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#3530 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Sat Nov 21, 2009 2:08 am
Subject: NASA Develops Algae Bioreactor as a Sustainable Energy Source
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http://www.physorg.com/news177780192.html

NASA Develops Algae Bioreactor as a Sustainable Energy Source

November 18, 2009

(PhysOrg.com) -- As a clean energy alternative, NASA invented an algae photo-bioreactor that grows algae in municipal wastewater to produce biofuel and a variety of other products.


The NASA bioreactor is an Offshore Membrane Enclosure for Growing (OMEGA), which won’t compete with agriculture for land, fertilizer, or freshwater.
NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., licensed the patent pending algae photo-bioreactor to Algae Systems, LLC, Carson City, Nev., which plans to develop and pilot the technology in Tampa Bay, Florida. The company plans to refine and integrate the NASA technology into biorefineries to produce renewable energy products, including diesel and jet fuel.
"NASA has a long history of developing very successful energy conversion devices and novel life support systems,” said Lisa Lockyer, deputy director of the New Ventures and Communication Directorate at NASA Ames. “NASA is excited to support the commercialization of an algae bioreactor with potential for providing here on Earth.”
The OMEGA system consists of large plastic bags with inserts of forward-osmosis membranes that grow freshwater algae in processed wastewater by photosynthesis. Using energy from the sun, the algae absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and nutrients from the wastewater to produce biomass and oxygen. As the algae grow, the nutrients are contained in the enclosures, while the cleansed freshwater is released into the surrounding ocean through the forward-osmosis membranes.
“The OMEGA technology has transformational powers. It can convert sewage and carbon dioxide into abundant and inexpensive fuels,” said Matthew Atwood, president and founder of Algae Systems. “The technology is simple and scalable enough to create an inexpensive, local energy supply that also creates jobs to sustain it.”
When deployed in contaminated and “dead zone” coastal areas, this system may help remediate these zones by removing and utilizing the nutrients that cause them. The forward-osmosis membranes use relatively small amounts of external energy compared to the conventional methods of harvesting algae, which have an intensive de-watering process.
Potential benefits include oil production from the harvested algae, and conversion of municipal wastewater into clean water before it is released into the ocean. After the oil is extracted from the algae, the algal remains can be used to make fertilizer, animal feed, cosmetics, or other valuable products.
This successful spinoff of NASA-derived technology will help support the commercial development of a new algae-based biofuels industry and wastewater treatment.
Provided by JPL/ (news : web)




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#3529 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Sat Nov 21, 2009 2:02 am
Subject: Giant reed a giant danger to environment
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http://www.skynews.com.au/eco/article.aspx?id=395694

Giant reed a giant danger to environment

Updated: 04:34, Thursday November 19, 2009

The government is being warned not to play with fire by promoting the use of an invasive weed to produce biofuel.
Biologist and project officer with the invasive species council, Tim Low, will warn of the potential dangers of cultivating the species Giant Reed (Arundo donax) in a speech to a biosecurity conference in Canberra on Thursday.
The giant reed is a member of the grass family and looks similar to sugar cane or bamboo.
The reed is one of the fastest growing plants on earth and during peak conditions is capable of growing as much as 10cm per day.
The speed at which it grows allows it to overcome native plants very quickly and has led to it being declared a noxious weed in a number of countries including some parts of Australia.
'The state of California spends many millions of dollars controlling giant reed, but in Australia, taxpayers' money is being used to promote it as biofuel,' Mr Low will tell the conference.
The reed is just one of the candidates for what is known as a second-generation biofuel, where the whole plant is used to produce fuel rather than just the seeds.
The traits that make the reed attractive as a second-generation biofuel crop, being fast growing and low maintenance, also make it an incredibly invasive weed.
Mr Low warns that the Rural Industries Research Development Corporation and the South Australian government may be misguided in the belief that with regulation the reed can be grown safely.
The two bodies are running a trial of the reed.
'Your talking about high-volume, low-value crops. To factor into that a high-regulatory regime you are going to need weed officers monitoring, weed teams mopping up infestations, and the economics aren't going to pay for it,' he said.
'For biofuels to make a difference to climate change, vast plantings will be needed, and it is naive to believe a weed can be grown on a mass scale without it doing what weeds always do,' he said.
A report conducted by the Invasive Species Council, The Weedy Truth About Biofuels, concluded most of the plants being considered for producing fuel are serious weeds with the potential to do more harm than good.
'Concerns about climate change should not be allowed to override concerns about invasive species,' Mr Low said.
'The federal environment department should be taking a leadership role in ensuring that environmental risks are considered before the hype about new economic opportunities takes hold.'

[Ends]




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#3528 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Sat Nov 21, 2009 1:58 am
Subject: Model predicts future deforestation in Congo Basin
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http://www.nature.com/news/2009/091120/full/news.2009.1100.html?s=news_rss

Published online 20 November 2009 | Nature | doi:10.1038/news.2009.1100

News

Model predicts future deforestation

Projections could help Central African nations in Copenhagen climate talks.

forestThe Palm D'Or Plantation near Douala in Cameroon is expected to see increasing deforestation over the coming decades.Anjali Nayar
A computer model that predicts future changes in the world's forests could strengthen the case of Central African nations that are calling for compensation in exchange for protecting their natural resources.
Forest management is expected to be a key point of discussion at the United Nations climate summit in Copenhagen in December. Countries will negotiate on how to reward rainforest nations for protecting their forests, a mechanism dubbed REDD for 'reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation'.
Deforestation rates in the Congo Basin rainforest — the second-largest rainforest on Earth — have hovered at around 0.15% per year for the past 15 years. But preliminary results from the model, unveiled this week, predict that forest cutting in the region will increase to 0.3–0.5% per year by 2020–30.
Major rainforest countries that have historically had high deforestation rates — such as Indonesia (2.0%) and Brazil (0.6%) — are pushing for compensation that is based on historical trends. With a relatively high business-as-usual scenario, they are expected to reap above-average rewards for any decreases in deforestation.
But using historical trends will short-change the countries of the Congo Basin, some argue. Although in the past this region has had low deforestation rates, recent improvements in the road network as well as planned mining and timber projects are likely to increase deforestation rates considerably in coming years. "There are strong indications that Central African forests are at a critical turning point for the future," says Carlos de Wasseige, the coordinator of an EU-funded project called Forests of Central Africa, whuch hopes to set up a regional forest monitoring centre.
"Most proposals for [REDD] suggest that history is the best predictor of tomorrow," says Michael Obersteiner, who is leading the development of the forestry model at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, based in Laxenburg, Austria. "But for [Central African] countries, the forward-looking projections will be more reliable."

Model forest

The model, which has a resolution of 10–50 km2, is a combination of three global land-use models called GLOBIOM, G4M and EPIC. Its predictions are based on key global drivers of deforestation, including population growth and gross-domestic-product growth, as well as global demand and production of biofuel, timber and agricultural crops. The model works by calculating the profitability of forest clearance in certain areas on the basis of topography, soil composition and climate.
Obersteiner recognizes, however, that the model is only as good as the data going into it — and those data can often be difficult to obtain, either through lack of resources to collect them or because the information is held by private companies.
"The idea of publicly available reliable statistics escapes our country," says André Kondjo-Shoko, head of forest inventory at the Democratic Republic of the Congo's environment ministry. "The statistics don't represent reality."
Another problem is that the model does not account for a major driver of deforestation: illegal tree cutting for charcoal and timber.
The conservation group WWF now hopes to fill this data gap using a 'geo-wiki', also unveiled this week, which provides a repository for forestry information. Modelled on the open-source principles of the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia, "it combines the principals of social networking with the craft of spatial mapping", says Leo Bottrill, who heads the geo-wiki project at the WWF's office in Washington DC.

Bottrill started the geo-wiki after struggling to collate information about the Congo Basin region. For the past two years, he has been collecting baseline information on mineral deposits, forest concessions and planned infrastructure such as roads, railways and transmission lines. He hopes that the site's users will be able to contribute data and maps, either through the Internet or by text message, as well as commenting on and editing the content. The WWF will launch a pilot of its geo-wiki for the Democratic Republic of the Congo in March 2010, and hopes the system will be fully functional by mid-2010. "We hope people will run with the idea," says Bottrill.


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#3527 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Sat Nov 21, 2009 1:47 am
Subject: Bellona attacks Norway's resumption of biodiesel duty
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http://www.norwaypost.no/content/view/22782/1/

Sat, 21-Nov-2009 Path: / The Norway Post

Government disregards opposition to biofuel tax Print E-mail
Image Prime Minster Jens Stoltenberg and his Labour Party has disregarded opposition from coalition partners as well as condemnation from the opposition parties, and it is now clear that biodiesel will no longer be exempt from road tax. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly fuel, has for this reason been excempt from the road tax, but the Labour Party now says biodiesel must be taxed on level with other fuels. This tax is today NOK 3.40, and if added, this will make biodiesel more expensive than ordinary diesel fuel.
This has angered truck owners and transport companies, many of whom have switched to vehicles that favour biodiesel.
One Norwegian company that broduces biodiesel has already laid off their 100 employees.
Head of the environmental organisation Bellona, Frederic Hauge, calls the government turnaround "shameful for Norway", and says it will stigmatise Norway at the upcoming UN climate summit in Copenhagen.
One argument from the Labour-led government is that the raw material for present biodiesel comes from agricultural products, such as rapeseed, thus reducing the production of food grains in the world.
The two government coalition partners, Socialist Left and Agrarians, have been opposed to the new tax, but it now appears that they have accepted the Labour Party's stand.
The Government announced Wednesday that they will now instead grant NOK 40 million to start the development of so-called second generation biofuel based on waste from Norwegian forests as well as other waste materials.
This, however, does not stop the criticism. This does not justify the new tax. It is just another way for the Government to tax consumers, the critics say.
(NRK)
Rolleiv Solholm



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#3526 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Sat Nov 21, 2009 1:40 am
Subject: Study explores ramifications of biofuel production
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http://www.thesouthern.com/news/local/education/203d93d6-d519-11de-8136-001cc4c002e0.html

Study explores ramifications of biofuel production


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CARBONDALE - Everyone knows that fuel made from plants is good for the environment. But what if there are cases where that's not true?
"A major rationale behind our current biofuel policy is the hypothesis that these fuels -- particularly second-generation fuels (produced from crop waste material or from plants not used for food) -- have a variety of benign attributes, from their net carbon footprint to lower fertilizer use and nutrient losses," said Silvia Secchi, an economist in the College of Agricultural Sciences at Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
"But if, for example, prices for biomass feedstocks increase, that could draw more environmentally fragile land into production and increase tillage intensity and nitrogen fertilizer use. One of the things our study looks at is the impact of biomass feedstocks on land productivity and the environment at a very fine scale, something few other studies have done."
Secchi is part of a team of economists, environmental scientists and a statistician engaged in a detailed look at the links between agriculture, energy and the environment. A three-year, $360,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service underwrites the project. In addition to determining the environmental consequences of biofuel production, the researchers also are examining the economic implications, all with an eye toward developing policy recommendations for this potential new financial sector.
While biofuels can be made from any number of plant materials, the team is focusing on ethanol manufactured from corn stover - the leaves, stalks, husks and cobs left behind after harvest. Although a formal stover market for biofuel does not yet exist, the fact that farmers have years of experience growing corn and could boost their per-acre profit by selling both grain and gleanings makes the emergence of such a market a good bet.
But if farmers grow more corn, that increased production would ripple out to affect everything from the price they get for it to the cost of oil and gas.
"Every movement you make in crop production has ramifications on a variety of fronts, so to get a better understanding of the whole, you need to link crop production models with energy and commodity market models," Secchi said. "That's part of what we're doing,"
Some members of the team are concentrating on the big picture: the interaction between world-scale energy and commodity markets and the resulting effects on the development of a stover market.
Secchi and her research partner Luba Kurkalova, a North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University colleague formerly at SIUC, are homing in on the fine details. What happens if farmers grow more corn? Will they work existing acres more intensively or begin planting on land previously left fallow? Will greater production lead to less carbon storage in the soil? More erosion and chemical run-off? What are the trade-offs between using stover for biofuel and using it to improve and protect the soil and reduce pollution from farm chemicals?
The pair already has found that higher stover prices do lead farmers to plant both their less productive fields (requiring more fertilizer) and those that tend to erode. Kurkalova reports that even productive fields are losing carbon content as cropping increases, while Secchi has detected large increases in run-off in Midwestern states where corn production has risen as well as significant environmental impact on acreage that farmers brought back into production after letting it sit idle for some years.
"We're trying to get a better handle on this because it could be quite important not just from an environmental standpoint but from a policy standpoint, too," Secchi said.
"When you're making policy, you try to avoid having unintended consequences."
The project relies heavily on computerized simulation models to predict outcomes of different scenarios involving commodities, energy and the environment. While economists and other scientists often use such models in their research, models aren't perfect predictors. In this case, the data used in constructing them has gaps because biofuels have not been available for very long, their markets are still developing, commodity and energy prices are volatile, technology is changing rapidly and government policy is in flux.
"We're working with things that don't exist in the real landscape," Secchi said. "In addition, each model has a certain amount of inherent uncertainty. As you add models, you add uncertainty.
"But if you want to have good policy, you have to have good estimates of what's involved. That's what we're trying to do."
 
K.C. Jaehnig is a staff writer for SIUC University Communications






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#3525 From: "robert_palgrave" <robertpalgrave@...>
Date: Fri Nov 20, 2009 5:22 pm
Subject: Bolivian message to UN - Harmony with Mother Earth
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On 12th November, the Bolivian Ambassador Mr. Pablo Solon presented to the UN a
Draft Resolution Presentation Speech "Harmony with Mother Earth" (A/C.2/64/L.24)
co-sponsored by Algeria, Benin, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cape Verde,
Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Georgia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mauritius,
Nepal, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia,
Seychelles and Venezuela. The resolution seeks recognition of the Earth as a
Whole and the interaction of human beings with that system of which we are a
part.

Mr Solon stated to the UN: "We acknowledge and share the progress of the
environmental agenda of the United Nations at the level of the biodiversity, the
ozone layer, desertification, climate change and other sectors, but we are
convinced that this needs to be supplemented with a more holistic approach given
the serious global impacts we are witnessing."

Of the approximately 200 items that the United Nations General Assembly Agenda
has, about 10 deal with the environment and sustainable development, and none
directly addresses the holistic, global and integrated relationship among human
beings and the earth system as a whole. This parallels the focus of the
forthcoming international climate change negotiations on the imposed value (i.e.
the price we place on the planet's resources; the financing of reduction of
carbon emissions by use of carbon trading etc). To include recognition of the
intrinsic value of the planet, as a living being with whom we have an
interdependent relationship, would be an acknowledgement of Earth as a Whole, a
concept Indigenous communities understand well.

Values: imposed v's intrinsic
It is the difference between treating the planet as a commodity and taking
responsibility. Both start with very different paradigms. The former, from a
position of viewing the planet as an inert being, from which we can take without
consequence. The latter, a position of understanding the planet as a living
being, where we are all interconnected and interdependent. The outcomes of such
divergent views are dramatic – and we can see them being played out in the
international climate change arena today.

It is not only the 350+ million indigenous peoples of the world and by a similar
number of Buddhists who adhere by the intrinsic values of the planet: "1,360
experts from 95 countries that participated in the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment conducted at the request of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan from
2001 to 2005 propose that when analyzing and defining the actions that influence
ecosystems it is necessary to consider not only welfare of human beings, but
also the intrinsic values of the species and ecosystems."

Mr Solon's proposal, supported by the 22 nations, for "a possible declaration of
ethical principles and values to a life in harmony with Mother Earth" signals a
growing momentum for recognition of what the Bolivian indigenous peoples term
`buen vivir' or `living well' and in harmony with nature – a vision shared by
many others throughout the world. The new paradigm is starting to take shape.

#3524 From: Rachel Smolker <rsmolker@...>
Date: Fri Nov 20, 2009 3:58 pm
Subject: what to do with those pesky trees
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cut'em and burn'em as bioenergy, or preserve them for their carbon.???


                               
The Register-Guard
                               
                                                        Appeared in print: Thursday, Nov 19, 2009                                                              
                                               

                                                       
                       

                       
                               
In a state famous for its logging, imagine this: getting paid not to cut down trees.
It's an intriguing eddy in the swirling discussion about climate change, and it bubbled briefly to the surface Wednesday in a U.S. Senate hearing on managing federal forests.
The session, chaired by Oregon Democrat Ron Wyden, who leads the Public Lands and Forests subcommittee, looked at three issues: how forests are faring because of global warming, what the administration is doing to push woody waste - biomass - as an energy source, and what role federal forests can play as the administration tries to reduce greenhouse gases responsible for climate change.
Western forests, especially those east of the Cascades, have been hammered in recent years, Wyden said.
"Federal forests have suffered from wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks that not only clearly prove that the climate is in fact changing, but also that our forests are surprisingly sensitive to that change," he said.
Administration representatives and Pacific Northwest researchers who spoke at the hearing backed him up on that score.
University of Washington research scientist Elaine O'Neil described a 300,000 acre dead zone in the Fremont--Winema National Forests in Southern Oregon, an area of beetle--killed lodgepole pine that is not regenerating with trees because of extreme climatic conditions.
Kit Batten, the science adviser for the U.S. Interior Department, described drought-stressed trees in the Rocky Mountain states that makes them particularly vulnerable to beetle infestations and catastrophic fire.
Throughout the West, they said, forests are changing. Some southwest forests are degrading into desert shrub and grassland. Some tree species at higher elevations are dying out and being replaced by species once common at lower elevations.
The Interior Department, since October, has been considering climate change as a factor in all the natural resource decisions it makes, Batten said.
But the forests also provide opportunities, among them, biomass, the burning of unmarketable slash generated during logging as a substitute for other nonrenewable fuels such as oil or natural gas.
Oregon has thousands of acres of potential thinning projects on its public forests that would generate such slash, and Wyden asked Forest Service Chief Tom Tidwell and Batten to describe their department's efforts to push biomass projects forward.
The Forest Service has a grant program to help develop more small facilities that can use the fuel, Tidwell said.
Batten noted that the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, which is part of the Interior Department, offered 100,000 tons of biomass for cogeneration in 2009.
But trees have yet another value. They absorb vast quantities of the significant greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and convert it to carbon, which the tree stores right up until it dies and begins rotting or burns. At that point, it begins to emit carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
Forests - particularly the oldest ones - could be deemed valuable stores of carbon if Congress passes cap and trade legislation.
Cap and trade regulations would set a limit on how much pollution industries can generate. Those who don't want to reduce their emissions to meet the limit could pay for offsets elsewhere, much like Oregon wetlands mitigation, where developers who want to build on wetlands can do so if they pay others to restore or create wetlands somewhere else.
The possibility that existing trees could be treated as carbon offsets and generate income for public forests - and private ones, for that matter - is an intriguing option, Tidwell said.

"No doubt, it's one way to bring considerable investment to the nation's forests," he said.
But both Batten and Tidwell pointed out that their agencies have to balance a range of interests as they manage forests.
"Our actions are goingto be driven by the need tosustain these forests for allbenefits, and carbon is just one of those." Tidwell said.
These discussions are generating plenty of interest in Oregon.
The American Forest Resource Council, which represents the timber industry, points out that milled lumber retains its carbon for as long as the product - in the form of beams and 2-by-4s, for example - is kept in a structure and protected from decay. And wood products themselves are renewable with less energy going into generating them than steel or cement, said council President Tom Partin.
Cascadia Wildlands, a Eugene-based environmental nonprofit agency, considers biomass as an energy source, if done right, to be compelling, said conservation director Josh Laughlin.
"Energy produced locally with what can be perceived of as a waste product, that's something we can get behind," he said.
And Oregon's old growth stands - if treated as carbon banks - could do more than help the Forest Service.
"If we can get entities to pay to keep our old growth forests standing, we could ultimately utilize those funds for essential county services," Laughlin said.
-- 


Rachel Smolker
Biofuelwatch
Hinesburg, Vermont, U.S.A.
office: (802) 482 2848
mobile: (802) 735-7794
skype: rachel smolker
http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/

#3523 From: Andrew Boswell <andrewboswell@...>
Date: Fri Nov 20, 2009 8:09 am
Subject: Maize/corn gene decoded - will help breeding for biofuel
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#3522 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Thu Nov 19, 2009 2:46 am
Subject: New Scientist: Four ways to feed the world
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[Note potential roles for crop residues in 1. and 2.]


http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427353.500-four-ways-to-feed-the-world.html

Four ways to feed the world

IT IS humanity's oldest enemy. Despite all our science, a sixth of people in the developing world are chronically hungry. At a summit in Rome this week, world leaders reaffirmed a pledge to end hunger "at the earliest possible date".

The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) wanted them to promise to end hunger by 2025, but the delegates declined. They said instead that they would keep trying to meet their previous goal: to halve chronic hunger from 20 per cent of people in developing countries to 10 per cent by 2015 (see graph). But can they? Based on their performance so far, the FAO considers it "unlikely".

That, agricultural experts tell New Scientist, is because governments have broken their promises and slashed aid budgets for agriculture. The hungry poor fell to 16 per cent in 2007, mainly thanks to Asia's economic boom, but recession and soaring food prices pushed it back to 17 per cent in 2008.

"Ending hunger by 2025 is not realistic," says Joachim von Braun of IFPRI, a food-policy institute in Washington DC. "Halving it might be, but it requires sustained action."

It gets worse: global population is set to grow to 9.1 billion by 2050, while global warming will have a serious impact on farming. What can be done?

The FAO says feeding 9 billion people will require a near-doubling in food production. All nations will have to take part, but attention will be focused on poor countries, where there is most room for improvement and where better farming will give poor farmers income to buy food. The FAO says farming investment in poor countries must grow from $142 billion per year to $209 billion.

Agricultural research must also increase. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) - the international, mainly government-funded labs that perform farm research for poor countries - says agricultural R&D spending for developing countries needs to grow from $5.1 billion to $16.4 billion per year by 2025. Its researchers say that in theory, given funds, they can boost agriculture enough to double food production, although global warming may make this impossible. These are their top priorities.

1 Hold on to water

The UN Food and Agriculture Organization says irrigated areas must expand by 11 per cent by 2025, yet the ancient aquifers that feed much of the world's food production are running dry.
Johan Rockström of the Swedish Resilience Centre in Stockholm says we need to rethink water. "Blue" water, which flows in streams, is the usual basis for farm planning yet accounts for just 5 to 15 per cent of the water flowing through farming systems. The rest, "green" water, is either lost through run-off or evaporation or passes usefully through crops. There are several ways to capture more of this green water in crops, including soil-covering mulches, terraces, and underground tanks filled by the run-off from tropical downpours. In parts of Kenya and China such tanks can get a crop through the dry spell that frequently follows a downpour.
Mapping the potential for combining all of these approaches shows that the largest untapped potential to improve water productivity is in the savannahs, says Rockström. This is sometimes counter-intuitive, he adds. "Dry Namibia and Botswana have more than enough green water to feed themselves."

2 Stop ploughing

For 1000 years, farmers have turned over the top layer of soil to bury and kill weed seeds. This is expensive, damages soils and releases greenhouse gases.
Most maize and soya growers in the Americas have abandoned the plough for "no-till" farming: they merely scratch furrows in the ground to plant their seed and handle weeds with herbicides and herbicide-resistant genetically modified crops.
But farmers do not need those if they smother weeds with organic residue such as straw, and rotate crops to frustrate pests, says Bram Govaerts of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in Mexico, a CGIAR lab. This is known as conservation agriculture, and besides conserving soil, nutrients and energy, it cuts water loss. Govaerts has been managing experimental plots in Mexico using these methods, and finds that conservation agriculture can yield as much as traditional agriculture in good years, and even more during drought.

3 Go back to basics

Creating high-yielding seeds is only worthwhile if farmers have access to them, and can sell their produce for a profit. "There are varieties of maize that resist climate stress or disease, but how do you get them to farmers?" asks Prabhu Pingali, deputy head of agriculture at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Nerica rice is a case in point. This dryland variety was bred in the 1990s by CGIAR scientists who crossed Asian rice with an African species. Nerica competes better with weeds than other varieties, yields more and contains more protein. But few African farmers have heard of it.
Government services that taught farmers new techniques were dismantled during the debt crisis of the 1980s, says Papa Seck, head of the CGIAR's African Rice Center in Cotonou, Benin. "We need them back."
Even if they have access to better seed varieties, African farmers often don't invest in boosting production because they don't have access to markets and therefore cannot sell their extra crops for a profit. And sold or not, crops are often poorly stored and lost to rot: half the bananas grown in Kenya are lost each year, says Peter Hartmann of IITA, CGIAR's tropical agriculture lab in Ibadan, Nigeria. He says Africa would not need imported food aid if it could use all the crops it produces.
You have to look at the whole food system to boost production, says Hartmann. For instance, IITA bred higher-yielding, disease-resistant cassava and helped set up factories to grind the crop into flour; but then discovered uptake was limited because there was limited transport: cassava grows in southern Nigeria, the trucking industry is in the north. After publicity brought truckers in, production grew from 35 million to 45 million tonnes, on less land, from 2004 to 2007.

4 Boost yields

Mark Rosegrant of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) calculates that crops that will yield 25 per cent more food would boost African food production more than doubling irrigation would. It might also be easier. "We have tremendous options to enhance yields," says Hans Braun, head of wheat at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
Last week the world's wheat scientists launched a consortium to raise wheat yield by genetically re-engineering the crop's photosynthesis, no less. "It is inefficient compared with some plants," says Braun. "Improvements are feasible, and will dramatically increase water efficiency, heat tolerance and yield." They plan to equip wheat with more efficient variants of the key photosynthetic enzyme rubisco, and with suites of genes to convert it from the C3 photosynthetic system to the C4 system found in maize, which fixes more carbon per unit of light. Meanwhile, CGIAR's International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines is developing C4 rice.
Braun says the key is money. The yields of new varieties of maize are climbing twice as fast as yields of rice and wheat. This is because maize is bred mainly by private companies, which invest $1.5 billion a year in it. Wheat and rice breeding, by contrast, is done mostly in government labs. Wheat gets only about $350 million a year. Apart from Chinese hybrid rice varieties, rice yields have been stagnant for years.


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#3521 From: "robert_palgrave" <robertpalgrave@...>
Date: Thu Nov 19, 2009 12:05 am
Subject: Redundancies at Teesside’s biodiesel refinery
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< note the comments about 'undeserved bad publicity' doing nothing to steady
investors' nerves. Keep up the good work!>

THE future of Teesside's biodiesel refinery - one of the largest in the world -
looked unclear today as it emerged that the plant had shed staff.

The Biofuels Corporation, which has had a bumpy ride since opening in 2005,
delisting from the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) and becoming 100% owned
by Barclays in a debt-for-equity swap in 2007, said it could not comment on the
circumstances surrounding the redundancies, but confirmed that the company was
not in administration.

As recently as July, CEO Richard Nickels said output had increased and margins
were improved after switching the multi-feedstock plant to running almost
exclusively on used cooking oil (UCO).

However he remained unhappy about market conditions, despite a victory against
the Americans in the bitter row over the so-called "splash and dash" policy that
had seen millions of tonnes of heavily subsidised US fuel dumped in Europe,
depressing prices.

European biodiesel output has struggled to recover, despite EU regulators
slapping heavy tariffs on US biodiesel imports that had accounted for 20% of
European consumption.

Officially, there have been no imports into the EU since the tariffs were
imposed in March, but this summer the European Biodiesel Board said it had seen
evidence of unusual trade patterns emerging between the US and Canada, and
Canada and Europe, which could indicate that cheap fuel was coming into Britain
by the back door.

Imports relabelled to hide their true origin could be referred to the EU's
anti-fraud squad, but such a move would risk another trade row with the States.

Roddy McDermot, chairman of North East Biofuels and energy professor at
Newcastle University, said splash and dash wasn't the only reason plants such as
the Biofuels Corporation were suffering.

"The German Government removed a very generous tax break on biodiesel and we
rely heavily on exports to Germany. The UK Government delayed by a number of
years the targets for selling bio- diesel in the UK - that's a thorn in the side
of anyone trying to make money in this business."

Together with what he called "undeserved bad publicity", which pitched biofuels
against food in a land use controversy that ran for several months, it had done
nothing to steady investors' nerves, said Mr McDermot.

He said the fact that the Biofuels Corporation had been running the plant on
different feedstocks and well below capacity were all "warning signs".

He added: "A business can only bear those costs for a certain amount of time.
It's a fantastic plant, one of the biggest in the world, but it's very difficult
to find anyone that can make money at the moment."

However EU commitments had made the direction of travel for the biofuels
industry very clear, he said.

"Long-term the market will come back, but that's no help to people with cash
flow problems now."


http://www.nebusiness.co.uk/business-news/latest-business-news/2009/11/18/redund\
ancies-at-teesside-s-biodiesel-refinery-51140-25196643/

#3520 From: "robert_palgrave" <robertpalgrave@...>
Date: Wed Nov 18, 2009 3:42 pm
Subject: Killing Fields: the Battle to Feed Factory Farms
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As part of the project Feeding and Fueling Europe, "Killing Fields: the Battle
to Feed Factory Farms" seeks to illustrate the hidden chain of destruction from
the factory farms in Europe to the forests of South America.

The documentary looks at the huge soy plantations in South America that are
wiping out the local wildlife, negatively contributing to climate change and
forcing thousands of indigenous people from their land. Soy plantations have
been growing in recent years due to the huge demand for the crop in Europe to
feed factory farmed pigs, chickens and cows.

Killing Fields reveals the true cost of growing soy in South America, suggesting
that both South America and Europe are being harmed in the unsustainable
practice of factory farming.

There is no discussion of agrofuels but the examples of land / forest clearance,
abuses of human rights and pesticide poisoning shown in the video apply to
soybean and other crops grown as agrofuels.

Produced by FoE International and Via Campesina.

NB - the video is high resolution (90 Mb) so will take some time to download. It
runs for about 12 minutes.

http://www.foei.org/en/what-we-do/agrofuels/global/2009/featured-video-killing-f\
ields

#3519 From: Andrew Boswell <andrewboswell@...>
Date: Wed Nov 18, 2009 2:55 pm
Subject: Euractiv on algae
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#3518 From: "Saar" <herman.saar@...>
Date: Wed Nov 18, 2009 6:16 am
Subject: RenewaFUEL gets ready for biomass plant
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Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.'s board has given the green light to a plan to construct and operate a next-generation biomass fuel production facility at the Telkite Technology Park located near Marquette, Michigan.

Cliffs' subsidiary, RenewaFUEL, intends to use two large aircraft hangars, which used to be part of K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base, to construct the facility. However, Marquette County's board of commissioners and the Federal Aviation Administration have yet to approve RenewaFUEL's lease agreement for the two hangars.


Read More: http://www.ecoseed.org/en/general-green-news/green-business-news/green-business-news/5146-RenewaFUEL-gets-ready-for-biomass-plant

#3517 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Tue Nov 17, 2009 3:02 am
Subject: New European policy position: T&E, FoE, Birdlife, Oxfam, FERN, EEB
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http://www.bellona.org/news/news_2009/biofuel_and_eu

New report on the impact of biofuels and EU renewable energy policy

BRUSSELS – The Brussels-based NGO Transport & Environment has launched a report on biofuels following the adoption, at the end of 2008, of the European Union’s mandatory 10 percent renewable energy target for transport, to be reached by 2020. Veronica Webster, 16/11-2009 The report assesses the environmental implications of this policy and the reasons why meeting the 10 percent target solely through biofuel use is unsustainable. The report discusses how current policy could be redefined to promote a use of biofuels that does not “cause more harm than good.”

It is jointly published by BirdLife, EEB, Fern, Friends of the Earth, Oxfam.

Read the full report here. [i.e.
the following page:]

http://www.transportenvironment.org/low-carbon-fuels

Low Carbon Fuels

­­ Newly agreed EU legislation on biofuels and fuel quality are highly unlikely to reduce CO2 emissions from transport fuel used in Europe. T&E and other environmental organisations are proposing substantial changes, in particular to address the environmental impact of indirect land use change (ILUC) caused by increased biofuel production.
Download the report Biofuels: Handle with care and summary in English, French and German

[Excerpts from the summary:]

Its key finding is
that if the target is, as is widely accepted, almost completely
to be met through the use of biofuels, it is highly unlikely to
be met sustainably. In short, there is a very substantial risk
that current policy will cause more harm than good.
One of the most important reasons for this is the failure to
account for the environmental impact of indirect land use
change (ILUC). When agricultural land is converted for
biofuel production, land elsewhere will be converted for
agriculture, releasing lots of CO2 emissions, hence the term
‘indirect’ land use change. Assessing the impact of ILUC and
incorporating it in biofuels policy is critically important to
ensuring biofuels really do reduce carbon emissions and do
not indirectly increase them.
It’s not too late to fix the policy. The sustainability criteria
in the EU law should be redefined to ensure that all
environmental and social impacts are taken into account,
thereby promoting only the biofuels that bring genuine
overall benefits. Subsequently, the volume targets for
biofuels should be replaced with a target for greenhouse gas
(GHG) reduction for transport fuels. In this way support for
transport fuels would be based on their climate performance,
rather than their name. This way, the policy would actually
be in line with its original purpose, to contribute to the EU’s
fight against climate change.

Recommendations

For European Policy
> The EU should scrap the energy-based target for
renewables (biofuels) in transport and replace it with a
GHG reduction target, provided that robust calculation to
include emissions from both direct and indirect land use
change from biofuels is included.
> Regardless of the future of the overall targets, an absolute
priority is to include estimates for the carbon impact of
ILUC in the regulation. Only with scientifically robust
calculation of ILUC effects, and proposals to avoid them in
the sourcing of all biomass for energy, are current policies
likely to reduce GHG emissions from transport. In doing
this the EU should learn a lesson from California, which has
adopted ILUC factors for different biofuel crops based on
scientific assessment open to public scrutiny. In addition,
further safeguards are needed to reduce biodiversity risks
due to ILUC.
> The policy as currently framed risks encouraging a short
term ‘bubble’ in almost all kinds of biofuels. But in the
medium and longer term, there can be no market for
fuels that are responsible for the release of large amounts
of carbon. A change to the law is therefore urgent to
ensure that the industry only invests in biofuels that are
sustainable when all environmental impacts (particularly
ILUC) are taken into account. Such a precautionary
approach would be perfectly in line with EU law and
would give long-term security to the industry.
> The Commission should ensure transparency and
involvement of all relevant stakeholders in the future
legislative process, which has to clarify numerous
uncertainties in the law. Only with openness and
transparency will the law and its implementation regain
credibility.
For EU Member States
> Develop legislation, taxation policy and other measures
that limit energy demand in the transport sector. These
measures would include substantial increases in vehicle
efficiency alongside a move away from car-dependency,
e.g. by improving the public transport system, making
walking and cycling more attractive, and more effective
strategic and local planning to reduce the need to
travel. Similar efficiency stimulation is needed for freight
transport where specific fuel consumption of trucks must
be reduced and more sustainable alternatives to road
transport encouraged.
> Set no new binding targets for biofuels for the next few
years and abolish or lower existing ones in order to avoid a
massive lock-in to biofuel streams that are highly unlikely
to be viable in the medium term. This can be achieved by
not planning for an increase in biofuel use when drawing
up national Renewable Energy Action Plans until at least
the 2014 review.
> Promote non-biofuel renewable energy sources in
transport, including renewable electricity.
For industry and investors
> Concentrate investment in areas that reduce energy
demand in the transport sector. This creates the best
conditions to meet a future with higher energy prices
and drastic increases in GHG emission reduction
requirements.
> Only invest in biofuels that demonstrably do not pose
significant land use issues and do not risk social and/
or conservation conflicts, such as biofuels derived from
wastes or some residues.
> Avoid investments in biofuels that narrowly pass the GHG
threshold and pose ILUC issues – such investments are
likely to be lost once the EU includes ILUC effects in the
law.
> Slow down on other biofuel investments, including those
that qualify as ‘second-generation’ feedstock until land use
issues have been properly addressed in the sustainability
standards (due by the end of 2012).
> Invest in other promising renewable and low-carbon
energy sources in transport, including renewable
electricity in transport (e.g. trains, ships, plug-in hybrids,
battery electric vehicles etc.) These hold promise for real
and lasting GHG emissions reduction.
Since the biofuel industry is highly dependent on
government support, investor security and high oil prices,
it is important to make clear that the law does not give
clearance for any biofuel production. Security of investments
crucially depends on environmental sustainability. Investors
in biofuels should therefore think twice before putting their
money into the development of feedstocks that require
large areas of land or are unsustainable in any other way.

[The full report contains no mentions of the following: "hunger", "hungry", "malnutrition", "malnourished", "malnourishment", "starvation", "starving", "nitrous", "n2o", "nitrogen", "ecosystem service", "debt" (carbon or ecological), "deficit", "smoke", "pollution", "fertilizer", "phosphorus", "phosphorous", "run-off", "runoff", "erosion",  or the studies Crutzen et al, Fargione et al, Zah et al, TEEB, Kim et al, Righelato and Spracklen.

A final observation: the JRC paper Biofuels in the European Context concludes: "The decision to specifically target GHG reductions in the transport sector reduces the benefits which could be achieved in other ways with the same EU resources, as the cost benefit analysis indicates." 

The full report does note (p16) that this JRC study "found that almost every other technology to reduce GHG emissions is cheaper than producing biofuels" and notes in the preceding paragraph: "it can be said that investing in biofuels is not the most efficient way of mitigating climate change."]




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#3516 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Tue Nov 17, 2009 1:06 am
Subject: New Climate Treaty Could Put Species at Risk, Scientists Argue
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""Despite the best of intentions, mistakes can easily happen because of poor design" said Dr Grainger. "Clearing tropical forests to increase biofuel production to combat climate change is a good example of this. Governments still have time at Copenhagen to add rules to REDD to ensure that it does not make a similar mistake."


http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091116131714.htm

New Climate Treaty Could Put Species at Risk, Scientists Argue

ScienceDaily (Nov. 16, 2009) — Plans to be discussed at the forthcoming UN climate conference in Copenhagen to cut deforestation in developing countries could save some species from extinction but inadvertently increase the risk to others, scientists believe.


A team of eleven of the world's top tropical forest scientists, coordinated by the University of Leeds, warn that while cutting clearance of carbon-rich tropical forests will help reduce climate change and save species in those forests, governments could risk neglecting other forests that are home to large numbers of endangered species.
Under new UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) proposals, the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) scheme would curb carbon emissions by financially rewarding tropical countries that reduce deforestation.
Governments implicitly assume that this is a win-win scheme, benefiting climate and species. Tropical forests contain half of all species and half of all carbon stored in terrestrial vegetation, and their destruction accounts for 18% of global carbon emissions.
However, in a paper published in the latest issue of Current Biology, the scientists warn that if REDD focuses solely on protecting forests with the greatest density of carbon, some biodiversity may be sacrificed.
"Concentrations of carbon density and biodiversity in tropical forests only partially overlap," said Dr Alan Grainger of the University of Leeds, joint leader of the international team. "We are concerned that governments will focus on cutting deforestation in the most carbon-rich forests, only for clearance pressures to shift to other high biodiversity forests which are not given priority for protection because they are low in carbon."
"If personnel and funds are switched from existing conservation areas they too could be at risk, and this would make matters even worse."
If REDD is linked to carbon markets then biodiversity hotspot areas -- home to endemic species most at risk of extinction as their habitats are shrinking rapidly -- could be at an additional disadvantage, because of the higher costs of protecting them.
According to early estimates up to 50% of tropical biodiversity hotspot areas could be excluded from REDD for these reasons. Urgent research is being carried out across the world to refine these estimates.
Fortunately, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is still negotiating the design of REDD and how it is to be implemented.
The team is calling for rules to protect biodiversity to be included in the text of the Copenhagen Agreement. It also recommends that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change give greater priority to studying this issue, and to producing a manual to demonstrate how to co-manage ecosystems for carbon and biodiversity services.
"Despite the best of intentions, mistakes can easily happen because of poor design" said Dr Grainger. "Clearing tropical forests to increase biofuel production to combat climate change is a good example of this. Governments still have time at Copenhagen to add rules to REDD to ensure that it does not make a similar mistake. A well designed REDD can save many species and in our paper we show how this can be done."
| More

Story Source:
Adapted from materials provided by University of Leeds, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
Journal Reference:
  1. Alan Grainger, Douglas H. Boucher, Peter C. Frumhoff, William F. Laurance, Thomas Lovejoy, Jeffrey McNeely, Manfred Niekisch, Peter Raven, Navjot S. Sodhi, Oscar Venter, Stuart L. Pimm. Biodiversity and REDD at Copenhagen. Current Biology, 2009; 19 (21): R974-R976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.001




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#3515 From: James Alden <jamesaldenuk@...>
Date: Mon Nov 16, 2009 11:40 pm
Subject: Conservationists do 'deal with the devil' to save orang-utans
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http://http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/conservationists-do-deal-with-the-devil-to-save-orangutans-1821251.html

Wildlife campaigners have made "a deal with the devil" in a bid to save the orang-utan from being driven into extinction. They have teamed up with the palm-oil industry, widely condemned by conservationists for causing devastation to orang-utans.


But palm-oil companies and the Sabah state government in Borneo have agreed to a project to create wildlife corridors that will link forest areas and create a network of safe havens. They signed up to the pilot scheme last month in Kota Kinabalu, Borneo, and will meet again this month in London to try to agree final details. There are hopes the project can be expanded. Dr Marc Ancrenaz, director of the Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Project, agreed the alliance between conservationists and the palm oil industry was like a pact with the devil but said the green lobby had to be pragmatic in its hopes of saving the red ape.


"The oil-palm industry is going to stay," he said. "There's no point in fighting development. We need to look for a solution together to save the orang-utan. By recreating 100m-wide corridors of forest along major rivers we will provide contiguous corridors of natural habitat to link isolated orang-utan populations. The oil-palm industry has to be part of our conservation efforts if we want to succeed, since the major orang-utan populations in Sabah are fragmented by oil-palm estates."


The meeting in London has been organised by the World Land Trust (WLT), which is anxious to keep all sides talking. Mary Tibbet, of the WLT, said: "It's important to get everyone to the table. The palm-oil industry has been vilified but there could be a mechanism in which they are engaged in the conservation of orang-utans.."


Orang-utans live only in Borneo and Sumatra but have been pushed back into ever-smaller areas of their rainforest habitat largely because of intensive logging and agriculture. In the past century, orang-utan numbers in Borneo and Sumatra have slumped by more than 75 per cent, and in Sabah they have crashed up to 90 per cent in 200 years. But Sabah remains a stronghold for the animal, with more than 11,000 orang-utans living there, a fifth of the total estimated wild population.


The palm-oil industry has expanded rapidly over 20 years, encroaching heavily on the forests where orang-utans live, in response to increasing demand from western countries for palm-oil in cooking and in biofuels. Malaysia is the world's biggest producer of palm oil, the country's third-biggest export, worth £11.5bn last year.


Without the corridors, the animals, which dislike travelling either on the ground or through crop plantations, are trapped in small areas of forest. These fragments support only a handful of the apes and in the long term they would die out because the gene pool is too small to be biologically viable.


The World Bank has stopped lending money to the palm-oil industry amid concerns about the impacts of plantation expansion on local people and the effects of deforestation on orang-utans and other wildlife. Companies such as Lush cosmetics and Cadbury New Zealand have stopped using palm-oil because of environmental concerns.






#3514 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Mon Nov 16, 2009 4:33 pm
Subject: More palm reading, oder Palmölogie für unsere Freunde in Deutschland
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1.  http://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/bnm/20091116/tbs-germany-palmoil-ceeeaba.html

GERMAN STAKEHOLDERS WANT MORE PUBLICITY ON PALM OIL


BERLIN, Nov 16 (Bernama) -- German stakeholders maintain palm oil is a good product and want more publicity on its positive attributes, says Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) chairman Datuk Lee Yeow Chor.
He said the industry players had voiced out complaints during a roundtable discussion held with visiting Malaysian officials that they were being targeted by the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) on the quality of palm oil.
"They want us to have better communication on the strength of palm oil. To portray the image of palm oil as a sustainably produced oil," he told Bernama here over the weekend.
Lee told the stakeholders that the MPOC office in Brussels would provide the support as well as information and materials needed to counter the false allegations.
He explained that there was no deforestation for palm oil as the way forward now was to increase production by way of productivity yield.
Lee was part of the 20-member delegation led by Plantation Industries and Commodities Minister Tan Sri Bernard Dompok on a working visit to Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium from Nov 10 to 21.
In Berlin, members had the opportunity to visit a power plant using palm oil in cooperation with Vattenfall Europe.
The standalone combined heat and power plant of 450 kilowatt hours had been receving palm oil as feedstock on a weekly basis from the IOI Group refinery in Rotterdam.
Lee, who is also executive director of IOI Corp, said the plant was running on coal, natural gas as well as 10 per cent palm oil.
"However, they envisaged to use more palm oil. Palm oil is better than rapeseed for power generation as it produces less residue inside the engines," he said.
The Germans have not only shown that palm oil can run a power plant but also demonstrated a car which had a modified engine to run on palm diesel and petroleum.
According to Lee, the private owner of the car has been using palm diesel for three years now and did not encounter any problem.
In his recent address during a luncheon with German parliamentarians, Lee said Germany had been a major buyer of palm oil for biofuel, especially for transport and generating energy.
He said Germany was also seeking ways to ease the industrial impact on the environment.
However, Lee said Europe's renewable energy directive, which was supposed to support renewable energy, had been abused by the green groups, from NGOs down to the farmers, to block competition from foreign produce
The new directive, adopted in April 2009 and entering into force in December 2010, further develops the European legislative framework, setting new mandatory national targets for renewable energy.
Lee said palm oil is an efficient vegetable oil crop which is six to 10 times more productive than other oil crops, but it is being curtailed due to trade and other barriers.
He said developing nations needed more market access for their palm oil products.
Lee said should palm oil be taken away from the trade equation, the world would be scrambling for more oil which in turn would see more land being open up for production by other oil crops to fill up the gap left by palm oil.
"This defeats all purpose of keeping the world green," he said. -- BERNAMA
SHO LC


2.  http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/20091116010411/Article/

How palm oil helps feed an increasingly hungry world

Published: 2009/11/16
 

INDONESIA’S 7.1 million hectares (ha) of oil palm plantation’s current average oil yield of 2.8 tonnes per ha per year is set to surpass the 3-tonne mark by 2015, as trees mature and bear more fruits, says Indonesian Palm Oil Commission (Ipoc) executive chairperson Dr Rosediana Suharto.

“By 2015, the average oil yield at matured plantations should surpass 4 tonnes per ha per year as more young trees reach their prime fruit bearing age,” she told Business Times at the International Palm Oil Congress (PIPOC) 2009 in Kuala Lumpur last week.

“Big planters have their own replanting schedule.

Since 2008, however, we’ve extended a helping hand to smallholders via the revitalisation programme.


We want to increase our national average oil yield,” she said.
Ipoc collaborates with local commercial banks to facilitate cheaper loans to smallholders to replant their trees.

High yielding seeds are sourced from the Indonesia Oil Palm Research Institute (Iopri), which contracts out hybrid seed breeding to 11 producers.

“Some of the Malaysian oil palm investors also have gentlemen agreements to supply high yielding seeds to smallholders within their plasma schemes,” she added.

Under the plasma scheme, the Indonesian government requires foreign investors to set aside 20 per cent of land to nurture smallholders in oil palm planting.

While not all Malaysian investors are registered with Ipoc, Rosediana estimates that they operate 1.1 million ha of oil palm plantation there.

On this year’s palm oil output, Rosediana estimates it to be some 20 million tonnes, rising to 21 million tonnes in 2010, barring the occasional El Nino drought.

The United Nations Copenhagen Climate Summit, scheduled to start next month, will see 192 countries meet to set targets on carbon emissions.

As heads of states from around the world prepare for the summit, Amsterdam-based Greenpeace stepped up its campaign for a forest moratorium in Indonesia.

Without providing data that can be verified, Greenpeace alleged destruction of Indonesia’s peatland forests alone accounts for 4 per cent of global annual emissions and placed the country third biggest polluter, after the US and China.

Is Greenpeace really a green group? Does it plant trees?
Its 2007 annual report shows it received an annual

contribution of e212 million (RM1.07 billion) and the money was spent on propaganda.

About e10 million (RM50.7 million) was used for “forest campaign” but not a single cent went to tree planting.

It organises theatrical demonstrations and dangerous publicity stunts that sometimes end up causing grevious bodily harm and property damage.

In the last few years, Greenpeace’s fleet of ships with fancy names like “Rainbow Warrior” and “Esperanza” have terrorised palm oil tankers at seaports in Indonesia and New Zealand.

As the Copenhagen Summit draws near, it has become apparent that Greenpeace, Wetlands International, Friends of the Earth (FOE) and World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) are political extensions of the ruling majority in the European Union that assumes changes in tropical forest aggravates global warming.

Oil palm planting has helped reduce poverty in developing countries like Malaysia and Indonesia.

In balancing economics and ecologics, Rosediana noted these Europe-based environmental group tends to negate agriculture’s socio-economic contribution to the people of developing nations.

At the PIPOC 2009 evening forum on “Palm Oil: Balancing Ecologics with Economics”, United Plantations Bhd executive director and vice chairman Datuk Carl Bek-Nielsen made a poignant statement before an audience of more than 1,000 people.


“There is nothing like poverty and hunger that hastens environmental degradation.

Conservation means responsible development as much as it means protection.
“Today there are more than 1.4 billion people living on less than US$1.25 (RM4.22 ) per day.

Whatever strategies these enviromental activists pursue to save Brazil or Borneo’s biodiversity must first offer ways for its residents to improve their lives,” he said.

International banks and funding institutions need to change their way of thinking about this.

Better health, better education, better economic conditions — that will help to protect the environment.

“Very often we speak of the
3-P principle of People-Planet-Profit.

Lets us not forget the basic needs of the people ...

the right to clean water, electricity, proper housing, healthcare and education,” he said.
Bek-Nielsen then referred to the latest United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) report, which shows there are now more than one billion starving people in the world.

After gains in the fight against hunger in the 1980s and early 1990s, the number of undernourished people started to climb in 1995.

Hunger now affects a record of 1.02 billion people globally, or one in six.

Among chief causes are financial meltdown, high food prices, drought and civil wars.
FAO director-general Jacques Diouf was reported as saying that in the fight against hunger, the focus should be on increasing food production.
“It’s common sense that agriculture should be given priority but ...

the opposite has happened,” he said.
Falling agricultural investment in developing countries over the last decade has lead to rising hunger worldwide.

Arable land for agriculture stays the same but the world’s population continue to grow.

Today, it has surpassed 6.5 billion people.
Going forward, it is inevitable that oil palm trees, with its high oil yield, offers a sustainable solution to help feed the world.

Farmers in temperate countries have a choice of planting sunflower for vegetable oil or wheat for flour.

With more global consumption of palm oil, more land can be free from the less efficient-yielding sunflower, to plant wheat to ensure enough global supply of bread and noodles.
 

3.  http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/11/14/business/5110016&sec=business

Saturday November 14, 2009

MPOC chief:Give palm oil due recognition


BERLIN: Palm oil should be duly recognised instead of having its exports curtailed, according to Malaysian Palm Oil Council chief executive officer Tan Sri Dr Yusof Basiron.
He said the fact that Malaysia had kept its permanent forest for biodiversity and not opened new areas for oil palm cultivation had caused the country to forgo the revenue it could generate from the commodity.
In stating his views during the Forum on Sustainability of Palm Oil here Thursday, Yusof said Malaysia had pledged under the Rio Summit to commit over 50% of its land under forest, the balance to agriculture and industrial purposes.
“If 22% of the agriculture portion are tree crops, then 77% of Malaysia is under tree cover, therefore the country is a net carbon sink,” he said.
“We are also able to brief the world that we have enough forest to provide biodiversity. By maintaining this, we had 33% less revenue that we had to forego. So this is a great sacrifice that should be recognised,” he added.
Malaysian Palm Oil Board chairman Datuk Sabri Ahmad contended that much of the land for oil palm cultivation came not from the clearing of permanent forest but as a result of the conversion from rubber plantations.
For the future, he said the sustainable industry was looking at increasing its tonnage following the scarcity of land. — Bernama


4.  http://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/bnm/20091113/tbs-forum-sustainability-ceeeaba.html

BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PALM OIL WOES

BERLIN, Nov 13 (Bernama) -- Except for the Orangutan and Penan being mentioned in passing once, the Forum on the Sustainability of Palm Oil held here, saw renewed interest and a better understanding of palm oil's standing in the very competitive oilseed world.
The forum, hosted by the Konrad Adenaur Stiftung Foundation, saw full attendance by a German audience who held on to their own views while listening attentively to panel discussions.
The panellists at the forum included the Parliamentary Secretary of Germany's Federal Ministry of Environment, Ursula Heinen-Esser, Malaysia's Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities, Tan Sri Bernard Dompok and Markus Kurdziel from GTZ.
Among the views from the floor during the question and answer session was that, Europe should stop telling others what to do and that nobody wants to deforest a rainforest for fun but for development as well as how palm oil is not just a product but a resource for feeding purposes.
Dompok, when asked as to what Malaysia's contribution to the Copenhagen climate talks this December would be, said no country had been willing to keep over 50 percent of its land under forest cover.
"Malaysia is doing just that and this is its largest contribution to the world. Perhaps, we should be paid for keeping this part of our world green," he said.
The Minister said the palm oil industry had strived to meet universally accepted standards and deserved better treatment.
"In fact, the industry is gearing itself towards producing better yields without putting a strain on the forest reserve," he added.
As to how Malaysia would like to be compensated for promoting sustainable production, he said it needed the market to buy the certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO).
"We produce one million tonnes of CSPO and 150,000 hectares of our oil palm is sustainably managed. But the market doesn't take this. They are buying the other cheaper oils. They do not want a premium," he highlighted.
Meanwhile, Heinen-Esser said it would be an obstacle to trade if regulations (towards production) are strict but farmers also had to fulfil some requirements.
"For example, we have said "no", to the introduction of subsidies if they do not apply the rules on stability. We have a responsibility to our world.
"The same goes if palm oil.If not produced sustainably, then it would not be promoted by the German taxpayers," she added. -- BERNAMA
SHO AS


5.  http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=68824
Rebates for 20 oil palm smallholders
Published on: Friday, November 13, 2009
Kota Kinabalu: Twenty Sabah-based oil palm smallholders on Thursday became the first batch of recipients of the State Government's "Relief Incentive" of RM50 per tonne of oil palm meant to reduce the smallholders burden.
Chief Minister Datuk Seri Musa Aman said the incentive under the Oil Sawit Assistance Scheme is to defray losses the smallholders incurred during the months of October, November and December last year due to low price of the commodity.
"The Relief Incentive is a one-off cash payment of RM50 per tonne during the three months," he said at the launching of the scheme at Wisma Kewangan.
According to him, the one-off payment is limited to a maximum area of 6.07ha or 15 acres per smallholder whose crop is between four and 25 years.
Based on an estimated average yield of 1.5 tonnes a month, he said the incentive payment per hectare is RM75 a month or RM225 for a period of three months.
So, if the smallholder has 6.07ha, he is qualified to receive incentive of RM1,366.75 at the maximum rate, he said. The Government allocated RM15 million for this purpose.
"We hope the relief incentive will be able to reduce the burden of the smallholders, particularly to defray the cost of oil palm production," he said, and urged all smallholders to register at the nearest agriculture offices.
He said the sudden drop in the price of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) from RM3,500 per tonne to RM1,400 end of last year caused a huge impact on oil palm smallholders in Sabah.
During the period, smallholders were unable to sell their fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) and this resulted in their income dropping.
He said the increase in agriculture input prices, especially fertiliser, only compounded the smallholders misery.
Hence, as a caring and responsible government, he said a Special Task Force Committee chaired by the Finance Ministry was set up to form the Sawit Assistance Scheme and the Flexible Loan Scheme with funds of RM50 million from the State Government.
"The Sawit Assistance Scheme is handled by the Agriculture Department, the initial approach was that payment is based on the floor price of RM250 per tonne to smallholders that have acreage less than 6.07ha or 15 acre," he said.
Of the 11,018 sawit smallholders involving 40,902ha registered in 2008 with the Malaysia Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Musa said only 727 smallholders involving 3,880ha came forward to register with the Agriculture Department to take advantage of the scheme.
The low number was due to the oil palm market recovery where the price is more than the floor price of RM250 per tonne. At that time, the smallholders were no longer facing problems in selling the FFB.
"Hence, no payment was made to smallholders who registered with the scheme," he said. However, for the sake of the smallholders welfare, the Sawit Assistance Scheme was reviewed.
With that, he said the State Government introduced the Relief Incentive payment of RM50 per tonne to qualified oil palm smallholders.
To expedite channelling of government assistance, Musa said the smallholders in each district are encouraged to form an association or organisation as channel between them and the Government.
"The Government is always willing to listen and will strive to consider their needs so as to develop the agriculture sector to be more competitive," he said.

[Ends]



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#3513 From: Guadalupe Rodríguez <guadalupe@...>
Date: Mon Nov 16, 2009 11:28 am
Subject: Palm Oil-Powered Plant Supply Heat To German Homes
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http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsbusiness.php?id=455378

Palm Oil-Powered Plant Supply Heat To German Homes

*From Siti Hawa Othman*

BERLIN, Nov 15 (Bernama) -- Despite adverse publicity on palm oil, the
commodity has proven its efficiency as a fuel to supply heat to nearly
35,000 German homes.

A combined heat and power plant operated by Vattenhall Europe at
Weigandufer, near here, has been running on natural gas, coal and a
portion of palm oil supplied by Malaysia's IOI Group refinery in Rotterdam.

"There is an estimated 40 miles of piping to various homes. The
certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO) is doing a humble effort in
keeping the German and European families warm at an affordable rate," said

Chief Executive Officer of Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) Tan Sri Dr
Yusof Basiron.

Speaking to BERNAMA, he said, the plant could not use local seed oil as
it was expensive and does not burn as fuel.

As such, palm oil clearly had all the positive attributes in being not
only a renewable fuel at an affordable price but the oil could also work
in any situation, whether hot or cold.

Dr Yusof said palm oil's contribution has been tremendous in not only
providing income for the farmers in Malaysia but also in providing heat
to the community in German.

However, the pressures exerted by NGOs had affected European consumers
perception of palm oil.

"It is unfortunate. Palm oil is a good product which provides a good
service, but it was denied a fair mention.

"The irony of the matter is that, other competing products which were
not certified, not sustainable and not functioning well as a fuel, did
not face such problems.

"This could well suggest a business rivalry in play, with the pressure
groups being funded by bigger players, who don't want such renewable
energy product to come strongly into the market.

"We don't know the real perpetrators of the campaign. They are cashing
in on the popularity of going green. And for the NGOs, their real
intentions remained unknown.

"But whatever it is, they are denying producers and consumers a
legitimate opportunity to flourish," he said.

Dr Yusof said palm oil has been making huge sacrifices to the community
unlike what was being portrayed by NGOs.

He said the situation could not be further jeopardised by overzealous
NGOs that are looking only at deforestation aspect of the oil palm which
is not substantiated.

He pointed out that deforestation was done long ago for creating
agricultural land to meet developmental needs of the nation.

Malaysia had already committed itself under the Rio Summit to have over
50 per cent of its land under forest cover.

-- BERNAMA

--
Guadalupe Rodríguez
Salva la Selva /Rettet den Regenwald

www.salvalaselva.org
www.regenwald.org
www.stop-agrocombustibles.nireblog.com

Oficina Berlin
Hasenheide, 56
10967 Berlin, Alemania
Tel.: +49 (0)30- 51736879

#3512 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Mon Nov 16, 2009 1:22 am
Subject: Britain cuts down forests to keep ‘green’ power stations burning
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Biofuelwatch features as a source here, though sadly the article doesn't accurately quote its sources.  The Biofuelwatch Anglesey briefing noted that replacing felled trees takes 30+ years to regrow the carbon.  I cannot see how the Environment Agency report can be construed as saying that shipping timber from abroad halves the potential CO2 savings, as its emissions estimates for shipping from N. America are an order of magnitude less than the typical emissions savings against gas and coal, excluding the matter of re-growing the trees.


http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6918024.ece

From
November 16, 2009

Britain cuts down forests to keep ‘green’ power stations burning

Britain is set to plunder the lungs of the world to feed its growing hunger for wood to burn in power stations.
A series of biomass-fired plants are being built in the UK that will trigger a 150 per cent surge in timber imports from 20 million tonnes today to 50 million tonnes by 2015, according to the Forestry Commission.
British power plants are already shipping wood from Canada, Brazil, Scandinavia and South Korea.
Just one of the new biomass plants at Port Talbot, South Wales, will consume three million tonnes of wood per year — equivalent to 30 per cent of the UK’s domestic annual wood harvest of ten million tonnes.

But the plant, which is due to open in 2012, will generate only 300 megawatt hours of electricity, or about 0.4 per cent of the UK's current power-generating capacity. At least four more 300-megawatt plants are planned, including three in Yorkshire that have been proposed by Drax, operator of Britain’s largest coal-fired power station. Another company, MGT, plans to build one on Teesside.
A spokesman for Prenergy, which is behind the Port Talbot plant, said 90 per cent of its wood supplies would be imported, although he insisted that all of it would be sourced from proven sustainable sources.
Nevertheless, environmental campaigners have raised concerns about the carbon emissions involved in shipping the wood such large distances, while to meet UK pest control laws the timber will need to be baked before it can be shipped to the UK.
Wood industry officials have warned that British families could face soaring prices for a range of wood-based products, including furniture, wood panels and even wallpaper because of its impact on low-grade timber and wood pulp prices.
“It’s going to push timber prices through the roof,” said Gavin Adkins, chairman of the Wood Panel Industry Federation. He is concerned that large parts of the £1 billion industry that rely on wood as its main raw material will be forced offshore.
Although wood prices have moderated during the recession, rapid growth in demand had led to a 25 per cent rise since 2007, Mr Adkins said. “We operate in a low-margin industry and our ability to absorb such increases in raw material costs is limited. Inevitably these costs will have to be passed on to the consumer. Obviously, the timing could not be worse for the construction industry, which has been seriously hit in this recession.”
He said the number of jobs that may be lost was causing concerns for companies in the saw-milling, wood-panel and paper and pulp industries. The federation is lobbying for the biomass industry, which is supported by a government subsidy regime, to be given extra incentives to use waste wood instead of virgin timber for fuel. An estimated 4.5 million tonnes of waste wood are landfilled in the UK each year, according to government estimates.
A recent report from the Environment Agency stated that shipping timber from overseas could halve the potential carbon dioxide savings from biomass power.
Natural fuel
1% The amount of UK energy consumption from biomass
744 sq miles The size of forest needed for UK wood-fuelled power station growth in next three years
50% The rise in carbon discharges caused by long-distance transport and burning of wood over burning coal
30 years The time new trees need to absorb the equivalent amount of carbon released by cutting down and burning wood for fuel
Sources: Times Database; Massachusetts Environmental Energy Alliance; Biofuelwatch.co.uk




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#3511 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Mon Nov 16, 2009 12:25 am
Subject: Conservationists do 'deal with the devil' to save orang-utans
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http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/conservationists-do-deal-with-the-devil-to-save-orangutans-1821251.html

Conservationists do 'deal with the devil' to save orang-utans

Agreement sought with palm-oil industry to create ape-saving forest corridors

By Lewis Smith

Monday, 16 November 2009


Borneo's orang-utans

Borneo's orang-utans face a bleak future as loggers and farmers clear the rainforest


Wildlife campaigners have made "a deal with the devil" in a bid to save the orang-utan from being driven into extinction. They have teamed up with the palm-oil industry, widely condemned by conservationists for causing devastation to orang-utans.

But palm-oil companies and the Sabah state government in Borneo have agreed to a project to create wildlife corridors that will link forest areas and create a network of safe havens. They signed up to the pilot scheme last month in Kota Kinabalu, Borneo, and will meet again this month in London to try to agree final details. There are hopes the project can be expanded. Dr Marc Ancrenaz, director of the Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Project, agreed the alliance between conservationists and the palm oil industry was like a pact with the devil but said the green lobby had to be pragmatic in its hopes of saving the red ape.

"The oil-palm industry is going to stay," he said. "There's no point in fighting development. We need to look for a solution together to save the orang-utan. By recreating 100m-wide corridors of forest along major rivers we will provide contiguous corridors of natural habitat to link isolated orang-utan populations. The oil-palm industry has to be part of our conservation efforts if we want to succeed, since the major orang-utan populations in Sabah are fragmented by oil-palm estates."

The meeting in London has been organised by the World Land Trust (WLT), which is anxious to keep all sides talking. Mary Tibbet, of the WLT, said: "It's important to get everyone to the table. The palm-oil industry has been vilified but there could be a mechanism in which they are engaged in the conservation of orang-utans.."

Orang-utans live only in Borneo and Sumatra but have been pushed back into ever-smaller areas of their rainforest habitat largely because of intensive logging and agriculture. In the past century, orang-utan numbers in Borneo and Sumatra have slumped by more than 75 per cent, and in Sabah they have crashed up to 90 per cent in 200 years. But Sabah remains a stronghold for the animal, with more than 11,000 orang-utans living there, a fifth of the total estimated wild population.

The palm-oil industry has expanded rapidly over 20 years, encroaching heavily on the forests where orang-utans live, in response to increasing demand from western countries for palm-oil in cooking and in biofuels. Malaysia is the world's biggest producer of palm oil, the country's third-biggest export, worth £11.5bn last year.

Without the corridors, the animals, which dislike travelling either on the ground or through crop plantations, are trapped in small areas of forest. These fragments support only a handful of the apes and in the long term they would die out because the gene pool is too small to be biologically viable.

The World Bank has stopped lending money to the palm-oil industry amid concerns about the impacts of plantation expansion on local people and the effects of deforestation on orang-utans and other wildlife. Companies such as Lush cosmetics and Cadbury New Zealand have stopped using palm-oil because of environmental concerns.


[Ends]





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#3510 From: "dave.yates3@..." <dave.yates3@...>
Date: Sun Nov 15, 2009 11:18 am
Subject: Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil rejects greenhouse gas emissions standards
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#3509 From: "dave.yates3@..." <dave.yates3@...>
Date: Sun Nov 15, 2009 11:11 am
Subject: Is it possible to avoid unsustainable palm oil?
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#3508 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Fri Nov 13, 2009 7:20 pm
Subject: Amazon deforestation 'record low'
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1.  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8358094.stm

Page last updated at 00:38 GMT, Friday, 13 November 2009

Amazon deforestation 'record low'

By Gary Duffy
BBC News, Sao Paulo

Rainforest destruction in Brazil
Brazil's disappearing rainforests have been a concern for decades

The rate of deforestation in the Amazon has dropped by 45% and is the lowest on record since monitoring began 21 years ago, Brazil's government says.

According to the latest annual figures, just over 7,000 sq km was destroyed between July 2008 and August 2009.
The drop is welcome news for the government in advance of the Copenhagen summit on climate change.
But Greenpeace says there is still too much deforestation and the government's targets are not ambitious enough.
According to the Brazilian space agency, which monitors deforestation in the Amazon, the annual rate of destruction fell by 45%.
Green credentials
Welcoming the news, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva described the drop in the level of deforestation as "extraordinary".
He said climate change was the most challenging issue the world was facing.
The Brazilian government will undoubtedly view the latest figures as a boost to its green credentials coming just before the Copenhagen summit in December.
At the summit, the Brazilian government seems certain to present its efforts to reduce destruction in the Amazon as a key part of its strategy to combat climate change.
The environment ministry here is said to be proposing that around half of a 40% cut in Brazil's carbon emissions would come from reducing deforestation.
The Brazilian government wants to see an 80% reduction in the deforestation rate by 2020.
The environmental pressure group, Greenpeace, welcomed the latest drop as important, but said that there was still too much destruction in the rainforest.
In a statement, it said the president would be happy if, in 11 years time, the Amazon was being destroyed at a rate of a little less than three cities the size of Sao Paulo a year.
Some environmentalists believe that the fall in deforestation may be connected to the economic downturn, and that when things improve, the Amazon could face renewed pressure.


2.  http://news.mongabay.com/2009/1113-brazil_amazon_deforestation.html

Brazil releases official Amazon deforestation figures for 2009
mongabay.com
November 13, 2009

Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon fell nearly 46 percent to the lowest annual loss on record in 2009, reported the Brazilian government Thursday.

INPE, the country's space agency, found that 7,008 square kilometers (2,705 square miles) of forest were cleared during the 12-month period ended July 2009, the lowest extent since annual record-keeping began in 1988.

"The new deforestation data represents an extraordinary and significant reduction for Brazil," President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva said in a statement.



The Brazilian government attributed most of the reduction to increased enforcement effort, including fines, arrests, and seizure of cattle and crops produced on illegally deforested lands, but analysts suggest that falling commodity prices have had a more significant impact in the trend. Agricultural production is an increasingly important driver of forest clearing and conversion in the Amazon.

The reduction in Amazon deforestation comes a year after Brazil announced an ambitious plan to reduce forest loss by 70 percent by 2018 as part of its climate policy. Deforestation accounts for more than three-fifths of Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 20 percent of emissions worldwide. Brazil is seeking billions of dollars from industrialized nations for its efforts to reduce deforestation.








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#3507 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Fri Nov 13, 2009 5:40 pm
Subject: Banner to Obama: stop Indonesia deforestation; 2 related items
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Hat tip to ApeAlliance for these.


1. Climate Activists call on Obama to stop Indonesian Deforestation

by Takver - Climate Indymedia

Thursday Nov 12th, 2009 10:07 AM

20091112_obama_you_can_stop_this.jpg

Greenpeace and Indigenous Climate activists in Indonesia have
unfurled a 20 metre by 30 metre banner protesting Deforestation which
said 'Obama you can stop this' calling on President Obama to take a
leadership role in climate negotiations in Copenhagen in December and
at APEC in Singapore this weekend.
To view photo, go to:
http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/11/12/18628447.php

Photo: Copyright Greenpeace / John Novis and published according to
the Greenpeace copyright policy for educational use.

Previous Story: Climate Defenders Camp established to preserve
Indonesian Rainforest Peatlands
<http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/11/03/18627666.php>

Activists from a Climate Camp in the forests of Indonesia have taken
direct action locking down earrthmoving and logging equipment. The
site on the Kampar Peninsula of the island of Sumatra is being logged
and cleared by Asia Pacific Resources International Holding Ltd
(APRIL), one of the largest pulp and paper companies in Indonesia, to
make way for tree plantations, grown for pulp and paper. One group of
activists unfurled a 20metre by 30 metre banner which said 'Obama you
can stop this' appealing for hm to take a leadership role in Climate
Negotiations at COP15 Copenhagen in December, and to also raise it at
the APEC heads of Government meeting in Singapore 14-15 November. All
the activists have been detained by Police.

Global deforestation is responsible for about a fifth of global
greenhouse gas emissions. While the banner was being deployed other
activists locked onto the heavy excavators owned APRIL.

Greenpeace earlier released fresh evidence of APRIL conducting forest
clearing and peat drainage in this area. Greenpeace claims there are
strong indications that the peat is deeper than three meters - illegal
to drain under Indonesian law - despite APRIL's statements that it has
ceased operations in the peninsula.

This evidence was presented to a public meeting held by APRIL in the
region capital of Pekanbaru. According to Greenpeace APRIL stated
<http://weblog.greenpeace.org/climate/2009/11/fresh_evidence_of_land_clearan.html>
that they had yet to begin active clearing in the area of the Kampar
peninsula.

It has been reported that Finnish paper giant UPM-Kymmene has decided
to discontinue its contract with APRIL arising from a WWF Finland
campaign. UPM-Kymmene is featured in Nordic Carbon Disclosure
Leadership Index (CDLI 2009 Nordic) and has taken proactive action to
reduce green house emissions from its plants. A 1998 report by
independent auditors SGS referred directly to UPM-Kymmene and said
"APRIL would not be able to undertake its destructive activities
without this market support. These companies must therefore accept
partial responsibility for supporting the catastrophic damage that has
occurred in recent years to Indonesia's forests." (World Rainforest
Movement bulletin Nº 55, February 2002.
<http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/55/Indonesia.html>)

The soils on the Kampar Peninsular store about 2 billion tonnes of
carbon in swampy peatland forests and mangroves. Much of the forest on
the peninsular has already been destroyed to make way for palm
pantations and industrial tree plantations for the pulp and paper
industry. APRIL claims it want to protect the Kampar Peninsular with a
REDD project - a "plantation ring" around the Kampar Peninsula offers
the most viable management option." says APIL's website
<http://www.aprilasia.com//index.php?/content/view/57/89/>.

A report released in October, 2009 by Reduced emissions from
deforestation and degradation (REDD) - Indonesia: indigenous peoples
and the Kampar Peninsular
<http://www.redd-monitor.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Indonesia_rights_briefing_oct09_low_res_eng.pdf>
- has found that APRIL has ignored the views of local people on the
Kampar Peninsular, including basic information about the project.

A survey and workshops were done with indigenous communities in May
2009 which found "None of the communities had been given clear
information about the project, no efforts had been made by the company
to assess communities' land use systems or customary rights, no
measures had been taken to identify their representative
organisations, and no negotiations had been undertaken to secure their
agreement to the proposed project.". The report concludes
"Alternatives that exclude local people will neither be sustainable
nor just, and risk provoking further conflicts over land." More
Information from REDD in Indonesia - Indonesia: Communities reject
APRIL's REDD plans on the Kampar Peninsular
<http://redd-indonesia.org/en/news-room/detail-news/read/indonesia-communities-reject-aprils-redd-plans-on-the-kampar-peninsular/>.

Peat is said to account for 50% of Indonesia's carbon emissions as a
result of drainage, degradation, oxidation and/or burning. Stopping
deforestation and drainage of swamplands would help reduce Indonesia's
carbon emissions drastically and would contribute greatly to meeting
the President of Indonesia's declared target of 26% emission
reductions by 2020.

Related: Climate Defenders Camp established to preserve Indonesian
Rainforest Peatlands
<http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/11/03/18627666.php>
| Photoset of Direct Action
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/greenpeaceinternational/sets/72157622663878445/>
| APRIL watch Blog <http://aprilwatch.blogspot.com/>
| Pulpmill watch <http://www.pulpmillwatch.org/countries/indonesia/>
| REDD Indonesia <http://redd-indonesia.org/en/>
| Greenpeace Climate Rescue Blog
<http://weblog.greenpeace.org/climate/>

__________________________________________________________________________


2. Indonesian NGO, Centre for Orangutan Protection, Press Release:

ZERO: MINISTRY OF FORESTRY'S ACTION

ON ORANGUTAN PROTECTION

to be released November 12, 2009

Jakarta - Centre for Orangutan Protection (COP). Just when orangutan
supporters around the world are celebrating Orangutan Awareness Week
with bazaars, rallies, exhibitions, and other various events to build
up public supports this week, the very orangutans they support are
being chased and murdered in Kalimantan as direct impact of
deforestation actions to clear the land for oil palm plantations.

"Public awareness has risen fast. Thousands of people have joined
forces as supporters of various organisations of orangutan
conservation. There has been 2,800 people supporters for COP only.
They are sincerely committed to volunteer or donate for COP.
Ironically, efforts to protect orangutans were like headbanging to the
wall. The Ministry of Forestry's action on this important issue is
almost zero. Despite the fact that most steps in the field,
technically, have been carried out and funded by organisations of
orangutan conservation. What was left to be done by the Ministry of
Forestry is just to use their authority to stop the clearing of
orangutans' habitat and to allocate forests to release the
orangutans to the wild," said Hardi Baktiantoro, Orangutan
Campaigner of COP.

Currently, at least 1,200 orangutans are trapped in various
Rehabilitation Centers without any clear future. Surveys on lands to
release them safely have been conducted, but it is almost impossible
to find a safe land due to almost every forest left was sold to
companies. Meanwhile, orangutans become victims everyday due to
continued deforestation. Genocide takes place everyday. And not even
one man has been taken to the Court so far. The Minister of Forestry
is still not doing anything important to fulfill its responsibillity
to stop and prevent the crimes and cruelties in the forest.

The lack of awareness of the Ministry of Forestry has not only
threatened the continuity of the life of orangutans and millions of
Indonesian wild species, but also the life of Dayak tribes in
Kalimantan.

"I came to Jakarta to call for the President of Republic Indonesia,
to make him aware that our forest is almost extinct due to heavy
destruction carried out by PT Nabatindo Karya Utama and PT Windu
Nabatindo Lestari. The forest gives us life. If it is destroyed then
what will we eat? Should we work as labors in the company who takes
the land we used to own?" said Christopel Sahabu, a senior native of
a Dayak tribe from Sampit, Central Kalimantan.

Christopel Sahabu and his family has been cultivating the forest in
Tumbang Koling village, Kotawaringin Timur regency, since 1972. At the
moment, corporations have put up signboards of new path for excavators
to flatten the forest. Orangutans and 11 kinds of rare mammals that
are protected by the Law such as sunbears, macaques, tree tigers and
tarsius, would be massacred within days if the Ministry of Forestry
does not take any measures.

Similar situation also occurs along the Katingan river in Kasongan
regency, Central Kalimantan. The lives of at least 1,500 orangutans
and life source of 5,000 inhabitants of Tumbang Tura, Tumbang Tanjung
and Tumbang Lahang villages are threatened by the expansion of 15 palm
oil companies, including Makin Group and TSH Berhad from Malaysia. In
the vicinity of Gunung Palung National Park in Central Kalimantan, the
Centre for Orangutan Protection had to evacuate orangutans from the
forest destroyed by PT CUS and First Resources Ltd.

Orangutans are one of the wild species protected by the Indonesian
Law. As the only great ape in Asia, orangutans have received
exceptional amount of attention from animal lovers around the world.
Zero awareness of the Ministry of Forestry has pushed the life of
orangutans to irony: they are not protected from the lawbreaking and
the cruelty.

"If this is the best we can do to the closest kin of humans, then
what could we offer to millions of other species?" asked Hardi
Baktiantoro in the street protest with the Dayak indigenous people in
the HI circle of Jakarta. They wore traditional costumes and danced a
war dance.

Further information please contact:

Hardi Baktiantoro

mobile : 0812 11 45 911

email : orangutan@... <mailto:orangutan@...>

Centre for Orangutan Protection acts in the frontlines to stop and
prevent cruelty and crimes against orangutans. We perform
investigation, documentation, exposures and confront the forest
criminals if needed. Visit us at our website: www.cop.or.id
<http://www.cop.or.id/>


3. http://news.mongabay.com/2009/1112-blackwashing.html

Blackwashing by NGOs, greenwashing by corporations, threatens environmental progress

Rhett A. Butler, mongabay.com

November 12, 2009

Competing groups misrepresent facts to the detriment of the wider public.



Misinformation campaigns
by both corporations and environmental groups threaten to undermine
efforts to conserve biodiversity and reduce environmental degradation,
argues a new paper published in the journal Biotropica [PDF].

Growing concerns over climate change and unsustainable resource
extraction have put companies that exploit the environment in the
spotlight. Some firms have responded by taking measures to reduce their
environmental impact. Others have alternatively engaged in
sophisticated marketing campaigns intended to mislead consumers on
their environmental performance, maintaining that
environmentally-destructive practices are instead benign.





Healthy forest and deforested area in Borneo. The former is suitable orangutan
habitat, the latter (despite claims to the contrary by palm oil marketing groups) is not





.

At the same time some activist groups have been guilty of exaggerating
claims of environmental misconduct in order to boost support for their
campaigns and therefore their fundraising efforts.

We (I am one of seven co-authors) argue that both approaches
ultimately "hinder conservation outcomes through the erosion of
positive public perception and the creation of consumer apathy."

The current debate over the environmental impact of palm oil is a prime
example. At one extreme, palm oil marketing bodies like the Malaysian
Palm Oil Council (MPOC) and the Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI)
would have consumers believe that palm oil is a "miracle crop" that
delivers only benefits and no harms (like carbon emissions and
deforestation). At the other, some environmental groups assert that oil
palm expansion will drive the immediate extinction of orangutans (as
soon as 2011), a claim which cannot be substantiated scientifically
(orangutans are indeed threatened by oil palm expansion, among other
practices like logging, but with a wild population exceeding 50,000
they are unlikely to extinct within the next two years).

We argue that it is the responsibility of scientists to critically
assess claims by both sides to ensure that an accurate picture emerges:
    The same degree of accountability and transparency demanded from the oil palm industry should also be expected from environmental groups, who are self-declared monitors of the industry. It is in the interest of such groups to invest more caution in verifying their own statements before public distribution. Factually dubious information advanced as truth by activists could provide ammunition for trade groups to dismiss environmental concerns altogether, or for naysayers to dispute their claims (e.g., Lomborg 2001, 2007). Most importantly, such blackwashing could undermine the trust invested by consumers in the certification process for sustainable palm oil specifically and other certified products more generally, and by extension, the environmental and social benefits that could otherwise be achieved...



    Oil palm plantation and logged-over forest in Borneo.
    The continued growth of the global population and societal wealth ensures that demand for agricultural and industrial products will continue to increase. We cannot conceive of a credible way to meet these demands without large-scale and often intensive agriculture, which is most efficiently and cost-effectively managed by corporations (we do not deny that other models exist, but we judge them to be insufficient to meet global human necessities). Accepting this, corporations and large-scale agricultural estates make a necessary contribution to societal needs, which we must recognize as being the product of our own consumer behavior (including what, how much, and what price of products we choose to consume). At the same time, our concerns for the environment—and, in our case, tropical forests in particular—demand that we balance our needs for consumer products with the environmental degradation this might entail. We need environmental activists to pressure corporations to minimize their environmental impacts. We also need environmental activists to hold companies to account for any mismanagement and misrepresentation, deliberate or otherwise. To a great extent we (as general public) rely on pressure groups to expose malpractices, and it is precisely for this reason that these groups should strive to maintain the highest standards of reporting. Trust in these organizations begins to be undermined when this is not the case...

    We need both corporations and environmental groups: we need to convince the former that we will hold them to account, and we need to trust the latter to advance these efforts for us responsibly.

Lian Pin Koh, Jaboury Ghazoul, Rhett A. Butler, William F. Laurance, Navjot S. Sodhi, Javier Mateo-Vega, and Corey J. A. Bradshaw. Wash and Spin Cycle Threats to Tropical Biodiversity [PDF]. BIOTROPICA: 1–5 2009 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00588.x

Comments (4)

This is one of the most well balanced pieces I have yet to read on this issue. Shedding light on both sides of this conflict will hopefully accelerate a resolution between both sides, bringing industries and environmental groups to the table to work out ways to provide the world with its needs in a truly sustainable way.
David Callicott

Yes indeed, well said all around.
Good to have the 'blackwashing' term as well so that concepts can be summed up more quickly.
And yes, although I know Greenpeace and others are working to support conservation, have never been a fan of some of their tactics. It (blackwashing!) gets attention to an issue, but often without providing the full picture/all sides of the issue. Which then leaves the whole matter open to criticism and for being chicken little and all that.
The whole 'orangutans will be extinct in ten years' statement has been going around for, I don't know, fifteen plus years (+/-).
(Although, let's give credit where it's due - things could/would be a lot worse if conservation and government bodies were not doing all that they are doing. {on that note it could also be said that conservation and government bodies also need to accept some of the 'blame' for things being quite bad - which, although yes there still remains a fairly large population of orangutans in Borneo, they are still classified as an endangered species, and the Sumatran orangutan a critically endangered species. So, we do need to call attention to the issue, urgently, but we need to do it in a measured manner}).
So what's been said here really puts it in perspective.
Excellent.
dave dellatore

By the way, this is what's been said most recently about orangutan populations in Sumatra:
Using various population modeling techniques, orangutan conservation biologists have predicted that high annual rates of habitat loss (15% or higher) will result in the inevitable extinction in all Sumatran orangutan populations within the next 50 years (Marshall et al., 2009). According to this study, only the West Batang Toru population (located south of Lake Toba) is large enough and has a sufficiently low rate of habitat loss (2% annually) to persist for more than 150 years – however, if these rates were to continue this population too would be pushed to extinction within 275 years. The same study shows that if logging and hunting are halted altogether, the number of Sumatran orangutans expected to remain in 50 years would be about 6,570, representing a rather slight decline from the current population estimate of 6,624 (Wich et al., 2008). Nevertheless, it must be considered that although these data are based on informed scientific models, they are still only potential outcomes and thus need to be treated with a certain level of caution.
-
So the study (which references previous PHVAs) gives the parameters used in the model, and if upheld, it is reasonable to assume that what is predicted may become true.
The last sentence from above is key to the whole issue though - models are not (always) reality. And what is be x today may well become y, z, and a little bit of x tomorrow.
So, maybe it's fifty years, maybe it's next year, maybe never.

But so long as it is explained how the figures are developed, and the conditions used; we can then base our current work off of these findings, and try to do something about it.
References:
Marshall, A.J., Lacy, R., Ancrenaz, M., Byers, O., Husson, S.J., Leighton, M., Meijaard, E., Rosen, N., Singleton, I., Stephens, S., Traylor-Holzer, K., Utami Atmoko, S.S., van Schaik, C.P.,Wich, S.A. (2009). Orangutan population biology, life history, and conservation: Perspectives from population viability analysis models, in Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation, Wich, S.A., Utami Atmoko, S.S., Mitra Setia, T., van Schaik, C. P., Editors. Oxford University Press
Wich, S.A., Meijaard, E., Marshall, A.J., Husson, S., Ancrenaz, M., Lacy, R.C., van Schaik, C.P., Sugardjito, J., Simorangkir, T., Traylor-Holzer, K., Doughty, M., Supriatna, J., Dennis, R., Gumal, M., Knott, C.D., Singleton, I. (2008). Distribution and conservation status of the orangutan (Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain? Oryx. 42: p. 332-339.
dave dellatore

A most important article. As a long-time campaigner for sustainable palm oil I am frequently frustrated by well-meaning colleagues in the conservation world simplistically resorting to a call to boycott palm oil without taking the time to understand the complexities of the issue. Palm oil is a necessary commodity and is here to stay. Any monoculture by its very nature cannot ever truly be considered sustainable, but we have the power to push for the MOST sustainable production of palm oil over the less sustainable.
I do support Greenpeace's work on this issue as they invest a great deal in investigating and documenting their allegations and have the international presence to draw attention to the worst offenders.
I think for the most part, the serious NGOs participating in this debate HAVE been balanced and have put forth facts and evidence to support their claims, but the media has often picked up on the more sensational messages put out by less diligent NGOs, many of whom blackwash the whole industry. This has the effect of blackwashing those NGOs who are realistically trying to address this issue and seek solutions.

Michelle Desilets





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#3506 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Fri Nov 13, 2009 12:16 pm
Subject: Big profit from nature protection
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8357723.stm

Page last updated at
11:12 GMT, Friday, 13 November 2009

Big profit from nature protection

By Richard Black
Environment correspondent, BBC News website

Fire clearing Amazon forest for cattle
Societies gain financially from leaving forests intact rather than clearing them

Money invested in protecting nature can bring huge financial returns, according to a major investigation into the costs and benefits of the natural world.

It says money ploughed into protecting wetlands, coral reefs and forests can bring a hundredfold return on capital.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity study (Teeb) is backed by the UN and countries including the UK.
The project's leader says governments should act on its findings at next month's UN climate summit.
Teeb is the first attempt to evaluate the economic value of "ecosystem services" - things that parts of the natural world do for free, such as purifying drinking water or protecting coasts from storms - on a systematic and global basis.
We can say quite confidently that there is a solid benefit from investing in protected areas
Pavan Sukhdev
"We have now evaluated 1,100 studies ranging across different countries and different ecosystem services," said study leader Pavan Sukhdev, a Deutsche Bank economist.
"And we find that with protected areas, for example, no matter how you slice the figures up you come up with a ratio of benefits to costs that's between 25-to-one and 100-to-one.
"Now we can say quite confidently that there is a solid benefit from investing in protected areas," he told BBC News.
Watery world
The project's initial tranche of work focussed on forests, finding that the ongoing loss of forest comes with an annual pricetag of US $2-5 trillion, dwarfing the banking crisis.
The new analysis takes the economists to the undersea realms of fisheries and coral reefs.
Conservation groups have repeatedly called for a vast expansion in protection for marine ecosystems, both to conserve biodiversity and as a longer-term boost to fisheries yields.
Mr Sukhdev said there was a powerful economic case for this as well.
"If we were to expand marine protection from less than 1% to 30%, say, what would that cost?
"Establishing reserves, policing them and so on, would cost about $40-50bn per year - and the annual benefit would be about $4-5 trillion."
The benefits would come from increasing fish catches and tourism revenue and - in the case of reefs - protecting shorelines from the destructive force of storms.
Hammerhead shark
Palau recently decided that economics favour protecting, not killing, sharks

"The Teeb report is hugely significant in showing that [loss of nature] is inextricably linked with a sustainable worldwide economy, and we warmly welcome the call upon policymakers to accelerate, scale-up and embed investments in the management and restoration of ecosystems," commented Stephen Hopper, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.
The study says protected areas need to be chosen carefully, as they are on land, and concentrated in areas of ecological and economic importance.
Other examples given in the report include:
  • a Costa Rican study showing that areas of intact forest increase the yield of coffee farms by 20% because they shelter pollinating insects
  • a grassland conservation area in New Zealand that supplies the Otago region with free water that would cost $100m per year to bring in from elsewhere
  • in Vietnam, planting and protecting nearly 12,000 hectares of mangroves cost the government $1.1m but saved annual expenditures on dyke maintenance of $7.3m
Forest call
Although individual economists have made these arguments before, Teeb aims to draw all the evidence together and present it to policymakers, hoping it can persuade governments to invest in nature protection just as the Stern Review made the economic case for tackling climate change.
"We show that the failure of markets to adequately consider the value of ecosystem services is of concern not only to environment, development and climate change ministries but also to finance, economics and business ministries," says the report.
BBC Green Room logo

"Evidence presented here shows pro-conservation choices to be a matter of economic common sense in the vast majority of cases."
Some governments are on board already: Germany - which initiated the project in 2007 - Norway, and the UK.
"This report really highlights the need to understand the part nature plays in sustaining our economy as we go into the International Year of Biodiversity," said UK Environment Secretary Hilary Benn.
"By showing how we can place an economic value on biodiversity, it will help us to do the right thing nationally and internationally - not just to respond to the growing crisis of biodiversity loss, but also to deal with climate change."
At next month's UN climate summit in Copenhagen, governments are likely to finalise a process for financing forest protection as a cheap way of curbing carbon emissions.
Teeb's conclusions give economic backing to calls from conservation and indigenous peoples' groups for this process - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) - to encourage ecologically sound forest management, rather than simply aiming to absorb carbon dioxide.
Richard.Black-INTERNET@...






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#3505 From: "Saar" <herman.saar@...>
Date: Fri Nov 13, 2009 2:33 am
Subject: Bio-kerosene flight to make European debut
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KLM Royal Dutch Airlines will send off Europe's first demonstration passenger flight fuelled by bio-kerosene on November 23.

KLM will operate a flight using Boeing 747equipment with a select group of passengers. One of the aircraftengines will be running on a fuel mixture made up of 50 percent biofueland 50 percent traditional kerosene.

"This is an important step on the road to completely sustainableaviation," said Peter Hartman, KLM president and chief executive.

He urged support from the business community, government and society to further stimulate the development of alternative fuels.

Along with Air France, KLM has been pioneering sustainabledevelopment in the airline industry. For instance this year, AirFrance-KLM topped the Dow Jones Sustainability Index for the fifth consecutive time. The European airline holding company is listed on the Euronext.

The Dutch wing of the Worldwide Fund for Nature also voted KLM its Business Partner of the year for 2009.



-   Katrice R. Jalbuena

Bio-kerosene flight to make European debut  


#3504 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Fri Nov 13, 2009 1:41 am
Subject: Boreal forests need help: Canada study; 6 Asia governors back REDD+
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1.  http://planetark.org/enviro-news/item/55470

Boreal Forests Store Carbon, Need Help: Canada Study

Date: 13-Nov-09
Country: CANADA
Author: David Ljunggren

Boreal Forests Store Carbon, Need Help: Canada Study Photo: Andy Clark/Files
The Alaska Highway is surrounded by boreal forest running north towards Whitehorse, Yukon in this file photo taken June 21, 2007.
Photo: Andy Clark/Files

OTTAWA - The world needs to do more to protect boreal forests and peatlands, which store more carbon than any other ecosystem and help mitigate the effects of climate change, a Canadian report issued Thursday said.
Boreal forests, found in northern areas like Canada, Russia, Scandinavia and parts of the United States, cover 11 percent of the earth and store 22 percent of all carbon on the land surface in soil, permafrost, peatlands and wetlands.
"Action is needed to conserve a region that contains 'The carbon the world forgot'," said the 36-page report from the Canadian Boreal Initiative, an environmental group (here).
The report said the 208.1 billion tonnes of carbon estimated to be stored by Canada's boreal forest and peatland was equivalent to 26 years worth of the world's 2006 carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.
It's not clear if the Canadian government, which walked away from the Kyoto Protocol climate pact, might use the report as a possible way to win concessions in international talks on curbing greenhouse gas emission.
Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said earlier this month that climate talks in Copenhagen next month should take account the role of the ability of Russia's forests to absorb carbon dioxide when setting climate change targets.
The Canadian report said boreal forests and peatland had a net cooling effect on the climate because they can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it underground.
But these gases are released when the forests are logged or soils are disturbed, accelerating global warming, it said.
The report complained that the Kyoto climate pact focused almost exclusively on tropical forests, offered no incentives for forest conservation and excluded peatlands.
"Because the boreal forest is the largest terrestrial carbon storehouse on earth, keeping the boreal carbon reservoir in place is essential to avoid accelerating climate change."
The United Nations hopes a major climate meeting in Copenhagen in December will lead to a broader framework to expand or replace Kyoto, whose first phase ends in 2012.
"Any effective and affordable response to climate change should include preserving the world's remaining, carbon-rich old-growth forests," said Steve Kallick, of the Pew Environment Group's International Boreal Conservation Campaign.
This would require drastic cuts in industrial emissions and a vast increase in the area designated off limits to the kinds of industrial disturbances likely to release more carbon into the atmosphere, the report said.
(Editing by Janet Guttsman)
© Thomson Reuters 2009 All rights reserved


2.  http://planetark.org/enviro-news/item/55467

Asia Governors Endorse U.N. Forest Carbon Scheme

Date: 13-Nov-09
Country: SINGAPORE
Author: David Fogarty, Climate Change Correspondent, Asia

Asia Governors Endorse U.N. Forest Carbon Scheme Photo: Beawiharta
A fisherman rows his boat on a peatland river in the Kerumutan protected forest near Teluk Meranti village in Pelalawan, Indonesia's Riau province, November 11, 2009.
Photo: Beawiharta

SINGAPORE - Six provincial governors from Indonesia, Laos and the Philippines on Thursday backed an expanded U.N. scheme aimed at protecting and conserving forests in return for carbon credits.
In a joint statement after a meeting on the sidelines of an annual gathering of Asia-Pacific leaders, the governors said the scheme, called REDD+, held the promise of boosting livelihoods for local communities, a key step in curbing deforestation.
But fair distribution of wealth was key.
"People in the cities have better education, they are richer but actually they produce carbon poison," said Abang Tambul Hussin, regent of Kapuas Hulu in Indonesia's West Kalimantan province.
"The communities in the forest area have to be more prosperous," he told the meeting, convened by the Asian Development Bank and ecosystems service firm Carbon Conservation.
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) aims to reward developing countries for saving their forests in return for carbon offsets that they can sell to rich nations.
The United Nations hopes REDD will be part of a broader global climate pact from 2013, ushering in a potentially multi-billion dollar boost to the global carbon market.
REDD+ expands the idea to protection, restoration and sustainable management of forests.
The governors said that the REDD+ "approach offers tremendous promise in creating a new set of incentives for the preservation and sustainable management of forests," and urged world leaders to push the concept at U.N. climate talks in Copenhagen next month.
FIRES, ILLEGAL LOGGING
Four of the governors were from Indonesia, including Central and West Kalimantan on Borneo island, South Sumatra and West Papua. Attapeu province in Laos and Albay province in the Philippines also endorsed the scheme, with some of the provinces already starting pilot REDD+ projects.
Indonesia is on the front line of effort to save the world's remaining tropical forests, with deforestation responsible for more than 10 percent of mankind's greenhouse gas emissions.
But the meeting also underscored the challenges facing the scheme that many rich nations support in the hope of offsetting some of their planet-warming emissions at home.
Ensuring the money from forest carbon credits flowed to local communities, awareness of the scheme on the ground, poverty, fighting illegal deforestation and curbing the expansion of palm oil estates were among the key issues facing REDD+, they said.
"It's very important for us that people know exactly that if they take care of the forest they can have also the money," Central Kalimantan Governor Agustin Teras Narang told Reuters.
"The challenge for us is to maintain our forests, especially dealing with fires, illegal logging," but added the threat from illegal logging had eased and that the province would cap palm oil plantation coverage.
"Maybe at the end of this month, about 900,000 hectares. Enough," he said. Central Kalimantan has lost about a third of its forest area and has Borneo's largest peat carbon store.
The governor of West Papua, Abraham Octavianus Atururi, said his province still had 85 percent forest cover but pointed to the region's poverty, population of under one million, limited infrastructure and problems in monitoring illegal land clearing.
(Editing by Ron Popeski)
© Thomson Reuters 2009 All rights reserved




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#3503 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Fri Nov 13, 2009 1:31 am
Subject: Food Summit To Make Little Headway In War On Hunger
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"Olivier De Schutter, the U.N.'s special reporter on food, said the text ignored the issue of speculation in commodity markets and the impact of biofuels on available arable land."


http://planetark.org/enviro-news/item/55457

Food Summit To Make Little Headway In War On Hunger

Date: 13-Nov-09
Country: ITALY
Author: Silvia Aloisi

Food Summit To Make Little Headway In War On Hunger Photo: Finbarr O'Reilly/Files
Children who have been abandoned or orphaned by war eat dinner at the Don Bosco center in Goma, eastern Congo, in this November 20, 2008 file photo.
Photo: Finbarr O'Reilly/Files

ROME - A U.N. world food summit next week is not likely to make more than token headway in the fight against hunger, with leaders merely pledging to boost aid to poor countries but setting no targets or deadlines for action.
With more than one billion people going hungry, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization had called the November 16-18 summit in Rome hoping to win a clear pledge by world leaders to spend $44 billion a year to help poor nations feed themselves.
But a final draft declaration seen by Reuters includes only a general commitment to pump more money into agricultural development, and makes no mention of a proposal to eliminate hunger by 2025.
"We commit to take action toward sustainably eradicating hunger at the earliest possible date," said the draft of the declaration, to be adopted on the first day of the Rome summit barring last-minute amendments.
Aid groups said the summit, which few if any G8 leaders are expected to attend, already looked like a missed opportunity.
"The declaration is just a rehash of old platitudes," said Francisco Sarmento, ActionAid's food rights coordinator.
Olivier De Schutter, the U.N.'s special reporter on food, said the text ignored the issue of speculation in commodity markets and the impact of biofuels on available arable land.
"I'm convinced that the question is not whether there may be a future significant increase in food prices, but when," he told a news conference in Brussels. "The risk is still there for another round of speculation to fuel food prices inflation."
France said the draft needed improving and vowed to push for firmer pledges on finance and agricultural market regulation.
Food shortages and malnutrition have risen up the political agenda since a spike in food prices last year sparked riots in around 60 countries and widespread hoarding. The food scare also prompted richer food importers like Saudi Arabia to snap up farmland in developing agricultural countries.
A G8 summit in July pledged $20 billion over three years to help farmers in poor nations, in a major policy shift away from emergency food rations and toward longer term strategies.
FAO had hoped to keep the momentum going and that leaders would commit to raising the percentage of official aid spent on agriculture to 17 percent -- back to the 1980 level -- from 5 percent now. That would amount to roughly $44 billion annually.
PRIVATE SECTOR IN FOCUS
As governments dither, some major food companies are investing in farming in poor countries to ensure the long-term viability of their own supplies and to keep a lid on costs.
Seeking to drum up private sector support, FAO brought together leading food and agribusiness companies, including Nestle, Unilever and Cargill, for a two-day meeting on Thursday.
"We are working every day to maximize capacity of our supply chain, to get high quality supplies at affordable prices," said Guido Barilla, head of the world's biggest pasta maker.
Since last year's record levels, the prices of staple commodities like rice, corn and wheat have fallen. But in developing countries they are still high and according to several experts further rises are all but inevitable.
The number of hungry people this year rose to 1.02 billion, more than at any other time, and up 100 million from 2008.
A child dies of malnutrition every six seconds. But the world produces enough food for everybody -- 2009 cereals crops are expected to be the second largest ever, after a record 2008.
"This scourge is not just a moral outrage and economic absurdity, but also represents a threat for our peace and security," FAO Director General Jacques Diouf said this week.
"Hungry people are a serious potential source of conflict and forced migration," Diouf, who is Senegalese, told reporters.
Previous food summits have been long on rhetoric and short on action. Past promises have gone largely unfulfilled.
In 2000, world leaders subscribed to the U.N. Millennium Development Goal of halving the number of hungry people by 2015, and next week's summit will reaffirm commitment to that target -- even though it is unlikely to be met anytime soon.
But Ertharin Cousin, the U.S. ambassador to the U.N. food agencies in Rome, said those writing off the summit were wrong.
"For the first time, instead of setting wishful goals, we acknowledge that there is a goal that exists and affirm a plan to reaching that existing goal," she told Reuters.
FAO has not released a list of participants, but even its most optimistic estimates indicate than less than one third of the 193 heads of state and government invited will attend.
Crucially, most G8 leaders or even top government officials will skip the summit, although there will be several heads of state from Latin America and Africa.
For a factbox on winners and losers in the war on hunger, please click on.
(Editing by Jon Hemming)
© Thomson Reuters 2009 All rights reserved




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#3502 From: Jim Roland <quailrecords@...>
Date: Fri Nov 13, 2009 1:20 am
Subject: Is Africa Selling Out Its Farmers?
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http://planetark.org/enviro-news/item/55456

Is Africa Selling Out Its Farmers?

Date: 13-Nov-09
Country: ETHIOPIA/SOUTH AFRICA
Author: Barry Malone and Ed Cropley

Is Africa Selling Out Its Farmers? Photo: Barry Malone
Ethiopian farmers Mandefro Tesfaye (L) and Maru Sisay walk in their wheat field in Abay, north of Addis Ababa, October 21, 2009.
Photo: Barry Malone

BAKO/JOHANNESBURG - For centuries, farmers like Berhanu Gudina have eked out a living in Ethiopia's central lowlands, tending tiny plots of maize, wheat or barley amid the vastness of the lush green plains.
Now, they find themselves working cheek by jowl with high-tech commercial farms stretching over thousands of hectares tilled by state-of-the-art tractors -- and owned and operated by foreigners.
With memories of Ethiopia's devastating 1984 famine still fresh in the minds of its leaders, the government has been enticing well-heeled foreigners to invest in the nation's underperforming agriculture sector. It is part of an economic development push they say will help the Horn of Africa nation ensure it has enough food for its 80 million people.
Many small Ethopian farmers do not share their leaders' enthusiasm for the policy, eyeing the outsiders with a suspicion that has crept across Africa as millions of hectares have been placed, with varying degrees of transparency, in foreign hands.
"Now we see Indians coming, Chinese coming. Before, we were just Ethiopian," 54-year-old Gudina said in Bako, a small farming town 280 km (170 miles) west of Addis Ababa. "What do they want here? The same as the British in Kenya? To steal everything? Our government is selling our country to the Asians so they can make money for themselves."
Xenophobia aside, a number of organizations -- including the foundation started by Microsoft billionaire Bill Gates -- argue that Africa should support its own farmers.
"Instead of African countries giving away their best lands, they should invest in their own farmers," said Akin Adesina, vice president of the Nairobi-based Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA). "What's needed is a small-holder, farmer-based revolution. African land should not be up for garage sale."
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Both sides of the debate agree on this much: a stark reality -- underlined by last year's food price crisis -- looms large over Ethiopia and beyond. The world is in danger of running out of food.
By 2050, when its population is likely to be more than 9 billion, up from 6 billion now, the world's food production needs to increase by 70 percent, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
In Africa, which for a variety of reasons was bypassed by the Green Revolution that transformed India and China in the 1960s and 1970s, the numbers are even more bleak. The continent's population is set to double from 1 billion now.
In all, the FAO says, feeding those extra mouths is going to take $83 billion in investment every year for the next four decades, increasing both the amount of cultivated land and how much it produces. The estimated investment for Africa alone is $11 billion a year.
For deeply impoverished Ethiopia, sub-Saharan Africa's second-most populous nation after Nigeria, even a fraction of those sums is unthinkable.
Yet with 111 million hectares -- nearly twice the area of Texas -- within its borders, the answer, in the government's eyes, is simple: Lease 'spare' land to wealthy outsiders to get them to grow the food. One unfortunate consequence of that thinking is Gudina and his little plot of maize are painted as part of the problem, rather than a potential solution.
"The small-scale farmers are not producing the quality they should, because they don't have the technology," said Esayas Kebede, head of the Agricultural Investment Agency, a body founded only in February but already talking about offering foreign farmers 3 million hectares in the next two years.
"There are 12 million households in Ethiopia. We can't afford to give new technology to all of them," he said, sitting in an office adorned with maps showing possible sites for commercial farms.
Indian agro-conglomerate Karuturi Global, whose involvement in Ethiopia so far has been exporting cut-flowers to Europe, has taken the hint, branching out into food production with a sprawling maize farm in Bako. Unlike with similar land deals elsewhere in Africa, the company insists crops will be exported only after demand is met in Ethiopia -- where 6.2 million people are said to be in need of emergency food aid because of poor seasonal rains.
"Our main aim is to feed the Ethiopian people," Karuturi's Ethiopia general manager, Hanumatha Rao, told Reuters, sitting under an awning at the Bako farm as hundreds of laborers harvested maize in the fields stretching up nearby hillsides. "Whatever we produce will go to the stomachs of the Ethiopian people before it goes to the international market."
ANOTHER AFRICAN REVOLUTION
While many governments have been busy courting foreigners, in most cases from Asia or the Middle East, to increase Africa's food output, small farmers like Gudina are not totally without friends.
An initiative backed by the Melinda and Bill Gates and Rockefeller foundations is aiming to kick-start an African Green Revolution, carefully avoiding the pitfalls that had engulfed previous such attempts.
In particular, Africa boasts a dazzling array of soil types, climates and crops that have defied the one-size-fits-all solution of better seed, fertilizer and irrigation that worked in Asia half a century ago.
Its perennial tendency to corruption and official incompetence has also played its part in keeping average grain yields on the continent at just 1.2 tons per hectare, compared with 3.5 tons in Europe and 5.5 tons in the United States.
AGRA's Adesina says sub-Saharan governments are slowly realizing the importance of small farmers, who account for 70 percent of the region's population and 60 percent of its agricultural output. But he urges governments to make good on a pledge six years ago to raise farm spending to 10 percent of their national budgets.
For its part, AGRA is pouring money into research institutes from Burkina Faso in the west to Tanzania in the east to breed higher yielding and more drought- and pest-resistant strains of everything from maize and cassava to sorghum and sweet potato. Keywords: FOOD/AFRICA
"We've been studying African agriculture for several decades and the message we keep getting back from farmers is: 'It's the seeds, stupid,'" said Joseph DeVries, director of AGRA's seed improvement division. "What you're planting is what you're harvesting."
As yet, the work -- carefully packaged as "Africans working for an African solution" -- involves only conventional breeding techniques, such as cross-pollination and hybridization, as genetically modified seeds remain prohibitively expensive for farmers subsisting on one or two dollars a day.
However, AGRA does not rule out a future role for GM food crops, a stance that has stoked fears it will inadvertently pave the way for U.S. seed companies into the continent beyond South Africa, the only country that allows widespread commercial use. It also accepts a need for chemical soil additives -- a source of concern to environmentalists -- although it stresses the importance of "judicious and efficient use of fertilizer and more intensive use of organic matter."
After 10 years of research, DeVries said, AGRA has developed, among other things, a cassava variety with double its previous yield and a hybrid sorghum strain that is producing 3 to 3.5 tons per hectare, compared with 1 ton before. It is also giving grants to rural shop-keepers to try to create seed distribution networks in countries that remain too small or inaccessible to attract interest from established commercial suppliers.
"There's huge demand for these new varieties, but there's just not nearly enough investment. It's logistics, and it's also capital," DeVries said.
CASH FOR CROPS
As ever in Africa, money -- or, rather, a lack of it -- is a major problem. According to AGRA's Adesina, only 1 percent of private capital on the continent is made available to farming, due to banks' concerns about loan collateral and a reluctance to deal with farmers who in many cases are barely literate.
However, the Green Revolution push has begun to attract some serious financial players.
With AGRA providing $10 million in loan guarantees, South Africa's Standard Bank, the continent's biggest bank, has earmarked $100 million over three years for small farmers in Ghana, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda. The pilot scheme suggests the bank is buying an argument slowly gaining traction: That Africa, a continent more renowned for war, famine and disasters, could and should evolve into the breadbasket of the world.
With less than 25 percent of Africa's potential arable land under cultivation, according to many estimates, and its current levels of yield at rock-bottom, it is a compelling, if distant, vision.
"The first step is improving the efficiency of small farmers in Africa," said Jacques Taylor, head of Standard Bank's agricultural banking arm in Johannesburg, seat of the gold on which most of South Africa's wealth has so far been based. "Can we get them to increase their yields from just over 1 ton to 3 tons to 5 tons? That's possible. It's not a dream. It's a reality."
LAND-GRABS AND GM'S TROJAN HORSE?
Even though Standard Bank says it is keen to expand the funding, if all goes well, there is a very long way to go before such financing makes a dent in the $11 billion the FAO says has to be invested in Africa each year.
"Do we need more of this? For sure. $100 million is really a drop in the ocean when you look at the funding needs," Taylor said. "But we'd like to think this is a step in the right direction."
As such, it seems inevitable Africa will have to adopt a dual-track approach to its looming food crisis -- rolling out the red carpet for more Karuturis, but also making life easier for Berhanu Gudina and his colleagues in central Ethiopia.
While it is hard to fault the thinking behind either strategy, critics of both abound.
Across the continent, foreign deals have been condemned as "land-grabs" negotiated between barely accountable administrations and outside companies or governments who care little about poverty or development.
In one notable case, in Madagascar, a little-reported million-hectare deal with South Korean conglomerate Daewoo contributed heavily to a successful popular uprising in March against President Marc Ravalomanana.
Elsewhere, from Sudan and its numerous Gulf farmer-investors, to Republic of Congo and a group of white South African commercial farmers, to Ethiopia and its Indians, land has become a hot political potato.
The prevailing view outside governments is that the little guys are being forced to make way for the mega-deal.
"It cannot just descend on them from the sky. It has to be done in consultation with the people who occupy the land," Ethiopian opposition leader Bulcha Demeksa told Reuters. "But the government is not doing that. It is just going ahead and signing agreement after agreement with the foreigners."
Similarly, AGRA's detractors look to unintended consequences of India's Green Revolution -- particularly the environmental damage caused by widespread fertilizer use and drying up of water tables -- to argue Africa should look before it leaps.
Furthermore, says Mariam Myatt of the Johannesburg-based African Center for Biosafety, if India's experience is anything to go by, a Green Revolution would leave Africa's farmers as dependent on banks and seed and fertilizer companies as they are now on seasonal rains.
"The Green Revolution, under the guise of solving hunger in Africa, is nothing more than a push for a parasitic corporate-controlled chemical system of agriculture," she said.
With Bill Gates also pumping funding into biotech research at bodies such as the African Agriculture Technology Foundation, Myatt said, AGRA might end up as the unwitting Trojan horse that eases GM crops -- and Western corporate interests -- into Africa.
"It will go a long way toward laying the groundwork for the entry of private fertilizer and agrochemical companies and seed companies and, more particularly, GM seed companies."
(Editing by Jim Impoco and Walter Bagley)
© Thomson Reuters 2009 All rights reserved





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#3501 From: Andrew Boswell <andrewboswell@...>
Date: Wed Nov 11, 2009 11:34 am
Subject: UK CCC chair - curbs on aviation be be necessary given biofuel demand for food growing land.
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Adair Turner, chair of UK Committee on Climate Change says curbs on aviation be be necessary given biofuel demand for food growing land. (Towards bottom of article)
 

Green home makeover will cost up to £15,000, says climate watchdog chief

Lord Turner said 'more of a whole house approach' is required if carbon emission targets are to be met. Photograph: Rex Features

The head of Britain's climate change watchdog predicted today that households will need to spend up to £15,000 on a full energy efficiency makeover if the government is to meet its ambitious targets for cutting carbon emissions.

Warning that Britain needs to step up its efforts to reduce greenhouse gases after picking all the "low-hanging fruit", Adair Turner said radical steps would be needed for electricity generation, cars and homes.

Amid growing concern that next month's Copenhagen climate change summit could end in bitter failure, the chairman of the government's climate change commission warned against using the drop in emissions caused by the longest recession since the 1930s as an excuse to relax in the fight against climate change.

The government has pledged to cut carbon emissions by 34% from their 1990 levels by 2020 but slipped off course during the economic boom earlier this decade. "When we get the figures for 2008-09 we may look to be on target, but only because we have had a thumping recession," Lord Turner said.

"There is a danger of the government saying "look, we are back on target". We will be back on target for the worst possible reason."

Turner said that the UK had made "pretty rapid progress" on cutting emissions during the "dash for gas" in the 1990s, but had not maintained the progress during this decade. Tough decisions were now needed because there were limits to improvements to the internal combustion engine and Britain was running out of "easy things" to do in the home.

"After home insulation and more efficient boilers, we now need more intrusive things – double glazing, cavity wall insulation, solid wall insulation."

He added: "We need much more of a whole house approach – one-stop shops where people can get a total report on what they need to do to their homes. It may be expensive – between £10,000 and £15,000."

The CCC believes that the cost of the scheme would be paid for by a combination of government subsidy and higher electricity bills.

Turner said there was a case for greater state intervention in helping to reduce carbon emissions from the motor industry. Arguing that there were "limits" to what markets could achieve, the CCC chairman said: "We need support for the initial wave of electric cars."

The government has allocated £250m to hasten the arrival of electric cars but Turner said the CCC would like to see £800m of public money spent on setting up a network of charging points. "It's chicken and egg. Motorists won't buy the cars unless there are enough charging points; the government is reluctant to put in the charging points while there are no electric cars."

Ministers have accepted the CCC's recommendation that carbon emissions should be reduced by 80% from their 1990 levels by 2050, and the first three carbon budgets covering the period up to the early 2020s were made legally binding earlier this year. Turner said his organisation was now working on a tough fourth budget.

"The 2020s will have to see the radical decarbonisation of electricity, " he said. "That means more renewables, a significant expansion of nuclear or carbon capture and storage plants."

He warned ministers that they would need to contemplate curbs on the expansion of air travel unless there was a way of increasing the supply of biofuels without affecting the ability of countries to feed growing populations. The government has pledged that emissions from aviation will not be above 2005 levels in 2050 and the CCC will provide a range of options for aviation in a report next month.

Turner said experts should look at the possibility of using a financial services transaction tax to help poor countries develop low-carbon growth strategies. "Any tax would have to be agreed at the global level because it would be difficult to enforce in one country. That's why people have tended to think that the proceeds should be used for global common goods, such as the environment."

Power stations that do not have carbon capture and storage will be taken out of commission, Turner said.


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