Today Jupiter and Moon were visible near each other. Indeed, on November 24, 2009, at midnight Universal Time, their geographical positions were:
Moon GHA: 99 degrees 32.3' Declination: S 11 degrees 44.7'
Jupiter GHA: 100 degrees 23.9' Declination: S 15 degrees 45.7'
I decided that this "cosmic alignment" :-) marked a good time to mention on this list that anyone with a computer and a spreadsheet program can easily calculate the above results for themselves (see the attached moon.xls). For more information, go to:
I believe that this could be a fun resource for students to learn
about astronomy, celestial mechanics, and geometry. The spreadsheets available through the above website were designed to perform calculations for the traditional methods of celestial navigation, hence the use of the GHA (Greenwich Hour Angle) instead of right ascension.
Peter Hakel Sparks, Nevada
From: Enrique <enrique.a.gomez@...> To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Sent: Mon, November 23, 2009 3:07:46 PM Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
Angela,
You can amplify the silliness by putting numbers and equations to the 2012 muddle.
I sat down and compared the the force of the MW black hole on the Earth (you know, the one that is responsible for the apocalypse) to the Moon on the Earth.
The force on the Earth from the MW BW is 10 billion pounds. (4.4 x 10^10 Newtons). That is assuming a 4 x 10^6 black hole.
The force on the Earth from the Moon is 4.35 x 10^19 pounds (1.9x10^20 Newtons).
The Moon has 4.36 billion times more force on us because it is much closer (inverse square law). Hence, we have to worry more about the moon any given day.
What Arguelles et al. are arguing is that there is going to be a severing of a link between all life and Earth and that black hole on 12/21/12. But that means that such link has to carry a tension that doesn't obey the inverse square law if we have to worry about it. But if we are dealing with a force that is only inversely proportional, or even independent of distance, then why not worry about about any galaxy on the ecliptic and its monster black hole as well?
A succinct info sheet on 2012 can be found on this site (tip of the tinfoil hat to Phil Plait.)
--- In astrolrner@yahoogro ups.com, "Speck, Angela" <speckan@... > wrote:
>
> My favorite way to get people thinking about how silly the 2012 thing is, is to start with the whole alignment thing.
> On various sites, and on the horrible History Channel “documentary” it is stated that the Sun will align with the center of the galaxy at sunrise on the winter solstice 2012. It doesn’t take too much effort or explanation to see how ridiculous this statement is. Once you’ve done that, a lot of the people (mostly high schoolers) I’ve talked to have a much healthier level of skepticism about the various other claims.
>
> I do have a grad student doing a term paper on some aspects of the myth for my Solar system course. It’ll be interesting to see what he comes up with.
> ____________ _________ _________ _________ ________
> Dr. Angela Speck
> Associate Professor
> Physics & Astronomy
> University of Missouri
> Columbia, MO 65211
>
> Tel: 573 882 8371
> Cell: 573 489 6075
> Fax: 573 882 4195
>
> http://web.missouri.edu/~speckan
> http://stardust. missouri. edu
>
> "If we knew what we were doing,
> it wouldn't be called research, would it?"
> ____________ _________ _________ _________ ________
>
> From: astrolrner@yahoogro ups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogro ups.com] On Behalf Of KDConod
> Sent: Sunday, November 22, 2009 11:54 AM
> To: astrolrner@yahoogro ups.com
> Subject: Re: [Astrolrner@ CAE] Re:2012 and related things
>
>
> The other similar version of this is that the Sun will align with the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center in 2012. So my question is when is the Sun closest to Sagittarius A? Using Starry Night it seems to be in the 2100's but it be nice to know a more precise date...
>
> Kevin Conod
> kdconod@...
>
>
> ____________ _________ _________ __
> From: Chris Anderson <CAnderson@. ..>
> To: "astrolrner@yahoogro ups.com" <astrolrner@yahoogro ups.com>
> Sent: Tue, November 17, 2009 12:22:47 PM
> Subject: [Astrolrner@ CAE] Re:2012 and related things
>
>
> Liam McDaid’s notes on 2012 indicate that the winter solstice Sun’s closest approach to the galactic equator occurred in 1998. However, my own research (using Software Bisque’s “The Sky”) indicates that it doesn’t happen until 2047. Liam, may I ask where your 1998 date came from?
>
> Chris Anderson
> Production Specialist, Faulkner Planetarium
> Coordinator, Centennial Observatory
> Herrett Center for Arts & Science
> College of Southern Idaho
> Twin Falls, Idaho, USA
>
This is similar to a claim made recently by the Cal State system that community college students aren't capable of critical thinking. They want wording to that effect in the curricular documentation. It has my collegues and I hopping mad. I wonder if it's the same mentality as your board members?
Liam McDaid Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy Sacramento City College 3835 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 558-2005 mcdaidl@...
From: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Speck, Angela Sent: Monday, November 23, 2009 11:32 AM To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Inquiry based learning in K-12
Hello everyone
I find myself embroiled in an argument with my local school board over the use of inquiry-based teaching strategies in grade 6-8. (Those of you that are also Facebook friends may have seen this already)
Here’s a link to our local newspaper’s blog entry, and ensuing comments:
Essentially the two most vociferous school board members do not want any inquiry in grades 6-8 classrooms!
I find this bizarre, irritating, and something I am going to fight, but I would welcome comments from the people on this forum, especially from those people who deal with K-12 curricula.
I suspect the issue is largely about the perception that “inquiry” means open inquiry or discovery, rather than guided inquiry which is still teacher led.
I have no doubt that open inquiry could be disastrous at the 6-8 grade…
Actually, "open" inquiry is not disastrous in middle school grades...as long as the students actually have the skills to engage in it. Disaster generally happens when students are told to do open inquiry with no training (or scaffolding) on how to actually do it. Of course, inquiry shouldn't be all about "open" inquiry. Teachers need to strategically provide supports during iquiry to meet their goals.
I really did enjoy reading your posts in the commentsectionofthatarticle!
Perhaps you could bombard the school board with position statements from every science teaching organization (and many science organizations), standards from your state (and every other state) and the National Science Education Standards. These all show an expectation for science inquiry in the middle schools. You could follow this up with publications from the National Academies like the Nation's Lab Report and Ready! Set! SCIENCE! Putting Research to Work in K-8 Science. End with President Obama's "Educate to Innovate" speech from this morning...
Finally, the school board member is dead wrong about inquiry in general. Inquiry does take longer -- because it involves developing a deeper understanding of issues and concepts. Linda Darling-Hammond and other education "thinkers" (and researchers) are strongly emphasizing the importance of inquiry across all disciplines, not just science. Countries that lead the world in International comparisons do focus on rigorous inquiry in the classroom...
David Warlick, an "ed tech" leader said, "No generation in history has ever been so thoroughly prepared for the industrial age." Unfortunately, since everyone went to school, everyone thinks they are an expert in education. The school board member's comments about inquiry illustrate how hard it is to have real school reform.
Eric Brunsell
Asst. Professor, Science Education
University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh
On Mon, Nov 23, 2009 at 1:31 PM, Speck, Angela <speckan@...> wrote:
Hello
everyone
I
find myself embroiled in an argument with my local school board over the use of
inquiry-based teaching strategies in grade 6-8. (Those of you that are also
Facebook friends may have seen this already)
Heres
a link to our local newspapers blog entry, and ensuing comments:
Essentially
the two most vociferous school board members do not want any inquiry in grades
6-8 classrooms!
I
find this bizarre, irritating, and something I am going to fight, but I would welcome
comments from the people on this forum, especially from those people who deal
with K-12 curricula.
I
suspect the issue is largely about the perception that inquiry
means open inquiry or discovery, rather than guided inquiry which is still
teacher led.
I
have no doubt that open inquiry could be disastrous at the 6-8 grade
Angela,
You can amplify the silliness by putting numbers and equations to the 2012
muddle.
I sat down and compared the the force of the MW black hole on the Earth (you
know, the one that is responsible for the apocalypse) to the Moon on the Earth.
The force on the Earth from the MW BW is 10 billion pounds. (4.4 x 10^10
Newtons). That is assuming a 4 x 10^6 black hole.
The force on the Earth from the Moon is 4.35 x 10^19 pounds (1.9x10^20 Newtons).
The Moon has 4.36 billion times more force on us because it is much closer
(inverse square law). Hence, we have to worry more about the moon any given day.
What Arguelles et al. are arguing is that there is going to be a severing of a
link between all life and Earth and that black hole on 12/21/12. But that means
that such link has to carry a tension that doesn't obey the inverse square law
if we have to worry about it. But if we are dealing with a force that is only
inversely proportional, or even independent of distance, then why not worry
about about any galaxy on the ecliptic and its monster black hole as well?
A succinct info sheet on 2012 can be found on this site (tip of the tinfoil hat
to Phil Plait.)
http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/2012-the-end-of-the-world/
Cheers,
Enrique Gomez
Western Carolina University
--- In astrolrner@yahoogroups.com, "Speck, Angela" <speckan@...> wrote:
>
> My favorite way to get people thinking about how silly the 2012 thing is, is
to start with the whole alignment thing.
> On various sites, and on the horrible History Channel “documentary” it is
stated that the Sun will align with the center of the galaxy at sunrise on the
winter solstice 2012. It doesn’t take too much effort or explanation to see
how ridiculous this statement is. Once you’ve done that, a lot of the people
(mostly high schoolers) I’ve talked to have a much healthier level of
skepticism about the various other claims.
>
> I do have a grad student doing a term paper on some aspects of the myth for my
Solar system course. It’ll be interesting to see what he comes up with.
> _______________________________________________
> Dr. Angela Speck
> Associate Professor
> Physics & Astronomy
> University of Missouri
> Columbia, MO 65211
>
> Tel: 573 882 8371
> Cell: 573 489 6075
> Fax: 573 882 4195
>
> http://web.missouri.edu/~speckan
> http://stardust.missouri.edu
>
> "If we knew what we were doing,
> it wouldn't be called research, would it?"
> _______________________________________________
>
> From: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf
Of KDConod
> Sent: Sunday, November 22, 2009 11:54 AM
> To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: Re: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
>
>
> The other similar version of this is that the Sun will align with the
supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center in 2012. So my question is when
is the Sun closest to Sagittarius A? Using Starry Night it seems to be in the
2100's but it be nice to know a more precise date...
>
> Kevin Conod
> kdconod@...
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: Chris Anderson <CAnderson@...>
> To: "astrolrner@yahoogroups.com" <astrolrner@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Tue, November 17, 2009 12:22:47 PM
> Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
>
>
> Liam McDaid’s notes on 2012 indicate that the winter solstice Sun’s
closest approach to the galactic equator occurred in 1998. However, my own
research (using Software Bisque’s “The Sky”) indicates that it doesn’t
happen until 2047. Liam, may I ask where your 1998 date came from?
>
> Chris Anderson
> Production Specialist, Faulkner Planetarium
> Coordinator, Centennial Observatory
> Herrett Center for Arts & Science
> College of Southern Idaho
> Twin Falls, Idaho, USA
>
My favorite way to get people thinking about how silly the 2012
thing is, is to start with the whole alignment thing.
On various sites, and on the horrible History Channel “documentary”
it is stated that the Sun will align with the center of the galaxy at sunrise
on the winter solstice 2012. It doesn’t take too much effort or explanation to
see how ridiculous this statement is. Once you’ve done that, a lot of the
people (mostly high schoolers) I’ve talked to have a much healthier level of
skepticism about the various other claims.
I do have a grad student doing a term paper on some aspects of
the myth for my Solar system course. It’ll be interesting to see what he comes
up with.
_______________________________________________
Dr.
Angela Speck
Associate
Professor
Physics
& Astronomy
University
of Missouri
Columbia,
MO 65211
Tel:
573 882 8371
Cell:
573 489 6075
Fax:
573 882 4195
http://web.missouri.edu/~speckan
http://stardust.missouri.edu
"If we knew what we were
doing,
it
wouldn't be called research, would it?"
_______________________________________________
From:
astrolrner@yahoogroups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of KDConod Sent: Sunday, November 22, 2009 11:54 AM To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
The other
similar version of this is that the Sun will align with the supermassive black
hole at the Galactic Center in 2012. So my question is when is the Sun closest
to Sagittarius A? Using Starry Night it seems to be in the 2100's but it be
nice to know a more precise date...
Kevin
Conod
kdconod@...
From: Chris Anderson
<CAnderson@...> To: "astrolrner@yahoogroups.com" <astrolrner@yahoogroups.com> Sent: Tue, November 17, 2009 12:22:47 PM Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
Liam
McDaid’s notes on 2012 indicate that the winter solstice Sun’s closest approach
to the galactic equator occurred in 1998. However, my own research (using
Software Bisque’s “The Sky”) indicates that it doesn’t happen until 2047.
Liam, may I ask where your 1998 date came from?
I
find myself embroiled in an argument with my local school board over the use of
inquiry-based teaching strategies in grade 6-8. (Those of you that are also
Facebook friends may have seen this already)
Here’s
a link to our local newspaper’s blog entry, and ensuing comments:
Essentially
the two most vociferous school board members do not want any inquiry in grades
6-8 classrooms!
I
find this bizarre, irritating, and something I am going to fight, but I would welcome
comments from the people on this forum, especially from those people who deal
with K-12 curricula.
I
suspect the issue is largely about the perception that “inquiry”
means open inquiry or discovery, rather than guided inquiry which is still
teacher led.
I
have no doubt that open inquiry could be disastrous at the 6-8 grade…
When I did my original look, it was with the coords for Sgr A*. The Sun still passes degrees north of it during the solstice. It certainly does not "line up" with it (unless your definition of line up involves a geometry that is out of the plane of the ecliptic - I'm waiting for a woo to use that idea to save this alignment BS)
Regards,
Liam McDaid Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy Sacramento City College 3835 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 558-2005 mcdaidl@...
From: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of KDConod Sent: Sunday, November 22, 2009 9:54 AM To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
The other similar version of this is that the Sun will align with the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center in 2012. So my question is when is the Sun closest to Sagittarius A? Using Starry Night it seems to be in the 2100's but it be nice to know a more precise date...
Kevin Conod kdconod@yahoo.com
From: Chris Anderson <CAnderson@csi.edu> To: "astrolrner@yahoogroups.com" <astrolrner@yahoogroups.com> Sent: Tue, November 17, 2009 12:22:47 PM Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
Liam McDaids notes on 2012 indicate that the winter solstice Suns closest approach to the galactic equator occurred in 1998. However, my own research (using Software Bisques The Sky) indicates that it doesnt happen until 2047. Liam, may I ask where your 1998 date came from?
The other similar version of this is that the Sun will align with the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center in 2012. So my question is when is the Sun closest to Sagittarius A? Using Starry Night it seems to be in the 2100's but it be nice to know a more precise date...
Kevin Conod kdconod@...
From: Chris Anderson <CAnderson@...> To: "astrolrner@yahoogroups.com" <astrolrner@yahoogroups.com> Sent: Tue, November 17, 2009 12:22:47 PM Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
Liam McDaid’s notes on 2012 indicate that the winter
solstice Sun’s closest approach to the galactic equator occurred in
1998. However, my own research (using Software Bisque’s “The Sky”)
indicates that it doesn’t happen until 2047. Liam, may I ask where your
1998 date came from?
I agree. 2012 is the best possible place to start with a critical thinking exercise. Perhpas we should start figuring out what the next TEOTWAWKI date will be and start making materials for it.
Liam McDaid Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy Sacramento City College 3835 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 558-2005 mcdaidl@...
From: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Doug Duncan Sent: Wednesday, November 18, 2009 3:41 PM To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012
I use 2012 as an assignment. It could hardly be better!
There is student interest and a good chance to compare science
and pseudoscience, if your class addresses that topic.
My incorporation of “science vs. pseudoscience “assignments has
produced a large improvement in students’ confidence that they can
make good scientific judgments in their own lives.
and a paper on the results was just submitted to Astronomy Education
Review (it is available on the link).
The 2012 lesson is here:
ASTR1020 Stars and Galaxies Dr.Duncan
Homework: 2012
My name: __________________
Many people have been asking about 2012 end of the world scenarios associated with astronomy, the Mayan Calendar, the planet Nibiru, and so on. Also, your friends may say, “You took astronomy. Tell me about the planet Nibiru, or 2012.” Since one of the goals of this class is to help you differentiate good science from bad or pseudoscience, and I always assign some homework and a few exam questions on these topics, I’ve chosen 2012 as a topic.
Last year I experimented with giving out an exam essay question a week in advance and letting students work on it at their preferred speed. This worked well so I am doing it again.
Midterm 2 Essay (10 pts). This is to be turned in with your midterm. You are limited to one page. (Any more will not be read.)
Describe the point of view of each website holds concerning 2012.
Compare each website to the “How to Recognize Good Science” principles we developed as a class (that are on our CULearn home page.) What elements of good science are present in each?
Now compare each website to the “Common Elements of Pseudoscience” that we also developed as a class. What aspects of each of the websites show any of those elements? Describe which parts of the websites reflect specific elements of pseudoscience.
Describe how scientifically credible the claims about 2012 are.
(Worth 6 points, in addition to the 10 pts for the essay. Please write on the back of the one page essay. ) One of the claims of the 2012 doomsday scenario is that the earth, the sun, and the center of the galaxy will be lined up on Dec. 21, 2012. Is this true? Consider the motion of the earth around the sun, and the sun around the center of the galaxy. Here are some hints: Where is the center of the galaxy in our sky (what constellation?) Where is the sun in the sky on Dec. 21, 2012? (Of course it is on the ecliptic, but towards what constellation? The planetarium program that came with your book will show this; there are lots of ways to look up where the sun is each day on the ecliptic. Newspapers often print it.) Will the sun, earth, and center of the galaxy be lined up on Dec. 21 THIS YEAR? What does this suggest about doomsday being Dec. 21, 2012?
and a paper on the results was just submitted to Astronomy
Education
Review (it is available on the link).
The 2012 lesson is here:
ASTR1020 Stars and Galaxies Dr.Duncan
Homework: 2012
My name: __________________
Many people have been asking about 2012 end of the world
scenarios associated with astronomy, the Mayan Calendar, the planet Nibiru, and
so on. Also, your friends may say, “You took astronomy. Tell me about the
planet Nibiru, or 2012.” Since one of the goals of this class is to
help you differentiate good science from bad or pseudoscience, and I always
assign some homework and a few exam questions on these topics, I’ve
chosen 2012 as a topic.
Last year I experimented with giving out an exam essay
question a week in advance and letting students work on it at their preferred
speed. This worked well so I am doing it again.
Midterm 2 Essay (10 pts). This is to be turned in
with your midterm. You are
limited to one page. (Any more will not be read.)
Describe the point of view of
each website holds concerning 2012.
Compare each website to the
“How to Recognize Good Science” principles we developed as a
class (that are on our CULearn home page.) What elements of good
science are present in each?
Now compare each website to the
“Common Elements of Pseudoscience” that we also developed as a
class. What aspects of each of the websites show any of those
elements? Describe which parts of the websites reflect specific
elements of pseudoscience.
Describe how scientifically
credible the claims about 2012 are.
(Worth 6 points, in addition to the 10 pts for the essay. Please write
on the back of the one page essay. ) One of the
claims of the 2012 doomsday scenario is that the earth, the sun, and the
center of the galaxy will be lined up on Dec. 21, 2012. Is this
true? Consider the motion of the earth around the sun, and the sun around
the center of the galaxy. Here are some hints: Where is the center of the
galaxy in our sky (what constellation?) Where is the sun in the sky
on Dec. 21, 2012? (Of course it is on the ecliptic, but towards what
constellation? The planetarium program that came with your book will
show this; there are lots of ways to look up where the sun is each day on
the ecliptic. Newspapers often print it.) Will the sun, earth,
and center of the galaxy be lined up on Dec. 21 THIS YEAR? What does this
suggest about doomsday being Dec. 21, 2012?
Thanks for the information. I actually vetted the Maya section with our resident Maya expert (Michael Grofe) and he made several great suggestions. He also gave me some excellent images to go with my notes which I would be happy to upload to the group. He also makes a strong indirect argument that the Maya were aware of precession (although this may be a minority view in the field).
If Michael Coe (whose excellent book Breaking the Maya Code I read during an astronomy conference) somehow got this started by accident, it's a tragedy. Still, I suspect this would've started somewhere - it's too seductive a target for the "Armies of the Night" to miss.
As for David Morrison, his anger was quite clear in a recent Are We Alone? podcast. As much as I like public outreach, he's been dealing with some extreme things that would be hard for any of us. I sympathize.
Regards,
Liam McDaid Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy Sacramento City College 3835 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 558-2005 mcdaidl@...
From: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Enrique Sent: Tuesday, November 17, 2009 10:45 AM To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re: 2012 and related things
Hi Liam,
A good resource is David Morrison's article in the recent issue of Skeptic magazine. (vol 15 #2). Also, I highly recommend Mark Van Stone's section in the famsi.org website that deals from a Maya epigrapher's point of view. David Morrison recently spoke to the AP about dealing with people, including adolescents, who are considering suicide to avoid living through a 2012 apocalypse. This means that now is the time we need to be trusted experts and confront misconceptions that can turn tragic.
One thing I would add to this list you put out is that there is only one reference to 12/21/2012 in the pre-conquest Tortuguero 6 stela, and the prediction it makes is 1) fragmented 2) less than convincing that the Classic, 7th century Maya predicted any catastrophe about this date. As far as anyone know, the 2012 meme first appears in the 1966 Michel Coe "the Maya" as a bit of speculation rather than something supported by fact.
I gave a public talk at my university this past week on 2012. I think that in addition to debunking this myth, one can introduce structure of the Milky Way and the recent science about it to a public that is hungry to learn something about the sky.
Cheers,
Enrique Gomez Western Carolina University.
--- In astrolrner@yahoogroups.com, "McDaid, Liam" <mcdaidl@...> wrote: > > Hi everyone, > > I don't know if astrolrner does attachments but I'm attempting to attach an outline of things relating to 2012. This will only get worse for two reasons: > > 1). We've got three years to go until 12/21/12 > 2). John Cusack's latest movie, which has just come out. > > I also end it (play them out with music) with the Transit of Venus which will happen on 6/6/12 (numerologists, take note). So something of import in the sky will happen that year. But it won't kill us all. > > > [cid:197174322@16112009-1363] > > > > Liam McDaid > Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy > Sacramento City College > 3835 Freeport Blvd. > Sacramento, CA 95822 > (916) 558-2005 > mcdaidl@... >
Apocalyptic thoughts on the end of the world are not new in the United States and we will have more end-of-world scares after 2012.
--
Nick Strobel
On Nov 17, 2009, at 10:45 AM, Enrique wrote:
Hi Liam,
A good resource is David Morrison's article in the recent issue of Skeptic magazine. (vol 15 #2). Also, I highly recommend Mark Van Stone's section in the famsi.org website that deals from a Maya epigrapher's point of view. David Morrison recently spoke to the AP about dealing with people, including adolescents, who are considering suicide to avoid living through a 2012 apocalypse. This means that now is the time we need to be trusted experts and confront misconceptions that can turn tragic.
One thing I would add to this list you put out is that there is only one reference to 12/21/2012 in the pre-conquest Tortuguero 6 stela, and the prediction it makes is 1) fragmented 2) less than convincing that the Classic, 7th century Maya predicted any catastrophe about this date. As far as anyone know, the 2012 meme first appears in the 1966 Michel Coe "the Maya" as a bit of speculation rather than something supported by fact.
I gave a public talk at my university this past week on 2012. I think that in addition to debunking this myth, one can introduce structure of the Milky Way and the recent science about it to a public that is hungry to learn something about the sky.
For those who would rather not waste their time looking at the above link: Jenkins says that the date where the center of the Sun's disk precisely lined up with the Galactic Equator (on the winter Solstice) was in 1998.
Now, in truth the Sun will always be (in our era) several degrees to the north of the galactic equator at the winter solstice and it certainly will be on 12/21/12. I don't know how close the Sun on 12/20/47 or 12/21/47 will be to the galactic equator, but I bet the distance between them will be greater than zero. In the end, I have no idea how Jenkins came up with this claim.
He then - of course - goes on to contradict himself. This is why I thought the 1998 date funny - when pseudoscientists bring up facts in order to explain them away the facts are usually correct. But not in this case.
This part of my notes should have read: "Still, even some believers by unknown methods argue that the closest lineup between the winter solstice and the galactic equator happened in 1998. Even if true, the Sun won't pass exactly through the galactic equator on 12/21/12."
Liam McDaid Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy Sacramento City College 3835 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 558-2005 mcdaidl@...
From: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com [mailto:astrolrner@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Chris Anderson Sent: Tuesday, November 17, 2009 9:23 AM To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re:2012 and related things
Liam McDaid’s notes on 2012 indicate that the winter solstice Sun’s closest approach to the galactic equator occurred in 1998. However, my own research (using Software Bisque’s “The Sky”) indicates that it doesn’t happen until 2047. Liam, may I ask where your 1998 date came from?
Hi Liam,
A good resource is David Morrison's article in the recent issue of Skeptic
magazine. (vol 15 #2). Also, I highly recommend Mark Van Stone's section in the
famsi.org website that deals from a Maya epigrapher's point of view. David
Morrison recently spoke to the AP about dealing with people, including
adolescents, who are considering suicide to avoid living through a 2012
apocalypse. This means that now is the time we need to be trusted experts and
confront misconceptions that can turn tragic.
One thing I would add to this list you put out is that there is only one
reference to 12/21/2012 in the pre-conquest Tortuguero 6 stela, and the
prediction it makes is 1) fragmented 2) less than convincing that the Classic,
7th century Maya predicted any catastrophe about this date. As far as anyone
know, the 2012 meme first appears in the 1966 Michel Coe "the Maya" as a bit of
speculation rather than something supported by fact.
I gave a public talk at my university this past week on 2012. I think that in
addition to debunking this myth, one can introduce structure of the Milky Way
and the recent science about it to a public that is hungry to learn something
about the sky.
Cheers,
Enrique Gomez
Western Carolina University.
--- In astrolrner@yahoogroups.com, "McDaid, Liam" <mcdaidl@...> wrote:
>
> Hi everyone,
>
> I don't know if astrolrner does attachments but I'm attempting to attach
an outline of things relating to 2012. This will only get worse for two
reasons:
>
> 1). We've got three years to go until 12/21/12
> 2). John Cusack's latest movie, which has just come out.
>
> I also end it (play them out with music) with the Transit of Venus which
will happen on 6/6/12 (numerologists, take note). So something of import in the
sky will happen that year. But it won't kill us all.
>
>
> [cid:197174322@16112009-1363]
>
>
>
> Liam McDaid
> Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy
> Sacramento City College
> 3835 Freeport Blvd.
> Sacramento, CA 95822
> (916) 558-2005
> mcdaidl@...
>
(please excuse the multiple postings if you get this more than once - we
want to be sure you know about this)
In response to the countless requests from folks looking for a domestic
online masters program in astronomy teaching, we now have a really great
program for you. Offered through the University of Wyoming Department of
Physics and Astronomy, in collaboration with the College of Education, and
the CAPER Team, this innovative MS-Teaching program is designed for students
interested in teaching at the community college, 4-year liberal arts
college, or high school level, among many other venues.
The online program can be done part time, includes 18 hours of graduate
PHYS/ASTRO credits, and 12 hours of graduate science education courses.
Additionally, this program is requires a thesis project based on experience
in the classroom or studying the nature of teaching and learning. The
specific classes students take are to be decided every semester between you
and your faculty advisor based on what courses happen to be available.
Every semester, at least two courses are available, sometimes more.
[1] If you'd like to try out one of our courses to see if online graduate
coursework is for you, you can
http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/uwgrad/info.asp?p=2238. Courses cost about $250
per credit hour, in-state or out-of-state, plus any books.
or, if you already know that this program is right for you
[2] Apply to the program online by following the instructions at
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Once you've decided to try out a class OR have completed your application
procedures, send us an email at caperteam@... so that we can watch for
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We now return you to your regularly scheduled interruptions.
Cheers,
Tim and Stephanie Slater
University of Wyoming
Cognition in Astronomy, Physics & Earth sciences Research (CAPER) Team
http://www.uwyo.edu/caper and caperteam@...
..
**********
Timothy F. Slater, Ph.D.
University of Wyoming Excellence in
Higher Education Endowed Professor
of Science Education
cell: 520-975-1373
email: timslaterwyo@...
**********
Liam McDaid’s notes on 2012 indicate that the winter
solstice Sun’s closest approach to the galactic equator occurred in
1998. However, my own research (using Software Bisque’s “The Sky”)
indicates that it doesn’t happen until 2047. Liam, may I ask where your
1998 date came from?
I don't know if astrolrner does attachments but I'm attempting to attach an outline of things relating to 2012. This will only get worse for two reasons:
1). We've got three years to go until 12/21/12
2). John Cusack's latest movie, which has just come out.
I also end it (play them out with music) with the Transit of Venus which will happen on 6/6/12 (numerologists, take note). So something of import in the sky will happen that year. But it won't kill us all.
Liam McDaid Astronomy Coordinator & Professor of Astronomy Sacramento City College 3835 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822 (916) 558-2005 mcdaidl@...
Dan asked, "So about this artifact, is there any easy way to find out the count value on the pixels? The reason I ask is that these sorts of cameras usually produce jpeg format images which I think behave a little strangely because they are made to compressed or re-sized and moved around. If pixel values are easily available, couldn't one estimate the intensity that should be recorded by the chip due to an incident cosmic ray?"
I usually record in RAW, and you're right, the JPEG formats are a little different. However, intensity of the incident cosmic ray would be difficult to determine from the count value on the pixel. Because the single muons and fast moving electrons are electrically charged, they are interacting with the chip to produce voltage rather than each sensor counting photons. Also, because these are secondary particles from the original particle hitting high in the atmosphere, I don't know how you would determine the energy of the original hit unless you were looking at the "footprint" of the shower which would take an array of detectors. For a visual of this, here is a link to a page with some awesome 3-D computer simulation movies of a cosmic ray hit that was created for the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. http://astro.uchicago.edu/cosmus/projects/auger/
Dan also asked, "Also, how long did it take to "catch" the artifact? Is it short enough to do during class, maybe along with an exercise where students design the estimate I mentioned above as sort of a problem solving task in an upper level undergrad astro course?"
I found a couple obvious hits in a five minute exposure. Roy found 10 and 16 on his first ten minute exposures. With some of my ten minute exposures, I was finding between 15-20. That is certainly short enough that it could be done in a class or a lab.
Although I don't think it would be easy to try to determine intensity, an upper level astronomy class could certainly estimate the rate of counts if they knew the area of the chip. I also said, "You could even have them develop their own inquiry-based research questions, such as:
Does it make a difference if I have the camera on its side or on its back? Does it make a difference if I take the pictures inside the house vs. outside? Can I find anything that will shield the camera from the cosmic rays? If I wrap the camera in tin foil, does that make a difference? Does it make a difference if I have the lights off or on?"
C. Renee asked, "Wow - who knew this would spark such an interesting discussion?"
I agree. Thanks for asking the question!
And, "I think a good check of it would be simply to take a DLSR into, say, a deep cavern (as are abundant in central Texas and elsewhere)and see if the hit rate is modified. As far as I know, being far underground is really the only good way to shield."
It might also be evident if you were in an airplane and higher in the atmosphere, you might get increased counts. You should also get similar results to the cosmic ray hits if you brought the camera near a radioactive source that had radiation that could penetrate the camera body (like beta radiation). I tried using the source in my smoke detector (mostly alpha with some gamma radiation). The alphas wouldn't penetrate, but the gammas probably would. I got a few strong hits within a minute, but I was hesitant to try my stronger sources at school because if I irrevocably damage the sensor in my camera, I would be very sad.
And, "Hmm....meanwhile, this sounds like a poster or physics/astronomy ed article in the making. Any takers?"
I could write something up. I have access to some high energy particle colleagues to check the physics. I will see if Roy is interested in sharing his photos for the project. We might also try a little more testing to find the best settings.
I forwarded the question to Dr. Sherwood Parker, a nuclear physicist. Below is his reply.
Mark Heilbrunn
Prep Academy for Writers
Hi Mark,
The answer depends on the details of the camera -- whether it uses CCD or CMOS sensors, on the thickness of the depletion (or sensitive) layer, on the discriminator setting for the minimum signal, and on the background leakage current levels among other items. CCDs, the sensors in most cameras, were used as the central silicon trackers in the SLD detector at SLAC (following our use of the first collider silicon tracker in the world at the Mark II, also at SLAC. The technology we used is now standard.)
Cosmic rays to which a camera would be sensitive would be charged, not gammas or neutrons, and where we are (below say 100,000') are muons with some electrons at the several-percent level. Muons will easily go through both shutters and lens-caps, as well as the ceiling, roof, and quite a few meters of the ground below, so the only reason to keep the shutter open is to keep the camera circuits working to receive and accumulate or integrate the signal.
If you wish, I can give you details when I come next month.
Wow - who knew this would spark such an interesting discussion? I agree that
this would be a really cool demo within a lab or class setting. I think a good
check of it would be simply to take a DLSR into, say, a deep cavern (as are
abundant in central Texas and elsewhere)and see if the hit rate is modified. As
far as I know, being far underground is really the only good way to shield. Or,
perhaps, I'm misremembering the penetration energy of muons. I think I might
suggest that our Society of Physics Students take this project up - cross
checking the results with a known cosmic ray catcher in both locales.
Hmm....meanwhile, this sounds like a poster or physics/astronomy ed article in
the making. Any takers?
This is super cool. Yes, I agree I think the red is probably dark current, or read out noise. So about this artifact, is there any easy way to find out the count value on the pixels? The reason I ask is that these sorts of cameras usually produce jpeg format images which I think behave a little strangely because they are made to compressed or re-sized and moved around. If pixel values are easily available, couldn't one estimate the intensity that should be recorded by the chip due to an incident cosmic ray?
Also, how long did it take to "catch" the artifact? Is it short enough to do during class, maybe along with an exercise where students design the estimate I mentioned above as sort of a problem solving task in an upper level undergrad astro course?
Anyone have any thoughts on this.
Dan
On Wed, Nov 4, 2009 at 10:21 PM, Kendra Sibbernsen <ksibb@...> wrote:
I agree with Dan that finding cosmic rays would be difficult to do with an inexpensive digital camera such as those on a cell phone because you don't have much control over shutter speed and other settings.
I decided to give it a try with my Nikon D90 SLR (single-lens reflex) camera with the bulb setting so I could control the amount of time that the shutter was open andincreased the ISO setting to 3200 so it would be more sensitive. I kept the lens cap on and tried it in a dark room and again in a room with the lights on and got the same results so there does not appear to be a light leak. I took several 5 minute exposures and they all looked similar to the attached image with red on the right hand side. I suspect the red is from the dark current of the chip as it was very consistent in each photo.This camera uses a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) chip rather than a CCD, but it is also susceptible to cosmic rays.
I found approximately one blue or white artifact (a dot or line a few pixels in length) in each image that may have been caused by a cosmic ray. The second image that is attached is cropped and enlarged to provide a good example of what these artifacts look like. Each one is in a different position on the image so I know it is not from a hot or dead pixel on the chip (which would also likely be caused by cosmic rays).I may try additional runs with a lower ISO for a longer period of time to try to capture more of the artifacts on a single image.
If you do not get the photo attachments through Yahoo groups and would like to see them, just email me at ksibb@...
Kendra Sibbernsen
Physics and Astronomy
Metropolitan Community College
On Nov 3, 2009, at 5:25 PM, Dan Lyons wrote:
Hmm...Cool idea. I don't know for sure but here's what my gut tells me.
Yes you technically should be able to detect cosmic rays, or rather cosmic rays would interact with the ccd in a plain digital camera. However, I don't think a "plain" digital camera, i.e. point and shoot cameras give you the option to manually set exposure times beyond a few fractions of a second or maybe seconds. So if you did try to do some dark exposures i.e. take as long exposures as the camera allows with the shutter closed, and figured out what the automatic processing the camera does (thermal noise on the chip? / dark frame subtraction?), then maybe you use the chip to detect cosmic rays? I think it would be very difficult though, if it could be done at all. I am not an expert, though. I just have a moderate amount of experience with a couple of SBIG ccd cameras.
If anyone has a better explanation, please go for it.
On Tue, Nov 3, 2009 at 9:12 AM, drcreneejames <phy_crj@...> wrote:
Hi, all - Does anyone know whether the CCDs in store-bought digital cameras can detect cosmic rays? Once upon a lifetime ago, cosmic ray hits on the CCD chips made bright pixels that could be seen during readout of a long integration. It occurred to me yesterday that the CCDs in plain digital cameras might be able to pick up cosmic rays and would be a wicked cool demo. However, I've not found any information on it on the internet. Anyone?
In MaximDL, v.5, using Graph Window, selected Area Plot, the spikes appear, set Profile Settings to Auto-scale. The 'grazing' cr isn't as tightly vertical on the graph due to the smearing of intensity along the image's length.
From: Jim Caffey <jcaffey@...> To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Sent: Sun, November 8, 2009 3:44:50 PM Subject: RE: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re: [Astrolrner@CAE] digital cameras and cosmic rays
Maybe you could import your image into IRAF or MaximDL or something similar, and do a surface plot. It would appear as a tight spike.
Jim
From: Chris Anderson Sent: Fri 11/6/2009 2:03 PM To: astrolrner@yahoogro ups.com Subject: [Astrolrner@ CAE] Re: [Astrolrner@ CAE] digital cameras and cosmic rays
One way that you might distinguish a cosmic ray hit on a CCD from thermal noise is if you are lucky enough to catch a grazing hit. The result will be a streak instead of a single bright pixel. (We got these every once in a while on Hubble’s cameras back in my STScI days.)
The problem, of course, is that the CCD’s collision cross-section is pretty small to begin with. For grazing hits it’s even smaller, by quite a bit.
A cosmic ray shower has a large footprint, so you could place several cameras over, say, a few square metres. They all would show the signal from a shower. However, the problem then arises of how to make sure all the signals were collected at the SAME time. This is where it gets tricky.
We get several events per hour, and students correlate the counts with things like barometric pressure and solar weather events. We are also looking into the possibility of correlations between lightning and the Earth's magnetic field.
I am sure simpler set-ups can be made, somewhere, somehow.
On Nov 10, 2009, at 12:27 PM, Chris Anderson wrote:
Im curious: How can one distinguish between a cosmic ray hit and random thermal noise? Dont they both produce a single bright pixel (unless, as mentioned before, you get a grazing cosmic ray hit)?
Chris Anderson asked, "I'm curious: How can one distinguish between a cosmic ray hit and random thermal noise? Dont they both produce a single bright pixel (unless, as mentioned before, you get a grazing cosmic ray hit)?"
The thermal noise is going to depend on the ISO setting you use. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive it is, the higher the amplification, and the more noise you will have on your image. This is why photos appear grainy if taken at a high ISO. The photographer's rule of thumb is to use the lowest ISO you can for the lighting conditions to get the best images. When I increased the ISO to 3200, it produced a consistent reddish color on the right side of my dark image in 5 minutes. At 1600 ISO, it produces blotches of red and blue mainly around the perimeter of the photo at 10 minutes. At low ISO, I get very dark images with no noticeable thermal noise. Originally, I tried high ISO because I wanted the sensitivity to be able to see the interactions, but because cosmic rays are so very energetic, it would seem that low ISO might be better for this. I will have to test a little more to find the optimum settings and times of the exposure.
The white dots and streaks in the image seem to be consistent in amount and random in position about the image, regardless of the ISO readings. The really noticeable ones are larger than just a single pixel. I am getting enough of the white streaks to be convinced that it is picking up a grazing hit of some sort. In fact, in one of the images, several of the streaks were pointing in the same direction which would be consistent with capturing more than one particle from a single cosmic ray shower.
This may seem like the 'doldrums' for your classes, but it is the most important time for freshmen. It is now that they are making an silent evaluation of how they feel about being at your college or university. Have they made 'connections' to others, are they being successful, how hard are they working to make their grades, do they feel part of the campus community. One survey (and sorry I don't have the reference at hand but it was done at Penn State) says that the student who does not feel connected to the campus will not return after Thanksgiving. Lots of time and effort goes into recruiting your students and losing them costs money.
How you make your freshmen relate to your campus could influence if they stay....
I don't have a comment on the main issue, but I'd like to answer the bonus question. :-)
It refers to Sirius, the "dog star," and its use as a marker of time in some ancient cultures---specifically when Sirius starts to rise just before the Sun in the morning.
Interesting question re mid-term doldrums. I tend to notice it at about the 2/3 - 3/4 mark. It may have an analog in the infamous "dog days" (bonus obscure astronomy reference) of major league baseball in August.
I try to do something different. If we have been hitting active learning especially hard, then I try a day of straight lecture. Or vice versa. I may show a video (with questions that need to be answered & turned in for credit). Anything that breaks routine, but is also productive.
I also schedule my class projects so that they are due about a month before the end of the semester, which helps fill that gap in time.
At my university, we are at the period of the semester I personally find the most difficult. I call it the "post midterm doldrums." The students are tired. I am tired. It seems that all of my efforts to promote a learner-centered classroom seem to fall on deaf ears or are met with "we've seen that before." It seems very hard to get things going, period.
Now, in my experience, I know this period is temporary - generally students start getting revved up for finals, and we get to certain parts of the course that some students have waited for all class. Topics such as black holes, galaxies and cosmology are coming, and that promotes a lot of interest in my class.
I think everyone who has taught a class is aware that classes seem to have a mood, and that mood can change dramatically over the course of a semester. There is the first excitement of the first few days, the novelty as new techniques and methods are applied, and the nervous energy before the first exam, among other times.
So, my question for this this month is twofold:
1) Has there been any discussion in the research literature of how participation in active learning varies across a semester?
2) What do you do to keep up enthusiasm and student participation throughout the entire semester? If your classes suffer a period of doldrums, how do you encourage the class to get out of it?
Clear Skies,
John Feldmeier Assistant Professor Department of Physics and Astronomy, Youngstown State University jjfeldmeier@ysu.edu
-- Adam Gabriel Jensen Postdoctoral Astrophysicist, UMD / CRESST Goddard Space Flight Center Building 21, Room 054 Code 665 Greenbelt, MD 20771 301-286-3211 Adam.Jensen@gmail.com
I’m curious: How can one distinguish between a cosmic
ray hit and random thermal noise? Don’t they both produce a single
bright pixel (unless, as mentioned before, you get a grazing cosmic ray hit)?
I wanted to see if the number of hits that Roy and I have been seeing on our dark images was in the ballpark for the estimated number of cosmic ray hits per area.
Looking at the specifications of my camera, the sensor chip is 15.8 mm x 23.6 mm. This corresponds to approximately 3.73 x 10^-4 m^2.
Most cosmic rays we receive are from primary particles hitting the atmosphere and creating showers of secondary radiation. These are mostly in the form of muons by the time they reach us. It is estimated that the muon cosmic ray flux at sea level is between 100-200 counts in a square meter per second. (cosmicrays.org)
I am in Omaha which is about 1000 feet above sea level and would expect higher counts, but I took the 100 counts estimate to find a lower limit.
100 counts/sec for 1 m^2 would be 0.0373 counts/sec on the sensor. This would mean about 2.24 counts should strike the sensor per minute. 5 minute run => 11.2 counts 10 minute run => 22.4 counts
Roy circled 10 artifacts on his first 10-min. run image and 15 on the second.
I took some 10-minute images at 1600 ISO with the lens removed and the body cap on sitting on its back pointed up at the sky (outside under a heavy coat) and they look quite a bit like Roy's images. I am on a Mac using iPhoto and I adjusted the photo by increasing the shadows adjustment as far as I could (lightens the light pixels) and the hits really popped out. You can view one of these altered images full-size at this link:
You can really see some definite streaks in it. Feel free to copy this image and use it however you like.
I count about 16 artifacts and there are some additional ones that are questionable (more reddish in color or not as bright as the others).
It would seem that we are reading slightly fewer counts than the estimated number as determined by the muon cosmic ray flux while doing 10 minute runs at 1600 ISO.
If you don't have a DSLR camera with a bulb feature and have a photography department on your campus, you may check to see if they may have them available for check-out. Besides just being a nice demo, I could see this used as a field project for an advanced student or even developed into a laboratory experiment. It would be very cool to walk into lab to say, "We are going to do an experiment in high-energy particle physics today." I have a few online astronomy students who I know are into photography and this is something that could be completed online if they had the proper equipment and they could upload the photos to share. You could even have them develop their own inquiry-based research questions, such as:
Does it make a difference if I have the camera on its side or on its back? Does it make a difference if I take the pictures inside the house vs. outside? Can I find anything that will shield the camera from the cosmic rays? If I wrap the camera in tin foil, does that make a difference? Does it make a difference if I have the lights off or on?
Maybe you could import your image into IRAF or MaximDL or something similar, and do a surface plot. It would appear as a tight spike.
Jim
From: Chris Anderson Sent: Fri 11/6/2009 2:03 PM To: astrolrner@yahoogroups.com Subject: [Astrolrner@CAE] Re: [Astrolrner@CAE] digital cameras and cosmic rays
One way that you might distinguish a cosmic ray hit on a CCD from thermal noise is if you are lucky enough to catch a grazing hit. The result will be a streak instead of a single bright pixel. (We got these every once in a while on Hubble’s cameras back in my STScI days.)
The problem, of course, is that the CCD’s collision cross-section is pretty small to begin with. For grazing hits it’s even smaller, by quite a bit.