http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=2312

Scientists Discover New Radiation Belt at Saturn
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
September 14, 2009

Scientists using the Cassini spacecraft's Magnetospheric Imaging
instrument have detected a new, temporary radiation belt at Saturn,
located around the orbit of its moon Dione at about 377,000 kilometers
(234,000 miles) from the center of the planet.

The new belt, which has been named "the Dione belt," was detected by the
instrument for only a few weeks on three separate occasions in 2005.
Scientists believe that newly formed charged particles in the Dione belt
were gradually absorbed by Dione itself and another nearby moon, named
Tethys, which lies slightly closer to Saturn at an orbit of 295,000
kilometers (183,304 miles).

The discovery was presented at the European Planetary Science Congress
in Potsdam, Germany on September 14.

For more information about NASA's Cassini mission please visit:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov

Cassini Significant Events
for 09/09/09 - 09/15/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired on Sept. 15 from
the Deep Space Network tracking complex at Goldstone, California.
The Cassini spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and all
subsystems are operating normally. Information on the present
position and speed of the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the
"Present Position" page at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm.

Wednesday, Sept. 9 (DOY 252):

The Spacecraft Operations Office (SCO) held an engineering activities
review for the S59 sequence.

This week Imaging Science (ISS) took data for a lit face, high phase
movie in search of ring spokes, and a mosaic of Iapetus. The Visual
and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed the rings at phase
angles of 110-130 degrees in an attempt to obtain spoke measurements,
and ISS, the Composite Infrared Spectrometer, and the Ultraviolet
Imaging Spectrograph performed several observations in the Titan
monitoring campaign.

Next week, when the Superior Conjunction separation angle reaches two
degrees, the spacecraft will remain on Earth point for five days
until Sept. 19.  As was mentioned in a previous report, Radio Science
will be conducting a daily conjunction experiment from Sept. 6
through the entire conjunction period, ending on Oct. 2.  During this
time, the suite of Magnetospheric and Plasma Science instruments will
be gathering as much science data as possible.

Thursday, Sept. 10 (DOY 253):

At the Mission Planning Forum today the team discussed a DSN station
allocation straw man plan for the proposed Extended Extended Mission,
covering what is contained in the plan and when that information will
be propagated to the Cassini Information Management System.  The
second topic dealt with implementation of the Y-thruster biasing
activities scheduled to begin with sequence S60.

Friday, Sept. 11 (DOY 254):

The Spacecraft and Uplink Operations teams sent commands to the
spacecraft today to update onboard telemetry (TLM) modes for the
Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) and Cosmic Dust Analyzer
instruments.  Due to extensive and successful ground testing, it was
decided not to perform a special TLM mode cycling test onboard the
spacecraft.  The TLM mode change at the end of today's track provided
the first indication that the update was successful.

Today marked the official start of Superior Conjunction.  During this
time the angle between the sun and the spacecraft as seen from Earth
gradually decreases until Sept. 17 when it will reach minimum
separation  just under two degrees this year.  After the 17th, the
angle begins to increase again with the conjunction period ending on
Sept. 22 when separation reaches four degrees and rising.  As is
performed every year, beginning on Sept 15 and for the next 5 days,
SCO will send a series of "empty" commands to the spacecraft to
characterize interference from the Sun during conjunction.
With the expectation that this interference will be prohibitive to
real time commanding, a command moratorium - except in case of
emergency - has been declared for Sept. 15-19.  Also with the
expectation that a command loss timer (CLT) update would be unable to
be received by the spacecraft, changes were put into the background
sequence to update the onboard CLT value to 9 days on Sept. 12. This
value will drop approximately one day per day until Sept. 20 when the
timer is returned to the nominal 90-hour value.

Monday, Sept. 14 (DOY 257):

Scientists using the Cassini spacecraft's Magnetospheric Imaging
instrument have detected a new, temporary radiation belt at Saturn,
located around the orbit of its moon Dione at about 377,000
kilometers from the center of the planet.  The instrument detected
the new belt, which has been named "the Dione belt," for only a few
weeks on three separate occasions in 2005. Scientists believe that
newly formed charged particles in the Dione belt were gradually
absorbed by Dione itself and another nearby moon, Tethys, which lies
slightly closer to Saturn at an orbit of 295,000 kilometers.  The
discovery was presented at the European Planetary Science Congress in
Potsdam, Germany on Sept. 14.
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20090914/

Tuesday, Sept. 15 (DOY 258):

Saturn's Turbulent 'Storm Alley' Sets Another Record.<br>
The longest continuously observed thunderstorm in the solar system
has been roiling Saturn¬¼s atmosphere since mid-January and is still
churning now, according to a presentation by a Cassini team scientist
at the European Planetary Science Congress in Potsdam, Germany.  For
the complete story and images go to:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20090915/

Sept. 21, 2009

Dwayne C. Brown
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1726
dwayne.c.brown@...

Jia-Rui C. Cook
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0850
jia-rui.c.cook@...

RELEASE: 09-217

CASSINI REVEALS NEW RING QUIRKS, SHADOWS DURING SATURN EQUINOX

PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA scientists are marveling over the extent of
ruffles and dust clouds revealed in the rings of Saturn during the
planet's equinox last month. Scientists once thought the rings were
almost completely flat, but new images reveal the heights of some
newly discovered bumps in the rings are as high as the Rocky
Mountains. NASA released the images Monday.

"It's like putting on 3-D glasses and seeing the third dimension for
the first time," said Bob Pappalardo, Cassini project scientist at
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "This is among
the most important events Cassini has shown us."

On Aug. 11, sunlight hit Saturn's rings exactly edge-on, performing a
celestial magic trick that made them all but disappear. The spectacle
occurs twice during each orbit Saturn makes around the sun, which
takes approximately 10,759 Earth days, or about 29.7 Earth years.
Earth experiences a similar equinox phenomenon twice a year; the
autumnal equinox will occur Sept. 22, when the sun will shine
directly over Earth's equator.

For about a week, scientists used the Cassini orbiter to look at puffy
parts of Saturn's rings caught in white glare from the low-angle
lighting. Scientists have known about vertical clumps sticking out of
the rings in a handful of places, but they could not directly measure
the height and breadth of the undulations and ridges until Saturn's
equinox revealed their shadows.

"The biggest surprise was to see so many places of vertical relief
above and below the otherwise paper-thin rings," said Linda Spilker,
deputy project scientist at JPL. "To understand what we are seeing
will take more time, but the images and data will help develop a more
complete understanding of how old the rings might be and how they are
evolving."

The chunks of ice that make up the main rings spread out 85,000 miles
from the center of Saturn, but they had been thought to be only
around 30 feet thick in the main rings, known as A, B, C, and D.

In the new images, particles seemed to pile up in vertical formations
in each of the rings. Rippling corrugations -- previously seen by
Cassini to extend approximately 500 miles in the innermost D ring --
appear to undulate out to a total of 11,000 miles through the
neighboring C ring to the B ring.

The heights of some of the newly discovered bumps are comparable to
the elevations of the Rocky Mountains. One ridge of icy ring
particles, whipped up by the gravitational pull of Saturn's moon
Daphnis as it travels through the plane of the rings, looms as high
as 2.5 miles. It is the tallest vertical wall seen within the rings.

"We thought the plane of the rings was no taller than two stories of a
modern-day building and instead we've come across walls more than two
miles high," said Carolyn Porco, Cassini imaging team leader at the
Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo. "Isn't that the most
outrageous thing you could imagine? It truly is like something out of
science fiction."

Scientists also were intrigued by bright streaks in two different
rings that appear to be clouds of dust kicked up in collisions
between small space debris and ring particles. Understanding the rate
and locations of impacts will help build better models of
contamination and erosion in the rings and refine estimates of their
age. The collision clouds were easier to see under the low-lighting
conditions of equinox than under normal lighting conditions.

At the same time Cassini was snapping visible-light photographs of
Saturn's rings, the Composite Infrared Spectrometer instrument was
taking the rings' temperatures. During equinox, the rings cooled to
the lowest temperature ever recorded. The A ring dropped down to a
frosty 382 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Studying ring temperatures
at equinox will help scientists better understand the sizes and other
characteristics of the ring particles.

The Cassini spacecraft has been observing Saturn, its moons and rings
since it entered the planet's orbit in 2004. The spacecraft's
instruments have discovered new rings and moons and have improved our
understanding of Saturn's ring system.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA and the
European and Italian Space Agencies. JPL manages the mission for the
Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. JPL
also designed, developed and assembled the Cassini orbiter and its
two onboard cameras. The imaging team is based at the Space Science
Institute. The Composite Infrared Spectrometer team is based at
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.

To view Cassini images of the equinox and for more information about
the mission, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini

NASA Television's Video File also will air the images. For downlink,
scheduling information and streaming video, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/ntv

-end-

Welcome to the Space Calendar!

This Space Calendar covers space-related activities and anniversaries
for the upcoming year.  It is also available on the web at:

      http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/calendar/

The web version of the Space Calendar includes over 1,700 links to related
home pages.

This calendar is compiled and maintained by Ron Baalke.  Please send any
updates or corrections to ron@....  Note that launch dates
are subject to change at any time.  Also, note that anniversary dates are
listed in 5 year increments only.

The following people have contributed to this month's calendar:

o Dieter Kaemmer, Vicky Barlow


                           =========================
                                SPACE CALENDAR
                              September 25, 2009
                           =========================

* indicates changes from last month's calendar.

September 2009
* Sep 25 - Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS) 1 & 2 Delta 2 Launch
   Sep 25 - Cosmos-Glonass M21,M22 & M23 Proton M-DM2 Launch
   Sep 25 - DMSP F-18 Atlas 5 Launch
   Sep 25 - Comet C/2008 N1 (Holmes) Perihelion (2.784 AU)
   Sep 25 - Asteroid 2005 CN Near-Earth Flyby (0.052 AU)
   Sep 25 - Asteroid 2005 SP9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Sep 25 - Asteroid 6154 Stevesynnott Closest Approach To Earth (1.280 AU)
   Sep 25 - Asteroid 6377 Cagney Closest Approach To Earth (1.870 AU)
   Sep 26 - Asteroid 6687 Lahulla Occults HIP 28734 (4.2 Magnitude Star)
   Sep 26 - Asteroid 2000 WC67 Near-Mars Flyby (0.012 AU)
* Sep 27 - Asteroid 2009 SV19 Near-Earth Flyby (0.039 AU)
* Sep 28 - Asteroid 2009 SJ18 Near-Earth Flyby (0.060 AU)
   Sep 28 - Asteroid 2009 FS32 Near-Earth Flyby (0.089 AU)
* Sep 29 - MESSENGER, 3rd Mercury Flyby
   Sep 29 - Amazonas 2/Satcom Bw-2A Ariane 5 Launch
   Sep 29 - Asteroid 152664 (1998 FW4) Near-Earth Flyby (0.022 AU)
* Sep 29 - Asteroid 2009 RH Near-Earth Flyby (0.034 AU)
* Sep 29 - Asteroid 2009 HD21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Sep 29 - 5th Anniversary (2004), SpaceShipOne Launch F-2 (2nd Private Manned
Space Flight)
* Sep 30 - Soyuz TMA-16 Soyuz FG Launch (International Space Station 20S)
* Sep 30 - Comet C/2009 O3 (Hill) Closest Approach To Earth (1.771 AU)
   Sep 30 - Asteroid 89 Julia At Opposition (9.3 Magnitude)
* Sep 30 - Asteroid 2009 SH2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.007 AU)
* Sep 30 - Asteroid 2009 SN1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.039 AU)

October 2009
   Oct ?? - Inaugural Falcon 9 Test Launch
   Oct ?? - Intelsat 15 Zenit 3SLB Launch
   Oct ?? - Shi Jian 9 CZ-2D2 Launch (China)
   Oct 01 - Asteroid 2006 BT7 Near-Vesta Flyby (0.012 AU)
   Oct 01 - Asteroid 21459 Chrisrussell Closest Approach To Earth (1.206 AU)
   Oct 03 - Karl Hermann Struve's 155th Birthday (1854)
   Oct 04 - Asteroid 21564 Widmanstatten Closest Approach To Earth (1.530 AU)
   Oct 04 - 5th Anniversary (2004), SpaceShipOne Launch F-3 (3rd Private Manned
Space Flight)
   Oct 04 - 50th Anniversary (1959), Luna 3 Launch (USSR Moon Flyby Mission)
   Oct 04 - 50th Anniversary (1959), Little Joe 1 Launch
   Oct 04-10 - World Space Week
   Oct 06 - Worldview 2 Delta 2 Launch
* Oct 06 - Asteroid 2009 QZ34 Near-Earth Flyby (0.066 AU)
* Oct 06 - Asteroid 2009 QL8 Near-Earth Flyby (0.081 AU)
   Oct 06 - Asteroid 8721 AMOS Closest Approach To Earth (2.787 AU)
   Oct 06 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Cassini, 1st Targeted Titan Flyby
   Oct 07 - Comet C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) Perihelion (2.252 AU)
* Oct 07 - Asteroid 433 Eros Occults 2UCAC 33322973 (13.4 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 08 - Comet P/2008 O2 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (2.861 AU)
   Oct 08 - Asteroid 68216 (2001 CV26) Near-Earth Flyby (0.025 AU)
   Oct 08 - Asteroid 4969 Lawrence Closest Approach To Earth (1.110 AU)
   Oct 08 - 405th Anniversary (1604), Discovery of Supernova 1604 (Kepler's Nova)
   Oct 09 - LCROSS Impacts Moon
   Oct 09 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #217 (OTM-217)
   Oct 09 - Draconids Meteor Shower Peak
   Oct 09 - Comet 127P/Holt-Olmstead Closest Approach To Earth (1.199 AU)
   Oct 09 - Asteroid 18 Melpomene At Opposition (7.9 Magnitude)
* Oct 09 - Asteroid 2167 Erin Occults HIP 5081 (5.6 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 09 - Asteroid 5261 Eureka Closest Approach To Earth (0.559 AU)
   Oct 09 - Asteroid 2224 Tucson Closest Approach To Earth (1.855 AU)
   Oct 09 - Asteroid 416 Vaticana Closest Approach To Earth (2.052 AU)
* Oct 10 - Asteroid 3995 Sakaino Occults HIP 6537 (3.6 Magnitude Star)
* Oct 10 - Asteroid 4930 Rephiltim Occults HIP 17856 (6.6 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 10 - Asteroid 2008 TF2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.057 AU)
   Oct 11 - Comet P/2006 F1 (Kowalski) Closest Approach To Earth (3.525 AU)
   Oct 11 - 15th Anniversary (1994), Magellan Burnup in Venus' Atmosphere
   Oct 12 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Oct 12 - Moon Occults Mars
* Oct 12 - Comet P/2009 S2 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (1.591 AU)
   Oct 12 - Asteroid 2955 Newburn Closest Approach To Earth (1.271 AU)
   Oct 12 - Comet 88P/Howell Perihelion (1.363 AU)
   Oct 12 - 45th Anniversary (1964), Voskhod 1 Launch
   Oct 13 - Cassini, Distant Rhea Flyby
* Oct 13 - Asteroid 2009 SW17 Near-Earth Flyby (0.057 AU)
   Oct 13 - Asteroid 40227 Tahiti Closest Approach To Earth (2.000 AU)
   Oct 13 - Asteroid 661 Hildebrand Closest Approach To Earth (2.485 AU)
   Oct 13 - 50th Anniversary (1959), Explorer 7 Launch
   Oct 14 - Intelsat 14 Atlas 5 Launch
   Oct 14 - Cassini, Distant Mimas & Tethys Flyby
   Oct 14 - Asteroid 3061 Cook Closest Approach To Earth (1.610 AU)
   Oct 14 - Dwarf Planet 136199 Eris Closest Approach To Earth (95.725 AU)
   Oct 15 - Progress M-3M Soyuz U Launch (International Space Station 35P)
   Oct 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #218 (OTM-218)
* Oct 15 - Comet P/2009 Q3 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (0.877 AU)
* Oct 15 - Asteroid 4 Vesta Occults TYC 1403-00881-1 (11.1 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 15 - Asteroid 2007 SV1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.052 AU)
   Oct 15 - Asteroid 2008 UB95 Near-Earth Flyby (0.080 AU)
   Oct 15 - Asteroid 12760 Maxwell Closest Approach To Earth (1.841 AU)
   Oct 15 - Kuiper Belt Object 15760 (1992 QB1) Closest Approach To Earth (40.078
AU)
   Oct 15 - Asaph Hall's 180th Birthday (1829)
* Oct 16 - Comet 224P/LINEAR-NEAT Closest Approach To Earth (1.188 AU)
   Oct 16 - Asteroid 5254 Ulysses Closest Approach To Earth (3.799 AU)
   Oct 17 - Asteroid 23990 Springsteen Closest Approach To Earth (1.075 AU)
   Oct 17 - Asteroid 2620 Santana Closest Approach To Earth (1.660 AU)
   Oct 17 - Asteroid 4446 Carolyn Closest Approach To Earth (2.614 AU)
   Oct 18 - GPS 2F F-1 Delta 4M Launch
   Oct 18 - 20th Anniversary (1989), Galileo Launch (Jupiter Orbiter)
   Oct 19 - Asteroid 1999 TM12 Near-Earth Flyby (0.094 AU)
   Oct 19 - Asteroid 9548 Fortran Closest Approach To Earth (1.077 AU)
   Oct 20 - NSS-12/Thor 6 Ariane 5ECA Launch
   Oct 20 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #219 (OTM-219)
* Oct 20 - Asteroid 139 Juewa Occults HIP 14232 (6.5 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 20 - Asteroid 2009 BD Near-Earth Flyby (0.044 AU)
   Oct 20 - Asteroid 159402 (1999 AP10) Near-Earth Flyby (0.076 AU)
   Oct 20 - Asteroid 2001 Einstein Closest Approach To Earth (1.175 AU)
   Oct 20 - Asteroid 99905 Jeffgrossman Closest Approach To Earth (2.205 AU)
   Oct 20 - Asteroid 588 Achilles Closest Approach To Earth (3.799 AU)
   Oct 21 - TanDEM-X Dnepr 1 Launch
   Oct 21 - Orionids Meteor Shower Peak
   Oct 21 - Comet 127P/Holt-Olmstead Perihelion (2.196 AU)
   Oct 21 - Asteroid 2906 Caltech Closest Approach To Earth (1.982 AU)
   Oct 21 - Asteroid 7392 Kowalski Closest Approach To Earth (2.098 AU)
   Oct 21 - Asteroid 12397 Peterbrown Closest Approach To Earth (2.440 AU)
   Oct 22 - SBSS-1 Minotaur 4 Launch
   Oct 22 - Comet Wilson-Harrington Perihelion (0.99 AU)
* Oct 22 - Asteroid 6958 (1988 TX1) Occults HIP 4906 (4.3 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 22 - Asteroid 25275 Jocelynbell Closest Approach To Earth (1.156 AU)
   Oct 22 - Asteroid 5553 Chodas Closest Approach To Earth (2.101 AU)
   Oct 23 - Asteroid 2003 EP4 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Oct 25 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Back 1 Hour (Europe)
   Oct 25 - Asteroid 8837 London Closest Approach To Earth (1.508 AU)
   Oct 26 - Asteroid 7495 Feynman Closest Approach To Earth (1.895 AU)
* Oct 27 - Ares I-X Test Flight
* Oct 27 - Asteroid 433 Eros Occults TYC 0546-01851-1 (9.6 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 2062 Aten Closest Approach To Earth (0.840 AU)
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 7536 Fahrenheit Closest Approach To Earth (1.920 AU)
   Oct 28 - Comet 157P/Tritton Closest Approach To Earth (0.975 AU)
* Oct 28 - Asteroid 1281 Jeanne Occults HIP 56775 (6.3 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 2008 EL68 Near-Earth Flyby (0.062 AU)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 2008 UC202 Near-Earth Flyby (0.076 AU)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 9618 Johncleese Closest Approach To Earth (1.145 AU)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 3420 Standish Closest Approach To Earth (2.305 AU)
   Oct 28 - 35th Anniverary (1974), Luna 23 Launch (USSR Moon Lander)
   Oct 29 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #220 (OTM-220)
   Oct 30 - Asteroid 25930 Spielberg Closest Approach To Earth (1.288 AU)
   Oct 30 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Discovery of the Los Angeles Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
* Oct 31 - Comet P/2009 S1 (Gibbs) Closest Approach To Earth (1.611 AU)

November 2009
   Nov ?? - Gonets D1 M2-M4 Rocket KM Launch
   Nov ?? - COMS 1 Ariane 5 Launch
   Nov ?? - Cosmos-Garpun N-1Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Nov ?? - HealthSat (G-Sat 4)/Tauvex GSLV Launch
* Nov ?? - Eutelsat W7 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Nov 01 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Back 1 Hour (United States)
* Nov 01 - Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS-3) F-3 Delta 4M Launch
* Nov 01 - Asteroid 20734 (1999 XA169) Occults HIP 9572 (5.9 Magnitude Star)
* Nov 01 - Asteroid 19774 (2000 OS51) Occults HIP 2213 (6.4 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 01 - 15th Anniversary (1994), Wind Launch
   Nov 02 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
   Nov 02 - SMOS/Proba 2 Rokot KM Launch
   Nov 02 - Asteroid 2006 JY26 Near-Earth Flyby (0.017 AU)
   Nov 02 - Asteroid 2000 VZ44 Near-Earth Flyby (0.070 AU)
   Nov 03 - Taurids Meteor Shower Peak
   Nov 03 - Asteroid 2874 Jim Young  Closest Approach To Earth (0.954 AU)
   Nov 03 - Asteroid 32096 Puckett Closest Approach To Earth (1.521 AU)
   Nov 03 - Asteroid 2069 Hubble Closest Approach To Earth (1.971 AU)
* Nov 04 - Asteroid 217807 (2000 XK44) Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Nov 05 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #221 (OTM-221)
   Nov 05 - Asteroid 17058 Rocknroll Closest Approach To Earth (1.470 AU)
   Nov 05 - Asteroid 7861 Messenger Closest Approach To Earth (1.562 AU)
   Nov 07 - Asteroid 2006 WV1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.078 AU)
   Nov 08 - Comet 14P/Wolf Closest Approach To Earth (2.217 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 2002 KM3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.078 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 3753 Cruithne Closest Approach To Earth (0.409 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 18725 Atacama Closest Approach To Earth (1.471 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 1677 Tycho Brahe Closest Approach To Earth (1.684 AU)
   Nov 09 - Asteroid 2007 JB21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.056 AU)
   Nov 09 - Asteroid 9249 Yen Closest Approach To Earth (1.448 AU)
   Nov 09 - Carl Sagan's 75th Birthday (1934)
   Nov 10 - Progress M-SO-2 Soyuz FG Launch (International Space Station 5R)
   Nov 10 - Comet 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson Closest Approach To Earth (2.262 AU)
   Nov 10 - Asteroid 2200 Pasadena Closest Approach To Earth (1.715 AU)
   Nov 11 - Rosetta, 3rd Earth Gravity Assist
   Nov 12 - STS-129 Launch, Space Shuttle Discovery (International Space Station)
   Nov 12 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #222 (OTM-222)
   Nov 12 - Audouin  Dollfus' 85th Birthday (1924)
   Nov 13 - Asteroid 11365 NASA Closest Approach To Earth (0.885 AU)
   Nov 13 - Asteroid 2410 Morrison Closest Approach To Earth (1.330 AU)
   Nov 14 - Lotus S N1 Soyuz U Launch
   Nov 14 - Comet C/2009 F2 (McNaught) Perihelion (5.875 AU)
   Nov 14 - Asteroid 9860 Archaeopteryx Closest Approach To Earth (2.249 AU)
   Nov 14 - 40th Anniversary (1969), Apollo 12 Launch (Manned Moon Mission)
   Nov 15 - Asteroid 2004 PZ19 Near-Ceres Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Nov 15 - 5th Anniversary (2004), SMART-1, Moon Orbit Insertion
   Nov 16 - Comet P/2004 EW38 (Catalina-LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (1.999
AU)
   Nov 16 - Comet P/2001 YX127 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (3.117 AU)
   Nov 16 - Comet C/2008 S3 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (7.734 AU)
   Nov 16 - Asteroid 7328 Casanova Closest Approach To Earth (1.452 AU)
   Nov 16 - Kuiper Belt Object 90377 Sedna Closest Approach To Earth (86.685 AU)
   Nov 17 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #223 (OTM-223)
   Nov 17 - Leonids Meteor Shower Peak
   Nov 17 - Asteroid 9950 ESA Closest Approach To Earth (0.944 AU)
   Nov 18 - Asteroid 202683 (2006 US216) Near-Earth Flyby (0.057 AU)
   Nov 18 - 20th Anniversary (1989), COBE Launch
   Nov 19 - Comet Wilson-Harrington Closest Approach To Earth (0.379 AU)
   Nov 19 - Asteroid 2246 Bowell Closest Approach To Earth (3.132 AU)
* Nov 20 - Comet C/2009 Q4 (Boattini) Perihelion (1.319 AU)
   Nov 20 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Swift Launch
   Nov 20 - Edwin Hubble's 120th Birthday (1889)
   Nov 21 - Cassini, Enceladus & Rhea Flyby
   Nov 21 - Asteroid 1815 Beethoven Closest Approach To Earth (1.769 AU)
   Nov 21 - Asteroid 3581 Alvarez Closest Approach To Earth (1.871 AU)
   Nov 21 - Asteroid 12002 Sues Closest Approach To Earth (2.099 AU)
   Nov 22 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #224 (OTM-224)
   Nov 22 - Comet C/2009 F1 (Larson) Closest Approach To Earth (1.673 AU)
   Nov 22 - Asteroid 1998 VF32 Near-Earth Flyby (0.043 AU
   Nov 23 - Asteroid 2004 XJ Near-Earth Flyby (0.090 AU)
   Nov 24 - Asteroid 4305 Clapton Closest Approach To Earth (1.911 AU)
   Nov 25 - Comet C/2007 VO53 (Spacewatch) Closest Approach To Earth (4.499 AU)
   Nov 25 - Asteroid 3353 Jarvis Closest Approach To Earth (1.000 AU)
   Nov 25 - Asteroid 67 Asia Closest Approach To Earth (1.597 AU)
   Nov 26 - Asteroid 149244 Kriegh Closest Approach To Earth (1.418 AU)
   Nov 26 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Galileo Io 25 Flyby
   Nov 26 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Discovery of SAU 005 & 008 (Mars Meteorites)
   Nov 27 - Comet P/2003 A1 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (1.691 AU)
   Nov 27 - Asteroid 2791 Paradise Closest Approach To Earth (1.517 AU)
   Nov 28 - Comet 54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT Perihelion (2.172 AU)
   Nov 28 - 45th Anniversary (1964), Mariner 4 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)
   Nov 29 - MESSENGER, Deep Space Maneuver 5 (DSM-5)
   Nov 29 - Asteroid 6469 Armstrong Closest Approach To Earth (1.417 AU)
   Nov 29 - Asteroid 5451 Plato Closest Approach To Earth (1.891 AU)
   Nov 30 - Comet 169P/NEAT Perihelion (0.608 AU)
   Nov 30 - Asteroid 2005 XC1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.077 AU)
   Nov 30 - 55th Anniversary (1954), Sylacauga Meteorite Fall (Hit Woman)

December 2009
   Dec ?? - Zohreh 1 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
   Dec ?? - TacSat 4 Minotaur 4 Launch
* Dec ?? - Ofeq 8 Shavit 2 Launch (Israel)
   Dec 01 - Asteroid 2006 WQ127 Near-Earth Flyby (0.037 AU)
   Dec 02 - Asteroid 9951 Tyrannosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.688 AU)
   Dec 02 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Pioneer 11, Jupiter Flyby
   Dec 03 - Kuiper Belt Object 19521 Chaos Closest Approach To Earth (40.745 AU)
   Dec 03 - 105th Anniversary (1904), Charles Perrine's Discovery of Himalia
(Jupiter Moon)
   Dec 04 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #225 (OTM-225)
   Dec 04 - Asteroid 3905 Doppler Closest Approach To Earth (0.978 AU)
   Dec 04 - Asteroid 31664 Randiiwessen Closest Approach To Earth (1.746 AU)
   Dec 04 - 50th Anniversary (1959), Little Joe 2 Launch (Monkey "Sam")
   Dec 05 - Comet 203P/Korlevic Closest Approach To Earth (2.217 AU)
   Dec 05 - Asteroid 3728 IRAS Closest Approach To Earth (1.252 AU)
   Dec 06 - Comet 137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2 Closest Approach To Earth (1.727 AU)
   Dec 06 - Comet 100P/Hartley Perihelion (1.982 AU)
   Dec 07 - Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Delta 2 Launch
   Dec 07 - Asteroid 2002 XN14 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Dec 07 - Asteroid 1198 Atlantis Closest Approach To Earth (1.192 AU)
   Dec 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 2004 XR190 Closest Approach To Earth (57.011 AU)
   Dec 08 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #226 (OTM-226)
   Dec 08 - Asteroid 2829 Bobhope Closest Approach To Earth (2.494 AU)
   Dec 09 - Cassini, Distant Helene Flyby
   Dec 09 - Comet P/2008 J3 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (2.138 AU)
   Dec 09 - Comet 200P/Larsen Closest Approach To Earth (3.103 AU)
   Dec 09 - Asteroid 19 Fortuna At Opposition (9.3 Magnitude)
   Dec 09 - Asteroid 2309 Mr. Spock Closest Approach To Earth (1.802 AU)
   Dec 10 - Helios 2 Ariane 5 Launch
   Dec 10 - Asteroid 9965 GNU Closest Approach To Earth (1.854 AU)
   Dec 10 - Asteroid 334 Chicago Closest Approach To Earth (2.987 AU)
   Dec 10 - 10th Anniversary (1999), X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton)
Launch
   Dec 10 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Claxton Meteorite Fall (Hit Mailbox)
   Dec 10 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Helios 1 Launch (Solar Orbiter)
   Dec 11 - Asteroid 3767 DiMaggio Closest Approach To Earth (1.805 AU)
   Dec 12 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
* Dec 12 - Comet P/2009 R2 (Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski) Closest Approach To Earth
(2.060 AU)
   Dec 13 - Geminids Meteor Shower Peak
   Dec 13 - Asteroid 9349 Lucas Closest Approach To Earth (1.421 AU)
   Dec 13 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Cassini, 2nd Titan Flyby
   Dec 13 - Sir William Hunter McCrea's 105th Birthday (1904)
   Dec 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #227 (OTM-227)
   Dec 15 - Comet 220P/McNaught Perihelion (1.549 AU)
   Dec 15 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Vega 1 Launch (Soviet Venus/Comet Halley
Mission)
   Dec 16 - 15th Anniversary (1994), Discovery of QUE 94201 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Dec 19 - Asteroid 5841 Stone Closest Approach To Earth (0.942 AU)
   Dec 20 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #228 (OTM-228)
   Dec 20 - Asteroid 2002 PR1 Near-Ceres Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Dec 20 - Asteroid 3568 ASCII Closest Approach To Earth (2.394 AU)
   Dec 20 - Ames Research Center's 70th Birthday (1939)
   Dec 20 - Mt. Wilson Observatory's 105th Birthday (1904)
* Dec 21 - Soyuz TMA-17 Soyuz U Launch (International Space Station 21S)
   Dec 21 - Winter Solstice (17:47 UT)
   Dec 21 - Comet 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 Closest Approach To Earth (2.624 AU)
   Dec 21 - Asteroid 7000 Curie Closest Approach To Earth (1.361 AU)
   Dec 21 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Vega 2 Launch (Soviet Venus/Comet Halley
Mission)
   Dec 22 - Ursids Meteor Shower Peak
   Dec 22 - Comet 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4 Closest Approach To Earth (1.019 AU)
   Dec 22 - Asteroid 2003 YL118 Near-Earth Flyby (0.034 AU)
   Dec 22 - Asteroid 8084 Dallas Closest Approach To Earth (1.705 AU)
   Dec 23 - Asteroid 64070 NEAT Closest Approach To Earth (1.153 AU)
   Dec 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #229 (OTM-229)
   Dec 24 - Comet P/2003 CP7 (LINEAR-NEAT) Closest Approach To Earth (2.822 AU)
   Dec 24 - Asteroid 2007 MK13 Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
   Dec 24 - 30th Anniversary (1979), Inaugural Ariane 1 Launch
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 11 Parthenope At Opposition (9.9 Magnitude)
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 2004 XG29 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 6456 Golombek Closest Approach To Earth (1.968 AU)
   Dec 26 - Progress M-4M Soyuz U Launch (International Space Station 36P)
   Dec 26 - Cassini, Distant Tethys Flyby
   Dec 26 - Asteroid 2008 YZ32 Near-Earth Flyby (0.055 AU)
   Dec 26 - Asteroid 51829 Williemccool Closest Approach To Earth (1.350 AU)
   Dec 26 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Salyut 4 Launch (USSR Space Station)
   Dec 27 - Comet 30P/Reinmuth 1 Closest Approach To Earth (1.180 AU)
   Dec 27 - Asteroid 2161 Grissom Closest Approach To Earth (1.663 AU)
   Dec 27 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Discovery of ALH84001 (Mars Meteorite)
   Dec 28 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Dec 28 - Asteroid 1998 HE3 Near-Venus Flyby (0.017 AU)
   Dec 28 - Asteroid 324 Bamberga At Opposition (9.8 Magnitude)
   Dec 28 - Maarten Schmidt's 80th Birthday (1929)
   Dec 29 - Asteroid 896 Sphinx Closest Approach To Earth (1.649 AU)
   Dec 30 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #230 (OTM-230)
   Dec 31 - Venus, Express, Mars Express, End of Extended Mission
   Dec 31 - Partial Lunar Eclipse
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 2362 Mark Twain Closest Approach To Earth (1.258 AU)
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 7367 Giotto Closest Approach To Earth (2.209 AU)
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 4169 Celsius Closest Approach To Earth (2.216 AU)
   Dec 31 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Cassini, Iapetus Flyby
   Dec 31 - Robert Aiken's 145th Birthday (1864)

January 2010
   Jan ?? - TerreStar 2 Ariane 5 Launch
   Jan ?? - Express AM-4/Express MD-2 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Jan ?? - IGS-4A/IGS-4B H-2A Launch
   Jan ?? - Sudansat 1 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jan ?? - Amsat Phase 3E Express Ariane 5 Launch
   Jan ?? - Hausat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jan ?? - X-Sat PSLV Launch
   Jan ?? - SRE-2 PSLV Launch
   Jan ?? - Dragon 1 Falcon 9 Launch
   Jan ?? - ResourceSat 2/YouthSat PSLV Launch (India)
   Jan ?? - Cubesats/PW-Sat 1/Laser Relativity Satellite (LARES) Vega Launch
(Inaugural Vega Launch)
   Jan 01 - Comet C/2009 O4 (Hill) Perihelion (2.563 AU)
   Jan 01 - Asteroid 25143 Itokawa Closest Approach To Earth (0.571 AU)
   Jan 01 - Asteroid 6984 Lewiscarroll Closest Approach To Earth (2.306 AU)
   Jan 02 - Comet 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4 Perihelion (1.984 AU)
   Jan 02 - Asteroid 9342 Carygrant Closest Approach To Earth (1.350 AU)
   Jan 02 - Isaac Asimov's 90th Birthday (1920)
   Jan 02 - Leslie Peltier's 110th Birthday (1900)
   Jan 03 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower Peak
   Jan 03 - Asteroid 6524 Baalke Closest Approach To Earth (1.252 AU)
   Jan 03 - 10th Annivesary (2000), Galileo, Europa 26 Flyby
   Jan 04 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #231 (OTM-231)
   Jan 04 - Earth At Perihelion (0.983 AU From Sun)
   Jan 05 - Comet 82P/Gehrels 3 Closest Approach To Earth (2.650 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 1069 Planckia Closest Approach To Earth (2.047 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 8000 Isaac Newton Closest Approach To Earth (2.333 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 2404 Antarctica Closest Approach To Earth (2.520 AU)
   Jan 05 - 105th Anniversary (1905), Charles Perrine's Discovery of Jupiter Moon
Elara
   Jan 06 - Comet P/2005 S2 (Skiff) Closest Approach To Earth (6.374 AU)
   Jan 06 - Asteroid 9963 Sandage Closest Approach To Earth (1.473 AU)
   Jan 06 - Asteroid 3784 Chopin Closest Approach To Earth (2.673 AU)
   Jan 06 - 25th Anniversary (1985), La Criolla Meteorite Fall (Hit House)
   Jan 07 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Sakigake Launch (Japan Comet Halley Mission)
   Jan 07 - 400th Anniversary (1610), Galileo Galilei's Discovery of Jupiter's
Moons
   Jan 08 - Asteroid 2005 YO3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Jan 08 - Asteroid 12382 Niagara Falls Closest Approach To Earth (1.922 AU)
   Jan 09 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #232 (OTM-232)
   Jan 09 - 20th Anniversary (1990), STS-32 Columbia Launch (LDEF Satellite)
   Jan 10 - Asteroid 10221 Kubrick Closest Approach To Earth (1.373 AU)
   Jan 11 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pandora & Methone
   Jan 12 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jan 12 - Comet 169P/NEAT Near-Earth Flyby (0.194 AU)
   Jan 12 - Comet 82P/Gehrels 3 Perihelion (3.633 AU)
   Jan 12 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Deep Impact Delta 2 Launch,
   Jan 12 - Royal Astronomical Society's 190th Birthday (1820)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 9885 Linux Closest Approach To Earth (1.237 AU)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 3350 Scobee Closest Approach To Earth (1.715 AU)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 2421 Nininger Closest Approach To Earth (2.334 AU)
   Jan 13 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Discovery of EETA 79001 (Mars Meteorite)
   Jan 14 - Asteroid 1134 Kepler Closest Approach To Earth (2.444 AU)
   Jan 14 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Huygens Probe, Titan Landing
   Jan 15 - Annular Solar Eclipse, Visible in Africa, India & China
   Jan 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #233 (OTM-233)
   Jan 15 - Asteroid 9000 Hal Closest Approach To Earth (1.707 AU)
* Jan 16 - Comet C/2009 Q4 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (0.577 AU)
   Jan 16 - Asteroid 29075 (1950 DA) Closest Approach To Earth (0.901 AU)
   Jan 17 - Comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels Closest Approach To Earth (1.822 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 2009 DA43 Near-Earth Flyby (0.092 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 5554 Keesey Closest Approach To Earth (1.235 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 35352 Texas Closest Approach To Earth (1.917 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 13681 Monty Python Closest Approach To Earth (2.194 AU)
   Jan 18 - Asteroid 2008 XM Near-Earth Flyby (0.079 AU)
   Jan 19 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon Janus
   Jan 19 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 2 launch (Unmanned Suborbital Flight)
   Jan 19 - 170th Anniversary (1840), Discovery of Antarctica
   Jan 20 - X-37B OTV-1 Atlas 5 Launch
   Jan 20 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #234 (OTM-234)
   Jan 20 - Asteroid 11714 Mikebrown Closest Approach To Earth (2.347 AU)
   Jan 20 - Buzz Aldrin's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Jan 21 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Little Joe Launch (Miss Sam Monkey)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 2003 BH Near-Earth Flyby (0.091 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 7672 Hawking Closest Approach To Earth (1.226 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 12574 LONEOS Closest Approach To Earth (1.493 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 7231 Porco Closest Approach To Earth (2.390 AU)
   Jan 24 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of Dhofar 019 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Jan 24 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hiten Launch (Japan Moon Orbiter)
   Jan 25 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #235 (OTM-235)
   Jan 25 - Asteroid 9949 Brontosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.357 AU)
   Jan 26 - Asteroid 2198 Ceplecha Closest Approach To Earth (1.490 AU)
   Jan 26 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon
Epimetheus
   Jan 27 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione, Telesto, Methone, Pan & Prometheus
   Jan 27 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (25 Degrees)
   Jan 27 - Asteroid 3768 Monroe Closest Approach To Earth (2.357 AU)
   Jan 28 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jan 28 - Mars Closest Approach To Earth (0.664 AU)
   Jan 28 - Asteroid 14702 Benclark Closest Approach To Earth (2.323 AU)
   Jan 28 - Asteroid 37452 Spirit Closest Approach To Earth (2.830 AU)
   Jan 29 - Mars at Opposition
   Jan 29 - Comet P/1998 VS24 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (3.286 AU)
   Jan 29 - Asteroid 6775 Giorgini Closest Approach To Earth (2.112 AU)
   Jan 30 - Asteroid 2008 CN1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Jan 31 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #236 (OTM-236)
* Jan 31 - Comet 224P/LINEAR-NEAT Perihelion (1.990 AU)

February 2010
   Feb ?? - Cosmo-Skymed 4 Delta 2 Launch
   Feb ?? - GPS 2F-2 Atlas 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - Badr 5 (Arabsat 5B) Ariane 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - TacSat 1 Falcon 1 Launch
   Feb ?? - Astra 3-B Ariane 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - Beidou 2-C (Compass M-2) CZ-3A Launch
   Feb ?? - Cryosat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
* Feb ?? - Prisma/Picard Dnepr 1 Launch
   Feb 01 - Asteroid 9937 Triceratops Closest Approach To Earth (1.588 AU)
   Feb 02 - Comet C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) Closest Approach To Earth (2.193 AU)
* Feb 03 - Progress M-05M Soyuz U Launch (International Space Station 37P)
* Feb 03 - Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atlas 5 Launch
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 2008 CD119 Near-Earth Flyby (0.072 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 9770 Discovery Closest Approach To Earth (1.167 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 1862 Apollo Closest Approach To Earth (1.306 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 12820 Robinwilliams Closest Approach To Earth (2.009 AU)
   Feb 04 - STS-130 Launch, Space Shuttle Endeavour, Node 3, Cupola,
International Space Station
   Feb 04 - Asteroid 2008 CL20 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Feb 04 - Asteroid 2001 UF18 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.026 AU)
   Feb 06 - Asteroid 2001 SF286 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.036 AU)
   Feb 07 - Comet C/2009 K2 (Catalina) Perihelion (3.246 AU)
   Feb 07 - Asteroid 2099 Opik Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Feb 07 - Asteroid 4701 Milani Closest Approach To Earth (1.795 AU)
   Feb 08 - Comet 203P/Korlevic Perihelion (3.182 AU)
   Feb 08 - Comet 139P/Vaisala-Oterma Closest Approach To Earth (3.377 AU)
   Feb 08 - Asteroid 216 Kleopatra Closest Approach To Earth (1.917 AU)
   Feb 08 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of GRV 99027 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Feb 09 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Galileo, Venus Flyby
* Feb 10 - Comet C/2009 P2 (Boattini) Perihelion (6.544 AU)
   Feb 10 - Asteroid 2008 CQ116 Near-Earth Flyby (0.050 AU)
   Feb 10 - Asteroid 6000 United Nations Closest Approach To Earth (2.018 AU)
   Feb 11 - Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 Closest Approach To Earth (5.207 AU)
   Feb 11 - Asteroid 8952 ODAS Closest Approach To Earth (1.658 AU)
   Feb 11 - Asteroid 48300 Kronk Closest Approach To Earth (2.050 AU)
   Feb 11 - Kuiper Belt Object 55565 (2002 AW197) Closest Approach To Earth
(45.458 AU)
   Feb 11 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Ohsumi Launch (Japan's 1st Satellite)
   Feb 12 - Asteroid 17023 Abbott Closest Approach To Earth (1.164 AU)
   Feb 12 - Asteroid 1991 Darwin Closest Approach To Earth (1.721 AU)
   Feb 13 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso & Epimetheus
   Feb 13 - Cassini, Mimas Flyby
   Feb 13 - Asteroid 2001 TE2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Feb 13 - Asteroid 17196 Mastrodemos Closest Approach To Earth (1.653 AU)
   Feb 14 - Chinese New Year
   Feb 14 - Asteroid 1996 BG1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.042 AU)
   Feb 14 - 10th Anniversary (2000), NEAR, Asteroid Eros Orbit Insertion
   Feb 14 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Voyager 1, Family Portrait Images
   Feb 14 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Solar Maximum Mission Launch
   Feb 15 - NROL-29 Atlas 5 Launch
   Feb 17 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Ranger 8 Launch (Moon Impact Mission)
   Feb 18 - Asteroid 2005 YQ96 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.034 AU)
   Feb 18 - Asteroid 2991 Bilbo Closest Approach To Earth (1.760 AU)
   Feb 18 - 80th Anniversary (1930), Clyde Tombaugh's Discovery of Pluto
   Feb 19 - Comet 149P/Mueller 4 Perihelion (2.651 AU)
   Feb 19 - Asteroid 9941 Iguanodo Closest Approach To Earth (1.066 AU)
   Feb 19 - Kuiper Belt Object 90482 Orcus Closest Approach To Earth (46.951 AU)
   Feb 20 - Comet 157P/Tritton Perihelion (1.360 AU)
   Feb 20 - Asteroid 2002 XY38 Near-Earth Flyby (0.042 AU)
   Feb 20 - Asteroid 17024 Costello Closest Approach To Earth (1.545 AU)
   Feb 21 - Tom Gehrels' 85th Birthday (1925)
   Feb 22 - Comet 81P/Wild 2 Perihelion (1.598 AU)
   Feb 22 - Comet 126P/IRAS Perihelion (1.713 AU)
   Feb 22 - Asteroid 4 Vesta Closest Approach To Earth (1.411 AU)
   Feb 22 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Galileo, Io 27 Flyby
   Feb 23 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #237 (OTM-237)
   Feb 23 - Comet 94P/Russell Closest Approach To Earth (1.275 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 33342 (1998 WT24) Near-Mercury Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 88292 Bora-Bora Closest Approach To Earth (1.790 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 9661 Hohmann Closest Approach To Earth (3.896 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 2009 FY4 Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 3808 Tempel Closest Approach To Earth (0.974 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 99942 Apophis Closest Approach To Earth (1.631 AU)
   Feb 27 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #238 (OTM-238)
   Feb 28 - Comet P/1999 XN120 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (2.837 AU)

March 2010
   Mar ?? - Sich 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Mar ?? - HJ-1C CZ-2C Launch
* Mar ?? - Unamsat 3 Dnepr 1 Launch
* Mar ?? - Condor E Strela Launch
   Mar 01 - Asteroid 2007 EF Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Mar 01 - Asteroid 39382 Opportunity Closest Approach To Earth (2.932 AU)
   Mar 01 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Laques & Lechaceux's Discovery of Saturn
Moon Helene
   Mar 02 - Cassini, Rhea Flyby
   Mar 02 - Comet 65P/Gunn Perihelion (2.440 AU)
   Mar 02 - Asteroid 2001 PT9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.032 AU)
   Mar 02 - Asteroid 18106 Blume Closest Approach To Earth (2.705 AU)
   Mar 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso
   Mar 03 - Cassini, Helene Flyby
   Mar 03 - Asteroid 2742 Gibson Closest Approach To Earth (1.979 AU)
   Mar 03 - Asteroid 11881 Mirstation Closest Approach To Earth (2.115 AU)
   Mar 04 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Rosetta, 1st Earth Gravity Assist
   Mar 05 - Comet 219P/LINEAR Perihelion (2.364 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 2008 EY5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 2006 AM4 Near-Mercury (0.043 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 951 Gaspra Closest Approach To Earth (1.507 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 3130 Hillary Closest Approach To Earth (1.959 AU)
   Mar 06 - Asteroid 2006 LD1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Mar 06 - Michelangelo's 535th Birthday (1475)
   Mar 07 - Asteroid 2007 FB Near-Earth Flyby (0.054 AU)
   Mar 07 - Asteroid 30785 Greeley Closest Approach To Earth (1.882 AU)
   Mar 08 - Comet 162P/Siding Spring Perihelion (1.233 AU)
   Mar 08 - Asteroid 4149 Harrison Closest Approach To Earth (1.508 AU)
   Mar 09 - Asteroid 4370 Dickens Closest Approach To Earth (1.597 AU)
   Mar 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #239 (OTM-239)
   Mar 10 - Asteroid 447 Valentine Closest Approach To Earth (2.083 AU)
   Mar 11 - Asteroid 719 Albert Closest Approach To Earth (2.154 AU)
   Mar 11 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Pioneer 5 Launch (Solar Orbiter)
   Mar 12 - Comet C/2009 K3 (Beshore) Closest Approach To Earth (3.744 AU)
   Mar 12 - Simon Newcomb's 175th Birthday (1835)
   Mar 13 - 30th  Anniversary (1980), Pascu/Seidelmann/Baum/Currie's Discovery of
Saturn Moon Calypso
   Mar 13 - Percival Lowell's 155th Birthday (1855)
   Mar 14 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (United States)
   Mar 14 - Comet 202P/Scotti Closest Approach To Earth (2.405 AU)
   Mar 14 - Giovanni Schiaparelli's 175th Birthday (1835)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 2002 AJ129 Near-Mars Flyby (0.041 AU)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 16857 Goodall Closest Approach To Earth (1.312 AU)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 78577 JPL Closest Approach To Earth (1.971 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 2008 JC Near-Venus Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 10799 Yucatan Closest Approach To Earth (1.941 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 7291 Hyakutake Closest Approach To Earth (2.726 AU)
   Mar 16 - Dwarf Planet 136472 Makemake Closest Approach To Earth (51.283 AU)
   Mar 16 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Mariner 10, 3rd Mercury Flyby
   Mar 16 - Caroline Herschel's 260th Birthday (1750)
   Mar 17 - Asteroid 8103 Fermi Closest Approach To Earth (1.931 AU)
   Mar 17 - Asteroid 51824 Mikeanderson Closest Approach To Earth (2.305 AU)
   Mar 17 - Jim Irwin's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Mar 18 - STS-131 Launch, Space Shuttle Atlantis, Multi-Purpose Logistics
Module,
            International Space Station
   Mar 18 - Asteroid 1999 MN Near-Mercury Flyby (0.015 AU)
   Mar 18 - Asteroid 6758 Jesseowens Closest Approach To Earth (1.454 AU)
   Mar 18 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Soviet Rocket Launch Explosion (48 Dead)
   Mar 18 - 45th Anniversary (1965), 1st Spacewalk, Leonov On Voskhod 2
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 3356 Resnik Closest Approach To Earth (1.183 AU)
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 6223 Dahl Closest Approach To Earth (2.059 AU)
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 886 Washingtonia Closest Approach To Earth (3.064 AU)
   Mar 19 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hiten, Moon Flyby (Japan)
   Mar 20 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Telesto, Prometheus & Methone
   Mar 20 - Vernal Equinox, 17:32 UT
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 9880 Stegosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.341 AU)
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 4433 Goldstone Closest Approach To Earth (1.742 AU)
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 19367 Pink Floyd Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Mar 21 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pallene & Polydeuces
   Mar 21 - Saturn At Opposition
   Mar 21 - Asteroid 2001 FE7 Near-Earth Flyby (0.078 AU)
   Mar 21 - Asteroid 3656 Hemingway Closest Approach To Earth (1.121 AU)
   Mar 21 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Ranger 9 Launch (Moon Impact Mission)
   Mar 23 - Asteroid 2000 EW70 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Mar 23 - Asteroid 128523 Johnmuir Closest Approach To Earth (1.892 AU)
   Mar 23 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 3 Launch (Virgil Grissom, John Young)
* Mar 24 - Comet C/2009 O2 (Catalina) Perihelion (0.694 AU)
   Mar 24 - Comet 195P/Hill Closest Approach To Earth (4.018 AU)
   Mar 24 - Asteroid 11246 Orvillewright Closest Approach To Earth (1.906 AU)
   Mar 24 - Asteroid 1691 Oort Closest Approach To Earth (2.531 AU)
   Mar 25 - Comet C/2008 N1 (Holmes) Closest Approach To Earth (2.504 AU)
   Mar 25 - Asteroid 3355 Onizuka Closest Approach To Earth (1.218 AU)
   Mar 25 - Asteroid 1877 Marsden Closest Approach To Earth (3.233 AU)
   Mar 25 - 10th Anniversary (2000), IMAGE Launch
   Mar 25 - 355th Anniversary (1655), Christiaan Huygens' Discovery of Saturn
Moon Titan
   Mar 26 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #240 (OTM-240)
   Mar 26 - Comet C/2009 O2 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (0.808 AU)
   Mar 26 - Comet P/2001 R6 (LINEAR-Skiff) Perihelion (2.179 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 2004 FU162 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 2007 MT20 Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla Closest Approach To Earth (2.190 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 51823 Rickhusband Closest Approach To Earth (2.634 AU)
   Mar 27 - Asteroid 267 Glo Closest Approach To Earth (1.840 AU)
   Mar 28 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (Europe)
   Mar 28 - Comet C/2007 S2 (Lemmon) Closest Approach To Earth (5.368 AU)
   Mar 28 - Asteroid 17744 Jodiefoster Closest Approach To Earth (2.066 AU)
   Mar 29 - Comet 94P/Russell Perihelion (2.240 AU)
   Mar 29 - Asteroid 1225 Ariane Closest Approach To Earth (1.183 AU)
   Mar 29 - Asteroid 5036 Tuttle Closest Approach To Earth (1.612 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 17059 Elvis Closest Approach To Earth (1.615 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 3000 Leonardo Closest Approach To Earth (1.775 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 4957 Brucemurray Closest Approach To Earth (2.083 AU)
   Mar 31 - Comet P/2008 Y3 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (4.266 AU)

April 2010
   Apr ?? - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), End of Primary Mission
   Apr ?? - Cosmos Glonass K1+K2 Soyuz 2 Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Cosmos-Prognoz N11 Proton K-DM2 Launch
   Apr ?? - Dialog 1 Rokot-Briz Launch
   Apr ?? - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), End of Primary Mission
   Apr ?? - Kanopus-V/Belka 2 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Tugsat 1 (Brite-Austria) Dnepr 1 Launch
* Apr ?? - Electro-L Zenit 2-Fregat Launch
* Apr ?? - Megha-Tropiques PSLV Launch
   Apr 01 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Tiros 1 Launch (1st Weather Satellite)
   Apr 02 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #241 (OTM-241)
   Apr 02 - Comet 149P/Mueller 4 Closest Approach To Earth (1.802 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 2001 XO88 Near-Vesta Flyby (0.037 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 3949 Mach Closest Approach To Earth (1.138 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 18932 Robinhood Closest Approach To Earth (1.599 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 3351 Smith Closest Approach To Earth (2.857 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 1006 Lagrangea Closest Approach To Earth (3.266 AU)
   Apr 04 - Easter Sunday
   Apr 04 - American Rocket Society's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Apr 05 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Apr 05 - Comet 81P/Wild 2 Closest Approach To Earth (0.673 AU)
   Apr 05 - Asteroid 2009 HE60 Near-Earth Flyby (0.055 AU)
   Apr 05 - Asteroid 1604 Tombaugh Closest Approach To Earth (2.292 AU)
   Apr 05 - 20th Anniversary (1990), 1st Pegasus Rocket Launch
   Apr 06 - Comet P/1999 XB69 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (2.008 AU)
   Apr 06 - Asteroid 2004 ER21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Apr 06 - Asteroid 132524 APL Closest Approach To Earth (1.871 AU)
   Apr 06 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Intelsat 1 Launch (1st Commercial
Communications Satellite)
   Apr 07 - Cassini, Dione Flyby
   Apr 07 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Mimas, Tethys, Calypso, Epimetheus & Janus
   Apr 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 136108 Haumea Closest Approach To Earth (50.125
AU)
   Apr 08 - STS-132 Launch, Space Shuttle Atlantis, International Space Station
   Apr 08 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (19 Degrees)
   Apr 08 - Asteroid 7818 Muirhead Closest Approach To Earth (2.023 AU)
   Apr 08 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon Telesto
   Apr 09 - Comet 211P/Hill Closest Approach To Earth (2.191 AU)
   Apr 09 - Asteroid 2007 TD Near-Venus Flyby (0.038 AU)
   Apr 09 - Asteroid 1034 Mozartia Closest Approach To Earth (1.593 AU)
   Apr 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #242 (OTM-242)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 2004 FG11 Near-Earth Flyby (0.065 AU)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 4238 Audrey Closest Approach To Earth (1.228 AU)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 5682 Beresford Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 2003 TT9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 3162 Nostalgia Closest Approach To Earth (2.404 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 5223 McSween Closest Approach To Earth (2.722 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 4179 Toutatis Closest Approach To Earth (2.873 AU)
   Apr 11 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Apollo 13 Launch
   Apr 12 - Asteroid 17062 Bardot Closest Approach To Earth (2.119 AU)
   Apr 12 - Yuri's Night - World Space Party
   Apr 13 - Comet 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh Closest Approach To Earth (2.670 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 2008 FH Near-Earth Flyby (0.040 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 5203 Pavarotti Closest Approach To Earth (1.307 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 4150 Starr Closest Approach To Earth (1.388 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 2985 Shakespeare Closest Approach To Earth (1.876 AU)
   Apr 13 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Transit 1B Launch (1st Experimental
Navigation Satellite)
   Apr 14 - Comet 173P/Mueller 5 Closest Approach To Earth (4.094 AU)
   Apr 14 - Asteroid 5035 Swift Closest Approach To Earth (1.644 AU)
   Apr 14 - Asteroid 6227 Alanrubin Closest Approach To Earth (2.044 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 2008 CB6 Near-Earth Flyby (0.031 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 2001 QE71 Near-Earth Flyby (0.094 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 7862 Keikonakamura Closest Approach To Earth (2.051 AU)
   Apr 16 - Petrus Apianus' 515th Birthday (1495)
   Apr 17 - Comet C/2009 F2 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (4.982 AU)
   Apr 17 - Asteroid 10051 Albee Closest Approach To Earth (2.115 AU)
   Apr 18 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #243 (OTM-243)
   Apr 18 - Comet C/2009 K5 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (1.264 AU)
   Apr 19 - Comet 30P/Reinmuth 1 Perihelion (1.884 AU)
   Apr 19 - Asteroid 2005 YU55 Near-Earth Flyby (0.014 AU)
   Apr 19 - Asteroid 5891 Gehrig Closest Approach To Earth (1.724 AU)
   Apr 19-25 - Astronomy Week
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 2008 UC202 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 6336 Dodo Closest Approach To Earth (1.708 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 2000 Herschel Closest Approach To Earth (2.039 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 11247 Wilburwright Closest Approach To Earth (2.570 AU)
   Apr 21 - Asteroid 1288 Santa Closest Approach To Earth (2.036 AU)
   Apr 21 - Asteroid 43844 Rowling Closest Approach To Earth (2.173 AU)
   Apr 22 - Lyrids Meteor Shower Peak
   Apr 22 - Asteroid 4628 Laplace Closest Approach To Earth (1.442 AU)
   Apr 23 - Asteroid 8575 Hawaii Closest Approach To Earth (2.136 AU)
   Apr 23 - Asteroid 51827 Laurelclark Closest Approach To Earth (2.143 AU)
   Apr 24 - Astronomy Day
   Apr 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #244 (OTM-244)
   Apr 24 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hubble Space Telescope Launch (STS-31)
   Apr 24 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Mao 1 Launch (1st Chinese Satellite)
* Apr 25 - Asteroid 2004 US1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Apr 26 - Comet C/2007 VO53 (Spacewatch) Perihelion (4.843 AU)
   Apr 26 - Asteroid 6676 Monet Closest Approach To Earth (1.947 AU)
   Apr 27 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Prometheus, Telesto, Pandora & Pallene
   Apr 27 - Comet P/2008 CL94 (Lemmon) Closest Approach To Earth (5.251 AU)
   Apr 28 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 656 Beagle Closest Approach To Earth (1.912 AU)
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 51825 Davidbrown Closest Approach To Earth (2.149 AU)
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 5555 Wimberly Closest Approach To Earth (2.306 AU)
   Apr 28 - Jan Oort's 110th Birthday (1900)
   Apr 29 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #245 (OTM-245)
* Apr 29 - Asteroid 2002 JR100 Near-Earth Flyby (0.020 AU)
   Apr 29 - Asteroid 5450 Sokrates Closest Approach To Earth (1.931 AU)
   Apr 30 - Comet C/2009 K5 (McNaught) Perihelion (1.423 AU)
   Apr 30 - Asteroid 9769 Nautilus Closest Approach To Earth (1.050 AU)

May 2010
   May ?? - SBIRS-Geo 1 (SBIRS-High 2) Atlas 5 Launch
* May ?? - Cosmos-Geizer N21 Proton K Launch
* May ?? - Hylas Ariane 5 Launch
* May ?? - Bluesat Dnepr 1 Launch
* May ?? - Yamal 301/302 Proton K-DM-2M Launch
   May 02 - Asteroid 2007 DB61 Near-Earth Flyby (0.090 AU)
   May 03 - Asteroid 24101 Cassini Closest Approach To Earth (2.343 AU)
   May 04 - Comet 104P/Kowal 2 Perihelion (1.180 AU)
   May 04 - Asteroid (141495) 2002 EZ11 Near-Mars Flyby (0.018 AU)
   May 05 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   May 06 - Asteroid 9016 Henrymoore Closest Approach To Earth (2.898 AU)
   May 07 - Space Day
   May 07 - Asteroid 2009 BD Near-Earth Flyby (0.023 AU)
   May 07 - Asteroid 2688 Halley Closest Approach To Earth (1.867 AU)
   May 07 - Asteroid 4255 Spacewatch Closest Approach To Earth (2.438 AU)
   May 08 - Asteroid 1224 Fantasia Closest Approach To Earth (1.728 AU)
   May 11 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #246 (OTM-246)
   May 11 - Asteroid 2005 JR5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.061 AU)
   May 11 - Asteroid 6471 Collins Closest Approach To Earth (1.430 AU)
   May 12 - Asteroid 2007 TZ68 Near-Mars Flyby (0.012 AU)
   May 12 - Asteroid 9133 d'Arrest Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   May 14 - Griffith Observatory's 75th Birthday (1935)
   May 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #247 (OTM-247)
   May 15 - Asteroid 10204 Turing Closest Approach To Earth (2.010 AU)
* May 16 - Moon Occults Venus
   May 18 - Cassini, Enceladus & Methone Flyby
   May 19 - Comet 24P/Schaumasse Closest Approach To Earth (2.277 AU)
   May 19 - Asteroid 2003 QC10 Near-Earth Flyby (0.089 AU)
   May 20 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   May 20 - Asteroid 2004 FG11 Near-Mercury (0.039 AU)
   May 20 - Asteroid 11055 Honduras Closest Approach To Earth (0.985 AU)
   May 20 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Galileo, Ganymede 28 Flyby
   May 21 - Asteroid 1865 Cerberus Closest Approach To Earth (0.334 AU)
   May 21 - Asteroid 3259 Brownlee Closest Approach To Earth (1.833 AU)
   May 21 - Asteroid 6433 Enya Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   May 22 - Asteroid 232 Russia Closest Approach To Earth (1.175 AU)
   May 22 - 15th Anniversary (1995), Saturn Ring Plane Crossing (1 of 3)
   May 23 - Aquarius Delta 2 Launch
   May 23 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #248 (OTM-248)
   May 23 - Asteroid 2008 GA4 Near-Venus Flyby (0.031 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 9969 Braille Closest Approach To Earth (0.427 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 8088 Australia Closest Approach To Earth (1.526 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 6030 Zolensky Closest Approach To Earth (2.274 AU)
   May 24 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Midas 2 Launch (1st Experimental Infrared
Surveillance Satellite)
   May 25 - Asteroid 10389 Robmanning Closest Approach To Earth (1.414 AU)
   May 26 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (25 Degrees)
   May 27 - Asteroid 2008 KV2 Near-Venus Flyby (0.032 AU)
* May 28 - STP-26/FASTRAC-A & B/FalconSat 4/OREOS/RAC Minotaur 4 Launch
   May 28 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #249 (OTM-249)
   May 28 - Asteroid 7032 Hitchcock Closest Approach To Earth (1.463 AU)
   May 28 - Frank Drake's 80th Birthday (1930)
   May 29 - Asteroid 5145 Pholus Closest Approach To Earth (22.402 AU)
   May 30 - Comet 142P/Ge-Wang Perihelion (2.488 AU)
   May 31 - Asteroid 25399 Vonnegut Closest Approach To Earth (1.653 AU)
   May 31 - European Space Agency's 35th Birthday (1975)

June 2010
   Jun ?? - Hayabusa (MUSES-C) Return To Earth
   Jun ?? - Equars VLS-1 Launch (Brazil)
   Jun ?? - Monitor IR1 Rokot KM Launch
   Jun ?? - Insat 4-D GSLV-1 Launch
   Jun ?? - Nilesat 2 Ariane 5 Launch
* Jun ?? - Meteor 3M N2 Soyuz 2-1B Launch
* Jun ?? - Katysat 1/KiwiSat/Atmocube/Cubesat-RAFT/Funsat/UCISAT Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jun 01 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #250 (OTM-250)
   Jun 01 - Asteroid 73491 Robmatson Closest Approach To Earth (1.791 AU)
   Jun 01 - 20th Anniversary (1990), ROSAT Launch
   Jun 02 - Asteroid 472 Roma Closest Approach To Earth (1.812 AU)
   Jun 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Tethys, Rhea & Pandora
   Jun 03 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 4 Launch, USA's First Spacewalk (Ed
White)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 1999 MN Near-Earth Flyby (0.033 AU)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 19578 Kirkdouglas Closest Approach To Earth (0.967 AU)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 24102 Jacquecassini Closest Approach To Earth (1.901 AU)
   Jun 05 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jun 05 - Asteroid 1999 HE1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.077 AU)
   Jun 05 - Asteroid 2004 KH17 Near-Earth Flyby (0.084 AU)
   Jun 07 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #251 (OTM-251)
   Jun 08 - Comet 215P/NEAT Perihelion (3.213 AU)
   Jun 08 - Comet 183P/Korlevic-Juric Closest Approach To Earth (3.514 AU)
   Jun 08 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 9 Launch (Soviet Venus
Orbiter/Lander)
   Jun 08 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Luna 6 Launch (Soviet Moon Flyby)
   Jun 08 - Giovanni Cassini's 385th Birthday (1625)
   Jun 09 - Kuiper Belt Oject 28978 Ixion Closest Approach To Earth (40.346 AU)
   Jun 10 - Asteroid 2007 YG Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Jun 10 - Asteroid 2023 Asaph Closest Approach To Earth (1.999 AU)
   Jun 11 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Vega 1, Venus Landing/Balloon
   Jun 12 - Asteroid 5020 Asimov Closest Approach To Earth (0.944 AU)
   Jun 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 50000 Quaoar Closest Approach To Earth (42.155 AU)
   Jun 13 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #252 (OTM-252)
   Jun 13 - Asteroid 2007 XB10 Near-Earth Flyby (0.071 AU)
   Jun 14 - Asteroid 2003 YS17 Near-Venus Flyby (0.044 AU)
   Jun 14 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Vega 2, Venus Landing/Balloon
   Jun 14 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 10, Venus Landing
* Jun 15 - Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (1.137 AU)
   Jun 15 - Asteroid 1 Ceres Closest Approach To Earth (1.825 AU)
   Jun 16 - Asteroid 6735 Madhatter Closest Approach To Earth (1.310 AU)
   Jun 17 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #253 (OTM-253)
* Jun 17 - Comet C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring) Closest Approach To Earth
(4.057 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2003 MN Near-Earth Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2007 DD Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2866 Hardy Closest Approach To Earth (1.739 AU)
   Jun 17 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of the Dhofar 378 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Jun 18 - Asteroid 2956 Yeomans Closest Approach To Earth (1.538 AU)
   Jun 19 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pan & Polydeuces
   Jun 20 - Asteroid 69230 Hermes Closest Approach To Earth (1.041 AU)
   Jun 20 - 340th Anniversary (1670), Discovery Of Nova 1670 Vulpeculae
   Jun 21 - Summer Solstice, 11:28 UT
   Jun 21 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jun 21 - Asteroid 5641 McCleese Closest Approach To Earth (0.804 AU)
   Jun 21 - Asteroid 4017 Disneya Closest Approach To Earth (1.505 AU)
   Jun 22 - Asteroid 13801 Kohlhase Closest Approach To Earth (1.738 AU)
   Jun 22 - Royal Greenwich Observatory's 335th Birthday (1675)
   Jun 23 - Asteroid 2008 EY5 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Jun 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #254 (OTM-254)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2008 YC3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.031 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2007 CS5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2008 WM64 Near-Earth Flyby (0.064 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 4099 Wiggins Closest Approach To Earth (1.780 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 1913 Sekanina Closest Approach To Earth (1.981 AU)
   Jun 24 - Dwarf Planet 134340 Pluto Closest Approach To Earth (30.860 AU)
   Jun 24 - Fred Hoyle's 95th Birthday (1915)
   Jun 25 - Pluto At Opposition
   Jun 25 - Rupert Wildt's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Jun 26 - Partial Lunar Eclipse
   Jun 26 - Comet 100P/Hartley Closest Approach To Earth (1.676 AU)
   Jun 26 - Asteroid 8353 Megryan Closest Approach To Earth (1.774 AU)
   Jun 26 - Charles Messier's 280th Birthday (1730)
   Jun 27 - Asteroid 154590 (2003 MA3) Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Jun 27 - Asteroid 4763 Ride Closest Approach To Earth (1.644 AU)
   Jun 28 - Asteroid 2005 ED318 Near-Earth Flyby (0.070 AU)
   Jun 28 - Asteroid 2118 Flagstaff Closest Approach To Earth (2.042 AU)
   Jun 30 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #255 (OTM-255)

July 2010
   Jul ?? - Planet-C/IKAROS/Waseda-Sat2/Unitec-1/Negai-Star/AWVONS H-2A Launch
(Japan Venus Orbiter)
   Jul ?? - AEHF F-1 Atlas 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - Sinosat 4 CZ-3B Launch
   Jul ?? - NROL-25 Delta 4M Launch
   Jul ?? - SSR-1 VSL-1 Launch (Brazil)
   Jul ?? - Dragon 2 Falcon 9 Launch
   Jul ?? - Microscope Ariane 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - Insat 4-G Ariane 5 Launch
   Jul 01 - Comet 43P/Wolf-Harrington Perihelion (1.358 AU)
   Jul 01 - Asteroid 2005 UU3 Near-Venus Flyby (0.006 AU)
* Jul 02 - Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) Perihelion (0.401 AU)
   Jul 02 - Comet 116P/Wild 4 Closest Approach To Earth (2.119 AU)
* Jul 02 - Asteroid 2063 Bacchus Closest Approach To Earth (1.432 AU)
   Jul 02 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Giotto, Earth Flyby
   Jul 02 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Giotto Launch (ESA's Comet Halley Mission)
* Jul 03 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #256 (OTM-256)
   Jul 04 - Comet 10P/Tempel 2 Perihelion (1.423 AU)
   Jul 04 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Deep Impact, Comet Tempel 1 Impact/Flyby
* Jul 05 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso, Enceladus & Daphnis
   Jul 05 - Comet 143P/Kowal-Mrkos Closest Approach To Earth (2.539 AU)
   Jul 05 - Asteroid 1814 Bach Closest Approach To Earth (1.492 AU)
   Jul 06 - Earth At Aphelion (1.017 AU From Sun)
   Jul 06 - Asteroid 91287 Simon-Garfunkel Closest Approach To Earth (1.306 AU)
* Jul 07 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 2001 KM20 Near-Earth Flyby (0.089 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 6602 Gilclark Closest Approach To Earth (1.098 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 5649 Donnashirley Closest Approach To Earth (1.927 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 3297 Hong Kong Closest Approach To Earth (2.328 AU)
   Jul 09 - Asteroid 3352 McAuliffe Closest Approach To Earth (1.517 AU)
   Jul 10 - Rosetta, Asteroid 21 Lutetia Flyby
* Jul 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #257 (OTM-257)
   Jul 10 - Asteroid 1578 Kirkwood Closest Approach To Earth (3.673 AU)
   Jul 11 - Total Solar Eclipse, Visible in South Pacific, Chile
   Jul 11 - Asteroid 2008 UP100 Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
   Jul 11 - Asteroid 4769 Castalia Closest Approach To Earth (0.973 AU)
   Jul 11 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Gamma Observatory Launch (Soviet Union)
   Jul 12 - Comet Comet 158P/Kowal-LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (3.677 AU)
   Jul 12 - Asteroid 2009 BD Near-Earth Flyby (0.027 AU)
   Jul 12 - Asteroid 37582 Faraday Closest Approach To Earth (1.082 AU)
   Jul 13 - Asteroid 4457 van Gogh Closest Approach To Earth (1.862 AU)
   Jul 14 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Mariner 4, Mars Flyby
   Jul 15 - Asteroid 5430 Luu Closest Approach To Earth (0.966 AU)
   Jul 15 - Asteroid 2228 Soyuz-Apollo Closest Approach To Earth (2.496 AU)
   Jul 16 - Comet C/2009 K2 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (2.590 AU)
   Jul 16 - Asteroid 7336 Saunders Closest Approach To Earth (0.205 AU)
   Jul 16 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Badr-A Launch (1st Pakistan Satellite)
   Jul 16 - 45th Anniversary (1965), 1st Proton Rocket Launch (USSR)
   Jul 17 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Apollo-Soyuz Handshake
* Jul 18 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #258 (OTM-258)
   Jul 18 - Comet P/1999 U3 (LINEAR) Perihelion (1.921 AU)
   Jul 18 - Asteroid 2002 BF25 Near-Earth Flyby (0.027 AU)
   Jul 18 - Asteroid 13926 Berners-Lee Closest Approach To Earth (1.319 AU)
   Jul 18 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Rohini 1 Launch (India's 1st Satellite)
   Jul 18 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Zond 3 Launch (USSR Moon Flyby)
   Jul 18-25 - COSPAR 2010 Scientific Assembly
   Jul 19 - Asteroid 2008 NP3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.069 AU)
   Jul 20 - Asteroid 17078 Sellers Closest Approach To Earth (1.831 AU)
   Jul 20 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of Jupiter Moon Callirrhoe
   Jul 21 - Comet 65P/Gunn Closest Approach To Earth (1.602 AU)
   Jul 21 - Asteroid 2000 UQ30 Near-Mars Flyby (0.050 AU)
   Jul 21 - Asteroid 8249 Gershwin Closest Approach To Earth (1.493 AU)
   Jul 22 - Comet 77P/Longmore Closest Approach To Earth (2.369 AU)
   Jul 22 - Asteroid 2007 HR Near-Mars Flyby (0.021 AU)
   Jul 23 - Asteroid 2006 KL21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Jul 23 - Asteroid 5049 Sherlock Closest Approach To Earth (1.028 AU)
   Jul 24 - 60th Anniversary (1950), 1st Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral
(Bumper/V-2 Rocket)
* Jul 25 - Cassini, Distant Fly of Prometheus & Atlas
   Jul 25 - Asteroid 3153 Lincoln Closest Approach To Earth (1.384 AU)
   Jul 25 - Asteroid 5738 Billpickering Closest Approach To Earth (3.106 AU)
   Jul 25 - 20th Anniversary (1990), CRRES Launch
   Jul 25 - Christoph Scheiner's 435th Birthday (1575)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 38237 Roche Closest Approach To Earth (1.263 AU)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 117329 Spencer Closest Approach To Earth (1.699 AU)
   Jul 28 - Asteroid 11548 Jerrylewis Closest Approach To Earth (2.009 AU)
   Jul 29 - STS-133 Launch, Space Shuttle Endeavour, International Space Station
   Jul 29 - South Delta-Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Jul 30 - Asteroid 4221 Picasso Closest Approach To Earth (1.586 AU)
   Jul 30 - 400th Anniversary (1610), Galileo Observes Saturn's Rings
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 2006 EB Near-Earth Flyby (0.080 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 1994 CB Near-Earth Flyby (0.091 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 118401 LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (1.956 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 1941 Wild Closest Approach To Earth (2.229 AU)

August 2010
* AUg ?? - NROL-35 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - NROL-39 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - NROL-41 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - GOES-P Delta 4M Launch
   Aug ?? - XM-5 Zenit 3SL Launch
* Aug ?? - Luch 5A/Amos 5 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Aug ?? - Radio-Astron (Spektr R) Zenit 2-Fregat-SB Launch
   Aug ?? - Cassiope 1 Falcon 9 Launch
   Aug ?? - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of NWA 2737 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Aug 01 - Alpha Capricornids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 01 - Comet 176P/LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (1.955 AU)
   Aug 01 - Asteroid 5231 Verne Closest Approach To Earth (1.665 AU)
   Aug 01 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of the SAU 051 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Aug 01 - Helen Battles Sawyer Hogg's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Aug 02 - 5th Anniversary (2005), MESSENGER, Earth Flyby
   Aug 03 - Asteroid 2830 Greenwich Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Aug 03 - Asteroid 9500 Camelot Closest Approach To Earth (1.956 AU)
   Aug 04 - Asteroid 2266 Tchaikovsky Closest Approach To Earth (2.724 AU)
   Aug 05 - Asteroid 17640 Mount Stromlo Closest Approach To Earth (1.031 AU)
   Aug 05 - Neil Armstrong's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Aug 06 - Southern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 06 - Comet 2P/Encke Perihelion (0.336 AU)
   Aug 06 - Asteroid 1282 Utopia Closest Approach To Earth (2.094 AU)
   Aug 07 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (27 Degrees)
   Aug 07 - Asteroid 8146 Jimbell Closest Approach To Earth (2.322 AU)
   Aug 08 - Asteroid 15000 CCD Closest Approach To Earth (1.772 AU)
* Aug 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #259 (OTM-259)
   Aug 10 - Asteroid 6239 Minos Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Aug 10 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Magellan, Venus Orbit Insertion
* Aug 11 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Titan
   Aug 12 - Perseids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 2004 PG115 Closest Approach To Earth (35.910)
   Aug 12 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Echo 1 Launch
* Aug 13 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
* Aug 13 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione, Calypso & Epimetheus
   Aug 13 - Asteroid 2002 AC9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Aug 13 - Asteroid 51828 Ilanramon Closest Approach To Earth (1.964 AU)
* Aug 14 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Atlas, Pandora, Dahpnis, Janus, Pan &
            Tethys
* Aug 14 - Comet 223P/Skiff Perihelion (2.420 AU)
   Aug 15 - Asteroid 4808 Ballaero Closest Approach To Earth (1.838 AU)
* Aug 16 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #260 (OTM-260)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 2007 XZ9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.072 AU)
   Aug 16 - Comet 95P/Chiron Closest Approach To Earth (15.420)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 4148 McCartney Closest Approach To Earth (1.404 AU)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 1024 Hale Closest Approach To Earth (1.420 AU)
   Aug 17 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Venera 7 Launch (USSR Venus Lander)
   Aug 18 - Comet C/2009 P2 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (5.704 AU)
   Aug 18 - Asteroid 2004 SC56 Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Aug 18 - Asteroid 4337 Arecibo Closest Approach To Earth (2.349 AU)
   Aug 18 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Suisei Launch (Japan Comet Halley Mission)
   Aug 19 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Sputnik 5 Launch (Carried Dogs Belka &
Strelka)
   Aug 20 - Venus At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (46 Degrees)
   Aug 20 - Neptune At Opposition
   Aug 20 - Asteroid 2041 Lancelot Closest Approach To Earth (1.986 AU)
   Aug 20 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Viking 1 Launch (Mars Lander/Orbiter)
   Aug 20 - 125th Anniversary (1885), Ernst Hartwig's Discovery of S Andromedae
* Aug 21 - Asteroid 469 Argentina Closest Approach To Earth (2.589 AU)
   Aug 21 - Kuiper Belt Object 2007 OR10 Closest Approach To Earth (85.142 AU)
   Aug 21 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 5 Launch (Gordon Cooper & Charles
Conrad)
   Aug 22 - Asteroid 2074 Shoemaker Closest Approach To Earth (1.039 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 2005 QQ87 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 2003 JN14 Near-Mars Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 8256 Shenzhou Closest Approach To Earth (1.172 AU)
   Aug 25 - Northern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
* Aug 25 - Comet 10P/Tempel 2 Closest Approach To Earth (0.651 AU)
   Aug 25 - Asteroid 697 Galilea Closest Approach To Earth (1.474 AU)
   Aug 25 - Asteroid 11911 Angel Closest Approach To Earth (1.797 AU)
   Aug 26 - Asteroid 2007 DS7 Near-Earth Flyby (0.096 AU)
   Aug 26 - Asteroid 2007 RY8  Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Aug 27 - Asteroid 2006 EK53 Near-Mars Flyby (0.045 AU)
   Aug 28 - Astroid 2007 DD Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Aug 28 - Asteroid 4116 Elachi Closest Approach To Earth (1.069 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 36800 Katarinawitt Closest Approach To Earth (1.009 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 7359 Messier Closest Approach To Earth (1.791 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 2006 SQ372 Closest Approach To Earth (23.719 AU)
   Aug 29 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Discovery of Nova Cygni 1975
   Aug 30 - Comet 2P/Encke Closest Approach To Earth (1.114 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 4055 Magellan Closest Approach To Earth (0.560 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 4342 Freud Closest Approach To Earth (1.522 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 203 Pompeja Closest Approach To Earth (1.664 AU)
* Aug 31 - Comet Comet 186P/Garradd Closest Approach To Earth (3.853 AU)
   Aug 31 - Asteroid 1999 CG9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.083 AU)
   Aug 31 - Asteroid 1566 Icarus Closest Approach To Earth (0.602 AU)

September 2010
* Sep ?? - Afristar 3 (Worldstar 3) Ariane 5 Launch
* Sep ?? - Astrosat 1 PSLV Launch (India)
* Sep ?? - Giove A2 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
* Sep ?? - Insat 3-D GSLV Launch (India)
* Sep ?? - CBERS 3 CZ-4B Launch
* Sep ?? - Lapansat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
* Sep ?? - Eros C Start 1 Launch (Israel)
* Sep ?? - Bissat Cosmos 3M Launch
* Sep 01 - Asteroid 3895 Earhart Closest Approach To Earth (1.772 AU)
* Sep 02 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Polydeuces & Telesto
* Sep 02 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #261 (OTM-261)
* Sep 02 - Asteroid 2008 EL68 Near-Earth Flyby (0.030 AU)
* Sep 03 - Comet P/2004 EW38 (Catalina-LINEAR) Perihelion (1.795 AU)
* Sep 03 - Asteroid 79896 Billhaley Closest Approach To Earth (2.010 AU)
* Sep 04 - Asteroid 2753 Duncan Closest Approach To Earth (1.845 AU)
* Sep 05 - Asteroid 9007 James Bond Closest Approach To Earth (1.181 AU)
* Sep 08 - Asteroid 3673 Levy Closest Approach To Earth (1.208 AU)
* Sep 08 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Viking 2 Launch (Mars Orbiter/Lander)
* Sep 08 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Kaoru Ikeya & Tsutomu Seki's Discovery of
Comet Ikeya-Seki
* Sep 08 - Marshall Space Flight Center's 50th Birthday (1960)
* Sep 08 - Thomas Keith Glennan's 105th Birthday (1905)
* Sep 09 - Asteroid 2005 VL1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.048 AU)
* Sep 09 - Asteroid 1940 Whipple Closest Approach To Earth (2.081 AU)
* Sep 10 - Comet 97P/Metcalf-Brewington Closest Approach To Earth (2.530 AU)
* Sep 10 - Asteroid 426 Hippo Closest Approach To Earth (2.214 AU)
* Sep 11 - 25th Anniversary (1985), ICE, Comet Giacobini-Zinner Flyby
* Sep 12 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Luna 16 Launch (Soviet Moon Sample Return)
* Sep 13 - Asteroid 19383 Rolling Stones Closest Approach To Earth (0.971 AU)
* Sep 14 - Asteroid 2001 XE1 Near-Mars Flyby (0.035 AU)
* Sep 14 - Asteroid 18458 Caesar Closest Approach To Earth (1.521 AU)
* Sep 14 - John Dobson's 95th Birthday (1915)
* Sep 15 - Asteroid 2005 UH6 Near-Venus Flyby (0.023 AU)
* Sep 16 - STS-134 Launch, Space Shuttle Discovery, International Space Station
* Sep 17 - Asteroid 4147 Lennon Closest Approach To Earth (1.467 AU)
* Sep 18 - Asteroid 3354 McNair Closest Approach To Earth (1.237 AU)
* Sep 18 - Asteroid 9954 Brachiosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.540 AU)
* Sep 19 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (18 Degrees)
* Sep 21 - Jupiter at Opposition
* Sep 21 - Uranus At Opposition
* Sep 22 - Asteroid 4923 Clarke Closest Approach To Earth (0.928 AU)
* Sep 23 - Autumnal Equinox (03:09 UT)
* Sep 24 - John Young's 80th Birthday (1930)
* Sep 25 - Asteroid 85990 (1999 JV6) Near-Venus Flyby (0.026 AU)
* Sep 26 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Cassini, Hyperion Flyby
* Sep 27 - Asteroid 3169 Ostro Closest Approach To Earth (1.132 AU)
* Sep 27 - Asteroid 7853 Confucius Closest Approach To Earth (2.735 AU)
* Sep 28 - Asteroid 2002 TZ57 Near-Earth Flyby (0.064 AU)
* Sep 28 - Asteroid 73079 Davidbaltimore Closest Approach To Earth (1.590 AU)
* Sep 28 - Ismael Bullialdus' 405th Birthday (1605)
* Sep 29 - Comet 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 Perihelion (3.424 AU)
* Sep 29 - Comet C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring) Perihelion (4.511 AU)
* Sep 30 - Asteroid 2005 NZ6 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.047 AU)
* Sep 30 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Charles Kowal's Discovery of Jupiter Moon
Themisto

Cassini Significant Events
for 09/16/09 - 09/22/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired
on Sept. 22 from the Deep Space Network tracking
complex at Goldstone, California. The Cassini
spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and
all subsystems are operating normally.
Information on the present position and speed of
the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the
"Present Position" page at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm

Wednesday, Sept. 16 (DOY 259):

The Cassini Scientist for a Day Fall 2009 Essay
Contest is currently underway. To celebrate the
International Year of Astronomy, this 8th edition
of the contest is open to all nations and
educational organizations. Each country and/or
educational organization is encouraged to run the
contest either following our guidelines or customizing them to fit their
  needs.

In the US, students in grades 5-12 may enter with
a fast approaching entry deadline of September
30, 2009, at noon Pacific Time. All essays will
be evaluated by Cassini scientists, flight team
members, and educators. Winning essays will be
selected for each target. Outside the US,
sponsoring organizations are tasked to select a
deadline, collect and judge the essays, and to
send the winning entries to the Cassini Outreach
Team. Winners and their classmates will be
invited to participate in a web-based videoconference with Cassini
  scientists.

The actual observation for this contest is
scheduled for October 11. The Science Planning
team designed three possible observation
opportunities. Target number 1 is Saturn and its
rings. Number 2 is Tethys with Saturn's rings,
and number 3 is Titan. For more information link to:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/education/scientistforaday8thedition/

Thursday, Sept. 17 (DOY 260):

On the Cassini Website, under News & Features,
one can find a link to the Cassini Science
League. Launched in August of this year, the
League endeavors to share with the public more of
the large and diverse volume of science generated
by the scientists on the Cassini mission. Each
Science League entry will highlight a science
paper - or set of interrelated papers - and
provide information on the publication in which the paper appears.

The first two articles "Resolving Rain over
Xanadu" and "Titan and Earth's Future Atmosphere:
Lost to Space" appeared in September and August
respectively. Release #3 is due out before the
end of September. To access the articles link to:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassiniscienceleague/

Friday, Sept. 18 (DOY 261):

Non-targeted flybys of Prometheus and Dione occurred today.

Sunday, Sept. 20 (DOY 263):

With the spacecraft and Saturn finally far enough
removed from superior conjunction - a
three-degree separation angle - science data
acquisition and playback activities have resumed.
The final portion of the Rings Equinox campaign
ran from Sunday, Sept. 20, through Sept. 24. The
entire set of ring observations during equinox
were deemed as the highest value rings science of
the Extended Mission. The observations for the
RINGS discipline group in these segments were
designed to look for ring phenomena that
scientists have never had the opportunity to study before.

Monday, Sept. 21 (DOY 264):

Science Planning hosted a presentation on the
science highlights for sequence S58 with a focus
on what is unique and what observations have the
highest priority. This information will help the
flight team as the sequence goes through the
development process, and assist in making trades
should the need arise. The files for the first input port are due Wednesday.

Scientists are marveling over the extent of
ruffles and dust clouds revealed in the rings of
Saturn during the planet's equinox crossing last
month. Once thought to be almost completely flat
- at most 10 meters thick - new images of the
rings reveal some newly discovered "bumps" as
high as the Rocky Mountains. For the full story, link to:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20090921/

A slideshow with highlights from Cassini's
five-year tour of Saturn, "The Saturn System: A
Feast for the Eyes," was also released Monday:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/thesaturnsystemafeastfortheeyes/

Completing an observation that began on the
previous day, VIMS monitored Saturn's rings
following the equinox. Next came an observation
in the CIRS campaign to monitor the long-term
trends in ring temperatures as the Sun moves
north across the ring plane during the equinox
and illuminates that side of the rings that
hasn't seen direct sunlight in over 14 years. ISS
then turned to study what have come to be known
as "propellers," features that indicate the
presence of ring particles large enough to
disturb the ring particles in their vicinity but
not so large as to be able to open a gap in the rings.

Tuesday, Sept. 22 (DOY 265):

Today Cassini and the equinox images were
mentioned on NBC Nightly News. The piece was
called "NASA Offers a New View of Saturn." The story can be viewed
online at:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032619#32975141

After reaching a separation (SEP) angle of 4
degrees, Cassini officially exited superior
conjunction. The minimum SEP angle of 1.95
degrees occurred on Sept. 17. One hundred "NO-OP"
commands were sent on each pass from September 15
through September 19 to test the conjunction command link.

A non-targeted flyby of Titan occurred today.

The Target Working Team (TWT)/ Orbiter Science
Team (OST) integrated products for S59, covering
orbits 129 through 131, from April through May,
2010, were delivered today. The integrated
products are in their final form and no
re-integration is planned. The next step in
sequence development, Science Operations Plan
(SOP) implementation, will kick off on Oct. 7.
Between now and then, the instrument teams will
be working on pointing designs for the sequence.
TWT/OST teams deliver integrated sequence
products for the extended mission about every five weeks.

The DSN schedulers provided a fully negotiated
S55 allocation file at this point in the Science
Operations Plan Process. Because of this, there
was enough time to perform the Sponge Bit
process. This process allowed Science Planning to
give out extra data volume for selected periods
of time where there was SSR and downlink margin.
The process began on the 21st with the
publication of an update to the Solid State
Recorder Management Tool report, and a Sponge
Bits package specifying the amount of data volume
per period that was available. A representative
from each science team then reviewed the package
and discussed with their team members if they
could take advantage of the available data volume
in each period. Based on the inputs received, the
science planner next updated the Sponge Bits
package with a proposed allocation. Then during
the actual Sponge Bits meeting on Tuesday, Sept.
22, the allocation was reviewed and approved.
Bottom line - more data for science!

Please save this message for reference.

Discuss the Outer Solar System, from the Moons of Jupiter to the outer reaches
of the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt.  It is asked that discussion remain on topic. 
There is a discussion group for the inner solar system (considered as the
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Cassini Significant Events
for 09/23/09 - 09/29/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired
on Sept. 29 from the Deep Space Network tracking
complex at Goldstone, California. The Cassini
spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and
all subsystems are operating normally.
Information on the present position and speed of
the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the
"Present Position" page at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm

Wednesday, Sept. 23 (DOY 266):

Port 1 files for the S58 Science Operations Plan
process were received from all participating
teams today. The files were merged and the
results sent out for review on Sept. 24.

A Simulation Procedure Review meeting was held
today as part of the sequence development process
for S55. Radio Science (RSS) had asked that the
occultation experiments planned for DOY 324 and
344 go through the simulation process. Testing
began on Friday the 25th and completed on Monday, Sept. 28.

A write-up on the Radio Science Solar Conjunction
Experiment is posted to Insider's Cassini. You can find the article at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassiniinsider/insider20090923/

Thursday, Sept. 24 (DOY 267):

The Rings Equinox science segment concluded today
and a Magnetospheric Working Group segment began.
This segment is dedicated to Magnetospheric and
Plasma Science (MAPS) science, with favorable
Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) pointing
nearly throughout from Sept. 24 through Oct. 8.
Other than an ISS Iapetus observation on DOY
267/268, the rest of the segment will be mostly
CAPS prime pointing, with a few other
observations in which the secondary axis still allows CAPS to gather data.

Friday, September 25 (DOY 268):

Today ISS performed two observations meant to
track some of Saturn's smaller satellites and
mapped out the lit face of the rings through
eight different filters to determine how the
rings' "color" varies. Such observations can
reveal information about the composition of the
rings, as well as how the ring system evolves
over time and recycles the material within them.
Next the dedicated MAPS campaign began. CAPS
performed an observation designed to allow the
MAPS instruments to study Saturn=B9s magnetospheric
boundary with the solar wind, and the
Magnetospheric Imaging experiment/ Ion and
Neutral Camera (MIMI/INCA) and Radio and Plasma
Wave Science (RPWS) performed studies of the
response of Saturn's magnetosphere.

Tuesday, Sept. 29 (DOY 272)

Although S53 is still executing, a kick off
meeting was held today for the first =AD and only =AD
live update in S54. The update is planned to
execute on DOY 286 with Rhea, Tethys, Mimas, and
Enceladus as the targets. The Go/No Go meeting
for this update is scheduled for this Friday.

Port 3 files for the S56 Science Operations Plan
process were received from all participating teams today.

Beginning yesterday and finishing up today,
Uplink Operations sent Instrument Expanded Block
files necessary for execution of the S54
background sequence to the spacecraft. There were
twelve files sent for the Composite Infrared
Spectrometer, ISS, Visual and Infrared Mapping
Spectrometer, Optical Navigation, UVIS, Ion and
Neutral Mass Spectrometer, and CAPS.

And on Wednesday:
A beautiful image of the rings of Saturn taken
during the recent equinox crossing was Astronomy
Picture of the Day. Check it out at:
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap090930.html



Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more
information about the Cassini Project:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/
    ------------------------

Space Weather News for Oct. 6,  2009
http://spaceweather.com

LUNAR IMPACT:  This Friday morning,  Oct 9th, at approximately 4:30 am PDT,
NASA's LCROSS spacecraft and its Centaur  booster rocket will plunge one
after another into a shadowed crater near the  Moon's south pole.  The
spectacular double-impact will be shown live on  NASA TV from the point of view
of
the LCROSS spacecraft.  Meanwhile, impact  debris plumes emerging from the
crater may be visible through backyard  telescopes. North American sky
watchers west of the Mississippi river are  favored with darkness and good views
of the Moon at the time of impact.   Visit http://spaceweather.com for
observing tips and full  coverage.


New subscribers: To sign up for free space weather alerts,  click here:
http://spaceweather.com/services/

HR




...

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2009-150

NASA Space Telescope Discovers Largest Ring Around Saturn
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
October 06, 2009

PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope has discovered an
enormous ring around Saturn -- by far the largest of the giant planet's
many rings.

The new belt lies at the far reaches of the Saturnian system, with an
orbit tilted 27 degrees from the main ring plane. The bulk of its
material starts about six million kilometers (3.7 million miles) away
from the planet and extends outward roughly another 12 million
kilometers (7.4 million miles). One of Saturn's farthest moons, Phoebe,
circles within the newfound ring, and is likely the source of its material.

Saturn's newest halo is thick, too -- its vertical height is about 20
times the diameter of the planet. It would take about one billion Earths
stacked together to fill the ring.

"This is one supersized ring," said Anne Verbiscer, an astronomer at the
University of Virginia, Charlottesville. "If you could see the ring, it
would span the width of two full moons' worth of sky, one on either side
of Saturn." Verbiscer; Douglas Hamilton of the University of Maryland,
College Park; and Michael Skrutskie, of the University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, are authors of a paper about the discovery to be
published online tomorrow by the journal Nature.

The ring itself is tenuous, made up of a thin array of ice and dust
particles. Spitzer's infrared eyes were able to spot the glow of the
band's cool dust. The telescope, launched in 2003, is currently 107
million kilometers (66 million miles) from Earth in orbit around the sun.

The discovery may help solve an age-old riddle of one of Saturn's moons.
Iapetus has a strange appearance -- one side is bright and the other is
really dark, in a pattern that resembles the yin-yang symbol. The
astronomer Giovanni Cassini first spotted the moon in 1671, and years
later figured out it has a dark side, now named Cassini Regio in his
honor. A stunning picture of Iapetus taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft
is online at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08384 .

Saturn's newest addition could explain how Cassini Regio came to be. The
ring is circling in the same direction as Phoebe, while Iapetus, the
other rings and most of Saturn's moons are all going the opposite way.
According to the scientists, some of the dark and dusty material from
the outer ring moves inward toward Iapetus, slamming the icy moon like
bugs on a windshield.

"Astronomers have long suspected that there is a connection between
Saturn's outer moon Phoebe and the dark material on Iapetus," said
Hamilton. "This new ring provides convincing evidence of that
relationship."

Verbiscer and her colleagues used Spitzer's longer-wavelength infrared
camera, called the multiband imaging photometer, to scan through a patch
of sky far from Saturn and a bit inside Phoebe's orbit. The astronomers
had a hunch that Phoebe might be circling around in a belt of dust
kicked up from its minor collisions with comets -- a process similar to
that around stars with dusty disks of planetary debris. Sure enough,
when the scientists took a first look at their Spitzer data, a band of
dust jumped out.

The ring would be difficult to see with visible-light telescopes. Its
particles are diffuse and may even extend beyond the bulk of the ring
material all the way in to Saturn and all the way out to interplanetary
space. The relatively small numbers of particles in the ring wouldn't
reflect much visible light, especially out at Saturn where sunlight is
weak.

"The particles are so far apart that if you were to stand in the ring,
you wouldn't even know it," said Verbiscer.

Spitzer was able to sense the glow of the cool dust, which is only about
80 Kelvin (minus 316 degrees Fahrenheit). Cool objects shine with
infrared, or thermal radiation; for example, even a cup of ice cream is
blazing with infrared light. "By focusing on the glow of the ring's cool
dust, Spitzer made it easy to find," said Verbiscer.

These observations were made before Spitzer ran out of coolant in May
and began its "warm" mission.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Spitzer
Space Telescope mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate,
Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science
Center at the California Institute of Technology, also in Pasadena.
Caltech manages JPL for NASA. The multiband imaging photometer for
Spitzer was built by Ball Aerospace Corporation, Boulder, Colo., and the
University of Arizona, Tucson. Its principal investigator is George
Rieke of the University of Arizona.

For additional images relating to the ring discovery and more
information about Spitzer, visit http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu
<http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/spitzer> and http://www.nasa.gov/spitzer .

Whitney Clavin 818-354-4673
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
whitney.clavin@...

J.D. Harrington 202-358-5241
NASA Headquarters, Washington
j.d.harrington@...

2009-150

THE FOLLOWING RELEASE WAS RECEIVED FROM THE DIVISION FOR PLANETARY
SCIENCES OF THE AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY AND IS FORWARDED FOR
YOUR INFORMATION. (FORWARDING DOES NOT IMPLY ENDORSEMENT BY THE PARENT
SOCIETY.) Rick Fienberg, American Astronomical Society:
rick.fienberg@..., 1-202-328-2010 x116.

October 8, 2009

Contacts:
Sanjay S. Limaye
DPS Press Officer
+1 608-262-9541
sanjayl@...

Prof. Richard Greenberg
University of Arizona
greenberg@...
+1 520-904-9457 (cell, through Oct. 9)
+1 520-621-6940 (office)

VERTICAL TRANSPORT THROUGH EUROPA'S CRUST:
IMPLICATIONS FOR OXIDANT DELIVERY AND HABITABILITY

The global ocean on Jupiter's moon Europa contains about twice the
liquid water of all the Earth's oceans combined. New research suggests
that there may be plenty of oxygen available in that ocean to support
life, a hundred times more oxygen than previously estimated.

The chances for life there have been uncertain, because Europa's ocean
lies beneath several miles of ice, which separates it from the
production of oxygen at the surface by energetic charged particles
(similar to cosmic rays). Without oxygen, life could conceivably exist
at hot springs in the ocean floor using exotic metabolic chemistries,
based on sulfur or the production of methane. However, it is not
certain whether the ocean floor actually would provide the conditions
for such life.

Therefore a key question has been whether enough oxygen reaches the
ocean to support the oxygen-based metabolic process that is most
familiar to us. An answer comes from considering the young age of
Europa's surface. Its geology and the paucity of impact craters
suggests that the top of the ice is continually reformed such that the
current surface is only about 50 million years old, roughly 1% of the
age of the solar system.

Richard Greenberg of the University of Arizona has considered three
generic resurfacing processes: gradually laying fresh material on the
surface - opening cracks which fill with fresh ice from below - and
disrupting patches of surface in place and replacing them with fresh
material. Using estimates for the production of oxidizers at the
surface, he finds that the delivery rate into the ocean is so fast
that the oxygen concentration could exceed that of the Earth's oceans
in only a few million years. Greenberg presents his findings tomorrow
at the 41st meeting of the American Astronomical Society's Division
for Planetary Sciences now under way in Fajardo, Puerto Rico
(http://dps.aas.org/press).

Greenberg says that the concentrations of oxygen would be great enough
to support not only microorganisms, but also "macrofauna", that is,
more complex animal-like organisms which have greater oxygen demands.
The continual supply of oxygen could support roughly 3 billion
kilograms of macrofauna, assuming similar oxygen demands to
terrestrial fish.

The good news for the question of the origin of life is that there
would be a delay of a couple of billion years before the first surface
oxygen reached the ocean. Without that delay, the first pre-biotic
chemistry and the first primitive organic structures would be
disrupted by oxidation. Oxidation is a hazard unless organisms have
evolved protection from its damaging effects. A similar delay in the
production of oxygen on Earth was probably essential for allowing life
to get started here.

Richard Greenberg is the author of the recent book "Unmasking Europa:
The Search for Life on Jupiter's Ocean Moon", which offers a
comprehensive picture of Europa for the general reader.

Cassini Significant Events
for 09/30/09 - 10/06/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired
on Oct. 6 from the Deep Space Network tracking
complex at Madrid, Spain. The Cassini spacecraft
is in an excellent state of health and all
subsystems are operating normally. Information on
the present position and speed of the Cassini
spacecraft may be found on the "Present Position"
page at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm


Wednesday, Sept. 30 (DOY 273):

An encounter strategy meeting was held today to
cover the period between Oct. 12 and Nov. 7,
Titan flyby T62, Enceladus flyby E7, and maneuvers 218-220.

The final numbers for the U.S. edition of the
Fall 2009 Cassini Scientist for a Day essay contest are in:
U.S. entries: 330 essays
Number of U.S. students: 372
Number of teachers: 41
Number of U.S. states: 19 plus Puerto Rico --
including Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming for the first time
Number of homeschooled students: 8

Most international deadlines are in late October,
so in a month or so Outreach will have a sense of
how many students participated internationally.

Thursday, Oct. 1 (DOY 274):

S54 sequence leads have cancelled the Go/No-go
meeting scheduled for Friday as part of the
development process for the DOY 286 Rhea, Tethys,
Mimas, Enceladus live update. Instrument teams
have agreed that vectors for Rhea, Tethys and
Enceladus need to be updated. The vector files
will be prepared by AACS, with the merged
products released by Monday, Oct. 5. Teams then
have until Oct. 7 to review the products. Uplink
is planned for Friday, Oct 9.

Friday, Oct. 2 (DOY 275):

Today the Titan Orbiter Science Team hosted a
Titan T62-T70 preview. This meeting is a forum
for all instrument teams to present what unique
science will be obtained for each of the flybys
and what observations will be performed.

Monday, Oct. 5 (DOY 278)

The backup inertial reference unit (IRU-B) on
board Cassini was calibrated on Oct. 4. This was
the yearly checkout, with IRU-B made prime for
the duration of the calibration turns. The
results indicated continued proper performance.

The S53 sequence concluded and S54 began
execution today at 2009-278T04:03:00 SCET. The
sequence will run for 39 days and conclude on
November 13. During that time there will be two
targeted encounters, one of Titan, one of
Enceladus, and ten non-targeted flybys - Rhea on
DOY 286, Methone, Atlas, Calypso, Mimas, and
Tethys on DOY 287, Titan on DOY 305, Pallene,
Epimetheus, and Calypso on DOY 306. Six OTMs are
scheduled, numbered 217 through 222.

Science at the top of the sequence begins with a
Magnetospheric segment that will run for almost
seven days and contain some high priority
combined Magnetospheric and Plasma
Science/Optical Remote Sensing auroral
observations, and a Magnetometer calibration
roll on DOY 281.

Tuesday, Oct. 6 (DOY 279)
The Navigation team has completed an in-depth
analysis of the reference trajectory selected at
the June Project Science Group meeting and is
issuing an update. No major design changes or
tweaks have been made - this update is primarily
due to more sophisticated analyses, e.g. mostly
small adjustments to maneuver locations and
updated satellite ephemerides. Timing
differences are expected to be minor.

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/flybys/titan20091012/

Cassini
Titan Flyby
October 12,2009

T-62: Studying Titan's Atmosphere and Retuning to the Plane

Studying Titan's clouds and atmosphere in the south, the Ultraviolet
Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) and the Visible and Infrared Mapping
Spectrometer (VIMS) observe the sun's light as it passes behind Titan.

This flyby also marks Cassini's return to a more equatorial orbit,
setting up the spacecraft for future close encounters with icy moons.

Titan Flyby
Oct. 12, 2009 (SCET)

*Altitude*
1300 kilometers (808 miles)

*Speed*
6.0 km/sec (13,400 mph)

*Details*
+ Mission Description PDF (535 KB)
<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/files/20091012_titan_mission_description.pdf>

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=2337

Cassini Data Help Redraw Shape of Solar System
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
October 15, 2009

Images from the Ion and Neutral Camera on NASA's Cassini spacecraft
suggest that the heliosphere, the region of the sun's influence, may not
have the comet-like shape predicted by existing models. In a paper
published Oct. 15 in Science Express, researchers from the Johns Hopkins
Applied Physics Laboratory present a new view of the heliosphere, and
the forces that shape it.

"These images have revolutionized what we thought we knew for the past
50 years; the sun travels through the galaxy not like a comet but more
like a big, round bubble," said Stamatios Krimigis of the Applied
Physics Lab, in Laurel, Md., principal investigator for Cassini's
Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument which carries the Ion and Neutral
Camera. "It's amazing how a single new observation can change an entire
concept that most scientists had taken as true for nearly fifty years."

As the solar wind flows from the sun, it carves out a bubble in the
interstellar medium. Models of the boundary region between the
heliosphere and interstellar medium have been based on the assumption
that the relative flow of the interstellar medium and its collision with
the solar wind dominate the interaction. This would create a
foreshortened "nose" in the direction of the solar system's motion, and
an elongated "tail" in the opposite direction.

The Ion and Neutral Camera images suggest that the solar wind's
interaction with the interstellar medium is instead more significantly
controlled by particle pressure and magnetic field energy density.

"The map we've created from the images suggests that pressure from a hot
population of charged particles and interaction with the interstellar
medium's magnetic field strongly influence the shape of the
heliosphere," says Don Mitchell, Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument/Ion
and Neutral Camera co-investigator at the Applied Physics Lab.

Since entering into orbit around Saturn in July of 2004, the Ion and
Neutral Camera has been mapping energetic neutral atoms near the planet,
as well as their dispersal across the entire sky. The energetic neutral
atoms are produced by energetic protons, which are responsible for the
outward pressure of the heliosphere beyond the interface where the solar
wind collides with the interstellar medium, and which interact with the
magnetic field of the interstellar medium.

"Energetic neutral atom imaging has demonstrated its power to reveal the
distribution of energetic ions, first in Earth's own magnetosphere, next
in the giant magnetosphere of Saturn and now throughout vast structures
in space-out to the very edge of our sun's interaction with the
interstellar medium," says Edmond C. Roelof, Magnetospheric Imaging
Instrument co-investigator at the Applied Physics Lab.

The results from Cassini complement and extend findings from NASA's
Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, spacecraft. Data from IBEX and
Cassini have made it possible for scientists to construct the first
comprehensive sky map of our solar system and its location in the Milky
Way galaxy.

Researchers from University of Arizona, Tucson; Southwest Research
Institute, San Antonio; and University of Texas at San Antonio
contributed to the article. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative
project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency.
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of
Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's
Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter was
designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The Magnetospheric Imaging
Instrument was developed by the Applied Physics Laboratory.

More information on the Cassini mission is available at:
http://www.nasa.gov/cassini, http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov
<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov> and on the Magnetospheric Imaging
Instrument Web site at http://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/CASSINI/ .

More information on the Interstellar Boundary Explorer is available at:
http://www.nasa.gov/ibex

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=2338

Galileo's Jupiter Journey Began Two Decades Ago
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
October 16, 2009

--Launch: Oct. 18, 1989, from Kennedy Space Center, Fla., on space
shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-34
--Arrival in orbit around Jupiter: Dec. 7, 1995
--VEEGA (Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist) is the acronym mission
planners gave for Galileo's flight path through the inner solar system
--Observed impacts of fragments from comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 into Jupiter
--Approximate number of people (from around the world) who worked on the
Galileo mission: 800
--More than 100 scientists from United States, Great Britain, Germany,
France, Canada and Sweden carried out Galileo's experiments

PASADENA, Calif. - NASA's Galileo spacecraft began what would become a
14-year odyssey of exploration 20 years ago this Sunday, Oct. 18.
Galileo was humanity's first emissary to orbit a planet in the outer
solar system - Jupiter.

Galileo was launched into space aboard the space shuttle Atlantis on
Oct. 18, 1989, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The crew of Atlantis
deployed Galileo out of the shuttle's cargo bay only hours after launch.
Then, a little over seven hours after leaving Earth, Galileo was
propelled onto its interplanetary flight path by a two-stage, solid-fuel
motor called an Inertial Upper Stage. Although earlier plans called for
Galileo to use a more powerful upper stage so that it could fly directly
to Jupiter, the final flight took it by other planets first so that it
could gain energy from the gravity of each. Galileo flew past Venus on
Feb. 10, 1990, and then twice past Earth -- once on Dec. 8, 1990, and
again on Dec. 8, 1992.

Even before its arrival at Jupiter in 1995, Galileo was making
groundbreaking discoveries. On Oct. 29, 1991, the spacecraft flew past
asteroid Gaspra - sending back the first close up images of one of these
celestial wanderers. Then on Aug. 28, 1993, Galileo encountered the
15.2-kilometer-wide (9.4-mile) asteroid Ida, where it took the first
images of an asteroid and discovered the first asteroid moon, the
1.6-kilometer-wide (1-mile) Dactyl. During the latter part of its
interplanetary cruise, Galileo was used to observe the collisions of
fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy with Jupiter in July 1994.

Galileo arrived at Jupiter on Dec. 7, 1995, entering orbit and dropping
a probe into the giant planet's atmosphere. The probe's velocity as it
entered Jupiter's atmosphere was a blistering 47.6 kilometers per second
(106,500 miles per hour). After the atmospheric drag and a deployed
parachute slowed its descent rate, the probe relayed to Galileo the
first in-place studies of Jupiter's clouds and winds, furthering
scientists' understanding of how the gas giant evolved. The probe also
made composition measurements designed to assess the degree of evolution
of Jupiter compared to the sun.

While the descent of the probe was a highlight of Galileo's mission, it
was hardly the only one. Galileo extensively investigated the geologic
diversity of Jupiter's four largest moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Io and
Europa. It found that Io's extensive volcanic activity is 100 times
greater than that found on Earth. Galileo discovered strong evidence
that Jupiter's moon Europa has a melted saltwater ocean under an ice
layer on its surface. Scientists estimate such an ocean could be up to
100 kilometers (62 miles) deep underneath its frozen surface and contain
about twice as much water as all of Earth's oceans. Data showed moons
Ganymede and Callisto may also have a liquid-saltwater layer. The
biggest discovery surrounding Ganymede was the presence of a magnetic
field. No other moon of any planet is known to have one.

When Galileo turned its instruments towards the giant gas world itself,
the spacecraft made the first observations of ammonia clouds in another
planet's atmosphere. It also observed numerous thunderstorms on Jupiter
many times larger than those on Earth, with lightning strikes up to
1,000 times more powerful than on Earth. It was the first spacecraft to
dwell in a giant planet's magnetosphere long enough to identify its
global structure and to investigate the dynamics of Jupiter's magnetic
field. Galileo determined that Jupiter's ring system is formed by dust
kicked up as interplanetary meteoroids smash into the planet's four
small inner moons. Galileo data showed that Jupiter's outermost ring is
actually two rings, one embedded within the other.

Having traveled approximately 4.6 billion kilometers (about 2.8 billion
miles), the hardy spacecraft endured more than four times the cumulative
dose of harmful Jovian radiation it was designed to withstand -- and
still major systems functioned. But while it was still enjoying
relatively good health, the spacecraft's propellant was low. Without
propellant, Galileo would not be able to point its antenna toward Earth
or adjust its trajectory, so controlling the spacecraft would no longer
be possible. Mission managers at NASA and JPL decided to place their
resilient Jovian explorer on a collision course with Jupiter to
eliminate any chance of an unwanted impact between the spacecraft and
Europa. The possibility of life existing on Europa is so compelling and
has raised so many unanswered questions that it is prompting plans for
future spacecraft to return to the icy moon.

The Galileo spacecraft's 14-year odyssey came to an end on Sunday, Sept.
21, 2003, when the spacecraft passed into Jupiter's shadow, then
disintegrated in the planet's dense atmosphere at 11:57 a.m. Pacific
Daylight Time. Its entry speed was 48.2 kilometers per second (nearly
108,000 miles per hour). That is the equivalent of traveling from Los
Angeles to New York City in 82 seconds.

JPL's Deep Space Network tracking station in Goldstone, Calif., received
the last signal at 12:43:14 PDT, 46 minutes after it was sent. The delay
is due to the time it takes for the signal to travel to Earth. Hundreds
of former Galileo project members and their families were present at JPL
for a celebration to bid the spacecraft goodbye.

Galileo project scientist Torrence Johnson said at the time, "We haven't
lost a spacecraft, we've gained a steppingstone into the future of space
exploration."

JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,
managed the Galileo mission for NASA. JPL designed and built the Galileo
orbiter, and operated the mission.

Additional information about the Galileo mission and its discoveries is
available online at: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo-legacy and
http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov .

Cassini Significant Events
for 10/07/09 - 10/13/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired on Oct. 13 from the
Deep Space Network tracking complex at Madrid, Spain.  The Cassini
spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and all subsystems are
operating normally. Information on the present position and speed of
the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the "Present Position" page
at: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm.

Wednesday, Oct. 7 (DOY 280):

The Science Operations Plan process for S59 kicked off today. The
first delivery port for this sequence will not occur until Nov. 9,
after the flight team has had a chance to review the results of the
Enceladus 7 flyby, and determine if E9, occurring within S59, will
use reaction wheels or thrusters.  In order to prevent a delay in
development, two versions of the flyby sequence have been developed,
one on wheels, and one on thrusters. Only one of these will proceed
past port 1.

Thursday, Oct. 8 (DOY 281):

An Instrument Operations Working Group meeting was held today to
brief instrument personnel on various topics. This particular
presentation was aimed at the Operations Team Leads and engineers
responsible for telemetry processing.   In addition, a demonstration
was given on the new MPS editor, the SEQGEN GUI on Solaris 10.

Friday, Oct. 9 (DOY 282):

Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM) #217 was performed today.  This was the
approach maneuver setting up for the Titan 62 encounter on Oct. 12.
The Reaction Control Subsystem burn began at 5:30 AM PDT. Telemetry
immediately after the maneuver showed the burn duration was 130.13
seconds, giving a delta-V of 0.15 m/s. All subsystems reported
nominal performance after the maneuver.

The S54 DOY-286 Live Inertial Vector Propagator update for Rhea,
Tethys, and Enceladus was uplinked on today at 17:27:51 UTC.
Radiation was nominal, and it has been confirmed as registered
onboard.

Saturday, Oct. 10 (DOY 283):

Today the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) measured oxygen
compounds, both H2O and CO2, in Saturn's stratosphere as a function
of latitude. Afterwards the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer concluded its
solar wind-aurora campaign with a final 3-hour observation. The day
finished with data collection for the bi-annual Scientist for a Day
outreach activity.  The spacecraft obtained images of three possible
targets, Saturn and the rings, Tethys with Saturn's rings, and Titan.
The data will be returned to Earth on the next downlink. After
reviewing essays submitted by participating students, winners will be
selected and the results presented at a live teleconference on Oct.
20.

Monday, Oct. 12 (DOY 285)

Monday was a very busy day for those involved in sequence
development.  As part of the ongoing Science Operations Plan (SOP)
processes, a port 3 delivery was due today for S57, and a port 2
delivery for S58.  Last Friday Science Planners handed off all
products for S56 to Uplink Operations for the final development
process. Tomorrow a kick off meeting for that process will be held.

The main engine cover was closed/deployed today for dust hazard
avoidance. It will be opened/stowed again on Oct. 14.  This is the
51st in-flight cycle for the cover.

On Oct. 12, Cassini flew by Titan at an altitude of 1300 km and a
speed of 6 kilometers per second. Closest approach for T62 occurred
at 3:02 AM PDT, latitude 64 degrees S. This flyby marked Cassini's
return to more nearly equatorial orbits, setting up the spacecraft
for future close encounters with icy moons.

For T62, the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) performed a
self-calibrating solar occultation observation; the information came
from a ratio of signal during occultation to signal of the unocculted
sun or star just before and after occultation.

Solar occultations by Titan are the most valuable Titan observations
for UVIS. They provide detailed vertical profiles of N, N2, and some
hydrocarbons to more than 3000 km altitude.  Solar occultation
measurements give a measure of the density profile of the main
constituents of the atmosphere, and the rate of change of the N2
density with altitude gives information on the temperature.

UVIS also conducted Extreme Ultraviolet and Far Ultraviolet
observations during this flyby. These observations give information
on airglow, hydrocarbon absorptions, haze and optical properties
globally, but with lower vertical resolution.

   The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed the
formation, evolution, and decay of clouds, particularly mid-latitude
and equatorial clouds. In ride-along mode, a solar occultation
provided information on the vertical structure and composition of
Titan's atmosphere and haze layer. VIMS also obtained a global map of
the western region of Senkyo.

CIRS carried out far-infrared limb sounding at 70 and 75 degrees
latitude South to collect information on the atmospheric temperature,
aerosols, and composition.  ISS acquired a full-disk mosaic of
western Senkyo at low phase angles, and rode along with VIMS to
monitor clouds.

T62 was a south polar, post-dusk flyby.  Magnetometer (MAG)
measurements provided a description of the draping and the pileup of
the external magnetic field around Titan near the terminator.  This
will be a good complement to the data set acquired at T52-T61 and be
used to characterize the background field for a similar local time
with respect to Saturn and different SKR longitudes.

Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) measured thermal plasmas in
Titan's ionosphere and surrounding environment; searched for
lightning in Titan's atmosphere, and investigated the interaction of
Titan with Saturn's magnetosphere.

Tuesday, Oct. 13 (DOY 286)

A non-targeted flyby of Rhea occurred today.

The topic at the Mission Planning Forum today was Y-thruster bias
plans and strategies.  In recent weeks the project has studied the
options and met to review implementing reaction wheel biases using
the Y-facing thrusters with S60 as the target start sequence. These
new biases will be performed after the spacecraft turns to the
delta-momentum vector. This saves hydrazine, and uses the Y-thrusters
rather than the Z-thrusters, which will better balance the hydrazine
throughput between the Y and Z thrusters, and therefore perhaps a
longer life span for the B-branch thrusters. After studying various
options, a final plan has been achieved, and was presented along with
implementation specifics and details on what flexibilities exist for
integration.

Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more information about the
Cassini Project: <http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/>
    ------------------------

Welcome to the Space Calendar!

This Space Calendar covers space-related activities and anniversaries
for the upcoming year.  It is also available on the web at:

      http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/calendar/

The web version of the Space Calendar includes over 1,800 links to related
home pages.

This calendar is compiled and maintained by Ron Baalke.  Please send any
updates or corrections to ron@....  Note that launch dates
are subject to change at any time.  Also, note that anniversary dates are
listed in 5 year increments only.

The following people have contributed to this month's calendar:

o Dieter Kaemmer, Vicky Barlow, Marc Rayman, Patrick Schmeer


                           =========================
                                SPACE CALENDAR
                               October 26, 2009
                           =========================

* indicates changes from last month's calendar.

October 2009
* Oct 26 - Asteroid 2009 UN1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.073 AU)
   Oct 26 - Asteroid 7495 Feynman Closest Approach To Earth (1.895 AU)
   Oct 27 - Ares I-X Test Flight
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 433 Eros Occults TYC 0546-01851-1 (9.6 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 2062 Aten Closest Approach To Earth (0.840 AU)
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 7536 Fahrenheit Closest Approach To Earth (1.920 AU)
* Oct 27 - Asteroid 1958 Chandra Closest Approach To Earth (2.086 AU)
   Oct 28 - Comet 157P/Tritton Closest Approach To Earth (0.975 AU)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 1281 Jeanne Occults HIP 56775 (6.3 Magnitude Star)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 2008 UC202 Near-Earth Flyby (0.076 AU)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 9618 Johncleese Closest Approach To Earth (1.145 AU)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 3420 Standish Closest Approach To Earth (2.305 AU)
   Oct 28 - 35th Anniverary (1974), Luna 23 Launch (USSR Moon Lander)
* Oct 29 - NSS-12/Thor 6 Ariane 5ECA Launch
* Oct 29 - Cosmos-Glonass M21,M22 & M23 Proton M-DM2 Launch
   Oct 29 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #220 (OTM-220)
* Oct 30 - Asteroid 2009 UR5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.040 AU)
* Oct 30 - Asteroid 2009 TQ8 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Oct 30 - Asteroid 25930 Spielberg Closest Approach To Earth (1.288 AU)
   Oct 30 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Discovery of the Los Angeles Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)

November 2009
   Nov ?? - Gonets D1 M2-M4 Rocket KM Launch
   Nov ?? - Cosmos-Garpun N-1Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Nov ?? - HealthSat (G-Sat 4)/Tauvex GSLV Launch
   Nov 01 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Back 1 Hour (United States)
* Nov 01 - Comet P/2009 S1 (Gibbs) Closest Approach To Earth (1.674 AU)
   Nov 01 - Asteroid 20734 (1999 XA169) Occults HIP 9572 (5.9 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 01 - Asteroid 19774 (2000 OS51) Occults HIP 2213 (6.4 Magnitude Star)
* Nov 01 - Asteroid 2009 UK14 Near-Earth Flyby (0.023 AU)
   Nov 01 - 15th Anniversary (1994), Wind Launch
   Nov 02 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
   Nov 02 - SMOS/Proba 2 Rokot KM Launch
   Nov 02 - Asteroid 2006 JY26 Near-Earth Flyby (0.017 AU)
   Nov 02 - Asteroid 2000 VZ44 Near-Earth Flyby (0.070 AU)
   Nov 03 - Taurids Meteor Shower Peak
* Nov 03 - Asteroid 3766 Junepatterson Occults HIP 103703 (6.1 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 03 - Asteroid 2874 Jim Young  Closest Approach To Earth (0.954 AU)
   Nov 03 - Asteroid 32096 Puckett Closest Approach To Earth (1.521 AU)
   Nov 03 - Asteroid 2069 Hubble Closest Approach To Earth (1.971 AU)
   Nov 04 - Asteroid 217807 (2000 XK44) Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Nov 05 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #221 (OTM-221)
   Nov 05 - Asteroid 17058 Rocknroll Closest Approach To Earth (1.470 AU)
   Nov 05 - Asteroid 7861 Messenger Closest Approach To Earth (1.562 AU)
* Nov 06 - Asteroid 485 Genua Occults HIP 7632 (6.9 Magnitude Star)
* Nov 06 - Asteroid 2009 UH14 Near-Earth Flyby (0.035 AU)
   Nov 07 - Asteroid 2006 WV1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.078 AU)
   Nov 08 - Comet 14P/Wolf Closest Approach To Earth (2.217 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 2002 KM3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.078 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 3753 Cruithne Closest Approach To Earth (0.409 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 18725 Atacama Closest Approach To Earth (1.471 AU)
   Nov 08 - Asteroid 1677 Tycho Brahe Closest Approach To Earth (1.684 AU)
* Nov 09 - Asteroid 278 Paulina Occults HIP 22743 (6.7 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 09 - Asteroid 2007 JB21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.056 AU)
* Nov 09 - Asteroid 2009 TA1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.096 AU)
   Nov 09 - Asteroid 9249 Yen Closest Approach To Earth (1.448 AU)
   Nov 09 - Carl Sagan's 75th Birthday (1934)
   Nov 10 - Progress M-SO-2 Soyuz FG Launch (International Space Station 5R)
   Nov 10 - Comet 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson Closest Approach To Earth (2.262 AU)
* Nov 10 - Asteroid 7585 (1991 PK8) Occults HIP 16852 (4.3 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 10 - Asteroid 2200 Pasadena Closest Approach To Earth (1.715 AU)
   Nov 11 - Rosetta, 3rd Earth Gravity Assist
* Nov 11 - Comet P/2009 T2 (La Sagra) Closest Approach To Earth (0.940 AU)
* Nov 11 - Asteroid 2009 UP1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.075 AU)
   Nov 12 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #222 (OTM-222)
* Nov 12 - Asteroid 2009 UD19 Near-Earth Flyby (0.061 AU)
   Nov 12 - Audouin  Dollfus' 85th Birthday (1924)
* Nov 13 - Dawn Enters the Asteroid Belt
   Nov 13 - Asteroid 11365 NASA Closest Approach To Earth (0.885 AU)
   Nov 13 - Asteroid 2410 Morrison Closest Approach To Earth (1.330 AU)
* Nov 14 - Intelsat 14 Atlas 5 Launch
   Nov 14 - Lotus S N1 Soyuz U Launch
   Nov 14 - Comet C/2009 F2 (McNaught) Perihelion (5.875 AU)
   Nov 14 - Asteroid 9860 Archaeopteryx Closest Approach To Earth (2.249 AU)
   Nov 14 - 40th Anniversary (1969), Apollo 12 Launch (Manned Moon Mission)
* Nov 15 - Eutelsat W7 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Nov 15 - Asteroid 2004 PZ19 Near-Ceres Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Nov 15 - 5th Anniversary (2004), SMART-1, Moon Orbit Insertion
* Nov 16 - STS-129 Launch, Space Shuttle Discovery (International Space Station)
* Nov 16 - Comet 227P/Catalina-LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (1.999 AU)
* Nov 16 - Comet P/2009 U2 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (3.116 AU)
   Nov 16 - Comet C/2008 S3 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (7.734 AU)
   Nov 16 - Asteroid 7328 Casanova Closest Approach To Earth (1.452 AU)
   Nov 16 - Kuiper Belt Object 90377 Sedna Closest Approach To Earth (86.685 AU)
   Nov 17 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #223 (OTM-223)
   Nov 17 - Leonids Meteor Shower Peak
* Nov 17 - Comet C/2009 T3 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (1.390 AU)
* Nov 17 - Asteroid 4489 (1988 AK) Occults HIP 3505 (5.2 Magnitude Star)
* Nov 17 - Asteroid 2009 UF2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.071 AU)
   Nov 17 - Asteroid 9950 ESA Closest Approach To Earth (0.944 AU)
* Nov 18 - Asteroid 2190 Coubertin Occults HIP 30570 (6.0 Magnitude Star)
* Nov 18 - Asteroid 313 Chaldaea Occults HIP 32226 (5.9 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 18 - Asteroid 202683 (2006 US216) Near-Earth Flyby (0.057 AU)
   Nov 18 - 20th Anniversary (1989), COBE Launch
* Nov 19 - Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS-3) F-3 Delta 4M Launch
   Nov 19 - Comet Wilson-Harrington Closest Approach To Earth (0.379 AU)
* Nov 19 - Comet C/2009 Q4 (Boattini) Perihelion (1.321 AU)
   Nov 19 - Asteroid 2246 Bowell Closest Approach To Earth (3.132 AU)
   Nov 20 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Swift Launch
   Nov 20 - Edwin Hubble's 120th Birthday (1889)
   Nov 21 - Cassini, Enceladus & Rhea Flyby
   Nov 21 - Comet C/2009 F1 (Larson) Closest Approach To Earth (1.646 AU)
* Nov 21 - Asteroid 194 Prokne Occults HIP 54857 (6.8 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 21 - Asteroid 1815 Beethoven Closest Approach To Earth (1.769 AU)
   Nov 21 - Asteroid 3581 Alvarez Closest Approach To Earth (1.871 AU)
   Nov 21 - Asteroid 12002 Sues Closest Approach To Earth (2.099 AU)
   Nov 22 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #224 (OTM-224)
   Nov 22 - Asteroid 1998 VF32 Near-Earth Flyby (0.043 AU
* Nov 22 - Asteroid 2009 TK12 Near-Earth Flyby (0.069 AU)
   Nov 23 - Asteroid 2004 XJ Near-Earth Flyby (0.090 AU)
* Nov 23 - Asteroid 2097 Galle Closest Approach To Earth (1.827 AU)
   Nov 24 - Asteroid 4305 Clapton Closest Approach To Earth (1.911 AU)
   Nov 25 - Comet C/2007 VO53 (Spacewatch) Closest Approach To Earth (4.499 AU)
   Nov 25 - Asteroid 3353 Jarvis Closest Approach To Earth (1.000 AU)
* Nov 25 - Asteroid 2975 Spahr Closest Approach To Earth (1.395 AU)
   Nov 25 - Asteroid 67 Asia Closest Approach To Earth (1.597 AU)
* Nov 26 - Asteroid 6156 Dall Occults HIP 107596 (6.2 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 26 - Asteroid 149244 Kriegh Closest Approach To Earth (1.418 AU)
   Nov 26 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Galileo Io 25 Flyby
   Nov 26 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Discovery of SAU 005 & 008 (Mars Meteorites)
   Nov 27 - Comet P/2003 A1 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (1.691 AU)
* Nov 27 - Comet C/2009 T1 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (6.034 AU)
   Nov 27 - Asteroid 2791 Paradise Closest Approach To Earth (1.517 AU)
   Nov 28 - Comet 54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT Perihelion (2.172 AU)
* Nov 28 - Asteroid 433 Eros Occults TYC 0562-01167-1 (10.4 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 28 - 45th Anniversary (1964), Mariner 4 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)
* Nov 29 - Inaugural Falcon 9 Test Launch
   Nov 29 - MESSENGER, Deep Space Maneuver 5 (DSM-5)
   Nov 29 - Asteroid 6469 Armstrong Closest Approach To Earth (1.417 AU)
   Nov 29 - Asteroid 5451 Plato Closest Approach To Earth (1.891 AU)
* Nov 30 - Intelsat 15 Zenit 3SLB Launch
   Nov 30 - Comet 169P/NEAT Perihelion (0.608 AU)
   Nov 30 - Asteroid 2005 XC1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.077 AU)
   Nov 30 - 55th Anniversary (1954), Sylacauga Meteorite Fall (Hit Woman)

December 2009
   Dec ?? - TacSat 4 Minotaur 4 Launch
   Dec ?? - Ofeq 8 Shavit 2 Launch (Israel)
* Dec ?? - Shi Jian 9 CZ-2D2 Launch (China)
* Dec ?? - TanDEM-X Dnepr 1 Launch
* Dec ?? - Cartosat 2B/Jugnu PSLV-C15 Launch
   Dec 01 - Asteroid 2006 WQ127 Near-Earth Flyby (0.037 AU)
   Dec 02 - Asteroid 9951 Tyrannosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.688 AU)
* Dec 02 - Asteroid 1981 Midas Closest Approach To Earth (2.227 AU)
   Dec 02 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Pioneer 11, Jupiter Flyby
   Dec 03 - Kuiper Belt Object 19521 Chaos Closest Approach To Earth (40.745 AU)
   Dec 03 - 105th Anniversary (1904), Charles Perrine's Discovery of Himalia
(Jupiter Moon)
   Dec 04 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #225 (OTM-225)
   Dec 04 - Asteroid 3905 Doppler Closest Approach To Earth (0.978 AU)
   Dec 04 - Asteroid 31664 Randiiwessen Closest Approach To Earth (1.746 AU)
   Dec 04 - 50th Anniversary (1959), Little Joe 2 Launch (Monkey "Sam")
   Dec 05 - Comet 203P/Korlevic Closest Approach To Earth (2.217 AU)
   Dec 05 - Asteroid 3728 IRAS Closest Approach To Earth (1.252 AU)
   Dec 06 - Comet 137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2 Closest Approach To Earth (1.727 AU)
   Dec 06 - Comet 100P/Hartley Perihelion (1.982 AU)
* Dec 06 - Asteroid 7046 Reshetnev Occults HIP 7447 (6.0 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 07 - Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Delta 2 Launch
   Dec 07 - Asteroid 2002 XN14 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Dec 07 - Asteroid 1198 Atlantis Closest Approach To Earth (1.192 AU)
   Dec 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 2004 XR190 Closest Approach To Earth (57.011 AU)
   Dec 08 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #226 (OTM-226)
* Dec 08 - Comet C/2009 U3 (Hill) Closest Approach To Earth (1.117 AU)
   Dec 08 - Asteroid 2829 Bobhope Closest Approach To Earth (2.494 AU)
   Dec 09 - Cassini, Distant Helene Flyby
   Dec 09 - Comet P/2008 J3 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (2.138 AU)
   Dec 09 - Comet 200P/Larsen Closest Approach To Earth (3.103 AU)
   Dec 09 - Asteroid 19 Fortuna At Opposition (9.3 Magnitude)
* Dec 09 - Asteroid 2825 Crosby Closest Approach To Earth (0.912 AU)
   Dec 09 - Asteroid 2309 Mr. Spock Closest Approach To Earth (1.802 AU)
   Dec 10 - Helios 2 Ariane 5 Launch
* Dec 10 - Comet C/2009 U1 (Garradd) Closest Approach To Earth (3.043 AU)
   Dec 10 - Asteroid 9965 GNU Closest Approach To Earth (1.854 AU)
   Dec 10 - Asteroid 334 Chicago Closest Approach To Earth (2.987 AU)
   Dec 10 - 10th Anniversary (1999), X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton)
Launch
   Dec 10 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Claxton Meteorite Fall (Hit Mailbox)
   Dec 10 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Helios 1 Launch (Solar Orbiter)
   Dec 11 - Asteroid 3767 DiMaggio Closest Approach To Earth (1.805 AU)
   Dec 12 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
* Dec 12 - Comet 226P/Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski Closest Approach To Earth (2.060
AU)
   Dec 13 - Geminids Meteor Shower Peak
* Dec 13 - Asteroid 7754 Gopalan Occults HIP 13327 (5.5 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 13 - Asteroid 9349 Lucas Closest Approach To Earth (1.421 AU)
   Dec 13 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Cassini, 2nd Titan Flyby
   Dec 13 - Sir William Hunter McCrea's 105th Birthday (1904)
* Dec 14 - Asteroid 128 Nemesis Closest Approach To Earth (1.598 AU)
   Dec 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #227 (OTM-227)
   Dec 15 - Comet 220P/McNaught Perihelion (1.549 AU)
* Dec 15 - Asteroid 1745 Ferguson Occults HIP 34351 (6.8 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 15 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Vega 1 Launch (Soviet Venus/Comet Halley
Mission)
   Dec 16 - 15th Anniversary (1994), Discovery of QUE 94201 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
* Dec 17 - Asteroid 4 Vesta Occults TYC 0845-00848-1 (11.9 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 19 - Asteroid 5841 Stone Closest Approach To Earth (0.942 AU)
* Dec 20 - Soyuz TMA-17 Soyuz FG Launch (International Space Station 21S)
   Dec 20 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #228 (OTM-228)
   Dec 20 - Asteroid 2002 PR1 Near-Ceres Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Dec 20 - Asteroid 3568 ASCII Closest Approach To Earth (2.394 AU)
   Dec 20 - Ames Research Center's 70th Birthday (1939)
   Dec 20 - Mt. Wilson Observatory's 105th Birthday (1904)
   Dec 21 - Winter Solstice (17:47 UT)
   Dec 21 - Comet 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 Closest Approach To Earth (2.624 AU)
   Dec 21 - Asteroid 7000 Curie Closest Approach To Earth (1.361 AU)
   Dec 21 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Vega 2 Launch (Soviet Venus/Comet Halley
Mission)
   Dec 22 - Ursids Meteor Shower Peak
   Dec 22 - Comet 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4 Closest Approach To Earth (1.019 AU)
   Dec 22 - Asteroid 2003 YL118 Near-Earth Flyby (0.034 AU)
   Dec 22 - Asteroid 8084 Dallas Closest Approach To Earth (1.705 AU)
   Dec 23 - Asteroid 64070 NEAT Closest Approach To Earth (1.153 AU)
   Dec 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #229 (OTM-229)
   Dec 24 - Comet P/2003 CP7 (LINEAR-NEAT) Closest Approach To Earth (2.822 AU)
* Dec 24 - Asteroid 224 Oceana Occults HIP 26034 (6.6 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 24 - Asteroid 2007 MK13 Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
* Dec 24 - Asteroid 4547 Massachusetts Closest Approach To Earth (1.603 AU)
   Dec 24 - 30th Anniversary (1979), Inaugural Ariane 1 Launch
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 11 Parthenope At Opposition (9.9 Magnitude)
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 2004 XG29 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 6456 Golombek Closest Approach To Earth (1.968 AU)
   Dec 26 - Cassini, Distant Tethys Flyby
   Dec 26 - Asteroid 2008 YZ32 Near-Earth Flyby (0.055 AU)
   Dec 26 - Asteroid 51829 Williemccool Closest Approach To Earth (1.350 AU)
   Dec 26 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Salyut 4 Launch (USSR Space Station)
   Dec 27 - Comet 30P/Reinmuth 1 Closest Approach To Earth (1.180 AU)
   Dec 27 - Asteroid 2161 Grissom Closest Approach To Earth (1.663 AU)
   Dec 27 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Discovery of ALH84001 (Mars Meteorite)
   Dec 28 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Dec 28 - Asteroid 1998 HE3 Near-Venus Flyby (0.017 AU)
   Dec 28 - Asteroid 324 Bamberga At Opposition (9.8 Magnitude)
   Dec 28 - Maarten Schmidt's 80th Birthday (1929)
* Dec 29 - Asteroid 599 Luisa Occults HIP 26592 (6.6 Magnitude Star)
* Dec 29 - Asteroid 5290 Langevin Occults HIP 20268 (5.8 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 29 - Asteroid 896 Sphinx Closest Approach To Earth (1.649 AU)
   Dec 30 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #230 (OTM-230)
   Dec 31 - Venus, Express, Mars Express, End of Extended Mission
   Dec 31 - Partial Lunar Eclipse
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 2362 Mark Twain Closest Approach To Earth (1.258 AU)
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 7367 Giotto Closest Approach To Earth (2.209 AU)
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 4169 Celsius Closest Approach To Earth (2.216 AU)
   Dec 31 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Cassini, Iapetus Flyby
   Dec 31 - Robert Aiken's 145th Birthday (1864)

January 2010
   Jan ?? - IGS-4A/IGS-4B H-2A Launch
   Jan ?? - Amsat Phase 3E Express Ariane 5 Launch
   Jan ?? - Hausat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jan ?? - X-Sat PSLV Launch
   Jan ?? - SRE-2 PSLV Launch
   Jan ?? - Dragon 1 Falcon 9 Launch
   Jan ?? - ResourceSat 2/YouthSat PSLV Launch (India)
   Jan ?? - Cubesats/PW-Sat 1/Laser Relativity Satellite (LARES) Vega Launch
(Inaugural Vega Launch)
   Jan 01 - Comet C/2009 O4 (Hill) Perihelion (2.564 AU)
   Jan 01 - Asteroid 25143 Itokawa Closest Approach To Earth (0.571 AU)
   Jan 01 - Asteroid 6984 Lewiscarroll Closest Approach To Earth (2.306 AU)
   Jan 02 - Comet 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4 Perihelion (1.984 AU)
   Jan 02 - Asteroid 9342 Carygrant Closest Approach To Earth (1.350 AU)
   Jan 02 - Isaac Asimov's 90th Birthday (1920)
   Jan 02 - Leslie Peltier's 110th Birthday (1900)
   Jan 03 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower Peak
   Jan 03 - Asteroid 6524 Baalke Closest Approach To Earth (1.252 AU)
   Jan 03 - 10th Annivesary (2000), Galileo, Europa 26 Flyby
   Jan 04 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #231 (OTM-231)
   Jan 04 - Earth At Perihelion (0.983 AU From Sun)
* Jan 04 - Asteroid 1461 Jean-Jacques Occults HIP 46938 (6.3 Magnitude Star)
   Jan 05 - Comet 82P/Gehrels 3 Closest Approach To Earth (2.650 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 1069 Planckia Closest Approach To Earth (2.047 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 8000 Isaac Newton Closest Approach To Earth (2.333 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 2404 Antarctica Closest Approach To Earth (2.520 AU)
   Jan 05 - 105th Anniversary (1905), Charles Perrine's Discovery of Jupiter Moon
Elara
   Jan 06 - Comet P/2005 S2 (Skiff) Closest Approach To Earth (6.374 AU)
   Jan 06 - Asteroid 9963 Sandage Closest Approach To Earth (1.473 AU)
* Jan 06 - Asteroid 2305 King Closest Approach To Earth (1.807 AU)
   Jan 06 - Asteroid 3784 Chopin Closest Approach To Earth (2.673 AU)
   Jan 06 - 25th Anniversary (1985), La Criolla Meteorite Fall (Hit House)
   Jan 07 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Sakigake Launch (Japan Comet Halley Mission)
   Jan 07 - 400th Anniversary (1610), Galileo Galilei's Discovery of Jupiter's
Moons
   Jan 08 - Asteroid 2005 YO3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Jan 08 - Asteroid 12382 Niagara Falls Closest Approach To Earth (1.922 AU)
   Jan 09 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #232 (OTM-232)
   Jan 09 - 20th Anniversary (1990), STS-32 Columbia Launch (LDEF Satellite)
   Jan 10 - Asteroid 10221 Kubrick Closest Approach To Earth (1.373 AU)
   Jan 11 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pandora & Methone
* Jan 11 - Comet C/2009 T3 (LINEAR) Perihelion (2.282 AU)
   Jan 12 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jan 12 - Comet 169P/NEAT Near-Earth Flyby (0.194 AU)
* Jan 12 - Comet P/2009 T2 (La Sagra) Perihelion (1.755 AU)
   Jan 12 - Comet 82P/Gehrels 3 Perihelion (3.633 AU)
   Jan 12 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Deep Impact Delta 2 Launch,
   Jan 12 - Royal Astronomical Society's 190th Birthday (1820)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 9885 Linux Closest Approach To Earth (1.237 AU)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 3350 Scobee Closest Approach To Earth (1.715 AU)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 2421 Nininger Closest Approach To Earth (2.334 AU)
   Jan 13 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Discovery of EETA 79001 (Mars Meteorite)
   Jan 14 - Asteroid 1134 Kepler Closest Approach To Earth (2.444 AU)
   Jan 14 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Huygens Probe, Titan Landing
   Jan 15 - Annular Solar Eclipse, Visible in Africa, India & China
   Jan 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #233 (OTM-233)
   Jan 15 - Asteroid 9000 Hal Closest Approach To Earth (1.707 AU)
   Jan 16 - Comet C/2009 Q4 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (0.581 AU)
* Jan 16 - Asteroid 6524 Baalke Occults TYC 0750-00975-1 (10.4 Magnitude Star)
   Jan 16 - Asteroid 29075 (1950 DA) Closest Approach To Earth (0.901 AU)
   Jan 17 - Comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels Closest Approach To Earth (1.822 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 2009 DA43 Near-Earth Flyby (0.092 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 5554 Keesey Closest Approach To Earth (1.235 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 35352 Texas Closest Approach To Earth (1.917 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 13681 Monty Python Closest Approach To Earth (2.194 AU)
   Jan 18 - Asteroid 2008 XM Near-Earth Flyby (0.079 AU)
   Jan 19 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon Janus
   Jan 19 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 2 launch (Unmanned Suborbital Flight)
   Jan 19 - 170th Anniversary (1840), Discovery of Antarctica
   Jan 20 - X-37B OTV-1 Atlas 5 Launch
   Jan 20 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #234 (OTM-234)
   Jan 20 - Asteroid 11714 Mikebrown Closest Approach To Earth (2.347 AU)
   Jan 20 - Buzz Aldrin's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Jan 21 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Little Joe Launch (Miss Sam Monkey)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 2003 BH Near-Earth Flyby (0.091 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 7672 Hawking Closest Approach To Earth (1.226 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 12574 LONEOS Closest Approach To Earth (1.493 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 7231 Porco Closest Approach To Earth (2.390 AU)
   Jan 24 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of Dhofar 019 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Jan 24 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hiten Launch (Japan Moon Orbiter)
   Jan 25 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #235 (OTM-235)
   Jan 25 - Asteroid 9949 Brontosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.357 AU)
   Jan 26 - Asteroid 2198 Ceplecha Closest Approach To Earth (1.490 AU)
   Jan 26 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon
Epimetheus
   Jan 27 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione, Telesto, Methone, Pan & Prometheus
   Jan 27 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (25 Degrees)
   Jan 27 - Asteroid 3768 Monroe Closest Approach To Earth (2.357 AU)
   Jan 28 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jan 28 - Mars Closest Approach To Earth (0.664 AU)
   Jan 28 - Asteroid 14702 Benclark Closest Approach To Earth (2.323 AU)
   Jan 28 - Asteroid 37452 Spirit Closest Approach To Earth (2.830 AU)
   Jan 29 - Mars at Opposition
   Jan 29 - Comet P/1998 VS24 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (3.286 AU)
   Jan 29 - Asteroid 6775 Giorgini Closest Approach To Earth (2.112 AU)
   Jan 30 - Asteroid 2008 CN1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Jan 31 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #236 (OTM-236)
   Jan 31 - Comet 224P/LINEAR-NEAT Perihelion (1.990 AU)

February 2010
   Feb ?? - Cosmo-Skymed 4 Delta 2 Launch
   Feb ?? - GPS 2F-2 Atlas 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - Badr 5 (Arabsat 5B) Ariane 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - TacSat 1 Falcon 1 Launch
   Feb ?? - Astra 3-B Ariane 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - Beidou 2-C (Compass M-2) CZ-3A Launch
   Feb ?? - Prisma/Picard Dnepr 1 Launch
* Feb ?? - COMS 1 Ariane 5 Launch
   Feb 01 - Asteroid 9937 Triceratops Closest Approach To Earth (1.588 AU)
   Feb 02 - Comet C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) Closest Approach To Earth (2.193 AU)
* Feb 03 - Progress M-4M Soyuz U Launch (International Space Station 36P)
   Feb 03 - Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atlas 5 Launch
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 2008 CD119 Near-Earth Flyby (0.072 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 9770 Discovery Closest Approach To Earth (1.167 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 1862 Apollo Closest Approach To Earth (1.306 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 12820 Robinwilliams Closest Approach To Earth (2.009 AU)
   Feb 04 - STS-130 Launch, Space Shuttle Endeavour, Node 3, Cupola,
International Space Station
   Feb 04 - Asteroid 2008 CL20 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Feb 04 - Asteroid 2001 UF18 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.026 AU)
   Feb 06 - Asteroid 2001 SF286 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.036 AU)
   Feb 07 - Comet C/2009 K2 (Catalina) Perihelion (3.246 AU)
   Feb 07 - Asteroid 2099 Opik Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Feb 07 - Asteroid 4701 Milani Closest Approach To Earth (1.795 AU)
   Feb 08 - Comet 203P/Korlevic Perihelion (3.182 AU)
   Feb 08 - Comet 139P/Vaisala-Oterma Closest Approach To Earth (3.377 AU)
   Feb 08 - Asteroid 216 Kleopatra Closest Approach To Earth (1.917 AU)
   Feb 08 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of GRV 99027 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Feb 09 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Galileo, Venus Flyby
   Feb 10 - Comet C/2009 P2 (Boattini) Perihelion (6.544 AU)
   Feb 10 - Asteroid 2008 CQ116 Near-Earth Flyby (0.050 AU)
   Feb 10 - Asteroid 6000 United Nations Closest Approach To Earth (2.018 AU)
   Feb 11 - Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 Closest Approach To Earth (5.207 AU)
   Feb 11 - Asteroid 8952 ODAS Closest Approach To Earth (1.658 AU)
   Feb 11 - Asteroid 48300 Kronk Closest Approach To Earth (2.050 AU)
   Feb 11 - Kuiper Belt Object 55565 (2002 AW197) Closest Approach To Earth
(45.458 AU)
   Feb 11 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Ohsumi Launch (Japan's 1st Satellite)
* Feb 12 - Asteroid 2009 UN3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Feb 12 - Asteroid 17023 Abbott Closest Approach To Earth (1.164 AU)
   Feb 12 - Asteroid 1991 Darwin Closest Approach To Earth (1.721 AU)
   Feb 13 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso & Epimetheus
   Feb 13 - Cassini, Mimas Flyby
   Feb 13 - Asteroid 2001 TE2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Feb 13 - Asteroid 17196 Mastrodemos Closest Approach To Earth (1.653 AU)
   Feb 14 - Chinese New Year
   Feb 14 - Asteroid 1996 BG1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.042 AU)
   Feb 14 - 10th Anniversary (2000), NEAR, Asteroid Eros Orbit Insertion
   Feb 14 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Voyager 1, Family Portrait Images
   Feb 14 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Solar Maximum Mission Launch
   Feb 15 - NROL-29 Atlas 5 Launch
   Feb 17 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Ranger 8 Launch (Moon Impact Mission)
   Feb 18 - Asteroid 2005 YQ96 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.034 AU)
   Feb 18 - Asteroid 2991 Bilbo Closest Approach To Earth (1.760 AU)
   Feb 18 - 80th Anniversary (1930), Clyde Tombaugh's Discovery of Pluto
   Feb 19 - Comet 149P/Mueller 4 Perihelion (2.651 AU)
   Feb 19 - Asteroid 9941 Iguanodo Closest Approach To Earth (1.066 AU)
   Feb 19 - Kuiper Belt Object 90482 Orcus Closest Approach To Earth (46.951 AU)
   Feb 20 - Comet 157P/Tritton Perihelion (1.360 AU)
* Feb 20 - Asteroid 2009 UD2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.038 AU)
   Feb 20 - Asteroid 2002 XY38 Near-Earth Flyby (0.042 AU)
   Feb 20 - Asteroid 17024 Costello Closest Approach To Earth (1.545 AU)
   Feb 21 - Tom Gehrels' 85th Birthday (1925)
   Feb 22 - Comet 81P/Wild 2 Perihelion (1.598 AU)
   Feb 22 - Comet 126P/IRAS Perihelion (1.713 AU)
   Feb 22 - Asteroid 4 Vesta Closest Approach To Earth (1.411 AU)
   Feb 22 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Galileo, Io 27 Flyby
   Feb 23 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #237 (OTM-237)
   Feb 23 - Comet 94P/Russell Closest Approach To Earth (1.275 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 33342 (1998 WT24) Near-Mercury Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 88292 Bora-Bora Closest Approach To Earth (1.790 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 9661 Hohmann Closest Approach To Earth (3.896 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 2009 FY4 Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 3808 Tempel Closest Approach To Earth (0.974 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 99942 Apophis Closest Approach To Earth (1.631 AU)
   Feb 27 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #238 (OTM-238)
* Feb 28 - Cryosat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Feb 28 - Comet P/1999 XN120 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (2.837 AU)

March 2010
   Mar ?? - HJ-1C CZ-2C Launch
   Mar ?? - Unamsat 3 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Mar ?? - Condor E Strela Launch
* Mar ?? - Pleiades 1 Soyuz 2-1b-Fregat Launch
   Mar 01 - Asteroid 2007 EF Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Mar 01 - Asteroid 39382 Opportunity Closest Approach To Earth (2.932 AU)
   Mar 01 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Laques & Lechaceux's Discovery of Saturn
Moon Helene
   Mar 02 - Cassini, Rhea Flyby
   Mar 02 - Comet 65P/Gunn Perihelion (2.440 AU)
   Mar 02 - Asteroid 2001 PT9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.032 AU)
   Mar 02 - Asteroid 18106 Blume Closest Approach To Earth (2.705 AU)
   Mar 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso
   Mar 03 - Cassini, Helene Flyby
   Mar 03 - Asteroid 2742 Gibson Closest Approach To Earth (1.979 AU)
   Mar 03 - Asteroid 11881 Mirstation Closest Approach To Earth (2.115 AU)
* Mar 04 - GOES-P Delta 4M Launch
   Mar 04 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Rosetta, 1st Earth Gravity Assist
   Mar 05 - Comet 219P/LINEAR Perihelion (2.364 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 2008 EY5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 2006 AM4 Near-Mercury (0.043 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 951 Gaspra Closest Approach To Earth (1.507 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 3130 Hillary Closest Approach To Earth (1.959 AU)
   Mar 06 - Asteroid 2006 LD1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Mar 06 - Michelangelo's 535th Birthday (1475)
   Mar 07 - Asteroid 2007 FB Near-Earth Flyby (0.054 AU)
   Mar 07 - Asteroid 30785 Greeley Closest Approach To Earth (1.882 AU)
   Mar 08 - Comet 162P/Siding Spring Perihelion (1.233 AU)
   Mar 08 - Asteroid 4149 Harrison Closest Approach To Earth (1.508 AU)
   Mar 09 - Asteroid 4370 Dickens Closest Approach To Earth (1.597 AU)
   Mar 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #239 (OTM-239)
   Mar 10 - Asteroid 447 Valentine Closest Approach To Earth (2.083 AU)
   Mar 11 - Asteroid 719 Albert Closest Approach To Earth (2.154 AU)
   Mar 11 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Pioneer 5 Launch (Solar Orbiter)
   Mar 12 - Comet C/2009 K3 (Beshore) Closest Approach To Earth (3.744 AU)
   Mar 12 - Simon Newcomb's 175th Birthday (1835)
   Mar 13 - 30th  Anniversary (1980), Pascu/Seidelmann/Baum/Currie's Discovery of
Saturn Moon Calypso
   Mar 13 - Percival Lowell's 155th Birthday (1855)
   Mar 14 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (United States)
   Mar 14 - Comet 202P/Scotti Closest Approach To Earth (2.405 AU)
   Mar 14 - Giovanni Schiaparelli's 175th Birthday (1835)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 2002 AJ129 Near-Mars Flyby (0.041 AU)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 16857 Goodall Closest Approach To Earth (1.312 AU)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 78577 JPL Closest Approach To Earth (1.971 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 2008 JC Near-Venus Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 10799 Yucatan Closest Approach To Earth (1.941 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 7291 Hyakutake Closest Approach To Earth (2.726 AU)
   Mar 16 - Dwarf Planet 136472 Makemake Closest Approach To Earth (51.283 AU)
   Mar 16 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Mariner 10, 3rd Mercury Flyby
   Mar 16 - Caroline Herschel's 260th Birthday (1750)
   Mar 17 - Asteroid 8103 Fermi Closest Approach To Earth (1.931 AU)
   Mar 17 - Asteroid 51824 Mikeanderson Closest Approach To Earth (2.305 AU)
   Mar 17 - Jim Irwin's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Mar 18 - STS-131 Launch, Space Shuttle Atlantis, Multi-Purpose Logistics
Module,
            International Space Station
* Mar 18 - Comet C/2009 U3 (Hill) Perihelion (1.377 AU)
   Mar 18 - Asteroid 1999 MN Near-Mercury Flyby (0.015 AU)
   Mar 18 - Asteroid 6758 Jesseowens Closest Approach To Earth (1.454 AU)
   Mar 18 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Soviet Rocket Launch Explosion (48 Dead)
   Mar 18 - 45th Anniversary (1965), 1st Spacewalk, Leonov On Voskhod 2
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 3356 Resnik Closest Approach To Earth (1.183 AU)
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 6223 Dahl Closest Approach To Earth (2.059 AU)
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 886 Washingtonia Closest Approach To Earth (3.064 AU)
   Mar 19 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hiten, Moon Flyby (Japan)
   Mar 20 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Telesto, Prometheus & Methone
   Mar 20 - Vernal Equinox, 17:32 UT
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 9880 Stegosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.341 AU)
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 4433 Goldstone Closest Approach To Earth (1.742 AU)
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 19367 Pink Floyd Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Mar 21 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pallene & Polydeuces
   Mar 21 - Saturn At Opposition
   Mar 21 - Asteroid 2001 FE7 Near-Earth Flyby (0.078 AU)
   Mar 21 - Asteroid 3656 Hemingway Closest Approach To Earth (1.121 AU)
   Mar 21 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Ranger 9 Launch (Moon Impact Mission)
   Mar 23 - Asteroid 2000 EW70 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Mar 23 - Asteroid 128523 Johnmuir Closest Approach To Earth (1.892 AU)
   Mar 23 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 3 Launch (Virgil Grissom, John Young)
   Mar 24 - Comet C/2009 O2 (Catalina) Perihelion (0.694 AU)
   Mar 24 - Comet 195P/Hill Closest Approach To Earth (4.018 AU)
   Mar 24 - Asteroid 11246 Orvillewright Closest Approach To Earth (1.906 AU)
   Mar 24 - Asteroid 1691 Oort Closest Approach To Earth (2.531 AU)
   Mar 25 - Comet C/2008 N1 (Holmes) Closest Approach To Earth (2.504 AU)
   Mar 25 - Asteroid 3355 Onizuka Closest Approach To Earth (1.218 AU)
* Mar 25 - Asteroid 2187 La Silla Closest Approach To Earth (1.850 AU)
   Mar 25 - Asteroid 1877 Marsden Closest Approach To Earth (3.233 AU)
   Mar 25 - 10th Anniversary (2000), IMAGE Launch
   Mar 25 - 355th Anniversary (1655), Christiaan Huygens' Discovery of Saturn
Moon Titan
   Mar 26 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #240 (OTM-240)
   Mar 26 - Comet C/2009 O2 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (0.808 AU)
   Mar 26 - Comet P/2001 R6 (LINEAR-Skiff) Perihelion (2.179 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 2004 FU162 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 2007 MT20 Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla Closest Approach To Earth (2.190 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 51823 Rickhusband Closest Approach To Earth (2.634 AU)
   Mar 27 - Asteroid 267 Glo Closest Approach To Earth (1.840 AU)
* Mar 27 - Asteroid 2343 Siding Spring Closest Approach To Earth (1.926 AU)
   Mar 28 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (Europe)
   Mar 28 - Comet C/2007 S2 (Lemmon) Closest Approach To Earth (5.368 AU)
   Mar 28 - Asteroid 17744 Jodiefoster Closest Approach To Earth (2.066 AU)
   Mar 29 - Comet 94P/Russell Perihelion (2.240 AU)
   Mar 29 - Asteroid 1225 Ariane Closest Approach To Earth (1.183 AU)
   Mar 29 - Asteroid 5036 Tuttle Closest Approach To Earth (1.612 AU)
* Mar 29 - Asteroid 2929 Harris Closest Approach To Earth (1.945 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 17059 Elvis Closest Approach To Earth (1.615 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 3000 Leonardo Closest Approach To Earth (1.775 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 4957 Brucemurray Closest Approach To Earth (2.083 AU)
   Mar 31 - Comet P/2008 Y3 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (4.266 AU)

April 2010
   Apr ?? - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), End of Primary Mission
   Apr ?? - Cosmos Glonass K1+K2 Soyuz 2 Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Cosmos-Prognoz N11 Proton K-DM2 Launch
   Apr ?? - Dialog 1 Rokot-Briz Launch
   Apr ?? - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), End of Primary Mission
   Apr ?? - Kanopus-V/Belka 2 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Tugsat 1 (Brite-Austria) Dnepr 1 Launch
   Apr ?? - Electro-L Zenit 2-Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Megha-Tropiques PSLV Launch
* Apr ?? - Zohreh 1 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
* Apr ?? - Sich 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Apr 01 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Tiros 1 Launch (1st Weather Satellite)
* Apr 02 - Soyuz TMA-18 Soyuz FG Launch (International Space Station 22S)
   Apr 02 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #241 (OTM-241)
   Apr 02 - Comet 149P/Mueller 4 Closest Approach To Earth (1.802 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 2001 XO88 Near-Vesta Flyby (0.037 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 3949 Mach Closest Approach To Earth (1.138 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 18932 Robinhood Closest Approach To Earth (1.599 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 3351 Smith Closest Approach To Earth (2.857 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 1006 Lagrangea Closest Approach To Earth (3.266 AU)
   Apr 04 - Easter Sunday
   Apr 04 - American Rocket Society's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Apr 05 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Apr 05 - Comet 81P/Wild 2 Closest Approach To Earth (0.673 AU)
   Apr 05 - Asteroid 2009 HE60 Near-Earth Flyby (0.055 AU)
   Apr 05 - Asteroid 1604 Tombaugh Closest Approach To Earth (2.292 AU)
   Apr 05 - 20th Anniversary (1990), 1st Pegasus Rocket Launch
   Apr 06 - Comet P/1999 XB69 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (2.008 AU)
   Apr 06 - Asteroid 2004 ER21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Apr 06 - Asteroid 132524 APL Closest Approach To Earth (1.871 AU)
   Apr 06 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Intelsat 1 Launch (1st Commercial
Communications Satellite)
   Apr 07 - Cassini, Dione Flyby
   Apr 07 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Mimas, Tethys, Calypso, Epimetheus & Janus
   Apr 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 136108 Haumea Closest Approach To Earth (50.125
AU)
   Apr 08 - STS-132 Launch, Space Shuttle Atlantis, International Space Station
   Apr 08 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (19 Degrees)
* Apr 08 - Asteroid 310 Margarita Closest Approach To Earth (1.438 AU)
   Apr 08 - Asteroid 7818 Muirhead Closest Approach To Earth (2.023 AU)
   Apr 08 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon Telesto
   Apr 09 - Comet 211P/Hill Closest Approach To Earth (2.191 AU)
   Apr 09 - Asteroid 2007 TD Near-Venus Flyby (0.038 AU)
   Apr 09 - Asteroid 1034 Mozartia Closest Approach To Earth (1.593 AU)
   Apr 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #242 (OTM-242)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 2004 FG11 Near-Earth Flyby (0.065 AU)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 4238 Audrey Closest Approach To Earth (1.228 AU)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 5682 Beresford Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 2003 TT9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 3162 Nostalgia Closest Approach To Earth (2.404 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 5223 McSween Closest Approach To Earth (2.722 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 4179 Toutatis Closest Approach To Earth (2.873 AU)
   Apr 11 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Apollo 13 Launch
   Apr 12 - Asteroid 17062 Bardot Closest Approach To Earth (2.119 AU)
   Apr 12 - Yuri's Night - World Space Party
   Apr 13 - Comet 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh Closest Approach To Earth (2.670 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 2008 FH Near-Earth Flyby (0.040 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 5203 Pavarotti Closest Approach To Earth (1.307 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 4150 Starr Closest Approach To Earth (1.388 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 2985 Shakespeare Closest Approach To Earth (1.876 AU)
   Apr 13 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Transit 1B Launch (1st Experimental
Navigation Satellite)
   Apr 14 - Comet 173P/Mueller 5 Closest Approach To Earth (4.094 AU)
   Apr 14 - Asteroid 5035 Swift Closest Approach To Earth (1.644 AU)
   Apr 14 - Asteroid 6227 Alanrubin Closest Approach To Earth (2.044 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 2008 CB6 Near-Earth Flyby (0.031 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 2001 QE71 Near-Earth Flyby (0.094 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 7862 Keikonakamura Closest Approach To Earth (2.051 AU)
   Apr 16 - Petrus Apianus' 515th Birthday (1495)
   Apr 17 - Comet C/2009 F2 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (4.982 AU)
   Apr 17 - Asteroid 10051 Albee Closest Approach To Earth (2.115 AU)
   Apr 18 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #243 (OTM-243)
   Apr 18 - Comet C/2009 K5 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (1.264 AU)
   Apr 19 - Comet 30P/Reinmuth 1 Perihelion (1.884 AU)
   Apr 19 - Asteroid 2005 YU55 Near-Earth Flyby (0.014 AU)
   Apr 19 - Asteroid 5891 Gehrig Closest Approach To Earth (1.724 AU)
   Apr 19-25 - Astronomy Week
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 2008 UC202 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 6336 Dodo Closest Approach To Earth (1.708 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 2000 Herschel Closest Approach To Earth (2.039 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 11247 Wilburwright Closest Approach To Earth (2.570 AU)
   Apr 21 - Asteroid 1288 Santa Closest Approach To Earth (2.036 AU)
   Apr 21 - Asteroid 43844 Rowling Closest Approach To Earth (2.173 AU)
   Apr 22 - Lyrids Meteor Shower Peak
   Apr 22 - Asteroid 4628 Laplace Closest Approach To Earth (1.442 AU)
   Apr 23 - Asteroid 8575 Hawaii Closest Approach To Earth (2.136 AU)
   Apr 23 - Asteroid 51827 Laurelclark Closest Approach To Earth (2.143 AU)
   Apr 24 - Astronomy Day
   Apr 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #244 (OTM-244)
   Apr 24 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hubble Space Telescope Launch (STS-31)
   Apr 24 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Mao 1 Launch (1st Chinese Satellite)
   Apr 25 - Asteroid 2004 US1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Apr 26 - Comet C/2007 VO53 (Spacewatch) Perihelion (4.843 AU)
   Apr 26 - Asteroid 6676 Monet Closest Approach To Earth (1.947 AU)
* Apr 27 - Progress M-05M Soyuz 2-1a Launch (International Space Station 37P)
   Apr 27 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Prometheus, Telesto, Pandora & Pallene
   Apr 27 - Comet P/2008 CL94 (Lemmon) Closest Approach To Earth (5.251 AU)
   Apr 28 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 656 Beagle Closest Approach To Earth (1.912 AU)
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 51825 Davidbrown Closest Approach To Earth (2.149 AU)
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 5555 Wimberly Closest Approach To Earth (2.306 AU)
   Apr 28 - Jan Oort's 110th Birthday (1900)
   Apr 29 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #245 (OTM-245)
   Apr 29 - Asteroid 2002 JR100 Near-Earth Flyby (0.020 AU)
   Apr 29 - Asteroid 5450 Sokrates Closest Approach To Earth (1.931 AU)
   Apr 30 - Comet C/2009 K5 (McNaught) Perihelion (1.423 AU)
   Apr 30 - Asteroid 9769 Nautilus Closest Approach To Earth (1.050 AU)

May 2010
   May ?? - SBIRS-Geo 1 (SBIRS-High 2) Atlas 5 Launch
   May ?? - Cosmos-Geizer N21 Proton K Launch
   May ?? - Hylas Ariane 5 Launch
   May ?? - Bluesat Dnepr 1 Launch
   May ?? - Yamal 301/302 Proton K-DM-2M Launch
   May 02 - Asteroid 2007 DB61 Near-Earth Flyby (0.090 AU)
   May 03 - Asteroid 24101 Cassini Closest Approach To Earth (2.343 AU)
   May 04 - Comet 104P/Kowal 2 Perihelion (1.180 AU)
   May 04 - Asteroid (141495) 2002 EZ11 Near-Mars Flyby (0.018 AU)
   May 05 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   May 06 - Asteroid 9016 Henrymoore Closest Approach To Earth (2.898 AU)
   May 07 - Space Day
   May 07 - Asteroid 2009 BD Near-Earth Flyby (0.023 AU)
   May 07 - Asteroid 2688 Halley Closest Approach To Earth (1.867 AU)
   May 07 - Asteroid 4255 Spacewatch Closest Approach To Earth (2.438 AU)
   May 08 - Asteroid 1224 Fantasia Closest Approach To Earth (1.728 AU)
* May 09 - Asteroid 2022 West Closest Approach To Earth (2.018 AU)
* May 10 - GPS 2F F-1 Delta 4M Launch
   May 11 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #246 (OTM-246)
   May 11 - Asteroid 2005 JR5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.061 AU)
   May 11 - Asteroid 6471 Collins Closest Approach To Earth (1.430 AU)
   May 12 - Asteroid 2007 TZ68 Near-Mars Flyby (0.012 AU)
   May 12 - Asteroid 9133 d'Arrest Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   May 14 - Griffith Observatory's 75th Birthday (1935)
   May 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #247 (OTM-247)
   May 15 - Asteroid 10204 Turing Closest Approach To Earth (2.010 AU)
   May 16 - Moon Occults Venus
   May 18 - Cassini, Enceladus & Methone Flyby
   May 19 - Comet 24P/Schaumasse Closest Approach To Earth (2.277 AU)
   May 19 - Asteroid 2003 QC10 Near-Earth Flyby (0.089 AU)
   May 20 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   May 20 - Asteroid 2004 FG11 Near-Mercury (0.039 AU)
   May 20 - Asteroid 11055 Honduras Closest Approach To Earth (0.985 AU)
   May 20 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Galileo, Ganymede 28 Flyby
   May 21 - Asteroid 1865 Cerberus Closest Approach To Earth (0.334 AU)
   May 21 - Asteroid 3259 Brownlee Closest Approach To Earth (1.833 AU)
   May 21 - Asteroid 6433 Enya Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   May 22 - Asteroid 232 Russia Closest Approach To Earth (1.175 AU)
   May 22 - 15th Anniversary (1995), Saturn Ring Plane Crossing (1 of 3)
   May 23 - Aquarius Delta 2 Launch
   May 23 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #248 (OTM-248)
   May 23 - Asteroid 2008 GA4 Near-Venus Flyby (0.031 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 9969 Braille Closest Approach To Earth (0.427 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 8088 Australia Closest Approach To Earth (1.526 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 6030 Zolensky Closest Approach To Earth (2.274 AU)
   May 24 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Midas 2 Launch (1st Experimental Infrared
Surveillance Satellite)
   May 25 - Asteroid 10389 Robmanning Closest Approach To Earth (1.414 AU)
   May 26 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (25 Degrees)
   May 27 - Asteroid 2008 KV2 Near-Venus Flyby (0.032 AU)
   May 28 - STP-26/FASTRAC-A & B/FalconSat 4/OREOS/RAC Minotaur 4 Launch
   May 28 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #249 (OTM-249)
   May 28 - Asteroid 7032 Hitchcock Closest Approach To Earth (1.463 AU)
   May 28 - Frank Drake's 80th Birthday (1930)
   May 29 - Asteroid 5145 Pholus Closest Approach To Earth (22.402 AU)
   May 30 - Comet 142P/Ge-Wang Perihelion (2.488 AU)
   May 31 - Asteroid 25399 Vonnegut Closest Approach To Earth (1.653 AU)
   May 31 - European Space Agency's 35th Birthday (1975)

June 2010
   Jun ?? - Hayabusa (MUSES-C) Return To Earth
   Jun ?? - Equars VLS-1 Launch (Brazil)
   Jun ?? - Monitor IR1 Rokot KM Launch
   Jun ?? - Insat 4-D GSLV-1 Launch
   Jun ?? - Nilesat 2 Ariane 5 Launch
   Jun ?? - Meteor 3M N2 Soyuz 2-1B Launch
   Jun ?? - Katysat 1/KiwiSat/Atmocube/Cubesat-RAFT/Funsat/UCISAT Dnepr 1 Launch
* Jun ?? - Rascom-QAF 1R Ariane 5 Launch
   Jun 01 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #250 (OTM-250)
   Jun 01 - Asteroid 73491 Robmatson Closest Approach To Earth (1.791 AU)
   Jun 01 - 20th Anniversary (1990), ROSAT Launch
   Jun 02 - Asteroid 472 Roma Closest Approach To Earth (1.812 AU)
   Jun 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Tethys, Rhea & Pandora
   Jun 03 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 4 Launch, USA's First Spacewalk (Ed
White)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 1999 MN Near-Earth Flyby (0.033 AU)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 19578 Kirkdouglas Closest Approach To Earth (0.967 AU)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 24102 Jacquecassini Closest Approach To Earth (1.901 AU)
   Jun 05 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jun 05 - Asteroid 1999 HE1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.077 AU)
   Jun 05 - Asteroid 2004 KH17 Near-Earth Flyby (0.084 AU)
   Jun 07 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #251 (OTM-251)
   Jun 08 - Comet 215P/NEAT Perihelion (3.213 AU)
   Jun 08 - Comet 183P/Korlevic-Juric Closest Approach To Earth (3.514 AU)
   Jun 08 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 9 Launch (Soviet Venus
Orbiter/Lander)
   Jun 08 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Luna 6 Launch (Soviet Moon Flyby)
   Jun 08 - Giovanni Cassini's 385th Birthday (1625)
   Jun 09 - Kuiper Belt Oject 28978 Ixion Closest Approach To Earth (40.346 AU)
   Jun 10 - Asteroid 2007 YG Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Jun 10 - Asteroid 2023 Asaph Closest Approach To Earth (1.999 AU)
   Jun 11 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Vega 1, Venus Landing/Balloon
   Jun 12 - Asteroid 5020 Asimov Closest Approach To Earth (0.944 AU)
   Jun 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 50000 Quaoar Closest Approach To Earth (42.155 AU)
   Jun 13 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #252 (OTM-252)
   Jun 13 - Asteroid 2007 XB10 Near-Earth Flyby (0.071 AU)
   Jun 14 - Asteroid 2003 YS17 Near-Venus Flyby (0.044 AU)
   Jun 14 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Vega 2, Venus Landing/Balloon
   Jun 14 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 10, Venus Landing
   Jun 15 - Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (1.137 AU)
* Jun 15 - Asteroid 2002 Euler Closest Approach To Earth (1.283 AU)
   Jun 15 - Asteroid 1 Ceres Closest Approach To Earth (1.825 AU)
   Jun 16 - Asteroid 6735 Madhatter Closest Approach To Earth (1.310 AU)
   Jun 17 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #253 (OTM-253)
   Jun 17 - Comet C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring) Closest Approach To Earth
(4.057 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2003 MN Near-Earth Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2007 DD Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
* Jun 17 - Asteroid 2451 Dollfus Closest Approach To Earth (1.367 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2866 Hardy Closest Approach To Earth (1.739 AU)
   Jun 17 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of the Dhofar 378 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Jun 18 - Asteroid 2956 Yeomans Closest Approach To Earth (1.538 AU)
   Jun 19 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pan & Polydeuces
   Jun 20 - Asteroid 69230 Hermes Closest Approach To Earth (1.041 AU)
   Jun 20 - 340th Anniversary (1670), Discovery Of Nova 1670 Vulpeculae
   Jun 21 - Summer Solstice, 11:28 UT
   Jun 21 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jun 21 - Asteroid 5641 McCleese Closest Approach To Earth (0.804 AU)
   Jun 21 - Asteroid 4017 Disneya Closest Approach To Earth (1.505 AU)
   Jun 22 - Asteroid 13801 Kohlhase Closest Approach To Earth (1.738 AU)
   Jun 22 - Royal Greenwich Observatory's 335th Birthday (1675)
   Jun 23 - Asteroid 2008 EY5 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Jun 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #254 (OTM-254)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2008 YC3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.031 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2007 CS5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2008 WM64 Near-Earth Flyby (0.064 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 4099 Wiggins Closest Approach To Earth (1.780 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 1913 Sekanina Closest Approach To Earth (1.981 AU)
   Jun 24 - Dwarf Planet 134340 Pluto Closest Approach To Earth (30.860 AU)
   Jun 24 - Fred Hoyle's 95th Birthday (1915)
   Jun 25 - Pluto At Opposition
   Jun 25 - Rupert Wildt's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Jun 26 - Partial Lunar Eclipse
   Jun 26 - Comet 100P/Hartley Closest Approach To Earth (1.676 AU)
   Jun 26 - Asteroid 8353 Megryan Closest Approach To Earth (1.774 AU)
   Jun 26 - Charles Messier's 280th Birthday (1730)
   Jun 27 - Asteroid 154590 (2003 MA3) Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Jun 27 - Asteroid 4763 Ride Closest Approach To Earth (1.644 AU)
   Jun 28 - Asteroid 2005 ED318 Near-Earth Flyby (0.070 AU)
   Jun 28 - Asteroid 2118 Flagstaff Closest Approach To Earth (2.042 AU)
   Jun 30 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #255 (OTM-255)

July 2010
   Jul ?? - Planet-C/IKAROS/Waseda-Sat2/Unitec-1/Negai-Star/AWVONS H-2A Launch
(Japan Venus Orbiter)
   Jul ?? - AEHF F-1 Atlas 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - Sinosat 4 CZ-3B Launch
   Jul ?? - NROL-25 Delta 4M Launch
   Jul ?? - SSR-1 VSL-1 Launch (Brazil)
   Jul ?? - Dragon 2 Falcon 9 Launch
   Jul ?? - Microscope Ariane 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - Insat 4-G Ariane 5 Launch
* Jul ?? - AMC-1R Ariane 5 Launch
* Jul ?? - Sudansat 1 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jul 01 - Comet 43P/Wolf-Harrington Perihelion (1.358 AU)
   Jul 01 - Asteroid 2005 UU3 Near-Venus Flyby (0.006 AU)
   Jul 02 - Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) Perihelion (0.405 AU)
   Jul 02 - Comet 116P/Wild 4 Closest Approach To Earth (2.119 AU)
   Jul 02 - Asteroid 2063 Bacchus Closest Approach To Earth (1.432 AU)
   Jul 02 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Giotto, Earth Flyby
   Jul 02 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Giotto Launch (ESA's Comet Halley Mission)
   Jul 03 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #256 (OTM-256)
   Jul 04 - Comet 10P/Tempel 2 Perihelion (1.423 AU)
   Jul 04 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Deep Impact, Comet Tempel 1 Impact/Flyby
   Jul 05 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso, Enceladus & Daphnis
   Jul 05 - Comet 143P/Kowal-Mrkos Closest Approach To Earth (2.539 AU)
   Jul 05 - Asteroid 1814 Bach Closest Approach To Earth (1.492 AU)
   Jul 06 - Earth At Aphelion (1.017 AU From Sun)
   Jul 06 - Asteroid 91287 Simon-Garfunkel Closest Approach To Earth (1.306 AU)
   Jul 07 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
* Jul 07 - Comet C/2009 U1 (Garradd) Perihelion (2.964 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 2001 KM20 Near-Earth Flyby (0.089 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 6602 Gilclark Closest Approach To Earth (1.098 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 5649 Donnashirley Closest Approach To Earth (1.927 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 3297 Hong Kong Closest Approach To Earth (2.328 AU)
   Jul 09 - Asteroid 3352 McAuliffe Closest Approach To Earth (1.517 AU)
   Jul 10 - Rosetta, Asteroid 21 Lutetia Flyby
   Jul 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #257 (OTM-257)
   Jul 10 - Asteroid 1578 Kirkwood Closest Approach To Earth (3.673 AU)
   Jul 11 - Total Solar Eclipse, Visible in South Pacific, Chile
   Jul 11 - Asteroid 2008 UP100 Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
   Jul 11 - Asteroid 4769 Castalia Closest Approach To Earth (0.973 AU)
   Jul 11 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Gamma Observatory Launch (Soviet Union)
   Jul 12 - Comet 158P/Kowal-LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (3.677 AU)
   Jul 12 - Asteroid 2009 BD Near-Earth Flyby (0.027 AU)
   Jul 12 - Asteroid 37582 Faraday Closest Approach To Earth (1.082 AU)
* Jul 12 - Asteroid 2919 Dali Closest Approach To Earth (1.688 AU)
   Jul 13 - Asteroid 4457 van Gogh Closest Approach To Earth (1.862 AU)
   Jul 14 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Mariner 4, Mars Flyby
   Jul 15 - Asteroid 5430 Luu Closest Approach To Earth (0.966 AU)
   Jul 15 - Asteroid 2228 Soyuz-Apollo Closest Approach To Earth (2.496 AU)
   Jul 16 - Comet C/2009 K2 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (2.590 AU)
   Jul 16 - Asteroid 7336 Saunders Closest Approach To Earth (0.205 AU)
   Jul 16 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Badr-A Launch (1st Pakistan Satellite)
   Jul 16 - 45th Anniversary (1965), 1st Proton Rocket Launch (USSR)
   Jul 17 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Apollo-Soyuz Handshake
   Jul 18 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #258 (OTM-258)
   Jul 18 - Comet P/1999 U3 (LINEAR) Perihelion (1.921 AU)
   Jul 18 - Asteroid 2002 BF25 Near-Earth Flyby (0.027 AU)
   Jul 18 - Asteroid 13926 Berners-Lee Closest Approach To Earth (1.319 AU)
   Jul 18 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Rohini 1 Launch (India's 1st Satellite)
   Jul 18 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Zond 3 Launch (USSR Moon Flyby)
   Jul 18-25 - COSPAR 2010 Scientific Assembly
   Jul 19 - Asteroid 2008 NP3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.069 AU)
   Jul 20 - Asteroid 17078 Sellers Closest Approach To Earth (1.831 AU)
   Jul 20 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of Jupiter Moon Callirrhoe
   Jul 21 - Comet 65P/Gunn Closest Approach To Earth (1.602 AU)
   Jul 21 - Asteroid 2000 UQ30 Near-Mars Flyby (0.050 AU)
   Jul 21 - Asteroid 8249 Gershwin Closest Approach To Earth (1.493 AU)
   Jul 22 - Comet 77P/Longmore Closest Approach To Earth (2.369 AU)
   Jul 22 - Asteroid 2007 HR Near-Mars Flyby (0.021 AU)
   Jul 23 - Asteroid 2006 KL21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Jul 23 - Asteroid 5049 Sherlock Closest Approach To Earth (1.028 AU)
   Jul 24 - 60th Anniversary (1950), 1st Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral
(Bumper/V-2 Rocket)
   Jul 25 - Cassini, Distant Fly of Prometheus & Atlas
   Jul 25 - Asteroid 3153 Lincoln Closest Approach To Earth (1.384 AU)
   Jul 25 - Asteroid 5738 Billpickering Closest Approach To Earth (3.106 AU)
   Jul 25 - 20th Anniversary (1990), CRRES Launch
   Jul 25 - Christoph Scheiner's 435th Birthday (1575)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 38237 Roche Closest Approach To Earth (1.263 AU)
* Jul 26 - Asteroid 2160 Spitzer Closest Approach To Earth (1.664 AU)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 117329 Spencer Closest Approach To Earth (1.699 AU)
* Jul 26 - Asteroid 2925 Beatty Closest Approach To Earth (1.818 AU)
   Jul 28 - Asteroid 11548 Jerrylewis Closest Approach To Earth (2.009 AU)
* Jul 29 - STS-134 Launch, Space Shuttle Endeavour, International Space Station
   Jul 29 - South Delta-Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Jul 30 - Asteroid 4221 Picasso Closest Approach To Earth (1.586 AU)
   Jul 30 - 400th Anniversary (1610), Galileo Observes Saturn's Rings
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 2006 EB Near-Earth Flyby (0.080 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 1994 CB Near-Earth Flyby (0.091 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 118401 LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (1.956 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 1941 Wild Closest Approach To Earth (2.229 AU)

August 2010
   Aug ?? - NROL-35 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - NROL-39 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - NROL-41 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - XM-5 Zenit 3SL Launch
   Aug ?? - Luch 5A/Amos 5 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Aug ?? - Radio-Astron (Spektr R) Zenit 2-Fregat-SB Launch
   Aug ?? - Cassiope 1 Falcon 9 Launch
   Aug ?? - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of NWA 2737 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Aug 01 - Alpha Capricornids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 01 - Comet 176P/LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (1.955 AU)
   Aug 01 - Asteroid 5231 Verne Closest Approach To Earth (1.665 AU)
   Aug 01 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of the SAU 051 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Aug 01 - Helen Battles Sawyer Hogg's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Aug 02 - 5th Anniversary (2005), MESSENGER, Earth Flyby
   Aug 03 - Asteroid 2830 Greenwich Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Aug 03 - Asteroid 9500 Camelot Closest Approach To Earth (1.956 AU)
   Aug 04 - Asteroid 2266 Tchaikovsky Closest Approach To Earth (2.724 AU)
   Aug 05 - Asteroid 17640 Mount Stromlo Closest Approach To Earth (1.031 AU)
   Aug 05 - Neil Armstrong's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Aug 06 - Southern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 06 - Comet 2P/Encke Perihelion (0.336 AU)
   Aug 06 - Asteroid 1282 Utopia Closest Approach To Earth (2.094 AU)
   Aug 07 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (27 Degrees)
   Aug 07 - Asteroid 8146 Jimbell Closest Approach To Earth (2.322 AU)
   Aug 08 - Asteroid 15000 CCD Closest Approach To Earth (1.772 AU)
   Aug 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #259 (OTM-259)
   Aug 10 - Asteroid 6239 Minos Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Aug 10 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Magellan, Venus Orbit Insertion
   Aug 11 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Titan
   Aug 12 - Perseids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 2004 PG115 Closest Approach To Earth (35.910)
   Aug 12 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Echo 1 Launch
   Aug 13 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
   Aug 13 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione, Calypso & Epimetheus
   Aug 13 - Asteroid 2002 AC9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Aug 13 - Asteroid 51828 Ilanramon Closest Approach To Earth (1.964 AU)
   Aug 14 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Atlas, Pandora, Dahpnis, Janus, Pan &
            Tethys
   Aug 14 - Comet 223P/Skiff Perihelion (2.420 AU)
   Aug 15 - Asteroid 4808 Ballaero Closest Approach To Earth (1.838 AU)
   Aug 16 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #260 (OTM-260)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 2007 XZ9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.072 AU)
   Aug 16 - Comet 95P/Chiron Closest Approach To Earth (15.420)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 4148 McCartney Closest Approach To Earth (1.404 AU)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 1024 Hale Closest Approach To Earth (1.420 AU)
   Aug 17 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Venera 7 Launch (USSR Venus Lander)
   Aug 18 - Comet C/2009 P2 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (5.704 AU)
   Aug 18 - Asteroid 2004 SC56 Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Aug 18 - Asteroid 4337 Arecibo Closest Approach To Earth (2.349 AU)
   Aug 18 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Suisei Launch (Japan Comet Halley Mission)
   Aug 19 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Sputnik 5 Launch (Carried Dogs Belka &
Strelka)
   Aug 20 - Venus At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (46 Degrees)
   Aug 20 - Neptune At Opposition
   Aug 20 - Asteroid 2041 Lancelot Closest Approach To Earth (1.986 AU)
   Aug 20 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Viking 1 Launch (Mars Lander/Orbiter)
   Aug 20 - 125th Anniversary (1885), Ernst Hartwig's Discovery of S Andromedae
   Aug 21 - Asteroid 469 Argentina Closest Approach To Earth (2.589 AU)
   Aug 21 - Kuiper Belt Object 2007 OR10 Closest Approach To Earth (85.142 AU)
   Aug 21 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 5 Launch (Gordon Cooper & Charles
Conrad)
   Aug 22 - Asteroid 2074 Shoemaker Closest Approach To Earth (1.039 AU)
* Aug 23 - Comet C/2009 U5 (Grauer) Perihelion (0.571 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 2005 QQ87 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 2003 JN14 Near-Mars Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 8256 Shenzhou Closest Approach To Earth (1.172 AU)
   Aug 25 - Northern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 25 - Comet 10P/Tempel 2 Closest Approach To Earth (0.651 AU)
   Aug 25 - Asteroid 697 Galilea Closest Approach To Earth (1.474 AU)
   Aug 25 - Asteroid 11911 Angel Closest Approach To Earth (1.797 AU)
   Aug 26 - Asteroid 2007 DS7 Near-Earth Flyby (0.096 AU)
   Aug 26 - Asteroid 2007 RY8  Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Aug 27 - Asteroid 2006 EK53 Near-Mars Flyby (0.045 AU)
   Aug 28 - Astroid 2007 DD Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Aug 28 - Asteroid 4116 Elachi Closest Approach To Earth (1.069 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 36800 Katarinawitt Closest Approach To Earth (1.009 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 7359 Messier Closest Approach To Earth (1.791 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 2006 SQ372 Closest Approach To Earth (23.719 AU)
   Aug 29 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Discovery of Nova Cygni 1975
   Aug 30 - Comet 2P/Encke Closest Approach To Earth (1.114 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 4055 Magellan Closest Approach To Earth (0.560 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 4342 Freud Closest Approach To Earth (1.522 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 203 Pompeja Closest Approach To Earth (1.664 AU)
   Aug 31 - Comet 186P/Garradd Closest Approach To Earth (3.853 AU)
   Aug 31 - Asteroid 1999 CG9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.083 AU)
   Aug 31 - Asteroid 1566 Icarus Closest Approach To Earth (0.602 AU)

September 2010
   Sep ?? - Afristar 3 (Worldstar 3) Ariane 5 Launch
   Sep ?? - Astrosat 1 PSLV Launch (India)
   Sep ?? - Giove A2 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
   Sep ?? - Insat 3-D GSLV Launch (India)
   Sep ?? - CBERS 3 CZ-4B Launch
   Sep ?? - Lapansat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Sep ?? - Eros C Start 1 Launch (Israel)
   Sep ?? - Bissat Cosmos 3M Launch
   Sep 01 - Asteroid 3895 Earhart Closest Approach To Earth (1.772 AU)
   Sep 02 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Polydeuces & Telesto
   Sep 02 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #261 (OTM-261)
   Sep 02 - Asteroid 2008 EL68 Near-Earth Flyby (0.030 AU)
* Sep 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Aegaeon, Titan, Epimetheus & Dione
* Sep 03 - Comet 227P/Catalina-LINEAR Perihelion (1.795 AU)
   Sep 03 - Asteroid 79896 Billhaley Closest Approach To Earth (2.010 AU)
   Sep 04 - Asteroid 2753 Duncan Closest Approach To Earth (1.845 AU)
   Sep 05 - Asteroid 9007 James Bond Closest Approach To Earth (1.181 AU)
   Sep 08 - Asteroid 3673 Levy Closest Approach To Earth (1.208 AU)
   Sep 08 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Viking 2 Launch (Mars Orbiter/Lander)
   Sep 08 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Kaoru Ikeya & Tsutomu Seki's Discovery of
Comet Ikeya-Seki
   Sep 08 - Marshall Space Flight Center's 50th Birthday (1960)
   Sep 08 - Thomas Keith Glennan's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Sep 09 - Asteroid 2005 VL1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.048 AU)
   Sep 09 - Asteroid 1940 Whipple Closest Approach To Earth (2.081 AU)
   Sep 10 - Comet 97P/Metcalf-Brewington Closest Approach To Earth (2.530 AU)
   Sep 10 - Asteroid 426 Hippo Closest Approach To Earth (2.214 AU)
   Sep 11 - 25th Anniversary (1985), ICE, Comet Giacobini-Zinner Flyby
   Sep 12 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Luna 16 Launch (Soviet Moon Sample Return)
   Sep 13 - Asteroid 19383 Rolling Stones Closest Approach To Earth (0.971 AU)
* Sep 13 - Asteroid 5143 Heracles Closest Approach To Earth (2.234 AU)
   Sep 14 - Asteroid 2001 XE1 Near-Mars Flyby (0.035 AU)
   Sep 14 - Asteroid 18458 Caesar Closest Approach To Earth (1.521 AU)
   Sep 14 - John Dobson's 95th Birthday (1915)
* Sep 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #261A (OTM-261A)
* Sep 15 - Comet C/2009 U5 (Grauer) Closest Approach To Earth (0.657 AU)
   Sep 15 - Asteroid 2005 UH6 Near-Venus Flyby (0.023 AU)
* Sep 16 - STS-133 Launch, Space Shuttle Discovery, International Space Station
   Sep 17 - Asteroid 4147 Lennon Closest Approach To Earth (1.467 AU)
   Sep 18 - Asteroid 3354 McNair Closest Approach To Earth (1.237 AU)
   Sep 18 - Asteroid 9954 Brachiosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.540 AU)
   Sep 19 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (18 Degrees)
* Sep 21 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #262 (OTM-262)
   Sep 21 - Jupiter at Opposition
   Sep 21 - Uranus At Opposition
   Sep 22 - Asteroid 4923 Clarke Closest Approach To Earth (0.928 AU)
   Sep 23 - Autumnal Equinox (03:09 UT)
* Sep 23 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Enceladus, Calypso & Polydeuces
* Sep 24 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Sep 24 - John Young's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Sep 25 - Asteroid 85990 (1999 JV6) Near-Venus Flyby (0.026 AU)
   Sep 26 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Cassini, Hyperion Flyby
* Sep 27 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #263 (OTM-263)
   Sep 27 - Asteroid 3169 Ostro Closest Approach To Earth (1.132 AU)
   Sep 27 - Asteroid 7853 Confucius Closest Approach To Earth (2.735 AU)
* Sep 28 - Comet P/1998 U4 (Spahr) Closest Approach To Earth (3.665 AU)
   Sep 28 - Asteroid 2002 TZ57 Near-Earth Flyby (0.064 AU)
   Sep 28 - Asteroid 73079 Davidbaltimore Closest Approach To Earth (1.590 AU)
   Sep 28 - Ismael Bullialdus' 405th Birthday (1605)
   Sep 29 - Comet 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 Perihelion (3.424 AU)
   Sep 29 - Comet C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring) Perihelion (4.511 AU)
   Sep 30 - Asteroid 2005 NZ6 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.047 AU)
   Sep 30 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Charles Kowal's Discovery of Jupiter Moon
Themisto

October 2010
* Oct ?? - Express AM-4/Express MD-2 Proton M-Briz M Launch
* Oct ?? - TerreStar 2 Ariane 5 Launch
* Oct 01 - Glory Taurus Launch
* Oct 01 - Asteroid 137032 (1998 UO1) Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
* Oct 01 - Asteroid 7225 Huntress Closest Approach To Earth (1.478 AU)
* Oct 02 - Asteroid 1996 Adams Closest Approach To Earth (1.212 AU)
* Oct 02 - Asteroid 12104 Chesley Closest Approach To Earth (2.050 AU)
* Oct 02 - Hayden Planetarium's 75th Birthday (1935)
* Oct 03 - Asteroid 4444 Escher Closest Approach To Earth (1.210 AU)
* Oct 03 - Asteroid 1772 Gagarin Closest Approach To Earth (1.792 AU)
* Oct 03 - 195th Anniversary (1815), Chassigny Meteorite Fall (Mars Meteorite)
* Oct 04 - Comet P/2002 X2 (NEAT) Perihelion (2.127 AU)
* Oct 04-10 - World Space Week
* Oct 05 - Asteroid 1221 Amor Closest Approach To Earth (1.756 AU)
* Oct 06 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Ulysses Launch (Solar Polar Orbiter)
* Oct 08 - Asteroid 2001 TB Near-Earth Flyby (0.005 AU)
* Oct 08 - Asteroid 9250 Chamberlin Closest Approach To Earth (2.581 AU)
* Oct 09 - Draconids Meteor Shower Peak
* Oct 09 - Asteroid 1322 Coppernicus Closest Approach To Earth (1.461 AU)
* Oct 09 - Asteroid 5720 Halweaver Closest Approach To Earth (1.613 AU)
* Oct 10 - Asteroid 2062 Aten Closest Approach To Earth (0.586 AU)
* Oct 10 - Asteroid 83360 Catalina Closest Approach To Earth (1.221 AU)
* Oct 10 - Asteroid 2801 Huygens Closest Approach To Earth (1.362 AU)
* Oct 10 - Very Large Array's (VLA) 30th Birthday (1980)
* Oct 11 - Cassini, End of Equinox Mission
* Oct 11 - Asteroid 19148 Alaska Closest Approach To Earth (2.612 AU)
* Oct 11 - 65th Anniversary (1945), WAC Corporal Launch
* Oct 12 - Comet P/1998 U4 (Spahr) Near-Jupiter Flyby (0.357 AU)
* Oct 12 - Asteroid 742 Edisona Closest Approach To Earth (1.707 AU)
* Oct 12 - Asteroid 16809 Galapagos Closest Approach To Earth (1.735 AU)
* Oct 14 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
* Oct 14 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #264 (OTM-264)
* Oct 14 - Asteroid 162269 (1999 VO6) Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
* Oct 14 - Asteroid 2009 BU5 Near-Mars Flyby (0.046 AU)
* Oct 14 - Dwarf Planet 136199 Eris Closest Approach To Earth (95.667 AU)
* Oct 15 - Asteroid 13070 Seanconnery Closest Approach To Earth (0.928 AU)
* Oct 16 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Mimas, Pallene, Telesto, Methone &
            Aegaeon
* Oct 16 - Comet 142P/Ge-Wang Closest Approach To Earth (1.738 AU)
* Oct 16 - 35th Anniversary (1975), GOES 1 Launch (1st Weather Satellite
            in Geosynchronous Orbit)
* Oct 17 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione & Rhea
* Oct 17 - New Horizons, Halfway to Pluto
* Oct 17 - Asteroid 25924 Douglasadams Closest Approach To Earth (1.619 AU)
* Oct 18 - Asteroid 2009 ST Near-Vesta Flyby (0.043 AU)
* Oct 18 - Kuiper Belt Object 15760 (1992 QB1) Closest Approach To Earth (40.106
AU)
* Oct 19 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar's 100th Birthday (1910)
* Oct 20 - Comet Hartley 2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.121 AU)
* Oct 20 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Zond 8 Launch (USSR Moon Flyby)
* Oct 21 - Orionids Meteor Shower Peak
* Oct 21 - Asteroid 4535 Adamcarolla Closest Approach To Earth (2.183 AU)
* Oct 22 - Asteroid 202683 (2006 US216) Near-Venus Flyby (0.025 AU)
* Oct 22 - Asteroid 4783 Wasson Closest Approach To Earth (1.481 AU)
* Oct 22 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 9, Venus Landing (Soviet Venus
Orbiter/Lander)
* Oct 23 - Asteroid 2000 TU28 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
* Oct 23 - Asteroid 2247 Hiroshima Closest Approach To Earth (1.185 AU)
* Oct 23 - Karl Jansky's 105th Birthday (1905)
* Oct 24 - Asteroid 2009 FD Near-Earth Flyby (0.071 AU)
* Oct 24 - Asteroid 2710 Veverka Closest Approach To Earth (1.687 AU)
* Oct 25 - Asteroid 2005 UN Near-Earth Flyby (0.020 AU)
* Oct 25 - Asteroid 1998 SD9 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.048 AU)
* Oct 25 - Asteroid 10217 Richardcook Closest Approach To Earth (1.075 AU)
* Oct 25 - Asteroid 3066 McFadden Closest Approach To Earth (1.262 AU)
* Oct 25 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 10, Venus Landing
* Oct 26 - Asteroid 2004 XD6 Near-Mars Flyby (0.023 AU)
* Oct 26 - Asteroid 82332 Las Vegas Closest Approach To Earth (1.576 AU)
* Oct 27 - Asteroid 162269 (1999 VO6) Near-Venus Flyby (0.041 AU)
* Oct 27 - Asteroid 4766 Malin Closest Approach To Earth (1.457 AU)
* Oct 27 - Asteroid 3693 Barringer Closest Approach To Earth (1.607 AU)
* Oct 28 - Asteroid 4151 Alanhale Closest Approach To Earth (2.247 AU)
* Oct 29 - Asteroid 2007 JB21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.099 AU)
* Oct 30 - Asteroid 2003 UV11 Near-Earth Flyby (0.013 AU)
* Oct 30 - Asteroid 2848 ASP Closest Approach To Earth (1.577 AU)
* Oct 30 - Asteroid 6487 Tonyspear Closest Approach To Earth (1.692 AU)
* Oct 30 - Asteroid 16035 Sasandford Closest Approach To Earth (1.856 AU)
* Oct 31 - Michael Collins' 80th Birthday (1930)

Cassini Significant Events
for 10/14/09 - 10/20/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired
on Oct. 20 from the Deep Space Network tracking
complex at Canberra, Australia. The Cassini
spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and
all subsystems are operating normally.
Information on the present position and speed of
the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the
"Present Position" page at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm .

Wednesday, Oct. 14 (DOY 287):

The main engine cover was opened today completing
the 51st in-flight cycle of the cover. Cycle #52 will begin on Oct. 30.

Cassini scientists participated in a press
briefing at NASA headquarters today on
constructing the first comprehensive sky map of our solar system.

Observations from Cassini complemented data
collected by NASA's Interstellar Boundary
Explorer. Images from the Ion and Neutral Camera
on Cassini's Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument
suggest that the heliosphere, the region of the
sun's influence, may not have the comet-like
shape predicted by existing models. In a paper
published Oct. 15 in Science Express, scientists
presented a new view of the heliosphere, which
suggests that it moves more like a slippery ball
through smoke. The "smoke" in this case is the
interstellar medium, the matter that fills the
local region of our galaxy and is forced to flow
around the heliosphere. Here are the links to the
full story, images, and video:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/newsrelease20091015/
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/imagedetails/index.cfm?imageId=3700

Thursday, Oct. 15 (DOY 288):

Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM) #218 was performed
today. This was the cleanup maneuver from the
Titan 62 encounter on Oct. 12. The main engine
burn began at 7:00 PM PDT. Telemetry immediately
after the maneuver showed a burn duration of 4.97
seconds, giving a delta-V of 0.845 m/s. All
subsystems reported nominal performance after the maneuver.

Today marked the 12th anniversary of the launch of the Cassini Spacecraft.

The Instrument Operations Working Group met today
to view presentations relating to changes in
operations processes for the proposed Extended
Extended Mission (XXM). Topics included the XXM
Uplink Sequence Implementation Process that
combines and streamlines the Science Operations
Plan Process and the Science and Sequence Update
Process, XXM RBOT Response, and XXM Integration
rules, contingency plans, and pointing. These
same presentations will be given next week at the
Tuesday plenary session of the Cassini Project Science Group meeting.

Friday, October 16 (DOY 289):

At periapsis on orbit #119, RADAR created a
global map of Saturn's equatorial region. During
the week, Imaging Science (ISS) observed the
transits of Mimas across Rhea and of Tethys
across Titan, and performed lightning searches on
Saturn. The Visual and Infrared Mapping
Spectrometer (VIMS) created regional and global
mosaics of Saturn, and observed the E and G
rings. The Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph
(UVIS) executed several slow extreme and far
ultraviolet scans across Saturn's visible
hemisphere, and mapped volatiles in the immediate
neighborhood of Enceladus to test the connection
of volatile changes to plume eruptions. The
Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) performed a
Magnetosphere and Plasma Science (MAPS) survey
and led the pointing for the MAPS team Solar
Wind-Aurora Campaign observations. The Composite
Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) measured oxygen
compounds in the stratosphere of Saturn.

Sunday, Oct. 18 (DOY 291):

An AACS prime reaction wheel friction test took
place on Oct. 18. Wheels 1, 2, and 4 were spun up
to +/-900 rpm and then allowed to coast down to 0 rpm.
Performance was consistent with past friction test results.

Monday, Oct. 19 (DOY 292):

Cassini scientists, operations personnel, and
flight team members gathered this week for the
49th Project Science Group meeting. Instrument
Team meetings, working group meetings, and plenary
sessions were held all week.

Tuesday, Oct. 20 (DOY 293):

Today students from across the United States who
entered the Cassini Scientist for a Day essay
contest called in and asked questions of Cassini
scientists during a live USTREAM TV webcast.
Instrument scientists and observation designers
answered the students' questions. Over 2,000
students in 68 classrooms watched the live event.
The webcast has been archived and is available at
http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/2391081 .

Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM) #219 was performed
today. This was the apoapsis maneuver setting up
for the Enceladus 7 encounter on Nov. 2. The main
engine burn began at 6:29 PM PDT. Telemetry
immediately after the maneuver showed the
duration was 24.42 seconds, giving a delta-V of
4.16 m/s. All subsystems reported nominal performance after the maneuver.

Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more
information about the Cassini Project:
<<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/>http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/>
    ------------------------

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=2343

Robot Armada Might Scale New Worlds
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
October 27, 2009

An armada of robots may one day fly above the mountain tops of Saturn's
moon Titan, cross its vast dunes and sail in its liquid lakes.

Wolfgang Fink, visiting associate in physics at the California Institute
of Technology in Pasadena says we are on the brink of a great paradigm
shift in planetary exploration, and the next round of robotic explorers
will be nothing like what we see today.

"The way we explore tomorrow will be unlike any cup of tea we've ever
tasted," said Fink, who was recently appointed as the Edward and Maria
Keonjian Distinguished Professor in Microelectronics at the University
of Arizona, Tucson. "We are departing from traditional approaches of a
single robotic spacecraft with no redundancy that is Earth-commanded to
one that allows for having multiple, expendable low-cost robots that can
command themselves or other robots at various locations at the same time."

Fink and his team members at Caltech, the U.S. Geological Survey and the
University of Arizona are developing autonomous software and have built
a robotic test bed that can mimic a field geologist or astronaut,
capable of working independently and as part of a larger team. This
software will allow a robot to think on its own, identify problems and
possible hazards, determine areas of interest and prioritize targets for
a close-up look.

The way things work now, engineers command a rover or spacecraft to
carry out certain tasks and then wait for them to be executed. They have
little or no flexibility in changing their game plan as events unfold;
for example, to image a landslide or cryovolcanic eruption as it
happens, or investigate a methane outgassing event.

"In the future, multiple robots will be in the driver's seat," Fink
said. These robots would share information in almost real time. This
type of exploration may one day be used on a mission to Titan, Mars and
other planetary bodies. Current proposals for Titan would use an
orbiter, an air balloon and rovers or lake landers.

In this mission scenario, an orbiter would circle Titan with a global
view of the moon, with an air balloon or airship floating overhead to
provide a birds-eye view of mountain ranges, lakes and canyons. On the
ground, a rover or lake lander would explore the moon's nooks and
crannies. The orbiter would "speak" directly to the air balloon and
command it to fly over a certain region for a closer look. This aerial
balloon would be in contact with several small rovers on the ground and
command them to move to areas identified from overhead.

"This type of exploration is referred to as tier-scalable
reconnaissance," said Fink. "It's sort of like commanding a small army
of robots operating in space, in the air and on the ground simultaneously."

A rover might report that it's seeing smooth rocks in the local
vicinity, while the airship or orbiter could confirm that indeed the
rover is in a dry riverbed - unlike current missions, which focus only
on a global view from far above but can't provide information on a local
scale to tell the rover that indeed it is sitting in the middle of dry
riverbed.

A current example of this type of exploration can best be seen at Mars
with the communications relay between the rovers and orbiting spacecraft
like the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. However, that information is just
relayed and not shared amongst the spacecraft or used to directly
control them.

"We are basically heading toward making robots that command other
robots," said Fink, who is director of Caltech's Visual and Autonomous
Exploration Systems Research Laboratory, where this work has taken place.

"One day an entire fleet of robots will be autonomously commanded at
once. This armada of robots will be our eyes, ears, arms and legs in
space, in the air, and on the ground, capable of responding to their
environment without us, to explore and embrace the unknown," he added.

Papers describing this new exploration are published in the journal
"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine" and in the Proceedings of
the SPIE.

For more information on this work, visit http://autonomy.caltech.edu.
More information on JPL missions is at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/.

JPL is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology.

Media contact: Carolina Martinez/JPL 818-354-9382

Related Links

http://autonomy.caltech.edu

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/flybys/enceladus20091102/

Cassini
Enceladus Flyby - Nov. 2, 2009

E-7: Cassini's Return to the Plumes

On November 2, 2009, Cassini will make its deepest plume passage yet,
flying 102.7 kilometers (63.8 miles) from the surface of Enceladus.

The plume passage will allow in situ measurements by
fields-and-particles instruments such as the Ion and Neutral Mass
Spectrometer and the Cosmic Dust Analyzer, to gain an understanding of
plume and surface composition, and to investigate temporal variability
in the plume by comparing with data from previous flybys.

This is the seventh targeted flyby of Enceladus, sometimes referred to
as "E-7."

Enceladus Flyby
Nov. 2, 2009 (SCET)

*Altitude*
103 kilometers (64 miles)

*Speed*
7.7 km/sec (17,200 mph)

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Cassini Significant Events
for 10/21/09 - 10/27/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired on Oct. 27 from the
Deep Space Network tracking complex at Madrid, Spain.  The Cassini
spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and all subsystems are
operating normally. Information on the present position and speed of
the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the "Present Position" page
at: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm.

Wednesday, Oct. 21 (DOY 294):

Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday saw the conclusion of the 49th
Project Science Group meeting held at JPL.

Onboard the spacecraft, the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer performed
three observations as part of the Solar Wind-Aurora campaign. The
Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) spent about 26 hours this week
mapping the northern hemisphere of Saturn to determine upper
troposphere and tropopause temperatures and executed a stray light
calibration. Sunlight falling on the CIRS telescope can possibly be
scattered into the instrument by mirror imperfections. To quantify
the effects of ring particle impacts on the mirror performance, CIRS
monitored the scattered infrared solar radiation as a function of the
offset angle from the sun.  Imaging Science (ISS) spent about 25
hours searching for lightning on Saturn, observed the transits of
Rhea across Dione and Tethys, Enceladus across Tethys, and Titan
across Rhea.  ISS also observed the outer moon Bestia for about 6
hours, performed a post equinox, edge-on observation of the E Ring,
and performed Saturn photopolarimetry with the wide-angle camera,
measuring the intensity and polarization of reflected light.

Thursday, Oct. 22 (DOY 295):

Both S55 and S56 are currently in the Science and Sequence Update
Process (SSUP), the final sequence development process before uplink
to the spacecraft.  Today teams submitted any final Spacecraft
Activity Sequence Files (SASF) as part of the S55 Final Sequence
Integration and Validation phase. Changes this late in the process
are permitted for health and safety reasons only, rather than for
science enhancement.  For S56, the first SASFs were delivered as part
of the Sub-Sequence Generation (SSG) process.  Next week the
Preliminary Sequence Integration and Validation (PSIV1) cycle 1
merged background sequence products will be released along with the
stripped subsequences. These stripped subsequences are for review
purposes in the PSIV1 phase and the basis for the detailed
subsequences used to build the PSIV2 cycle 1 sequence products.

Monday, Oct. 26 (DOY 299)

The development process for the S54 E7 DOY 305 Live Update Block
kicked off today.  A special orbit determination solution was
delivered at 4:00 PM; the Sequence Phase List of Ancillary Files was
out by 7 PM.   The Go/No-go meeting will be Tuesday afternoon at 2:00
PM.  The schedule is somewhat compressed as the uplink windows are
Friday night and Saturday night/Sunday morning.

Final products from the S57 Science Operations Plan process were
handed off from Science Planning to Uplink Operations today.  The DSN
station allocation file has been posted for team access. Negotiations
are almost complete and are pending only the final two days.
Tomorrow the S57 SSUP kickoff/SSG waiver disposition meeting will be
held.

Tuesday, Oct. 27 (DOY 300)

The USTREAM TV archive of the Cassini scientists answering students'
questions about Saturn has received 630 views since it was posted one
week ago.  This translates to up to 19,000 people, depending on how
many viewers were individuals versus  classrooms of 30 students. To
view the video go to: http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/2391081.

An encounter strategy meeting was held today to cover the period
between Nov. 2 and Nov. 21, Enceladus flybys E7 and E8, and maneuvers
221-223.

The Cassini-Huygens Analysis and Results of the Mission (CHARM)
teleconference for October was held today.  Topic: "The Search for
Activity on Icy Satellites that aren't Enceladus." The presentation
package is online and available at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/video/products/MultimediaProductsCharm/

    ------------------------
Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more information about the
Cassini Project: <http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/>
    ------------------------

According to
http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/374-Jupiter-L-Named-H\
erse.html Jupiter L was named Herse.

Does anybody know what its provisional designation was?

Cassini Significant Events
for 11/04/09 - 11/10/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired on Nov. 10 from the
Deep Space Network tracking complex at Canberra, Australia.  The
Cassini spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and all
subsystems are operating normally.

Wednesday, Nov. 4 (DOY 308)

Today a meeting was held to present and discuss the results of the
Enceladus 7 flyby. The Spacecraft Team used AACS telemetry data
gathered from the 100 km E7 flyby to derive an estimate of the
Enceladus plume density and of the torque experienced by the
spacecraft due to the plume. After reviewing results from AACS and
the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS), the Project gave the go
ahead to do the E9 flyby on reaction wheels. INMS data was in good
agreement with the AACS analysis. The E9 flyby is nearly identical to
the E7 flyby, but with different instruments having pointing priority.

For the E9 flyby, Science Planning had asked all teams to deliver two
sets of input files, one for reaction wheels, and one for thrusters.
The version on thrusters will be archived and the reaction wheel
version will continue on in the sequence development process.

Thursday, Nov. 5 (DOY 309):

Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM) #221 was performed today.  This was the
cleanup maneuver from the Enceladus 7 encounter on Nov. 2.  The main
engine burn began at 2:44 AM PST. Telemetry immediately after the
maneuver showed a burn duration of 1.73 seconds, giving a delta-V of
0.298 m/s. All subsystems reported nominal performance after the
maneuver.

After the S55 final sequence approval meeting was held today, eight
Instrument Expanded Block files were uplinked for five instruments
and Optical Navigation. The background sequence will go up to the
spacecraft on Monday.

A scientist on the Visual and Infrared Mapping  Spectrometer team
wrote an update on the JPL Blog about the "First Morsels of Science"
coming back from the Enceladus flyby on Nov. 2. It is available at
http://blogs.jpl.nasa.gov/?p=58. The blog entry notes that mission
managers have cleared the spacecraft to do an April 28, 2010,
Enceladus flyby on reaction wheels, enabling scientists to do very
sensitive radio science measurements.

Friday, Nov. 6 (DOY 310):

At the S59 Science Forum on Nov. 2, it was pointed out that the Dione
2 flyby is only 1.5 days after the Titan 67 flyby, which brought up
an unlikely but not impossible scenario:  If something were to happen
during or shortly after the T67 flyby such that the Project needed to
weigh the return of D2 science versus T67 science, which should be
considered of higher science importance?

To start the evaluation it is important to know that in this case the
Project regards the science on both flybys as important. Both Imaging
Science (ISS) and Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) observations
are tagged as being high priority science for both flybys. Science
Planning pinged members of the instrument teams to get their feedback
on, if they had to choose, which would it be?  After reviewing the
responses, the answer was_ both flybys contain observations that are
at the highest priority.  It would appear to be a draw.  So now the
flight team would have to factor in what is happening operationally
at the time. There is no way in this still hypothetical case to
determine what the exact results would be, but factors in making a
decision include 1) what caused the incident, 2) is the DSN involved,
3) when is the next pass for downlink, 4) what is being kept on the
SSR, what is being overwritten, and when, 5) how much time does the
team have to decide, 6) is there time to command changes to what is
programmed in the background sequence, and, 7) are there other
scheduled onboard events that occur in the near term - such as a
maneuver or engineering activity - that might have an affect on the
plans that are made? It never is a simple decision, but at least the
flight team has given the matter some thought and will be prepared to
respond should it become necessary.

Monday, Nov. 9 (DOY 313)

The Target Working Team (TWT)/ Orbiter Science Team (OST) integrated
products for S60, covering orbits 131 through 133 in May and June,
2010, were delivered today. The integrated products are in their
final form and no re-integration is planned. The next step in
sequence development, Science Operations Plan (SOP) implementation,
will kick off on Nov. 23. The handoff package template from
integration to the SOP process has been updated to better track more
involved prime-rider pointing designs, and two new milestones have
been added to the S60 schedule for prime-rider coordination. Between
now and the kickoff, the instrument teams will be working on pointing
designs for the sequence.

Participating teams delivered Port 1 SASFs today as part of the SOP
process for S59.  As was mentioned earlier in this report, the files
include the Enceladus 9 flyby as designed for reaction wheels.

Tuesday, Nov. 10 (DOY 314)

An image of the recently illuminated north side of Saturn's rings was
Astronomy Picture of the Day today.  Check it out at:
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap091110.html

Science in a nutshell: This week ISS obtained wide angle camera data
for Saturn photopolarimetry 1x2 mosaics, collected images for
satellite orbit determination, searched for lightning on Saturn, took
a look at the outer moon Bestla, observed the E-ring at low
resolution, low elevation, and high-phase, and obtained narrow angle
camera images of Titan's shadow on Saturn. Looking at the shadow of
Titan on Saturn is useful for Titan aerosol science. This is a unique
geometry that only occurs a few times during the Extended Mission and
not at all in the prime tour or proposed Extended Extended Mission.

CIRS wrapped up the far-IR hemisphere mapping activity, with scans of
the northern hemisphere and pole of Saturn, and measured oxygen
compounds - H2O, CO2 - in the stratosphere as a function of latitude.

Magnetospheric and Plasma Science (MAPS) instruments continued the
southwest auroral campaign, began a magnetospheric boundaries
campaign, and began a southwest auroral campaign to observe the
auroral magnetosphere and Saturn Kilometric Radiation source regions.
The Cosmic Dust Analyzer conducted an observation that is part of the
ISD survey campaign.

UVIS performed several apoapse system scans of the Saturn
magnetosphere and mapped volatiles in the immediate neighborhood of
Enceladus. These icy atmosphere observations test the connection of
volatile changes to plume eruptions.

Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more information about the
Cassini Project: <http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/>
    ------------------------

http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/news_center/news/111209.php

New Horizons Roused for Long-Distance Checkup
November 12, 2009

Call it a burst of activity between naps: the New Horizons team woke
its Pluto-bound spacecraft from hibernation this week for some onboard
housekeeping.

On pre-programmed commands from controllers at the Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md. - transmitted to
the spacecraft in August through NASA's Deep Space Network of antenna
stations - New Horizons came out of hibernation on Nov. 9. The
spacecraft had been "sleeping" since Aug. 27, when it completed its
third annual instrument and system checkout.

"Although we hibernate about 90 percent of the time from August through
May each year, between checkouts we wake the spacecraft up in November
and January to re-point its antenna toward Earth and to conduct some
maintenance activities," says Mission Principal Investigator Alan Stern,
of the Southwest Research Institute. "So far, this wake up is going
smoothly."

Aside from turning the spacecraft's antenna, operators will also upload
some tweaks to New Horizons' fault-protection software. The team puts
the spacecraft back into hibernation on Nov. 20.

Distance milestone: Late tonight, New Horizons will reach 15
astronomical units from the Sun - the equivalent of 15 times the
distance from Earth to the Sun. Cruising between the orbits of Saturn
and Uranus, the spacecraft is speeding toward Pluto at 37,110 miles
(nearly 60,000 kilometers) per hour.

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/flybys/enceladus20091121/

Cassini
Enceladus Flyby - Nov. 21, 2009

E-8: Cassini Returns to the Tiger Stripes

On Nov. 21 Cassini will again fly by Enceladus, this time with a very
different geometry, approaching within 1,606 kilometers (997.9 miles) of
the surface. The closest approach will occur over 82 degrees south
latitude.

The spacecraft will again be under the control of thrusters during the
flyby, to allow for precise tracking of surface features during
closest-approach; the Composit Infrared Spectrograph (CIRS) instrument
will make a map of thermal emission from the tiger stripe Baghdad Sulcus.

This is the eighth targeted flyby of Enceladus; the flyby is sometimes
referred to as "E-8."

Enceladus Flyby
Nov. 21, 2009 (SCET)

Altitude
1,606 kilometers (998 miles)

Speed
7.7 km/sec (17,200 mph)

Details
+ Mission Description (PDF, 1.2 MB)
<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/files/20091102-21_enceladus_mission_description.pdf>

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=2372

Cassini Sends Back Images of Enceladus as Winter Nears
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
November 21, 2009

NASA's Cassini spacecraft has sailed seamlessly through the Nov. 21
flyby of Saturn's moon Enceladus and started transmitting uncalibrated
temperature data and images of the rippling terrain. These data and
images will be processed and analyzed in the coming weeks. They will
help scientists create the most-detailed-yet mosaic image of the
southern part of the moon's Saturn-facing hemisphere and a contiguous
thermal map of one of the intriguing "tiger stripe" features, with the
highest resolution to date.

"These first raw images are spectacular, and paint an even more
fascinating picture of Enceladus," said Bob Pappalardo, Cassini project
scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "The
Cassini teams will be delving into the data to better understand the
workings of this bizarre, active moon."

Scientists are particularly interested in the tiger stripes, which are
fissures in the south polar region, because they spew jets of water
vapor and other particles hundreds of kilometers, or miles, from the
surface. This flyby was scientists' last peek at the tiger stripes
before the south pole fades into the darkness of winter for several
years. The thermal imaging work focused on the tiger stripe known as
Baghdad Sulcus.

The Nov. 21 encounter, which is sometimes called "E8" because it is the
eighth targeted flyby of Enceladus, brought Cassini to within about
1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) of the moon's surface, at around 82
degrees south latitude. Cassini is now cruising toward Rhea, another one
of Saturn's moons, for more imaging and mapping work.

To see a full gallery of raw images, click here
<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/raw/>. For more information on the
flyby, click here
<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/flybys/enceladus20091121/>.


[Image]

Unprocessed image from Cassini's Enceladus flyby

This unprocessed image was captured by NASA's Cassini spacecraft during
its Nov. 21, 2009 flyby of Saturn's moon Enceladus. It shows the ridges
and fractures on the surface of the icy moon. Image credit:
NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Full image and caption
<http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/cassini-b-20091121.html>


enlarge image
<http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/cassini/20091121/cassini20091121-b-full.jpg>

Cassini Significant Events
for 11/11/09 - 11/17/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired
on Nov. 17 from the Deep Space Network tracking
complex at Canberra, Australia. The Cassini
spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and
all subsystems are operating normally.
Information on the present position and speed of
the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the
"Present Position" page at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/presentposition/ .

Wednesday, Nov. 11 (DOY 315)

Based on analysis of the preliminary data, the
Navigation Team proposed the cancellation of
Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM) #222, planned to
execute on Nov. 12. This was approved by the
project. NAV also noted that it might be possible
to cancel OTM-223. Cancellation was contingent
upon an update to Enceladus pointing and
agreement by the various instrument teams.
Science Planning performed an OTM cancellation
assessment based on a preliminary spacecraft
ephemeris without the maneuver in it. The results
are very clear: an unplanned Live Inertial Vector
Propagator (IVP) update for Enceladus would need
to be performed should both OTMs be canceled. The
instrument teams completed their evaluation of
the proposed pointing update to Enceladus and
Rhea vectors on DOY 324-325 during the Enceladus
8 flyby period. The unplanned live update is a
go, and OTM-223 has also been cancelled.

In addition to the Live IVP update mentioned
above, Uplink Operations held a kickoff meeting
for the Radio Science (RSS) Enceladus 8 Live
Update Block (LUB) on DOY 324. RSS has evaluated
the most recent data and no updates will be
required to the product developed alongside the
background sequence development in October. These
files will be uplinked to the spacecraft on Nov. 18.

Thursday, Nov. 12 (DOY 316):

A news note on the Cassini Web page highlighted
an image of the massive bright clouds of tiny ice
particles hovering above the darkened rings of
Saturn. The picture was taken on Sept. 22, around
the time of Saturn's equinox, when the icy
particle clouds appeared particularly dramatic
because of the unique lighting geometry of the
equinox period. These levitating icy particle
clouds, which are known as "spokes," have a
radial extent of up to 10,000 kilometers. For the
complete text of the feature link to:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20091113/

Judges have selected the U.S. winners for the
Cassini Scientist for a Day essay contest.
Details on the contest, selected essays, and images can be found at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/education/scientistforaday8thedition/sfad8thview/

Friday, Nov. 13 (DOY 317):

Science and engineering teams delivered files for
the third and final input port for the S58
Science Operations Plan process. The files have
been merged and released for review. The process
concludes Nov. 30 with the final development
process - the Science and Sequence Update Process -
beginning the following week. S58 execution begins
March 1, 2010.

The S54 sequence concluded and S55 began
execution today at 2009-315T12:44 PST. The
sequence will run for 39 days and conclude on
Dec. 22. During that time there will be two
targeted encounters, one of Enceladus and one of
Titan, and six non-targeted flybys - one each of
Helene, Pandora, Titan, Calypso, Rhea and
Pallene. Six maneuvers are scheduled, numbered 223
through 228.

Science at the start of S55 included observations
for an Optical Remote Sensing Titan cloud
monitoring campaign. Imaging Science then
observed the dark-side of Saturn in search of
lightning, obtained images of the transits of
Titan across Hyperion and Enceladus across Rhea
for orbit determination purposes, conducted
Saturn wide angle camera photopolarimetry
observations, and imaged a couple of stars as
part of a charge transfer calibration.
Magnetospheric and Plasma Science (MAPS)
instruments continued with the solar wind-aurora
campaign, and began a magnetospheric boundaries
campaign. The Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph
performed observations as part of a large
campaign to measure Saturn's magnetosphere at
apoapsis, and took a distant look at Enceladus to
map volatiles in the immediate neighborhood.
These observations will test the connection of
volatile changes to plume eruptions.

Tuesday, Nov. 17 (DOY 321)

An encounter strategy meeting was held today to
cover the period between Nov. 21 and Dec. 12,
Enceladus flyby E8 and Titan flyby T63, and
maneuvers 224 - 226. Navigation has determined
that maneuver #224 is a good candidate for early
uplink. After examining the schedule, it appears
that there are two DSN passes early Saturday
morning after the main engine cover is reopened that would work.


Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more
information about the Cassini Project:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/
    ------------------------

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2009-176

Cassini Captures Ghostly Dance Of Saturn's Northern Lights
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
November 24, 2009

PASADENA, Calif. - In the first video showing the auroras above the
northern latitudes of Saturn, Cassini has spotted the tallest known
"northern lights" in the solar system, flickering in shape and
brightness high above the ringed planet.

The new video reveals changes in Saturn's aurora every few minutes, in
high resolution, with three dimensions. The images show a previously
unseen vertical profile to the auroras, which ripple in the video like
tall curtains. These curtains reach more than 1,200 kilometers (750
miles) above the edge of the planet's northern hemisphere.

The new video and still images are online at:
http://www.nasa.gov/cassini , http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and
http://ciclops.org .

Auroras occur on Earth, Jupiter, Saturn and a few other planets, and the
new images will help scientists better understand how they are generated.

"The auroras have put on a dazzling show, shape-shifting rapidly and
exposing curtains that we suspected were there, but hadn't seen on
Saturn before," said Andrew Ingersoll of the California Institute of
Technology in Pasadena, who is a member of the Cassini imaging team that
processed the new video. "Seeing these things on another planet helps us
understand them a little better when we see them on Earth."

Auroras appear mostly in the high latitudes near a planet's magnetic
poles. When charged particles from the magnetosphere -- the magnetic
bubble surrounding a planet -- plunge into the planet's upper
atmosphere, they cause the atmosphere to glow. The curtain shapes show
the paths that these charged particles take as they flow along the lines
of the magnetic field between the magnetosphere and the uppermost part
of the atmosphere.

The height of the curtains on Saturn exposes a key difference between
Saturn's atmosphere and our own, Ingersoll said. While Earth's
atmosphere has a lot of oxygen and nitrogen, Saturn's atmosphere is
composed primarily of hydrogen. Because hydrogen is very light, the
atmosphere and auroras reach far out from Saturn. Earth's auroras tend
to flare only about 100 to 500 kilometers (60 to 300 miles) above the
surface.

The speed of the auroral changes in the video is comparable to some of
those on Earth, but scientists are still working to understand the
processes that produce these rapid changes. The height will also help
them learn how much energy is required to light up auroras.

"I was wowed when I saw these images and the curtain," said Tamas
Gombosi of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, who chairs Cassini's
magnetosphere and plasma science working group. "Put this together with
the other data Cassini has collected on the auroras so far, and you
really get a new science."

Ultraviolet and infrared instruments on Cassini have captured images of
and data from Saturn's auroras before, but in these latest images,
Cassini's narrow-angle camera was able to capture the northern lights in
the visible part of the light spectrum, in higher resolution. The movie
was assembled from nearly 500 still pictures spanning 81 hours between
Oct. 5 and Oct. 8, 2009. Each picture had an exposure time of two or
three minutes. The camera shot pictures from the night side of Saturn.

The images were originally obtained in black and white, and the imaging
team highlighted the auroras in false-color orange. The oxygen and
nitrogen in Earth's upper atmosphere contribute to the colorful flashes
of green, red and even purple in our auroras. But scientists are still
working to determine the true color of the auroras at Saturn, whose
atmosphere lacks those chemicals.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the
European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in
Pasadena, manages the mission for the Science Mission Directorate at
NASA Headquarters in Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard
cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL.  The imaging team
is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.

Jia-Rui C. Cook 818-354-0850
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
jia-rui.c.cook@...

Joe Mason 720-974-5859
Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.
jmason@...

2009-176

Welcome to the Space Calendar!

This Space Calendar covers space-related activities and anniversaries
for the upcoming year.  It is also available on the web at:

      http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/calendar/

The web version of the Space Calendar includes over 1,800 links to related
home pages.

This calendar is compiled and maintained by Ron Baalke.  Please send any
updates or corrections to ron@....  Note that launch dates
are subject to change at any time.  Also, note that anniversary dates are
listed in 5 year increments only.

The following people have contributed to this month's calendar:

o Dieter Kaemmer, Vicky Barlow


                           =========================
                                SPACE CALENDAR
                               November 25, 2009
                           =========================

* indicates changes from last month's calendar.

November 2009
   Nov 25 - Comet C/2007 VO53 (Spacewatch) Closest Approach To Earth (4.499 AU)
* Nov 25 - Asteroid 2009 WS25 Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
   Nov 25 - Asteroid 3353 Jarvis Closest Approach To Earth (1.000 AU)
   Nov 25 - Asteroid 2975 Spahr Closest Approach To Earth (1.395 AU)
   Nov 25 - Asteroid 67 Asia Closest Approach To Earth (1.597 AU)
   Nov 26 - Asteroid 6156 Dall Occults HIP 107596 (6.2 Magnitude Star)
   Nov 26 - Asteroid 149244 Kriegh Closest Approach To Earth (1.418 AU)
   Nov 26 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Galileo Io 25 Flyby
   Nov 26 - 10th Anniversary (1999), Discovery of SAU 005 & 008 (Mars Meteorites)
* Nov 27 - Space Shuttle Discovery Returns To Earth (STS-129)
   Nov 27 - Comet P/2003 A1 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (1.691 AU)
* Nov 27 - Asteroid 2009 WQ52 Near-Earth Flyby (0.008 AU)
   Nov 27 - Asteroid 2791 Paradise Closest Approach To Earth (1.517 AU)
* Nov 28 - IGS-4A/IGS-4B H-2A Launch
   Nov 28 - Comet 54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT Perihelion (2.172 AU)
* Nov 28 - Comet C/2009 T1 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (6.023 AU)
   Nov 28 - Asteroid 433 Eros Occults TYC 0562-01167-1 (10.4 Magnitude Star)
* Nov 28 - Asteroid 2009 WV7 Near-Earth Flyby (0.032 AU)
* Nov 28 - Asteroid 2009 VR25 Near-Earth Flyby (0.084 AU)
   Nov 28 - 45th Anniversary (1964), Mariner 4 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)
* Nov 29 - Intelsat 15 Zenit 3SLB Launch
   Nov 29 - MESSENGER, Deep Space Maneuver 5 (DSM-5)
   Nov 29 - Asteroid 6469 Armstrong Closest Approach To Earth (1.417 AU)
   Nov 29 - Asteroid 5451 Plato Closest Approach To Earth (1.891 AU)
   Nov 30 - Comet 169P/NEAT Perihelion (0.608 AU)
   Nov 30 - Asteroid 2005 XC1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.077 AU)
   Nov 30 - 55th Anniversary (1954), Sylacauga Meteorite Fall (Hit Woman)

December 2009
   Dec ?? - Ofeq 8 Shavit 2 Launch (Israel)
   Dec ?? - Shi Jian 9 CZ-2D2 Launch (China)
* Dec ?? - Direct-TV 12 Proton M-Briz M Launch
* Dec ?? - HealthSat (G-Sat 4)/Tauvex GSLV Launch
* Dec ?? - Beidou 2G F-2 (Compass G F-2) CZ-3C Launch
* Dec 01 - Soyuz Return To Earth (International Space Station)
* Dec 01 - Asteroid 2009 WV25 Near-Earth Flyby (0.007 AU)
   Dec 01 - Asteroid 2006 WQ127 Near-Earth Flyby (0.037 AU)
   Dec 02 - Asteroid 9951 Tyrannosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.688 AU)
   Dec 02 - Asteroid 1981 Midas Closest Approach To Earth (2.227 AU)
   Dec 02 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Pioneer 11, Jupiter Flyby
* Dec 03 - Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS-3) F-3 Delta 4M Launch
   Dec 03 - Kuiper Belt Object 19521 Chaos Closest Approach To Earth (40.745 AU)
   Dec 03 - 105th Anniversary (1904), Charles Perrine's Discovery of Himalia
(Jupiter Moon)
   Dec 04 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #225 (OTM-225)
   Dec 04 - Asteroid 3905 Doppler Closest Approach To Earth (0.978 AU)
   Dec 04 - Asteroid 31664 Randiiwessen Closest Approach To Earth (1.746 AU)
   Dec 04 - 50th Anniversary (1959), Little Joe 2 Launch (Monkey "Sam")
   Dec 05 - Comet 203P/Korlevic Closest Approach To Earth (2.217 AU)
* Dec 05 - Asteroid 2009 WA52 Near-Earth Flyby (0.021 AU)
   Dec 05 - Asteroid 3728 IRAS Closest Approach To Earth (1.252 AU)
   Dec 06 - Comet 137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2 Closest Approach To Earth (1.727 AU)
   Dec 06 - Comet 100P/Hartley Perihelion (1.982 AU)
   Dec 06 - Asteroid 7046 Reshetnev Occults HIP 7447 (6.0 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 07 - Asteroid 2002 XN14 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Dec 07 - Asteroid 1198 Atlantis Closest Approach To Earth (1.192 AU)
   Dec 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 2004 XR190 Closest Approach To Earth (57.011 AU)
   Dec 08 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #226 (OTM-226)
   Dec 08 - Comet C/2009 U3 (Hill) Closest Approach To Earth (1.143 AU)
   Dec 08 - Asteroid 2829 Bobhope Closest Approach To Earth (2.494 AU)
* Dec 09 - Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Delta 2 Launch
* Dec 09 - Helios 2 Ariane 5 Launch
   Dec 09 - Cassini, Distant Helene Flyby
   Dec 09 - Comet P/2008 J3 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (2.138 AU)
   Dec 09 - Comet 200P/Larsen Closest Approach To Earth (3.103 AU)
   Dec 09 - Asteroid 19 Fortuna At Opposition (9.3 Magnitude)
   Dec 09 - Asteroid 2825 Crosby Closest Approach To Earth (0.912 AU)
   Dec 09 - Asteroid 2309 Mr. Spock Closest Approach To Earth (1.802 AU)
   Dec 10 - Comet C/2009 U1 (Garradd) Closest Approach To Earth (3.043 AU)
   Dec 10 - Asteroid 9965 GNU Closest Approach To Earth (1.854 AU)
   Dec 10 - Asteroid 334 Chicago Closest Approach To Earth (2.987 AU)
   Dec 10 - 10th Anniversary (1999), X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton)
Launch
   Dec 10 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Claxton Meteorite Fall (Hit Mailbox)
   Dec 10 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Helios 1 Launch (Solar Orbiter)
   Dec 11 - Asteroid 3767 DiMaggio Closest Approach To Earth (1.805 AU)
   Dec 12 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Dec 12 - Comet 226P/Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski Closest Approach To Earth (2.060
AU)
   Dec 13 - Geminids Meteor Shower Peak
   Dec 13 - Asteroid 7754 Gopalan Occults HIP 13327 (5.5 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 13 - Asteroid 9349 Lucas Closest Approach To Earth (1.421 AU)
   Dec 13 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Cassini, 2nd Titan Flyby
   Dec 13 - Sir William Hunter McCrea's 105th Birthday (1904)
* Dec 14 - Cosmos-Glonass M21,M22 & M23 Proton M-DM2 Launch
   Dec 14 - Asteroid 128 Nemesis Closest Approach To Earth (1.598 AU)
   Dec 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #227 (OTM-227)
   Dec 15 - Comet 220P/McNaught Perihelion (1.549 AU)
   Dec 15 - Asteroid 1745 Ferguson Occults HIP 34351 (6.8 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 15 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Vega 1 Launch (Soviet Venus/Comet Halley
Mission)
   Dec 16 - 15th Anniversary (1994), Discovery of QUE 94201 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Dec 17 - Asteroid 4 Vesta Occults TYC 0845-00848-1 (11.9 Magnitude Star)
* Dec 17 - Asteroid 2009 WD11 Near-Earth Flyby (0.091 AU)
   Dec 19 - Asteroid 5841 Stone Closest Approach To Earth (0.942 AU)
   Dec 20 - Soyuz TMA-17 Soyuz FG Launch (International Space Station 21S)
   Dec 20 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #228 (OTM-228)
   Dec 20 - Asteroid 2002 PR1 Near-Ceres Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Dec 20 - Asteroid 3568 ASCII Closest Approach To Earth (2.394 AU)
   Dec 20 - Ames Research Center's 70th Birthday (1939)
   Dec 20 - Mt. Wilson Observatory's 105th Birthday (1904)
   Dec 21 - Winter Solstice (17:47 UT)
   Dec 21 - Comet 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 Closest Approach To Earth (2.624 AU)
* Dec 21 - Comet C/2009 W2 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (6.029 AU)
   Dec 21 - Asteroid 7000 Curie Closest Approach To Earth (1.361 AU)
   Dec 21 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Vega 2 Launch (Soviet Venus/Comet Halley
Mission)
   Dec 22 - Ursids Meteor Shower Peak
   Dec 22 - Comet 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4 Closest Approach To Earth (1.019 AU)
   Dec 22 - Asteroid 2003 YL118 Near-Earth Flyby (0.034 AU)
   Dec 22 - Asteroid 8084 Dallas Closest Approach To Earth (1.705 AU)
   Dec 23 - Asteroid 64070 NEAT Closest Approach To Earth (1.153 AU)
* Dec 24 - Raduga 1M-2 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Dec 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #229 (OTM-229)
   Dec 24 - Comet P/2003 CP7 (LINEAR-NEAT) Closest Approach To Earth (2.822 AU)
   Dec 24 - Asteroid 224 Oceana Occults HIP 26034 (6.6 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 24 - Asteroid 2007 MK13 Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
   Dec 24 - Asteroid 4547 Massachusetts Closest Approach To Earth (1.603 AU)
   Dec 24 - 30th Anniversary (1979), Inaugural Ariane 1 Launch
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 11 Parthenope At Opposition (9.9 Magnitude)
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 2004 XG29 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Dec 25 - Asteroid 6456 Golombek Closest Approach To Earth (1.968 AU)
   Dec 26 - Cassini, Distant Tethys Flyby
   Dec 26 - Asteroid 2008 YZ32 Near-Earth Flyby (0.055 AU)
   Dec 26 - Asteroid 51829 Williemccool Closest Approach To Earth (1.350 AU)
   Dec 26 - 35th Anniversary (1974), Salyut 4 Launch (USSR Space Station)
   Dec 27 - Comet 30P/Reinmuth 1 Closest Approach To Earth (1.180 AU)
   Dec 27 - Asteroid 2161 Grissom Closest Approach To Earth (1.663 AU)
   Dec 27 - 25th Anniversary (1984), Discovery of ALH84001 (Mars Meteorite)
   Dec 28 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
* Dec 28 - Gonets D1/Yubileyniy 2 Rocket KM Launch
* Dec 28 - Comet P/2005 JQ5 (Catalina) Perihelion (0.823 AU)
   Dec 28 - Asteroid 1998 HE3 Near-Venus Flyby (0.017 AU)
   Dec 28 - Asteroid 324 Bamberga At Opposition (9.8 Magnitude)
   Dec 28 - Maarten Schmidt's 80th Birthday (1929)
   Dec 29 - Asteroid 599 Luisa Occults HIP 26592 (6.6 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 29 - Asteroid 5290 Langevin Occults HIP 20268 (5.8 Magnitude Star)
   Dec 29 - Asteroid 896 Sphinx Closest Approach To Earth (1.649 AU)
   Dec 30 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #230 (OTM-230)
   Dec 31 - Venus, Express, Mars Express, End of Extended Mission
   Dec 31 - Partial Lunar Eclipse
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 2362 Mark Twain Closest Approach To Earth (1.258 AU)
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 7367 Giotto Closest Approach To Earth (2.209 AU)
   Dec 31 - Asteroid 4169 Celsius Closest Approach To Earth (2.216 AU)
   Dec 31 - 5th Anniversary (2004), Cassini, Iapetus Flyby
   Dec 31 - Robert Aiken's 145th Birthday (1864)

January 2010
   Jan ?? - X-Sat PSLV Launch
   Jan ?? - SRE-2 PSLV Launch
   Jan ?? - ResourceSat 2/YouthSat PSLV Launch (India)
* Jan ?? - Mesbah Safir 2 Launch (Iran)
* Jan ?? - TanDEM-X Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jan 01 - Comet C/2009 O4 (Hill) Perihelion (2.564 AU)
   Jan 01 - Asteroid 25143 Itokawa Closest Approach To Earth (0.571 AU)
   Jan 01 - Asteroid 6984 Lewiscarroll Closest Approach To Earth (2.306 AU)
   Jan 02 - Comet 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4 Perihelion (1.984 AU)
   Jan 02 - Asteroid 9342 Carygrant Closest Approach To Earth (1.350 AU)
   Jan 02 - Isaac Asimov's 90th Birthday (1920)
   Jan 02 - Leslie Peltier's 110th Birthday (1900)
   Jan 03 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower Peak
   Jan 03 - Asteroid 6524 Baalke Closest Approach To Earth (1.252 AU)
   Jan 03 - 10th Annivesary (2000), Galileo, Europa 26 Flyby
   Jan 04 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #231 (OTM-231)
   Jan 04 - Earth At Perihelion (0.983 AU From Sun)
   Jan 04 - Asteroid 1461 Jean-Jacques Occults HIP 46938 (6.3 Magnitude Star)
   Jan 05 - Comet 82P/Gehrels 3 Closest Approach To Earth (2.650 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 1069 Planckia Closest Approach To Earth (2.047 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 8000 Isaac Newton Closest Approach To Earth (2.333 AU)
   Jan 05 - Asteroid 2404 Antarctica Closest Approach To Earth (2.520 AU)
   Jan 05 - 105th Anniversary (1905), Charles Perrine's Discovery of Jupiter Moon
Elara
   Jan 06 - Comet P/2005 S2 (Skiff) Closest Approach To Earth (6.374 AU)
   Jan 06 - Asteroid 9963 Sandage Closest Approach To Earth (1.473 AU)
   Jan 06 - Asteroid 2305 King Closest Approach To Earth (1.807 AU)
   Jan 06 - Asteroid 3784 Chopin Closest Approach To Earth (2.673 AU)
   Jan 06 - 25th Anniversary (1985), La Criolla Meteorite Fall (Hit House)
   Jan 07 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Sakigake Launch (Japan Comet Halley Mission)
   Jan 07 - 400th Anniversary (1610), Galileo Galilei's Discovery of Jupiter's
Moons
   Jan 08 - Asteroid 2005 YO3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Jan 08 - Asteroid 12382 Niagara Falls Closest Approach To Earth (1.922 AU)
   Jan 09 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #232 (OTM-232)
   Jan 09 - 20th Anniversary (1990), STS-32 Columbia Launch (LDEF Satellite)
   Jan 10 - Asteroid 10221 Kubrick Closest Approach To Earth (1.373 AU)
   Jan 11 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pandora & Methone
   Jan 12 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jan 12 - Comet 169P/NEAT Near-Earth Flyby (0.194 AU)
   Jan 12 - Comet P/2009 T2 (La Sagra) Perihelion (1.755 AU)
* Jan 12 - Comet C/2009 T3 (LINEAR) Perihelion (2.281 AU)
   Jan 12 - Comet 82P/Gehrels 3 Perihelion (3.633 AU)
   Jan 12 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Deep Impact Delta 2 Launch,
   Jan 12 - Royal Astronomical Society's 190th Birthday (1820)
* Jan 13 - Comet P/2005 JQ5 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (1.659 AU)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 9885 Linux Closest Approach To Earth (1.237 AU)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 3350 Scobee Closest Approach To Earth (1.715 AU)
   Jan 13 - Asteroid 2421 Nininger Closest Approach To Earth (2.334 AU)
   Jan 13 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Discovery of EETA 79001 (Mars Meteorite)
   Jan 14 - Asteroid 1134 Kepler Closest Approach To Earth (2.444 AU)
   Jan 14 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Huygens Probe, Titan Landing
   Jan 15 - Annular Solar Eclipse, Visible in Africa, India & China
   Jan 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #233 (OTM-233)
   Jan 15 - Asteroid 9000 Hal Closest Approach To Earth (1.707 AU)
   Jan 16 - Comet C/2009 Q4 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (0.581 AU)
   Jan 16 - Asteroid 6524 Baalke Occults TYC 0750-00975-1 (10.4 Magnitude Star)
   Jan 16 - Asteroid 29075 (1950 DA) Closest Approach To Earth (0.901 AU)
   Jan 17 - Comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels Closest Approach To Earth (1.822 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 2009 DA43 Near-Earth Flyby (0.092 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 5554 Keesey Closest Approach To Earth (1.235 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 35352 Texas Closest Approach To Earth (1.917 AU)
   Jan 17 - Asteroid 13681 Monty Python Closest Approach To Earth (2.194 AU)
   Jan 18 - Asteroid 2008 XM Near-Earth Flyby (0.079 AU)
   Jan 19 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon Janus
   Jan 19 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 2 launch (Unmanned Suborbital Flight)
   Jan 19 - 170th Anniversary (1840), Discovery of Antarctica
   Jan 20 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #234 (OTM-234)
   Jan 20 - Asteroid 11714 Mikebrown Closest Approach To Earth (2.347 AU)
   Jan 20 - Buzz Aldrin's 80th Birthday (1930)
* Jan 21 - Asteroid 1239 Queteleta Occults HIP 30501 (6.4 Magnitude Star)
   Jan 21 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Little Joe Launch (Miss Sam Monkey)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 2003 BH Near-Earth Flyby (0.091 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 7672 Hawking Closest Approach To Earth (1.226 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 12574 LONEOS Closest Approach To Earth (1.493 AU)
   Jan 22 - Asteroid 7231 Porco Closest Approach To Earth (2.390 AU)
   Jan 24 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of Dhofar 019 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Jan 24 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hiten Launch (Japan Moon Orbiter)
   Jan 25 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #235 (OTM-235)
   Jan 25 - Asteroid 9949 Brontosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.357 AU)
   Jan 26 - Asteroid 2198 Ceplecha Closest Approach To Earth (1.490 AU)
   Jan 26 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon
Epimetheus
   Jan 27 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione, Telesto, Methone, Pan & Prometheus
   Jan 27 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (25 Degrees)
   Jan 27 - Asteroid 3768 Monroe Closest Approach To Earth (2.357 AU)
   Jan 28 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jan 28 - Mars Closest Approach To Earth (0.664 AU)
* Jan 28 - Asteroid 293 Brasilia Closest Approach To Earth (1.637 AU)
   Jan 28 - Asteroid 14702 Benclark Closest Approach To Earth (2.323 AU)
   Jan 28 - Asteroid 37452 Spirit Closest Approach To Earth (2.830 AU)
   Jan 29 - Mars at Opposition
* Jan 29 - Comet C/2009 U6 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (1.362 AU)
   Jan 29 - Comet P/1998 VS24 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (3.286 AU)
   Jan 29 - Asteroid 6775 Giorgini Closest Approach To Earth (2.112 AU)
   Jan 30 - Asteroid 2008 CN1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
   Jan 31 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #236 (OTM-236)
   Jan 31 - Comet 224P/LINEAR-NEAT Perihelion (1.990 AU)
* Jan 31 - Comet C/2009 W1 (Hill) Closest Approach To Earth (2.112 AU)

February 2010
   Feb ?? - Cosmo-Skymed 4 Delta 2 Launch
   Feb ?? - Badr 5 (Arabsat 5B) Ariane 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - TacSat 1 Falcon 1 Launch
   Feb ?? - Astra 3-B Ariane 5 Launch
   Feb ?? - Beidou 2-C (Compass M-2) CZ-3A Launch
   Feb ?? - Prisma/Picard Dnepr 1 Launch
   Feb ?? - COMS 1 Ariane 5 Launch
* Feb 01 - Asteroid 6019 (1991 RO6) Occults HIP 58450 (6.5 Magnitude Star)
   Feb 01 - Asteroid 9937 Triceratops Closest Approach To Earth (1.588 AU)
* Feb 02 - Dragon Qualification Unit Falcon 9 Launch (Inaugural Test Launch)
* Feb 02 - Asteroid 1091 Spiraea Occults HIP 46232 (6.3 Magnitude Star)
   Feb 02 - Comet C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) Closest Approach To Earth (2.193 AU)
   Feb 03 - Progress M-4M Soyuz U Launch (International Space Station 36P)
   Feb 03 - Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atlas 5 Launch
* Feb 03 - Asteroid 1248 Jugurtha Occults HIP 17408 (6.3 Magnitude Star)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 2008 CD119 Near-Earth Flyby (0.072 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 9770 Discovery Closest Approach To Earth (1.167 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 1862 Apollo Closest Approach To Earth (1.306 AU)
   Feb 03 - Asteroid 12820 Robinwilliams Closest Approach To Earth (2.009 AU)
   Feb 04 - STS-130 Launch, Space Shuttle Endeavour, Node 3, Cupola,
International Space Station
* Feb 04 - Comet C/2009 U5 (Grauer) Closest Approach To Earth (5.171 AU)
   Feb 04 - Asteroid 2008 CL20 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Feb 04 - Asteroid 2001 UF18 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.026 AU)
   Feb 06 - Asteroid 2001 SF286 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.036 AU)
   Feb 07 - Comet C/2009 K2 (Catalina) Perihelion (3.246 AU)
   Feb 07 - Asteroid 2099 Opik Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Feb 07 - Asteroid 4701 Milani Closest Approach To Earth (1.795 AU)
   Feb 08 - Comet 203P/Korlevic Perihelion (3.182 AU)
   Feb 08 - Comet 139P/Vaisala-Oterma Closest Approach To Earth (3.377 AU)
   Feb 08 - Asteroid 216 Kleopatra Closest Approach To Earth (1.917 AU)
   Feb 08 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of GRV 99027 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Feb 09 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Galileo, Venus Flyby
   Feb 10 - Comet C/2009 P2 (Boattini) Perihelion (6.544 AU)
* Feb 10 - Asteroid 4 Vesta Occults TYC 1423-00836-1 (9.7 Magnitude Star)
   Feb 10 - Asteroid 2008 CQ116 Near-Earth Flyby (0.050 AU)
   Feb 10 - Asteroid 6000 United Nations Closest Approach To Earth (2.018 AU)
   Feb 11 - Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 Closest Approach To Earth (5.207 AU)
   Feb 11 - Asteroid 8952 ODAS Closest Approach To Earth (1.658 AU)
   Feb 11 - Asteroid 48300 Kronk Closest Approach To Earth (2.050 AU)
   Feb 11 - Kuiper Belt Object 55565 (2002 AW197) Closest Approach To Earth
(45.458 AU)
   Feb 11 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Ohsumi Launch (Japan's 1st Satellite)
   Feb 12 - Asteroid 2009 UN3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Feb 12 - Asteroid 17023 Abbott Closest Approach To Earth (1.164 AU)
   Feb 12 - Asteroid 1991 Darwin Closest Approach To Earth (1.721 AU)
   Feb 13 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso & Epimetheus
   Feb 13 - Cassini, Mimas Flyby
   Feb 13 - Asteroid 2001 TE2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Feb 13 - Asteroid 17196 Mastrodemos Closest Approach To Earth (1.653 AU)
   Feb 14 - Chinese New Year
   Feb 14 - Asteroid 1996 BG1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.042 AU)
   Feb 14 - 10th Anniversary (2000), NEAR, Asteroid Eros Orbit Insertion
   Feb 14 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Voyager 1, Family Portrait Images
   Feb 14 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Solar Maximum Mission Launch
   Feb 15 - NROL-29 Atlas 5 Launch
* Feb 15 - Asteroid 2598 Merlin Closest Approach To Earth (1.744 AU)
   Feb 17 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Ranger 8 Launch (Moon Impact Mission)
   Feb 18 - Asteroid 2005 YQ96 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.034 AU)
   Feb 18 - Asteroid 2991 Bilbo Closest Approach To Earth (1.760 AU)
   Feb 18 - 80th Anniversary (1930), Clyde Tombaugh's Discovery of Pluto
   Feb 19 - Comet 149P/Mueller 4 Perihelion (2.651 AU)
   Feb 19 - Asteroid 9941 Iguanodo Closest Approach To Earth (1.066 AU)
   Feb 19 - Kuiper Belt Object 90482 Orcus Closest Approach To Earth (46.951 AU)
   Feb 20 - Comet 157P/Tritton Perihelion (1.360 AU)
   Feb 20 - Asteroid 2009 UD2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.038 AU)
   Feb 20 - Asteroid 2002 XY38 Near-Earth Flyby (0.042 AU)
   Feb 20 - Asteroid 17024 Costello Closest Approach To Earth (1.545 AU)
   Feb 21 - Tom Gehrels' 85th Birthday (1925)
   Feb 22 - Comet 81P/Wild 2 Perihelion (1.598 AU)
   Feb 22 - Comet 126P/IRAS Perihelion (1.713 AU)
   Feb 22 - Asteroid 4 Vesta Closest Approach To Earth (1.411 AU)
   Feb 22 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Galileo, Io 27 Flyby
   Feb 23 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #237 (OTM-237)
   Feb 23 - Comet 94P/Russell Closest Approach To Earth (1.275 AU)
* Feb 25 - GOES-P Delta 4M Launch
* Feb 25 - Cryosat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
* Feb 25 - Asteroid 1 Ceres Occults TYC 6243-00292-1 (11.1 Magnitude Star)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 33342 (1998 WT24) Near-Mercury Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 88292 Bora-Bora Closest Approach To Earth (1.790 AU)
   Feb 25 - Asteroid 9661 Hohmann Closest Approach To Earth (3.896 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 2009 FY4 Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 3808 Tempel Closest Approach To Earth (0.974 AU)
   Feb 26 - Asteroid 99942 Apophis Closest Approach To Earth (1.631 AU)
   Feb 27 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #238 (OTM-238)
* Feb 27 - Asteroid 532 Herculina Occults HIP 60599 (6.2 Magnitude Star)
   Feb 28 - Comet P/1999 XN120 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (2.837 AU)

March 2010
   Mar ?? - HJ-1C CZ-2C Launch
   Mar ?? - Pleiades 1 Soyuz 2-1b-Fregat Launch
* Mar ?? - Cosmos-Garpun N-1Proton M-Briz M Launch
* Mar ?? - Cartosat 2B/Jugnu PSLV-C15 Launch
   Mar 01 - Asteroid 2007 EF Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Mar 01 - Asteroid 39382 Opportunity Closest Approach To Earth (2.932 AU)
   Mar 01 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Laques & Lechaceux's Discovery of Saturn
Moon Helene
   Mar 02 - Cassini, Rhea Flyby
   Mar 02 - Comet 65P/Gunn Perihelion (2.440 AU)
   Mar 02 - Asteroid 2001 PT9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.032 AU)
   Mar 02 - Asteroid 18106 Blume Closest Approach To Earth (2.705 AU)
   Mar 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso
   Mar 03 - Cassini, Helene Flyby
   Mar 03 - Asteroid 2742 Gibson Closest Approach To Earth (1.979 AU)
   Mar 03 - Asteroid 11881 Mirstation Closest Approach To Earth (2.115 AU)
* Mar 04 - Asteroid 40227 Tahiti Closest Approach To Earth (3.910 AU)
   Mar 04 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Rosetta, 1st Earth Gravity Assist
   Mar 05 - Comet 219P/LINEAR Perihelion (2.364 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 2008 EY5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 2006 AM4 Near-Mercury (0.043 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 951 Gaspra Closest Approach To Earth (1.507 AU)
   Mar 05 - Asteroid 3130 Hillary Closest Approach To Earth (1.959 AU)
   Mar 06 - Asteroid 2006 LD1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Mar 06 - Michelangelo's 535th Birthday (1475)
   Mar 07 - Asteroid 2007 FB Near-Earth Flyby (0.054 AU)
   Mar 07 - Asteroid 30785 Greeley Closest Approach To Earth (1.882 AU)
   Mar 08 - Comet 162P/Siding Spring Perihelion (1.233 AU)
* Mar 08 - Asteroid 249 Ilse Occults HIP 107556 (2.9 Magnitude Star)
   Mar 08 - Asteroid 4149 Harrison Closest Approach To Earth (1.508 AU)
   Mar 09 - Asteroid 4370 Dickens Closest Approach To Earth (1.597 AU)
   Mar 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #239 (OTM-239)
   Mar 10 - Asteroid 447 Valentine Closest Approach To Earth (2.083 AU)
   Mar 11 - Asteroid 719 Albert Closest Approach To Earth (2.154 AU)
   Mar 11 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Pioneer 5 Launch (Solar Orbiter)
   Mar 12 - Comet C/2009 K3 (Beshore) Closest Approach To Earth (3.744 AU)
   Mar 12 - Simon Newcomb's 175th Birthday (1835)
   Mar 13 - 30th  Anniversary (1980), Pascu/Seidelmann/Baum/Currie's Discovery of
Saturn Moon Calypso
   Mar 13 - Percival Lowell's 155th Birthday (1855)
   Mar 14 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (United States)
   Mar 14 - Comet 202P/Scotti Closest Approach To Earth (2.405 AU)
   Mar 14 - Giovanni Schiaparelli's 175th Birthday (1835)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 2002 AJ129 Near-Mars Flyby (0.041 AU)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 16857 Goodall Closest Approach To Earth (1.312 AU)
   Mar 15 - Asteroid 78577 JPL Closest Approach To Earth (1.971 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 2008 JC Near-Venus Flyby (0.022 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 10799 Yucatan Closest Approach To Earth (1.941 AU)
   Mar 16 - Asteroid 7291 Hyakutake Closest Approach To Earth (2.726 AU)
   Mar 16 - Dwarf Planet 136472 Makemake Closest Approach To Earth (51.283 AU)
   Mar 16 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Mariner 10, 3rd Mercury Flyby
   Mar 16 - Caroline Herschel's 260th Birthday (1750)
   Mar 17 - Asteroid 8103 Fermi Closest Approach To Earth (1.931 AU)
   Mar 17 - Asteroid 51824 Mikeanderson Closest Approach To Earth (2.305 AU)
   Mar 17 - Jim Irwin's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Mar 18 - STS-131 Launch, Space Shuttle Atlantis, Multi-Purpose Logistics
Module,
            International Space Station
   Mar 18 - Asteroid 1999 MN Near-Mercury Flyby (0.015 AU)
   Mar 18 - Asteroid 6758 Jesseowens Closest Approach To Earth (1.454 AU)
   Mar 18 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Soviet Rocket Launch Explosion (48 Dead)
   Mar 18 - 45th Anniversary (1965), 1st Spacewalk, Leonov On Voskhod 2
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 3356 Resnik Closest Approach To Earth (1.183 AU)
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 6223 Dahl Closest Approach To Earth (2.059 AU)
   Mar 19 - Asteroid 886 Washingtonia Closest Approach To Earth (3.064 AU)
   Mar 19 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hiten, Moon Flyby (Japan)
   Mar 20 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Telesto, Prometheus & Methone
   Mar 20 - Vernal Equinox, 17:32 UT
* Mar 20 - Comet C/2009 U3 (Hill) Perihelion (1.414 AU)
* Mar 20 - Asteroid 8354 (1989 RF) Occults HIP 55595 (6.0 Magnitude Star)
* Mar 20 - Asteroid 5691 Fredwatson Occults HIP 55846 (6.5 Magnitude Star)
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 9880 Stegosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.341 AU)
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 4433 Goldstone Closest Approach To Earth (1.742 AU)
   Mar 20 - Asteroid 19367 Pink Floyd Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Mar 21 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pallene & Polydeuces
   Mar 21 - Saturn At Opposition
* Mar 21 - Asteroid 1356 Nyanza Occults HIP 61968 (5.6 Magnitude Star)
   Mar 21 - Asteroid 2001 FE7 Near-Earth Flyby (0.078 AU)
   Mar 21 - Asteroid 3656 Hemingway Closest Approach To Earth (1.121 AU)
   Mar 21 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Ranger 9 Launch (Moon Impact Mission)
* Mar 23 - Comet C/2009 W2 (Boattini) Perihelion (6.950 AU)
* Mar 23 - Asteroid 2617 Jiangxi Occults HIP 34267 (5.7 Magnitude Star)
* Mar 23 - Asteroid 226 Weringia Occults HIP 40866 (5.8 Magnitude Star)
   Mar 23 - Asteroid 2000 EW70 Near-Earth Flyby (0.059 AU)
   Mar 23 - Asteroid 128523 Johnmuir Closest Approach To Earth (1.892 AU)
   Mar 23 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 3 Launch (Virgil Grissom, John Young)
   Mar 24 - Comet C/2009 O2 (Catalina) Perihelion (0.694 AU)
   Mar 24 - Comet 195P/Hill Closest Approach To Earth (4.018 AU)
   Mar 24 - Asteroid 11246 Orvillewright Closest Approach To Earth (1.906 AU)
   Mar 24 - Asteroid 1691 Oort Closest Approach To Earth (2.531 AU)
   Mar 25 - Comet C/2008 N1 (Holmes) Closest Approach To Earth (2.504 AU)
   Mar 25 - Asteroid 3355 Onizuka Closest Approach To Earth (1.218 AU)
   Mar 25 - Asteroid 2187 La Silla Closest Approach To Earth (1.850 AU)
   Mar 25 - Asteroid 1877 Marsden Closest Approach To Earth (3.233 AU)
   Mar 25 - 10th Anniversary (2000), IMAGE Launch
   Mar 25 - 355th Anniversary (1655), Christiaan Huygens' Discovery of Saturn
Moon Titan
   Mar 26 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #240 (OTM-240)
   Mar 26 - Comet C/2009 O2 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (0.808 AU)
   Mar 26 - Comet P/2001 R6 (LINEAR-Skiff) Perihelion (2.179 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 2004 FU162 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 2007 MT20 Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla Closest Approach To Earth (2.190 AU)
   Mar 26 - Asteroid 51823 Rickhusband Closest Approach To Earth (2.634 AU)
   Mar 27 - Asteroid 267 Glo Closest Approach To Earth (1.840 AU)
* Mar 27 - Asteroid 2531 Cambridge Closest Approach To Earth (1.917 AU)
   Mar 27 - Asteroid 2343 Siding Spring Closest Approach To Earth (1.926 AU)
   Mar 28 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (Europe)
   Mar 28 - Comet C/2007 S2 (Lemmon) Closest Approach To Earth (5.368 AU)
   Mar 28 - Asteroid 17744 Jodiefoster Closest Approach To Earth (2.066 AU)
   Mar 29 - Comet 94P/Russell Perihelion (2.240 AU)
   Mar 29 - Asteroid 1225 Ariane Closest Approach To Earth (1.183 AU)
   Mar 29 - Asteroid 5036 Tuttle Closest Approach To Earth (1.612 AU)
   Mar 29 - Asteroid 2929 Harris Closest Approach To Earth (1.945 AU)
* Mar 29 - Asteroid 30441 Curly Closest Approach To Earth (2.484 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 17059 Elvis Closest Approach To Earth (1.615 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 3000 Leonardo Closest Approach To Earth (1.775 AU)
   Mar 30 - Asteroid 4957 Brucemurray Closest Approach To Earth (2.083 AU)
   Mar 31 - Comet P/2008 Y3 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (4.266 AU)

April 2010
   Apr ?? - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), End of Primary Mission
   Apr ?? - Cosmos-Prognoz N11 Proton K-DM2 Launch
   Apr ?? - Dialog 1 Rokot-Briz Launch
   Apr ?? - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), End of Primary Mission
   Apr ?? - Kanopus-V/Belka 2 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Tugsat 1 (Brite-Austria) Dnepr 1 Launch
   Apr ?? - Electro-L Zenit 2-Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Megha-Tropiques PSLV Launch
   Apr ?? - Zohreh 1 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
   Apr ?? - Sich 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
* Apr ?? - Dragon 1 Falcon 9 Launch
* Apr ?? - TacSat 4 Minotaur 4 Launch
   Apr 01 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Tiros 1 Launch (1st Weather Satellite)
   Apr 02 - Soyuz TMA-18 Soyuz FG Launch (International Space Station 22S)
   Apr 02 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #241 (OTM-241)
   Apr 02 - Comet 149P/Mueller 4 Closest Approach To Earth (1.802 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 2001 XO88 Near-Vesta Flyby (0.037 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 3949 Mach Closest Approach To Earth (1.138 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 18932 Robinhood Closest Approach To Earth (1.599 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 3351 Smith Closest Approach To Earth (2.857 AU)
   Apr 02 - Asteroid 1006 Lagrangea Closest Approach To Earth (3.266 AU)
   Apr 04 - Easter Sunday
* Apr 04 - Asteroid 2 Pallas Occults HIP 77773 (9.3 Magnitude Star)
   Apr 04 - American Rocket Society's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Apr 05 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Apr 05 - Comet 81P/Wild 2 Closest Approach To Earth (0.673 AU)
   Apr 05 - Asteroid 2009 HE60 Near-Earth Flyby (0.055 AU)
* Apr 05 - Asteroid 2554 Skiff Closest Approach To Earth (1.178 AU)
   Apr 05 - Asteroid 1604 Tombaugh Closest Approach To Earth (2.292 AU)
   Apr 05 - 20th Anniversary (1990), 1st Pegasus Rocket Launch
   Apr 06 - Comet P/1999 XB69 (LINEAR) Closest Approach To Earth (2.008 AU)
* Apr 06 - Asteroid 1 Ceres Occults UCAC2 23199189 (11.7 Magnitude Star)
* Apr 06 - Asteroid 824 Anastasia Occults HIP 81377 (2.5 Magnitude Star)
   Apr 06 - Asteroid 2004 ER21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Apr 06 - Asteroid 132524 APL Closest Approach To Earth (1.871 AU)
   Apr 06 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Intelsat 1 Launch (1st Commercial
Communications Satellite)
   Apr 07 - Cassini, Dione Flyby
   Apr 07 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Mimas, Tethys, Calypso, Epimetheus & Janus
   Apr 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 136108 Haumea Closest Approach To Earth (50.125
AU)
   Apr 08 - STS-132 Launch, Space Shuttle Atlantis, International Space Station
   Apr 08 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (19 Degrees)
   Apr 08 - Asteroid 310 Margarita Closest Approach To Earth (1.438 AU)
   Apr 08 - Asteroid 7818 Muirhead Closest Approach To Earth (2.023 AU)
   Apr 08 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1's Discovery of Saturn Moon Telesto
   Apr 09 - Comet 211P/Hill Closest Approach To Earth (2.191 AU)
* Apr 09 - Asteroid 2 Pallas Occults UCAC2 38625868 (11.6 Magnitude Star)
   Apr 09 - Asteroid 2007 TD Near-Venus Flyby (0.038 AU)
   Apr 09 - Asteroid 1034 Mozartia Closest Approach To Earth (1.593 AU)
* Apr 09 - Asteroid 241 Germania Closest Approach To Earth (2.312 AU)
   Apr 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #242 (OTM-242)
* Apr 10 - Asteroid 2271 Kiso Occults HIP 36152 (6.5 Magnitude Star)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 2004 FG11 Near-Earth Flyby (0.065 AU)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 4238 Audrey Closest Approach To Earth (1.228 AU)
   Apr 10 - Asteroid 5682 Beresford Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
* Apr 11 - Asteroid 995 Sternberga Occults HIP 34002 (6.0 Magnitude Star)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 2003 TT9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 3162 Nostalgia Closest Approach To Earth (2.404 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 5223 McSween Closest Approach To Earth (2.722 AU)
   Apr 11 - Asteroid 4179 Toutatis Closest Approach To Earth (2.873 AU)
   Apr 11 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Apollo 13 Launch
   Apr 12 - Asteroid 17062 Bardot Closest Approach To Earth (2.119 AU)
   Apr 12 - Yuri's Night - World Space Party
   Apr 13 - Comet 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh Closest Approach To Earth (2.670 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 2008 FH Near-Earth Flyby (0.040 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 5203 Pavarotti Closest Approach To Earth (1.307 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 4150 Starr Closest Approach To Earth (1.388 AU)
   Apr 13 - Asteroid 2985 Shakespeare Closest Approach To Earth (1.876 AU)
   Apr 13 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Transit 1B Launch (1st Experimental
Navigation Satellite)
   Apr 14 - Comet 173P/Mueller 5 Closest Approach To Earth (4.094 AU)
   Apr 14 - Asteroid 5035 Swift Closest Approach To Earth (1.644 AU)
   Apr 14 - Asteroid 6227 Alanrubin Closest Approach To Earth (2.044 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 2008 CB6 Near-Earth Flyby (0.031 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 2001 QE71 Near-Earth Flyby (0.094 AU)
   Apr 16 - Asteroid 7862 Keikonakamura Closest Approach To Earth (2.051 AU)
   Apr 16 - Petrus Apianus' 515th Birthday (1495)
   Apr 17 - Comet C/2009 F2 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (4.982 AU)
   Apr 17 - Asteroid 10051 Albee Closest Approach To Earth (2.115 AU)
   Apr 18 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #243 (OTM-243)
   Apr 18 - Comet C/2009 K5 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (1.264 AU)
* Apr 19 - X-37B OTV-1 Atlas 5 Launch
   Apr 19 - Comet 30P/Reinmuth 1 Perihelion (1.884 AU)
   Apr 19 - Asteroid 2005 YU55 Near-Earth Flyby (0.014 AU)
   Apr 19 - Asteroid 5891 Gehrig Closest Approach To Earth (1.724 AU)
   Apr 19-25 - Astronomy Week
* Apr 20 - Asteroid 5616 Vogtland Occults HIP 37165 (6.4 Magnitude Star)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 2008 UC202 Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 6336 Dodo Closest Approach To Earth (1.708 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 2000 Herschel Closest Approach To Earth (2.039 AU)
   Apr 20 - Asteroid 11247 Wilburwright Closest Approach To Earth (2.570 AU)
   Apr 21 - Asteroid 1288 Santa Closest Approach To Earth (2.036 AU)
   Apr 21 - Asteroid 43844 Rowling Closest Approach To Earth (2.173 AU)
   Apr 22 - Lyrids Meteor Shower Peak
   Apr 22 - Asteroid 4628 Laplace Closest Approach To Earth (1.442 AU)
   Apr 23 - Asteroid 8575 Hawaii Closest Approach To Earth (2.136 AU)
   Apr 23 - Asteroid 51827 Laurelclark Closest Approach To Earth (2.143 AU)
   Apr 24 - Astronomy Day
   Apr 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #244 (OTM-244)
   Apr 24 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Hubble Space Telescope Launch (STS-31)
   Apr 24 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Mao 1 Launch (1st Chinese Satellite)
   Apr 25 - Asteroid 2004 US1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Apr 26 - Comet C/2007 VO53 (Spacewatch) Perihelion (4.843 AU)
   Apr 26 - Asteroid 6676 Monet Closest Approach To Earth (1.947 AU)
   Apr 27 - Progress M-05M Soyuz 2-1a Launch (International Space Station 37P)
   Apr 27 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Prometheus, Telesto, Pandora & Pallene
   Apr 27 - Comet P/2008 CL94 (Lemmon) Closest Approach To Earth (5.251 AU)
   Apr 28 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 656 Beagle Closest Approach To Earth (1.912 AU)
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 51825 Davidbrown Closest Approach To Earth (2.149 AU)
   Apr 28 - Asteroid 5555 Wimberly Closest Approach To Earth (2.306 AU)
   Apr 28 - Jan Oort's 110th Birthday (1900)
   Apr 29 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #245 (OTM-245)
   Apr 29 - Asteroid 2002 JR100 Near-Earth Flyby (0.020 AU)
* Apr 29 - Asteroid 30440 Larry Closest Approach To Earth (1.413 AU)
   Apr 29 - Asteroid 5450 Sokrates Closest Approach To Earth (1.931 AU)
   Apr 30 - Comet C/2009 K5 (McNaught) Perihelion (1.423 AU)
   Apr 30 - Asteroid 9769 Nautilus Closest Approach To Earth (1.050 AU)

May 2010
* May ?? - Ikaros/Akatsuki H-2A Launch
   May ?? - SBIRS-Geo 1 (SBIRS-High 2) Atlas 5 Launch
   May ?? - Cosmos-Geizer N21 Proton K Launch
   May ?? - Hylas Ariane 5 Launch
   May ?? - Bluesat Dnepr 1 Launch
   May ?? - Yamal 301/302 Proton K-DM-2M Launch
* May 02 - Asteroid 2 Pallas Occults TYC 2026-01347-1 (11.9 Magnitude Star)
   May 02 - Asteroid 2007 DB61 Near-Earth Flyby (0.090 AU)
   May 03 - Asteroid 24101 Cassini Closest Approach To Earth (2.343 AU)
   May 04 - Comet 104P/Kowal 2 Perihelion (1.180 AU)
   May 04 - Asteroid (141495) 2002 EZ11 Near-Mars Flyby (0.018 AU)
* May 04 - Asteroid 1125 China Closest Approach To Earth (2.343 AU)
   May 05 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
* May 06 - Asteroid 508 Princetonia Closest Approach To Earth (2.111 AU)
   May 06 - Asteroid 9016 Henrymoore Closest Approach To Earth (2.898 AU)
   May 07 - Space Day]
* May 07 - Asteroid 910 Anneliese Occults HIP 74600 (6.2 Magnitude Star)
   May 07 - Asteroid 2009 BD Near-Earth Flyby (0.023 AU)
   May 07 - Asteroid 2688 Halley Closest Approach To Earth (1.867 AU)
   May 07 - Asteroid 4255 Spacewatch Closest Approach To Earth (2.438 AU)
   May 08 - Asteroid 1224 Fantasia Closest Approach To Earth (1.728 AU)
   May 09 - Asteroid 2022 West Closest Approach To Earth (2.018 AU)
   May 10 - GPS 2F F-1 Delta 4M Launch
   May 11 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #246 (OTM-246)
* May 11 - Asteroid 7476 Ogilsbie Occults HIP 69389 (5.0 Magnitude Star)
   May 11 - Asteroid 2005 JR5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.061 AU)
   May 11 - Asteroid 6471 Collins Closest Approach To Earth (1.430 AU)
   May 12 - Asteroid 2007 TZ68 Near-Mars Flyby (0.012 AU)
   May 12 - Asteroid 9133 d'Arrest Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   May 14 - Griffith Observatory's 75th Birthday (1935)
   May 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #247 (OTM-247)
* May 15 - Asteroid 17445 Avatcha Occults HIP 85889 (5.8 Magnitude Star)
   May 15 - Asteroid 10204 Turing Closest Approach To Earth (2.010 AU)
   May 16 - Moon Occults Venus
   May 18 - Cassini, Enceladus & Methone Flyby
   May 19 - Comet 24P/Schaumasse Closest Approach To Earth (2.277 AU)
   May 19 - Asteroid 2003 QC10 Near-Earth Flyby (0.089 AU)
* May 19 - Asteroid 2597 Arthur Closest Approach To Earth (2.419 AU)
   May 20 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   May 20 - Asteroid 2004 FG11 Near-Mercury (0.039 AU)
   May 20 - Asteroid 11055 Honduras Closest Approach To Earth (0.985 AU)
   May 20 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Galileo, Ganymede 28 Flyby
   May 21 - Asteroid 1865 Cerberus Closest Approach To Earth (0.334 AU)
   May 21 - Asteroid 3259 Brownlee Closest Approach To Earth (1.833 AU)
   May 21 - Asteroid 6433 Enya Closest Approach To Earth (1.879 AU)
   May 22 - Asteroid 232 Russia Closest Approach To Earth (1.175 AU)
   May 22 - 15th Anniversary (1995), Saturn Ring Plane Crossing (1 of 3)
   May 23 - Aquarius Delta 2 Launch
   May 23 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #248 (OTM-248)
   May 23 - Asteroid 2008 GA4 Near-Venus Flyby (0.031 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 9969 Braille Closest Approach To Earth (0.427 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 8088 Australia Closest Approach To Earth (1.526 AU)
   May 23 - Asteroid 6030 Zolensky Closest Approach To Earth (2.274 AU)
   May 24 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Midas 2 Launch (1st Experimental Infrared
Surveillance Satellite)
* May 25 - Asteroid 233 Asterope Occults HIP 115544 (6.8 Magnitude Star)
   May 25 - Asteroid 10389 Robmanning Closest Approach To Earth (1.414 AU)
   May 26 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (25 Degrees)
   May 27 - Asteroid 2008 KV2 Near-Venus Flyby (0.032 AU)
   May 28 - STP-26/FASTRAC-A & B/FalconSat 4/OREOS/RAC Minotaur 4 Launch
   May 28 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #249 (OTM-249)
   May 28 - Asteroid 7032 Hitchcock Closest Approach To Earth (1.463 AU)
   May 28 - Frank Drake's 80th Birthday (1930)
   May 29 - Asteroid 5145 Pholus Closest Approach To Earth (22.402 AU)
   May 30 - Comet 142P/Ge-Wang Perihelion (2.488 AU)
   May 31 - Asteroid 25399 Vonnegut Closest Approach To Earth (1.653 AU)
   May 31 - European Space Agency's 35th Birthday (1975)

June 2010
   Jun ?? - Hayabusa (MUSES-C) Return To Earth
   Jun ?? - Equars VLS-1 Launch (Brazil)
   Jun ?? - Monitor IR1 Rokot KM Launch
   Jun ?? - Insat 4-D GSLV-1 Launch
   Jun ?? - Nilesat 2 Ariane 5 Launch
   Jun ?? - Meteor 3M N2 Soyuz 2-1B Launch
   Jun ?? - Katysat 1/KiwiSat/Atmocube/Cubesat-RAFT/Funsat/UCISAT Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jun ?? - Rascom-QAF 1R Ariane 5 Launch
* Jun ?? - Amsat Phase 3E Express Ariane 5 Launch
* Jun ?? - Hausat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jun 01 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #250 (OTM-250)
   Jun 01 - Asteroid 73491 Robmatson Closest Approach To Earth (1.791 AU)
   Jun 01 - 20th Anniversary (1990), ROSAT Launch
   Jun 02 - Asteroid 472 Roma Closest Approach To Earth (1.812 AU)
   Jun 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Tethys, Rhea & Pandora
   Jun 03 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 4 Launch, USA's First Spacewalk (Ed
White)
* Jun 04 - Asteroid 2655 Guangxi Occults HIP 53492 (6.4 Magnitude Star)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 1999 MN Near-Earth Flyby (0.033 AU)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 19578 Kirkdouglas Closest Approach To Earth (0.967 AU)
   Jun 04 - Asteroid 24102 Jacquecassini Closest Approach To Earth (1.901 AU)
   Jun 05 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jun 05 - Asteroid 1999 HE1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.077 AU)
   Jun 05 - Asteroid 2004 KH17 Near-Earth Flyby (0.084 AU)
* Jun 06 - Asteroid 1 Ceres Occults TYC 6846-00936-1 (10.7 Magnitude Star)
   Jun 07 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #251 (OTM-251)
   Jun 08 - Comet 215P/NEAT Perihelion (3.213 AU)
   Jun 08 - Comet 183P/Korlevic-Juric Closest Approach To Earth (3.514 AU)
   Jun 08 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 9 Launch (Soviet Venus
Orbiter/Lander)
   Jun 08 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Luna 6 Launch (Soviet Moon Flyby)
   Jun 08 - Giovanni Cassini's 385th Birthday (1625)
   Jun 09 - Kuiper Belt Oject 28978 Ixion Closest Approach To Earth (40.346 AU)
   Jun 10 - Asteroid 2007 YG Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Jun 10 - Asteroid 2023 Asaph Closest Approach To Earth (1.999 AU)
   Jun 11 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Vega 1, Venus Landing/Balloon
   Jun 12 - Asteroid 5020 Asimov Closest Approach To Earth (0.944 AU)
   Jun 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 50000 Quaoar Closest Approach To Earth (42.155 AU)
   Jun 13 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #252 (OTM-252)
   Jun 13 - Asteroid 2007 XB10 Near-Earth Flyby (0.071 AU)
   Jun 14 - Asteroid 2003 YS17 Near-Venus Flyby (0.044 AU)
   Jun 14 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Vega 2, Venus Landing/Balloon
   Jun 14 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 10, Venus Landing
   Jun 15 - Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (1.137 AU)
   Jun 15 - Asteroid 2002 Euler Closest Approach To Earth (1.283 AU)
   Jun 15 - Asteroid 1 Ceres Closest Approach To Earth (1.825 AU)
   Jun 16 - Asteroid 6735 Madhatter Closest Approach To Earth (1.310 AU)
   Jun 17 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #253 (OTM-253)
   Jun 17 - Comet C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring) Closest Approach To Earth
(4.057 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2003 MN Near-Earth Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2007 DD Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2451 Dollfus Closest Approach To Earth (1.367 AU)
   Jun 17 - Asteroid 2866 Hardy Closest Approach To Earth (1.739 AU)
   Jun 17 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of the Dhofar 378 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Jun 18 - Asteroid 2956 Yeomans Closest Approach To Earth (1.538 AU)
   Jun 19 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Pan & Polydeuces
   Jun 20 - Asteroid 69230 Hermes Closest Approach To Earth (1.041 AU)
   Jun 20 - 340th Anniversary (1670), Discovery Of Nova 1670 Vulpeculae
   Jun 21 - Summer Solstice, 11:28 UT
   Jun 21 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jun 21 - Asteroid 5641 McCleese Closest Approach To Earth (0.804 AU)
   Jun 21 - Asteroid 4017 Disneya Closest Approach To Earth (1.505 AU)
   Jun 22 - Asteroid 13801 Kohlhase Closest Approach To Earth (1.738 AU)
   Jun 22 - Royal Greenwich Observatory's 335th Birthday (1675)
   Jun 23 - Asteroid 2008 EY5 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Jun 24 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #254 (OTM-254)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2008 YC3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.031 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2007 CS5 Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 2008 WM64 Near-Earth Flyby (0.064 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 4099 Wiggins Closest Approach To Earth (1.780 AU)
   Jun 24 - Asteroid 1913 Sekanina Closest Approach To Earth (1.981 AU)
   Jun 24 - Dwarf Planet 134340 Pluto Closest Approach To Earth (30.860 AU)
   Jun 24 - Fred Hoyle's 95th Birthday (1915)
   Jun 25 - Pluto At Opposition
   Jun 25 - Rupert Wildt's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Jun 26 - Partial Lunar Eclipse
   Jun 26 - Comet 100P/Hartley Closest Approach To Earth (1.676 AU)
   Jun 26 - Asteroid 8353 Megryan Closest Approach To Earth (1.774 AU)
   Jun 26 - Charles Messier's 280th Birthday (1730)
   Jun 27 - Asteroid 154590 (2003 MA3) Near-Earth Flyby (0.074 AU)
   Jun 27 - Asteroid 4763 Ride Closest Approach To Earth (1.644 AU)
   Jun 28 - Asteroid 2005 ED318 Near-Earth Flyby (0.070 AU)
   Jun 28 - Asteroid 2118 Flagstaff Closest Approach To Earth (2.042 AU)
* Jun 30 - Progress M-06M Soyuz U Launch
   Jun 30 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #255 (OTM-255)

July 2010
* Jul ?? - Akatsuki (Planet-C)/Ikaros/Waseda-Sat2/Unitec-1/Negai-Star/AWVONS
            H-2A Launch (Japan Venus Orbiter)
   Jul ?? - AEHF F-1 Atlas 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - Sinosat 4 CZ-3B Launch
   Jul ?? - NROL-25 Delta 4M Launch
   Jul ?? - SSR-1 VSL-1 Launch (Brazil)
   Jul ?? - Dragon 2 Falcon 9 Launch
   Jul ?? - Microscope Ariane 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - Insat 4-G Ariane 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - AMC-1R Ariane 5 Launch
   Jul ?? - Sudansat 1 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Jul 01 - Comet 43P/Wolf-Harrington Perihelion (1.358 AU)
   Jul 01 - Asteroid 2005 UU3 Near-Venus Flyby (0.006 AU)
   Jul 02 - Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) Perihelion (0.405 AU)
   Jul 02 - Comet 116P/Wild 4 Closest Approach To Earth (2.119 AU)
   Jul 02 - Asteroid 2063 Bacchus Closest Approach To Earth (1.432 AU)
   Jul 02 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Giotto, Earth Flyby
   Jul 02 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Giotto Launch (ESA's Comet Halley Mission)
   Jul 03 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #256 (OTM-256)
   Jul 04 - Comet 10P/Tempel 2 Perihelion (1.423 AU)
   Jul 04 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Deep Impact, Comet Tempel 1 Impact/Flyby
   Jul 05 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Calypso, Enceladus & Daphnis
   Jul 05 - Comet 143P/Kowal-Mrkos Closest Approach To Earth (2.539 AU)
   Jul 05 - Asteroid 1814 Bach Closest Approach To Earth (1.492 AU)
   Jul 06 - Earth At Aphelion (1.017 AU From Sun)
   Jul 06 - Asteroid 91287 Simon-Garfunkel Closest Approach To Earth (1.306 AU)
   Jul 07 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Jul 07 - Comet C/2009 U1 (Garradd) Perihelion (2.964 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 2001 KM20 Near-Earth Flyby (0.089 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 6602 Gilclark Closest Approach To Earth (1.098 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 5649 Donnashirley Closest Approach To Earth (1.927 AU)
   Jul 08 - Asteroid 3297 Hong Kong Closest Approach To Earth (2.328 AU)
   Jul 09 - Asteroid 3352 McAuliffe Closest Approach To Earth (1.517 AU)
   Jul 10 - Rosetta, Asteroid 21 Lutetia Flyby
   Jul 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #257 (OTM-257)
   Jul 10 - Asteroid 1578 Kirkwood Closest Approach To Earth (3.673 AU)
   Jul 11 - Total Solar Eclipse, Visible in South Pacific, Chile
   Jul 11 - Asteroid 2008 UP100 Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
   Jul 11 - Asteroid 4769 Castalia Closest Approach To Earth (0.973 AU)
   Jul 11 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Gamma Observatory Launch (Soviet Union)
   Jul 12 - Comet 158P/Kowal-LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (3.677 AU)
   Jul 12 - Asteroid 2009 BD Near-Earth Flyby (0.027 AU)
   Jul 12 - Asteroid 37582 Faraday Closest Approach To Earth (1.082 AU)
   Jul 12 - Asteroid 2919 Dali Closest Approach To Earth (1.688 AU)
   Jul 13 - Asteroid 4457 van Gogh Closest Approach To Earth (1.862 AU)
* Jul 14 - Comet C/2009 U5 (Grauer) Perihelion (6.046 AU)
   Jul 14 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Mariner 4, Mars Flyby
   Jul 15 - Asteroid 5430 Luu Closest Approach To Earth (0.966 AU)
   Jul 15 - Asteroid 2228 Soyuz-Apollo Closest Approach To Earth (2.496 AU)
   Jul 16 - Comet C/2009 K2 (Catalina) Closest Approach To Earth (2.590 AU)
   Jul 16 - Asteroid 7336 Saunders Closest Approach To Earth (0.205 AU)
   Jul 16 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Badr-A Launch (1st Pakistan Satellite)
   Jul 16 - 45th Anniversary (1965), 1st Proton Rocket Launch (USSR)
   Jul 17 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Apollo-Soyuz Handshake
   Jul 18 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #258 (OTM-258)
   Jul 18 - Comet P/1999 U3 (LINEAR) Perihelion (1.921 AU)
   Jul 18 - Asteroid 2002 BF25 Near-Earth Flyby (0.027 AU)
   Jul 18 - Asteroid 13926 Berners-Lee Closest Approach To Earth (1.319 AU)
   Jul 18 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Rohini 1 Launch (India's 1st Satellite)
   Jul 18 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Zond 3 Launch (USSR Moon Flyby)
   Jul 18-25 - COSPAR 2010 Scientific Assembly
   Jul 19 - Asteroid 2008 NP3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.069 AU)
   Jul 20 - Asteroid 17078 Sellers Closest Approach To Earth (1.831 AU)
   Jul 20 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of Jupiter Moon Callirrhoe
   Jul 21 - Comet 65P/Gunn Closest Approach To Earth (1.602 AU)
   Jul 21 - Asteroid 2000 UQ30 Near-Mars Flyby (0.050 AU)
   Jul 21 - Asteroid 8249 Gershwin Closest Approach To Earth (1.493 AU)
   Jul 22 - Comet 77P/Longmore Closest Approach To Earth (2.369 AU)
   Jul 22 - Asteroid 2007 HR Near-Mars Flyby (0.021 AU)
   Jul 23 - Asteroid 2006 KL21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Jul 23 - Asteroid 5049 Sherlock Closest Approach To Earth (1.028 AU)
   Jul 24 - 60th Anniversary (1950), 1st Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral
(Bumper/V-2 Rocket)
   Jul 25 - Cassini, Distant Fly of Prometheus & Atlas
   Jul 25 - Asteroid 3153 Lincoln Closest Approach To Earth (1.384 AU)
   Jul 25 - Asteroid 5738 Billpickering Closest Approach To Earth (3.106 AU)
   Jul 25 - 20th Anniversary (1990), CRRES Launch
   Jul 25 - Christoph Scheiner's 435th Birthday (1575)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 38237 Roche Closest Approach To Earth (1.263 AU)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 2160 Spitzer Closest Approach To Earth (1.664 AU)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 117329 Spencer Closest Approach To Earth (1.699 AU)
   Jul 26 - Asteroid 2925 Beatty Closest Approach To Earth (1.818 AU)
   Jul 28 - Asteroid 11548 Jerrylewis Closest Approach To Earth (2.009 AU)
   Jul 29 - STS-134 Launch, Space Shuttle Endeavour, International Space Station
   Jul 29 - South Delta-Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Jul 30 - Asteroid 4221 Picasso Closest Approach To Earth (1.586 AU)
   Jul 30 - 400th Anniversary (1610), Galileo Observes Saturn's Rings
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 2006 EB Near-Earth Flyby (0.080 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 1994 CB Near-Earth Flyby (0.091 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 118401 LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (1.956 AU)
   Jul 31 - Asteroid 1941 Wild Closest Approach To Earth (2.229 AU)

August 2010
   Aug ?? - NROL-35 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - NROL-39 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - NROL-41 Atlas 5 Launch
   Aug ?? - XM-5 Zenit 3SL Launch
   Aug ?? - Luch 5A/Amos 5 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Aug ?? - Radio-Astron (Spektr R) Zenit 2-Fregat-SB Launch
   Aug ?? - Cassiope 1 Falcon 9 Launch
   Aug ?? - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of NWA 2737 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Aug 01 - Alpha Capricornids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 01 - Comet 176P/LINEAR Closest Approach To Earth (1.955 AU)
   Aug 01 - Asteroid 5231 Verne Closest Approach To Earth (1.665 AU)
   Aug 01 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of the SAU 051 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
   Aug 01 - Helen Battles Sawyer Hogg's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Aug 02 - 5th Anniversary (2005), MESSENGER, Earth Flyby
   Aug 03 - Asteroid 2830 Greenwich Closest Approach To Earth (1.753 AU)
   Aug 03 - Asteroid 9500 Camelot Closest Approach To Earth (1.956 AU)
   Aug 04 - Asteroid 2266 Tchaikovsky Closest Approach To Earth (2.724 AU)
   Aug 05 - Asteroid 17640 Mount Stromlo Closest Approach To Earth (1.031 AU)
   Aug 05 - Neil Armstrong's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Aug 06 - Southern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 06 - Comet 2P/Encke Perihelion (0.336 AU)
   Aug 06 - Asteroid 1282 Utopia Closest Approach To Earth (2.094 AU)
   Aug 07 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (27 Degrees)
   Aug 07 - Asteroid 8146 Jimbell Closest Approach To Earth (2.322 AU)
   Aug 08 - Asteroid 15000 CCD Closest Approach To Earth (1.772 AU)
   Aug 10 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #259 (OTM-259)
   Aug 10 - Asteroid 6239 Minos Near-Earth Flyby (0.098 AU)
* Aug 10 - Asteroid 716 Berkeley Closest Approach To Earth (1.906 AU)
   Aug 10 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Magellan, Venus Orbit Insertion
   Aug 11 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Titan
   Aug 12 - Perseids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 2004 PG115 Closest Approach To Earth (35.910)
   Aug 12 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Echo 1 Launch
   Aug 13 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
   Aug 13 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione, Calypso & Epimetheus
   Aug 13 - Asteroid 2002 AC9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Aug 13 - Asteroid 51828 Ilanramon Closest Approach To Earth (1.964 AU)
   Aug 14 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Atlas, Pandora, Dahpnis, Janus, Pan &
            Tethys
   Aug 14 - Comet 223P/Skiff Perihelion (2.420 AU)
   Aug 15 - Asteroid 4808 Ballaero Closest Approach To Earth (1.838 AU)
   Aug 16 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #260 (OTM-260)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 2007 XZ9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.072 AU)
   Aug 16 - Comet 95P/Chiron Closest Approach To Earth (15.420)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 4148 McCartney Closest Approach To Earth (1.404 AU)
   Aug 16 - Asteroid 1024 Hale Closest Approach To Earth (1.420 AU)
   Aug 17 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Venera 7 Launch (USSR Venus Lander)
   Aug 18 - Comet C/2009 P2 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth (5.704 AU)
   Aug 18 - Asteroid 2004 SC56 Near-Earth Flyby (0.086 AU)
   Aug 18 - Asteroid 4337 Arecibo Closest Approach To Earth (2.349 AU)
   Aug 18 - 25th Anniversary (1985), Suisei Launch (Japan Comet Halley Mission)
   Aug 19 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Sputnik 5 Launch (Carried Dogs Belka &
Strelka)
   Aug 20 - Venus At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (46 Degrees)
   Aug 20 - Neptune At Opposition
   Aug 20 - Asteroid 2041 Lancelot Closest Approach To Earth (1.986 AU)
   Aug 20 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Viking 1 Launch (Mars Lander/Orbiter)
   Aug 20 - 125th Anniversary (1885), Ernst Hartwig's Discovery of S Andromedae
   Aug 21 - Asteroid 469 Argentina Closest Approach To Earth (2.589 AU)
   Aug 21 - Kuiper Belt Object 2007 OR10 Closest Approach To Earth (85.142 AU)
   Aug 21 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Gemini 5 Launch (Gordon Cooper & Charles
Conrad)
   Aug 22 - Asteroid 2074 Shoemaker Closest Approach To Earth (1.039 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 2005 QQ87 Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 2003 JN14 Near-Mars Flyby (0.049 AU)
   Aug 24 - Asteroid 8256 Shenzhou Closest Approach To Earth (1.172 AU)
   Aug 25 - Northern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
   Aug 25 - Comet 10P/Tempel 2 Closest Approach To Earth (0.651 AU)
   Aug 25 - Asteroid 697 Galilea Closest Approach To Earth (1.474 AU)
   Aug 25 - Asteroid 11911 Angel Closest Approach To Earth (1.797 AU)
   Aug 26 - Asteroid 2007 DS7 Near-Earth Flyby (0.096 AU)
   Aug 26 - Asteroid 2007 RY8  Near-Venus Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Aug 27 - Asteroid 2006 EK53 Near-Mars Flyby (0.045 AU)
   Aug 28 - Astroid 2007 DD Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Aug 28 - Asteroid 4116 Elachi Closest Approach To Earth (1.069 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 36800 Katarinawitt Closest Approach To Earth (1.009 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 7359 Messier Closest Approach To Earth (1.791 AU)
   Aug 29 - Asteroid 2006 SQ372 Closest Approach To Earth (23.719 AU)
   Aug 29 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Discovery of Nova Cygni 1975
   Aug 30 - Comet 2P/Encke Closest Approach To Earth (1.114 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 4055 Magellan Closest Approach To Earth (0.560 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 4342 Freud Closest Approach To Earth (1.522 AU)
   Aug 30 - Asteroid 203 Pompeja Closest Approach To Earth (1.664 AU)
   Aug 31 - Comet 186P/Garradd Closest Approach To Earth (3.853 AU)
   Aug 31 - Asteroid 1999 CG9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.083 AU)
   Aug 31 - Asteroid 1566 Icarus Closest Approach To Earth (0.602 AU)

September 2010
   Sep ?? - Afristar 3 (Worldstar 3) Ariane 5 Launch
   Sep ?? - Astrosat 1 PSLV Launch (India)
   Sep ?? - Giove A2 Soyuz FG-Fregat Launch
   Sep ?? - Insat 3-D GSLV Launch (India)
   Sep ?? - CBERS 3 CZ-4B Launch
   Sep ?? - Lapansat 2 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Sep ?? - Eros C Start 1 Launch (Israel)
   Sep ?? - Bissat Cosmos 3M Launch
* Sep ?? - NROL-32 Delta 4-Heavy Launch
* Sep ?? - GPS 2F-2 Atlas 5 Launch
* Sep ?? - Condor E Strela Launch
   Sep 01 - Asteroid 3895 Earhart Closest Approach To Earth (1.772 AU)
   Sep 02 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Polydeuces & Telesto
   Sep 02 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #261 (OTM-261)
   Sep 02 - Asteroid 2008 EL68 Near-Earth Flyby (0.030 AU)
   Sep 03 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Aegaeon, Titan, Epimetheus & Dione
   Sep 03 - Comet 227P/Catalina-LINEAR Perihelion (1.795 AU)
   Sep 03 - Asteroid 79896 Billhaley Closest Approach To Earth (2.010 AU)
   Sep 04 - Asteroid 2753 Duncan Closest Approach To Earth (1.845 AU)
   Sep 05 - Asteroid 9007 James Bond Closest Approach To Earth (1.181 AU)
   Sep 08 - Asteroid 3673 Levy Closest Approach To Earth (1.208 AU)
   Sep 08 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Viking 2 Launch (Mars Orbiter/Lander)
   Sep 08 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Kaoru Ikeya & Tsutomu Seki's Discovery of
Comet Ikeya-Seki
   Sep 08 - Marshall Space Flight Center's 50th Birthday (1960)
   Sep 08 - Thomas Keith Glennan's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Sep 09 - Asteroid 2005 VL1 Near-Venus Flyby (0.048 AU)
   Sep 09 - Asteroid 1940 Whipple Closest Approach To Earth (2.081 AU)
   Sep 10 - Comet 97P/Metcalf-Brewington Closest Approach To Earth (2.530 AU)
   Sep 10 - Asteroid 426 Hippo Closest Approach To Earth (2.214 AU)
   Sep 11 - 25th Anniversary (1985), ICE, Comet Giacobini-Zinner Flyby
   Sep 12 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Luna 16 Launch (Soviet Moon Sample Return)
   Sep 13 - Asteroid 19383 Rolling Stones Closest Approach To Earth (0.971 AU)
   Sep 13 - Asteroid 5143 Heracles Closest Approach To Earth (2.234 AU)
   Sep 14 - Asteroid 2001 XE1 Near-Mars Flyby (0.035 AU)
   Sep 14 - Asteroid 18458 Caesar Closest Approach To Earth (1.521 AU)
   Sep 14 - John Dobson's 95th Birthday (1915)
   Sep 15 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #261A (OTM-261A)
   Sep 15 - Asteroid 2005 UH6 Near-Venus Flyby (0.023 AU)
   Sep 16 - STS-133 Launch, Space Shuttle Discovery, International Space Station
   Sep 17 - Asteroid 4147 Lennon Closest Approach To Earth (1.467 AU)
   Sep 18 - Asteroid 3354 McNair Closest Approach To Earth (1.237 AU)
   Sep 18 - Asteroid 9954 Brachiosaurus Closest Approach To Earth (1.540 AU)
   Sep 19 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (18 Degrees)
   Sep 21 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #262 (OTM-262)
   Sep 21 - Jupiter at Opposition
   Sep 21 - Uranus At Opposition
   Sep 22 - Asteroid 4923 Clarke Closest Approach To Earth (0.928 AU)
   Sep 23 - Autumnal Equinox (03:09 UT)
   Sep 23 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Enceladus, Calypso & Polydeuces
   Sep 24 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Sep 24 - John Young's 80th Birthday (1930)
   Sep 25 - Asteroid 85990 (1999 JV6) Near-Venus Flyby (0.026 AU)
   Sep 26 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Cassini, Hyperion Flyby
   Sep 27 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #263 (OTM-263)
   Sep 27 - Asteroid 3169 Ostro Closest Approach To Earth (1.132 AU)
   Sep 27 - Asteroid 7853 Confucius Closest Approach To Earth (2.735 AU)
   Sep 28 - Comet P/1998 U4 (Spahr) Closest Approach To Earth (3.665 AU)
   Sep 28 - Asteroid 2002 TZ57 Near-Earth Flyby (0.064 AU)
* Sep 28 - Asteroid 477 Italia Closest Approach To Earth (1.020 AU)
   Sep 28 - Asteroid 73079 Davidbaltimore Closest Approach To Earth (1.590 AU)
   Sep 28 - Ismael Bullialdus' 405th Birthday (1605)
   Sep 29 - Comet 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 Perihelion (3.424 AU)
   Sep 29 - Comet C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring) Perihelion (4.511 AU)
   Sep 30 - Asteroid 2005 NZ6 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.047 AU)
   Sep 30 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Charles Kowal's Discovery of Jupiter Moon
Themisto

October 2010
   Oct ?? - Express AM-4/Express MD-2 Proton M-Briz M Launch
   Oct ?? - TerreStar 2 Ariane 5 Launch
* Oct ?? - Unamsat 3 Dnepr 1 Launch
   Oct 01 - Glory Taurus Launch
   Oct 01 - Asteroid 137032 (1998 UO1) Near-Earth Flyby (0.082 AU)
   Oct 01 - Asteroid 7225 Huntress Closest Approach To Earth (1.478 AU)
   Oct 02 - Asteroid 1996 Adams Closest Approach To Earth (1.212 AU)
   Oct 02 - Asteroid 12104 Chesley Closest Approach To Earth (2.050 AU)
   Oct 02 - Hayden Planetarium's 75th Birthday (1935)
* Oct 03 - Asteroid 136 Austria Closest Approach To Earth (1.161 AU)
   Oct 03 - Asteroid 4444 Escher Closest Approach To Earth (1.210 AU)
   Oct 03 - Asteroid 1772 Gagarin Closest Approach To Earth (1.792 AU)
   Oct 03 - 195th Anniversary (1815), Chassigny Meteorite Fall (Mars Meteorite)
   Oct 04 - Comet P/2002 X2 (NEAT) Perihelion (2.127 AU)
   Oct 04-10 - World Space Week
   Oct 05 - Asteroid 1221 Amor Closest Approach To Earth (1.756 AU)
   Oct 06 - 20th Anniversary (1990), Ulysses Launch (Solar Polar Orbiter)
   Oct 08 - Asteroid 2001 TB Near-Earth Flyby (0.005 AU)
   Oct 08 - Asteroid 9250 Chamberlin Closest Approach To Earth (2.581 AU)
   Oct 09 - Draconids Meteor Shower Peak
   Oct 09 - Asteroid 1322 Coppernicus Closest Approach To Earth (1.461 AU)
   Oct 09 - Asteroid 5720 Halweaver Closest Approach To Earth (1.613 AU)
   Oct 10 - Asteroid 2062 Aten Closest Approach To Earth (0.586 AU)
   Oct 10 - Asteroid 83360 Catalina Closest Approach To Earth (1.221 AU)
   Oct 10 - Asteroid 2801 Huygens Closest Approach To Earth (1.362 AU)
   Oct 10 - Very Large Array's (VLA) 30th Birthday (1980)
   Oct 11 - Cassini, End of Equinox Mission
* Oct 11 - Asteroid 11998 Fermilab Closest Approach To Earth (1.427 AU)
   Oct 11 - Asteroid 19148 Alaska Closest Approach To Earth (2.612 AU)
   Oct 11 - 65th Anniversary (1945), WAC Corporal Launch
   Oct 12 - Comet P/1998 U4 (Spahr) Near-Jupiter Flyby (0.357 AU)
   Oct 12 - Asteroid 742 Edisona Closest Approach To Earth (1.707 AU)
   Oct 12 - Asteroid 16809 Galapagos Closest Approach To Earth (1.735 AU)
   Oct 14 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
   Oct 14 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #264 (OTM-264)
   Oct 14 - Asteroid 162269 (1999 VO6) Near-Earth Flyby (0.088 AU)
   Oct 14 - Asteroid 2009 BU5 Near-Mars Flyby (0.046 AU)
   Oct 14 - Dwarf Planet 136199 Eris Closest Approach To Earth (95.667 AU)
   Oct 15 - Asteroid 13070 Seanconnery Closest Approach To Earth (0.928 AU)
   Oct 16 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Mimas, Pallene, Telesto, Methone &
            Aegaeon
   Oct 16 - Comet 142P/Ge-Wang Closest Approach To Earth (1.738 AU)
   Oct 16 - 35th Anniversary (1975), GOES 1 Launch (1st Weather Satellite
            in Geosynchronous Orbit)
   Oct 17 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione & Rhea
   Oct 17 - New Horizons, Halfway to Pluto
   Oct 17 - Asteroid 25924 Douglasadams Closest Approach To Earth (1.619 AU)
   Oct 18 - Asteroid 2009 ST Near-Vesta Flyby (0.043 AU)
   Oct 18 - Kuiper Belt Object 15760 (1992 QB1) Closest Approach To Earth (40.106
AU)
   Oct 19 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar's 100th Birthday (1910)
   Oct 20 - Comet Hartley 2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.121 AU)
   Oct 20 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Zond 8 Launch (USSR Moon Flyby)
   Oct 21 - Orionids Meteor Shower Peak
   Oct 21 - Asteroid 4535 Adamcarolla Closest Approach To Earth (2.183 AU)
   Oct 22 - Asteroid 202683 (2006 US216) Near-Venus Flyby (0.025 AU)
   Oct 22 - Asteroid 4783 Wasson Closest Approach To Earth (1.481 AU)
   Oct 22 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 9, Venus Landing (Soviet Venus
Orbiter/Lander)
   Oct 23 - Asteroid 2000 TU28 Near-Earth Flyby (0.067 AU)
   Oct 23 - Asteroid 2247 Hiroshima Closest Approach To Earth (1.185 AU)
   Oct 23 - Karl Jansky's 105th Birthday (1905)
   Oct 24 - Asteroid 2009 FD Near-Earth Flyby (0.071 AU)
   Oct 24 - Asteroid 2710 Veverka Closest Approach To Earth (1.687 AU)
   Oct 25 - Asteroid 2005 UN Near-Earth Flyby (0.020 AU)
   Oct 25 - Asteroid 1998 SD9 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.048 AU)
   Oct 25 - Asteroid 10217 Richardcook Closest Approach To Earth (1.075 AU)
   Oct 25 - Asteroid 3066 McFadden Closest Approach To Earth (1.262 AU)
   Oct 25 - 35th Anniversary (1975), Venera 10, Venus Landing
   Oct 26 - Asteroid 2004 XD6 Near-Mars Flyby (0.023 AU)
   Oct 26 - Asteroid 82332 Las Vegas Closest Approach To Earth (1.576 AU)
* Oct 26 - Asteroid 1193 Africa Closest Approach To Earth (1.955 AU)
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 162269 (1999 VO6) Near-Venus Flyby (0.041 AU)
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 4766 Malin Closest Approach To Earth (1.457 AU)
   Oct 27 - Asteroid 3693 Barringer Closest Approach To Earth (1.607 AU)
   Oct 28 - Asteroid 4151 Alanhale Closest Approach To Earth (2.247 AU)
   Oct 29 - Asteroid 2007 JB21 Near-Earth Flyby (0.099 AU)
* Oct 30 - Comet 223P/Skiff Closest Approach To Earth (1.636 AU)
   Oct 30 - Asteroid 2003 UV11 Near-Earth Flyby (0.013 AU)
   Oct 30 - Asteroid 2848 ASP Closest Approach To Earth (1.577 AU)
   Oct 30 - Asteroid 6487 Tonyspear Closest Approach To Earth (1.692 AU)
   Oct 30 - Asteroid 16035 Sasandford Closest Approach To Earth (1.856 AU)
* Oct 31 - Asteroid 30444 Shemp Closest Approach To Earth (1.489 AU)
   Oct 31 - Michael Collins' 80th Birthday (1930)

November 2010
* Nov ?? - Cubesats/PW-Sat 1/Laser Relativity Satellite (LARES) Vega Launch
(Inaugural Vega Launch)
* Nov ?? - Cosmos Glonass K1+K2 Soyuz 2 Fregat Launch
* Nov ?? - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of the NWA 480 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
* Nov 01 - Daylight Saving - Set Clock Back 1 Hour (United States)
* Nov 02 - Asteroid 2008 EL Near-Earth Flyby (0.032 AU)
* Nov 02 - Harlow Shapley's 125th Birthday (1885)
* Nov 03 - Taurids Meteor Shower Peak
* Nov 04 - Asteroid 2006 JY26 Near-Earth Flyby (0.037 AU)
* Nov 05 - Moon Occults Venus
* Nov 05 - Asteroid 9134 Encke Closest Approach To Earth (1.901 AU)
* Nov 06 - Asteroid 736 Harvard Closest Approach To Earth (1.061 AU)
* Nov 07 - Asteroid 2002 VE68 Near-Earth Flyby (0.035 AU)
* Nov 07 - Asteroid 3753 Cruithne Closest Approach To Earth (0.422 AU)
* Nov 07 - Asteroid 63163 Jerusalem Closest Approach To Earth (1.417 AU)
* Nov 07 - Asteroid 582 Olympia Closest Approach To Earth (1.450 AU)
* Nov 07 - Asteroid 8734 Warner Closest Approach To Earth (1.736 AU)
* Nov 08 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #265 (OTM-265)
* Nov 08 - Asteroid 243 Ida Closest Approach To Earth (1.759 AU)
* Nov 08 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Little Joe 5 Launch
* Nov 09 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Dione & Enceladus
* Nov 09 - Comet C/2009 T1 (McNaught) Closest Approach To Earth (6.120 AU)
* Nov 09 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Venus Express Launch (ESA Venus Orbiter)
* Nov 09 - 40th Anniversary (1970), OFO-1 (Orbiting Frog Otolith) Launch
* Nov 10 - Asteroid 149 Medusa Closest Approach To Earth (1.042 AU)
* Nov 10 - 40th Anniversary (1970), Luna 17 Launch (USSR Moon Rover Mission)
* Nov 11 - Cassini, Titan Flyby
* Nov 11 - Asteroid 253 Mathilde Closest Approach To Earth (1.402 AU)
* Nov 11 - Asteroid 3623 Chaplin Closest Approach To Earth (1.717 AU)
* Nov 11 - Asteroid 10050 Rayman Closest Approach To Earth (2.075 AU)
* Nov 11 - Vesto Slipher's 135th Birthday (1875)
* Nov 12 - 30th Anniversary (1980), Voyager 1, Saturn Flyby
* Nov 14 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #266 (OTM-266)
* Nov 14 - Asteroid 2009 TN8 Near-Vesta Flyby (0.029 AU)
* Nov 16 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Venera 3 Launch (USSR Venus Lander)
* Nov 17 - Leonids Meteor Shower Peak
* Nov 17 - Asteroid 2933 Amber Closest Approach To Earth (1.588 AU)
* Nov 17 - Asteroid 2005 JU81 Near-Earth Flyby (0.038 AU)
* Nov 17 - Kuiper Belt Object 90377 Sedna Closest Approach To Earth (86.372 AU)
* Nov 18 - Asteroid 2005 BT1 Near-Mercury Flyby (0.024 AU)
* Nov 18 - Asteroid 7958 Leakey Closest Approach To Earth (0.928 AU)
* Nov 18 - Asteroid 7934 Sinatra Closest Approach To Earth (1.522 AU)
* Nov 20 - Comet C/2009 W2 (Boattini) Closest Approach To Earth  (6.161 AU)
* Nov 20 - Asteroid 6373 Stern Closest Approach To Earth (1.798 AU)
* Nov 20 - Asteroid 1000 Piazzia Closest Approach To Earth (3.073 AU)
* Nov 20 - 5th Anniversary (2005), Hayabusa, Asteroid 25143 Itokawa Sample
Collection
* Nov 21 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #267 (OTM-267)
* Nov 21 - Asteroid 12485 Jenniferharris Closest Approach To Earth (1.056 AU)
* Nov 22 - Comet C/2009 U1 (Garradd) Closest Approach To Earth (2.652 AU)
* Nov 23 - Asteroid 2008 KT Near-Earth Flyby (0.014 AU)
* Nov 23 - 50th Anniversary (1960), Tiros II Launch (Weather Satellite)
* Nov 24 - Asteroid 5254 Ulysses Closest Approach To Earth (3.616 AU)
* Nov 25 - Asteroid 2002 KL3 Near-Venus Flyby (0.031 AU)
* Nov 25 - Asteroid 498 Tokio Closest Approach To Earth (1.545 AU)
* Nov 26 - Asteroid 164294 (2004 XZ130) Near-Venus Flyby (0.032 AU)
* Nov 26 - Asteroid 5102 Benfranklin Closest Approach To Earth (1.478 AU)
* Nov 26 - 45th Anniversary (1965), Asterix 1 Launch (France's 1st Satellite)
* Nov 27 - Cassini, Orbital Trim Maneuver #268 (OTM-268)
* Nov 27 - Comet P/2009 SK280 (Spacewatch-Hill) Closest Approach To Earth (3.499
AU)
* Nov 28 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Hyperion
* Nov 28 - Asteroid 207945 (1991 JW) Near-Earth Flyby (0.095 AU)
* Nov 28 - Nathaniel Bliss' 310th Birthday (1700)
* Nov 29 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Titan
* Nov 29 - 10th Anniversary (2000), Discovery of Y000593 Meteorite (Mars
Meteorite)
* Nov 30 - ATV-2 (Johannes Kepler) Ariane 5 Launch
* Nov 30 - Cassini, Enceladus Flyby
* Nov 30 - Cassini, Distant Flyby of Atlas & Janus
* Nov 30 - Asteroid 13609 Lewicki Closest Approach To Earth (1.500 AU)
* Nov 30 - Asteroid 5382 McKay Closest Approach To Earth (1.762 AU)

Cassini Significant Events
for 11/18/09 - 11/23/09

The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired on Nov. 23 from the
Deep Space Network tracking complex at Canberra, Australia.  The
Cassini spacecraft is in an excellent state of health and all
subsystems are operating normally. Information on the present
position and speed of the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the
"Present Position" page at:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/present-position.cfm.


Wednesday, Nov. 18 (DOY 322)

A news note called "Before Darkness Falls: Cassini to Scan Enceladus
on Winter's Cusp" previewed the upcoming Enceladus flyby, describing
it as "a last peek at the intriguing 'tiger stripes' before winter
darkness blankets the area for several years." Scientists are
particularly interested in the tiger stripes, which are fissures in
the south polar region, because they spew jets of water vapor and
other particles hundreds of kilometers from the surface.
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20091119/

A web feature story, "Cassini's Big Sky: The View from the Center of
Our Solar System," described how Cassini recently helped rewrite our
understanding of the shape of our solar system. For decades,
scientists pictured our solar system as having a comet-like
appearance. The new results suggest a picture more like a bubble.
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20091120/

The main engine cover was closed on Nov. 18 at the end of the Orbit
Trim Maneuver (OTM) #223 backup pass.

Port 2 files were due today as part of the S59 Science Operations
Plan process.  The files have been merged and a Science Planning
assessment of the product released for review.

Both the Live update and Live Update block for the Enceladus 8 flyby
were sent up to the spacecraft today along with a tweak to the
Magnetometer Subsystem (MAG) Flux Gate Magnetometer (FGM) autorange
boundaries.

Thursday, Nov. 19 (DOY 323):

In addition to the Enceladus 8 flyby, science this week included
Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) leading a joint
Optical Remote Sensing (ORS) E and G ring phase observation and a
joint ORS mosaic of Saturn to look at global dynamics.  VIMS spent
some time looking at Saturn's northern hemisphere dynamics, and the
Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) performed a helium abundance
measurement at the Radio Science (RSS) occultation egress point.

Imaging Science (ISS) acquired data for more Saturn wide-angle camera
photopolarimetry and lightning searches, and observed the transit of
Pandora across Epimetheus for orbit determination purposes.

The Magnetospheric and Plasma Science (MAPS) teams continued the
magnetospheric boundaries campaign and began a campaign to examine
interactions between the rings and the satellites.

The Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed Dione, measuring
the satellite's albedo in ultraviolet light to determine the phase
function.
This is part of the ongoing campaign to investigate surface
microstructure and frost properties as a function of location. CIRS
and VIMS rode along.

Friday, Nov. 20 (DOY 324):

A non-targeted flyby of Helene occurred today, and tomorrow along
with the Enceladus 8 targeted flyby will be non-targeted flybys of
Pandora, Titan, Calypso and Rhea.

On DOY 324 Cassini Radio Science (RSS) successfully completed the
orbit 121 Saturn occultation experiment. The experiment was an egress
only atmospheric occultation and was covered by Canberra's DSS-43 for
X- and S-band, and DSS-34 for X- and Ka-band. It is the second of a
sequence of three occultations in the Cassini Equinox Mission that
probe Saturn's mid-northern latitude, a region which was sparsely
sampled during the prime mission. The latitude probed on Rev 121 was
about 27.5 deg north as measured near the top of the troposphere.
Measurements of the S-, X-, and Ka-band signals' amplitude,
frequency, and phase provide information about the large- and
small-scale structure of the atmosphere, the temperature and pressure
profile, zonal wind, abundance of microwave absorbing species, the
electron number density profile of the ionosphere, and on variability
of the profiles with latitude and solar zenith angle.

Saturday, Nov. 21 (DOY 325):

The main engine cover was opened today. This was the 53rd in-flight
cycle. The stow position reached a nominal 33.04 degrees.

Just under three weeks after the Enceladus 7 flyby, Cassini once
again flew past Enceladus, this time with a very different geometry,
approaching within 1,600 kilometers of the surface. E8 closest
approach occurred at 2009-325T05:15:03 SCET, at a speed of 7.7 km/sec
at 82 degrees S latitude. The spacecraft was under thruster control
during the flyby to allow for precise tracking of surface features.

VIMS observed Enceladus as the moon emerged from eclipse, followed by
a CIRS fast raster scan of Enceladus' night side. ISS then took over
for high-resolution plume observations obtaining a clear filter
mosaic of terrain on the leading hemisphere, providing the
best-resolution mosaic so far of that hemisphere.  This data can be
combined with earlier images of the same region at different
geometries to create high-resolution topographic maps, and will be
used to look for possible temporal variations in the morphology of
the tiger stripes.

CIRS had prime pointing control during closest approach for a high
resolution FP3 scan of Baghdad Sulcus - one of the tiger stripe
features - tracking along the fissure in the south polar region to
examine plume sources and producing the highest-ever-resolution
contiguous thermal map of this region.

ISS and VIMS then mapped the sunlit surface of Enceladus on
departure. UVIS performed a long stare for a tenuous atmosphere
search, which will provide
data to associate plume activity with the quantity of volatiles near
Enceladus.  Over the following downlink of data, RSS performed gravity
science to better determine Enceladus' mass.

Shortly after the targeted Enceladus flyby, Cassini flew less than
25,000 kilometers from Rhea, allowing for ISS high-resolution imaging
- around 150-175 m/px - and compositional mapping of regions
including the fractured "wispy terrain," followed by a VIMS
point-and-stare observation. UVIS searched for the Rhea ring,
targeting beta Ori and kappa Ori. This observation was also used to
look for volatiles.  Finally, CIRS performed a limb-to-limb fast scan
along Rhea's equator, including night and early morning local times.

To view the flyby page for this encounter link to:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/flybys/enceladus20091121/

Following the flyby this unprocessed image was posted to the Cassini
webpage. It shows the ridges and fractures on the surface of the icy
moon.
Link to: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/imagedetails/index.cfm?imageId=3749

In a news note called "Cassini Sends Back Images of Enceladus as
Winter Nears," mission managers said the spacecraft sailed seamlessly
through its Enceladus flyby. The spacecraft has sent back temperature
data and spectacular images, including ones of the jets of water
vapor and other particles emanating from the moon's south polar
region.  For the full text and links to additional information go to:
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20091121/

Sunday, Nov. 22 (DOY 326):

On Nov. 21, after the E8 flyby, a solid-state power switch (SSPS)
trip occurred that turned VIMS off and turned the replacement heater
turn on. Real time commands were sent today to turn the instrument
and supplemental heater back on and the replacement heater off.  This
was the first SSPS trip since Nov. 26, 2008.  VIMS is currently in a
safe state and operating normally.

OTM #224 was performed today.  This was the cleanup maneuver from the
E8 encounter on Nov 21.  The main engine burn began at 2:44 PM PST.
Telemetry immediately after the maneuver showed a burn duration of
14.94 seconds, giving a delta-V of 2.54 m/s. All subsystems reported
nominal performance after the maneuver.

Monday, Nov. 23 (DOY 327):

The Science Operations Plan process for S60 kicked off today. Two new
milestones have been added to this process for prime-rider instrument
coordination.   The first delivery port for this sequence is
scheduled for Dec. 15.

Update:

On Tuesday, Nov. 24, images and a movie were released showing the
tallest known "northern lights" in the solar system, flickering in
shape and brightness high above Saturn. Ultraviolet and infrared
instruments on Cassini have captured images of Saturn's auroras
before, but in the latest images, Cassini's camera was able to
capture the northern lights in the visible part of the light
spectrum, in higher resolution. This is the first visible-light video
of the auroras. The release also features an explanatory video.
Visit:  http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/video/videodetails/?videoID=198

Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more information about the
Cassini Project: <http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/>
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