhile... Virginia Davis

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Hi everyone,

I realize Wyoming isn't exactly the midwest, but I thought I'd join
anyhow.  I grew up on a ranch in the Widriver Mtns.  I have ridden
horses all my life.  Three years ago I was blessed with a perfectly
matched team of young Morgans.  I have broken them both to ride and now
I would like to get them in harness.  While I have a good general
knowledge of training horses, I know very little about driving.  I'm
sure I'll be asking lots of dumb questions.

You can see my boys at http://www.sherrysapothecary.com/Homestead.html

Have a great day!

Sherry

--- In animaltraction@yahoogroups.com, "vdavgrannie@j..."
<vdavgrannie@j...> wrote:
>
>     Welcome ~ The area you are in has some pretty good folks
doing "our thing"..It is easier to talk about it than to do it & you
have to be able give the time & energy to it .. Most new people find
out fast that there is a lot of labor to doing things Grandpa did..Go
to some of the draft horse get togethers & find an old man to work
for...Start at the bottom & work up.."the book" tells a lot,but you
have to get sweaty & dirty a lot to learn..
>      Can't imagine wanting to be hooked into a group that is
policing animal care unless they are livestock people, not city
people..If you've got lots of time maybe its your thing.
>       There are many areas of self-sufficient living where an
animal can make the chore much easier be it equine or bovine.. Good
luck  VDavis
>

Thank you for the welcome!

I already know there was way more work in "the good ole days" than
anyone can even imagine today. Too bad more can't learn this. And I
know if you do read it in a book, you have to go out and apply it in
order to really learn. Making things easier is what I was hoping to
do! <G>

The sad fact is that people are already policing you-all of us-on our
care of animals-probably the rats in the corn crib, even. (And that
is no joke...) They are stealing livestock all over the US under the
guise of "rescuing" them. Of course, there are definately legimate
cases of it occaisonaly, unfortunatly. As I have always understood
it, whoever handles it; humane society, sheriff's office, etc. are
supposed to go to the people after they have received a complaint and
talk to them-find out what is going on; animal(s) sick, old, got
feed, water, etc. If a problem is found, the people are to be told
what they are, how to correct it, and given a *reasonable* time to
correct it. If they don't, then something may be done to remove the
animal(s). Most states don't require that they be removed from the
property. However, what seems to be going on most places is they just
show up at a person's door with truck and trailer or whatever is
needed and the crew to do it with and they start loading up. Charges
are usually filed at some point, the animals are seldom if ever
returned to the owner, the "foster parents" get them for free and in
some cases, a bill is presented to the owners besides. (Got a really
good case of that going on in Iowa right now...and it is being
discussed thoroughly in the group.) This group is to gather
information about *how* this is being done, if it's considered the
correct way and/or if there might be better ways of doing it. It is
for *everyone* to contribute to with the decision made at some point
as to whether changes need to be made and how to go about doing it.
Name calling, nasty remarks and this type of thing isn't allowed.
Questions can be asked but more people are needed, in my opinion, to
get a good idea of how things are all over the US. No, I don't have a
lot of time, either, but I feel this is worthwhile if we want to
remain livestock owners-maybe if we want to be able to keep a dog-in
the future as more and more city people move into the rural areas and
try to change everyone's way of life to suit *them*. We all know
about Peta...we had a *gang* break into the research lab and let the
animals all out and destroy research and property at the University
of Iowa Hospital and Clinic a few months ago so while we may not want
it and aren't looking for it, it's coming to us.

Thanks again! I hope I can learn a lot from the group. I have the
idea but not the know-how!
> ___________________________________________________________________
> Speed up your surfing with Juno SpeedBand.
> Now includes pop-up blocker!
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Welcome ~ The area you are in has some pretty good folks doing "our
thing"..It is easier to talk about it than to do it & you have to be able give
the time & energy to it .. Most new people find out fast that there is a lot of
labor to doing things Grandpa did..Go to some of the draft horse get togethers &
find an old man to work for...Start at the bottom & work up.."the book" tells a
lot,but you have to get sweaty & dirty a lot to learn..
      Can't imagine wanting to be hooked into a group that is policing animal
care unless they are livestock people, not city people..If you've got lots of
time maybe its your thing.
       There are many areas of self-sufficient living where an animal can make
the chore much easier be it equine or bovine.. Good luck  VDavis

___________________________________________________________________
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Hello,
    I am a new member trying to learn what my father knew! I don't have
any type of draft animal at this time but I would like to learn about
them and how they are trained. I am in the midwest-Iowa, to be exact.
    While looking for groups, I ran onto a new one that I think anyone
with animals should at least check out. They are trying to gather
information about the way animals supposedly being "neglected" are
being seized. They are asking for contibuters to the group whether you
are for or against the way it is being currently done. It is:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ProcedureOfAnimalRescue

I've heard tell of a Standardbred x Belgian being well liked among the
Amish and Mennonites. The 50/50 cross is common, but a 75% Belgian is
preferred.

From what I have been told they get the work attitude of the Belgians
plus some added height without detracting from the structure.

The height lets the cross cover ground a bit better so they can be
used between the shafts effectively, but they are still powerful
enough to be useful in the field.

A lighter animal (1500#) is also proven to be more efficient in their
pulling, as well as easer to maintain nutritionally.


Chronologically_dislpaced