--- In lambengolmor@yahoogroups.com, "David Giraudeau" <davidkiks@...> wrote:

> here are some possible errors in PE17 :
>
> PE17:5
> both published and in the >> both published in the

No, the allusion is to examples that were published at that time and also to
examples
written at that time in the "Silmarillion" materials but not yet published then.

>
[...]
>
> PE17:25
> a Qenya word  [could it be "Quenya" instead ?]

Yes, this should certainly be "a Quenya word."  This is actually a silent
expansion of
Tolkien's "a Q. word" but he would have spelled it with the "u" if he had
written it in
full at this time.

>
[...]
> PE17:146
> Etym. AM- 'up' >> Etym. AM²- 'up'

My feeling is that the superscripted number is superfluous in this context: it
is not
an essential component of the linguistic form; the reference is unambiguous
since the
gloss of the base is included; and the number would not mean anything to readers
not already very familiar with _The Etymologies_ or having it before them as
they
were reading PE 17.

>
[...]
> PE17:166
> _ataquanta-_, refall, fall second time, double fall [could it be "refill" and
"fill" instead, cf. _entaquanta- 'refill' next page and  roots KWAT- in Etym. or
QNTN or QATA in PE12]

At the time I published PE 17 it seemed clear that either "refall" was a slip
for
"refill" or else _ataquanta_ was a slip for _atalanta_ and I intended (but in
the
event neglected) to point out the alternative possibilities in the annotation. 
The
other two glosses are more hasty and could be interpreted either way.  The
reading
of the "a" in the first gloss seemed clear at the time; but I see on reëxamining
my
copy of the ms. page that this gloss is written over something else in
ball-point,
which is too obscured to interpret, but may be contributing to an actual "i" in
the
gloss (written without a dot) looking like an "a."  Given that "refall" is an
unusual construction in English anyway, I think it is indeed much more likely
that Tolkien
wrote "_ataquanta_, refill, fill second time, double fill."

Christopher Gilson

If this is correct - sorry for an elfling rather than lambengolmor statement -
any scandinavian members will be happy to know that Tolkien knew of the Swedish
coffee house custom of _påtår_ and made _ataquanta_ to represent it in Quenya.
Or does _refill_ occur often in English customs?







 Given that "refall" is an unusual construction in English anyway, I think it is
indeed much more likely that Tolkien
wrote "_ataquanta_, refill, fill second time, double fill."


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I received today copies of two new books of Tolkien scholarship containing new
primary material that will be of special interest to this list:

=================

1) _The Art of the Hobbit_ by J.R.R. Tolkien, ed. Wayne G. Hammond and Christina
Scull
(London, HarperCollinsPublishers, 2011)
<http://www.amazon.co.uk/Art-Hobbit-J-R-Tolkien/dp/0007440812/>

p. 51 offers the largest and clearest reproduction yet of the version of
"Thror's Map" that has the Noldorin inscription:

		   brann i-
	 Lheben teil annon
	 ar neledh [?neledie >>] neledhi gar
	 {gold >> ?goelend}
	 godrebh

and the Old English inscription:

	 fif fóta heah is se duru a{nd}
		     [?mæg]
	 þrie mæg samod þurhgang[?en]d

(The last letters of "and" are rubbed, and above "duru and" two words, or
possibly one long word, of perhaps 8 to 10 letters, have been erased, possibly
containing "gh" as the 3/4 or 4/5 letters.)

p. 56 reproduces, from the verso of the same version of "Thror's Map", Tolkien's
sketches for the moon-runes ("Stand by the grey stone..."), accompanied by the
start of a Noldorin translation:

	 har na ond i mid

With _har_ cp. QL HARA- 'cleave, remain', har(e) 'near' (PE12:39); GL hast
'waiting. a wait. a pause, a rest. stop'. hasta- 'to tarry, wait. pause, stay.
stop' (PE11:48).

(There is also a full translation of the moon-runes into Old Norse and a partial
translation in Old English.)

p. 114 reproduces, from the verso of Tolkien's sketch of "The Death of Smaug", a
number of _tengwar_ transcriptions of English phrases.

=================

2) _The History of the Hobbit_, revised and expanded one-volume edition, J.R.R.
Tolkien, ed. John Rateliff
(London, HarperCollinsPublishers, 2011)
<http://www.amazon.co.uk/History-Hobbit-J-R-R-Tolkien/dp/0007440820/>

p. 895 reproduces Tolkien's runic (futhorc-style) banners (in the event not
used) for the Longmans Green and co. 1966 school edition of _The Hobbit_.

pp. 902-11 provide:

	 i. Tolkien's table and discussion of the "Runes used by Thorin & Co." (i.e.,
his modified version of the _futhorc_ adapted to Modern English),

	 ii. Two further versions of Tolkien's _tengwar_ transcription of Thorin's
letter of contract with Bilbo ("Thorin and company to burglar Bilbo
greetings....").

	 iii. Tolkien's table and discussion of an "Adaptation of the Feanorian Alphabet
as used by Dwarves (and others) for the common or ordinary language", including
punctuation and two systems of numerals.

	 iv. Tolkien's table and discussion of "Feanorian applied to English", including
punctuation and _tehtar_.


If anyone spots any new material that I overlooked, please let the list know.

-- Carl Hostetter

Dear Carl,

Thank you very much for this interesting information.
I have a question and an addition.

On 15.11.2011, at 23:23, Carl F. Hostetter wrote:

> and the Old English inscription:
>
> fif fóta heah is se duru a{nd}
> [?mæg]
> flrie mæg samod flurhgang[?en]d

I'd venture to guess that the initial consonant of _flrie_ and _flurhgang_ is
thorn, hence þrie (= OE 'three', i.e. þrí­e, thrí­e) and þurhgang[...] (probably
OE þurhgangan, thurhgangan 'go through, enter').

Is this just a technical problem of representing thorn or does the print edition
perhaps intend to write f+l ?

[The fl ligature is indeed a thorn. This and other manglings you may see in your
email are due to Yahoo groups' encoding. See the post on the web at
<http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/message/1116> for an accurate
rendering. CFH]

> har na ond i mid
>
> With _har_ cp. QL HARA- 'cleave, remain', har(e) 'near' (PE12:39); GL hast
'waiting. a wait. a pause, a rest. stop'. hasta- 'to tarry, wait. pause, stay.
stop' (PE11:48).

While not an exact semantic match, cf. also _hára_ 'to be sitting' as in _i
hárar mahalmassen_ "those who sit upon the thrones" (UT:305).

-David Kiltz

Bay East Auctions' Art & Book Sale, 27 Nov. 2011:

<http://bayeastauctions.com.au/auctions_catalogues.php?auction=384>

contains the following Tolkien lot of particular interest to this list:

===========

Lot 389: <http://bayeastauctions.com.au/lot_details.php?lot=177950#>

Signed set of _The Lord of the Rings_ with (Nov. 1954?)

1) _Tengwar_ transliteration of English inscription:

"With the very best wishes of <J.R.R. Tolkien> I wish that you need not go back
"across so wide a sea"."

2) Tipped-in analysis (1955?) of the _tengwar_ inscription, not in Tolkien's
hand, nor apparently by him -- note the misinterpretation of the flourish of the
final "s"-_tengwa_ of "wishes" as the "u"-_tengwa_.


--
=============================================
Carl F. Hostetter   Aelfwine@...   http://www.elvish.org

            ho bios brachys, he de techne makre.
                    Ars longa, vita brevis.
             The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.
"I wish life was not so short," he thought.  "Languages take such
     a time, and so do all the things one wants to know about."

Hello,

here is a list of PE12 changes between 2nd printing (2003) and revised 3rd
printing (2011) :

http://lambenore.free.fr/downloads/PE12_changes.pdf

Cordially,

David

PARMA ELDALAMBERON 20

The Qenya Alphabet

Documents by J. R. R. TOLKIEN

<http://www.eldalamberon.com/parma20.html>

This forthcoming issue presents previously unpublished writings about an early
version of one of J. R. R. Tolkien's invented scripts, edited and annotated by
Arden R. Smith, under the guidance of Christopher Tolkien and with the
permission of the Tolkien Estate.

_The Qenya Alphabet_ is an edition of Tolkien's charts and notes from circa 1931
dealing with the earliest version of the type of writing later called "Fëanorian
Tengwar."   This issue of _Parma Eldalamberon_ contains 40 documents in which
Tolkien's examples of the scripts are reproduced using electonic scans of
black-and-white photocopies of the original manuscripts.

The documents include different versions of a detailed explanation of the use of
the script for representing English, both phonetically and also according to
English spelling.  These have charts of the theoretical values of the sounds
represented by the letters, and various English words and texts written in the
scripts.  

There are also various specimen texts written by Tolkien in the Qenya Alphabet.
 These exemplify some conceptual changes in mode, and there is a great variety
of different styles, ranging from formal "book-hand" to rapidly written cursive.
 Most of these examples are in English, but there are also texts in Latin, Old
English and Old High German.  The editor has provided transcriptions of the
example texts along with commentary on their dating and historical background. 

_Parma Eldalamberon_ Issue Number 20 is a 160-page journal.

Publication Date: 3 August 2012

The cost is $35 per copy including postage and handling world-wide. You can
reserve a copy by ordering it now via PayPal at the web-page link given above,
or by sending a check to:

Christopher Gilson
1240 Dale Avenue, No. 40
Mountain View, CA 94040
U. S. A.
*
cgilson75@...

I posted this on Elfling and got a partial answer from David Salo, but
it wasn't quite what I was looking for. So:

Does anyone know of a list that shows which forms in David Salo's
_Gateway to Sindarin_ are derived by Salo and are not attested in
Tolkien's own writings? I know that it was Salo's intention to mark all
the forms accordingly, but (not surprisingly) there's actually some
inconsistency in the marking. For my own purposes, I would like to
know which forms Salo derived as opposed to those which actually
come from Tolkien. I haven't been able to find a comprehensive list,
however.

Thanks,
Kate

On Dec. 12, 2012, Madeline J. Keyser posted on the "TolkienLibrary.com" site  a
report on "Sixteen Philological Books and Notes from the Library of J.R.R.
Tolkien", held in the Cushing Memorial Library and Archives at Texas A&M
University. Among the images of notes in Tolkien's hand published in the course
of this report, two are of particular interest to students of Tolkien's invented
languages. Both of these are fragmentary, each occupying a single side of a torn
half-sheet of paper. The date (or dates) of this fragments are uncertain, but
from the style of Tolkien's handwriting and from the paper-type they appear to
date from the early- to mid-1930s. They read:

Fragment 1:
----------

.... They may not be used as nouns without change.
The comparative suffixes are -{_ña_ >>} _nya_, compar[ative]; -_nta_
superl[ative].
In a few cases — probably where what now appears as the adjectival stem
really contains an old suffix as _bara_ 'good' = _ba_ + _ra_ — this is
irregular.
Thus _mora_ 'dark' _moranya_ darker _moranta_ darkest.
     _bara_ 'good' {_baranya_ better {baranta best.
                   {_banya_          {banta
-_nta_ is not merely augmentative. For augmentative suffixes see below.
It is strictly comparative and requires no article.

Fragment 2:
----------

... significances being set aside, given a considerably higher ...
syllables following or preceding.
   The main-stress normally occurs on the _vowel_ of the penultimate syllable.
Certain formations (more rarely dissyllabic stems) are, however, 'dactylic'
accenting the antepenult. In this case the position of the accent is always
marked with the stress-mark ´. The same sign is also used where
final _o_, _e_ have been omitted, as occurs colloquially and in some cases
regularly, after single r, s, n, l, t. [Thus _fár_ (= fár' for _faro_ 'bread') :
in this case ´ shows omission of _o_/_e_ and also length of vowel, for the
length of _fa:�ro_ is retained.]

Although the author of the report posits that these note fragments refer to
Germanic languages, in fact they are fragments of a grammar of an invented
Elvish, or Elvish-influenced, language, apparently dating to sometime in the
1930s (judging by the style of handwriting and the type of paper). The surviving
fragments of this grammar appear on a small number of torn half-sheets that are
now found among Tolkien's manuscripts at the Bodleian Library (Tolkien used the
backs of the scraps to write unrelated material), on one of which the (apparent)
name of the language is given as "Nala Lambe" (where _nala_ is untranslated and
of uncertain meaning — though perhaps cf. *ngalámbe 'barbarous speech' <
ÑGAL-/ÑGALAM- 'talk loud or incoherently', V:377; or NALA- 'ring, play', PE12:64
— but _lambe_ plainly relates to Q. _lambe_ 'tongue, language' < LAB-; cf. Q
_parmalambe_ 'book-language', V:380 s.v. PAR-). It is uncertain whether all the
material on the half-sheets at the Bodleian pertains to Nala Lambe, though
several of them indisputably do — for example, four of the half sheets join up
to form the first two pages of a grammar. And it is clear that at least Fragment
2 above describes Nala Lambe, as the discussion of the forms _fár_, _fár'_, and
_faro_ in the Cushing fragment is repeated (with similar wording) on the second
page of the reassembled Bodleian grammar of Nala Lambe. The internal evidence
connecting Cushing's Fragment 1 with this material is less definitive, but the
external evidence (paper, ink, handwriting, etc.) suggests that it very probably
belongs with it. The speakers of Nala Lambe are unidentified in any fragment,
and its precise nature is unclear, beyond the fact that it bears many
similarities to Elvish.

The language as evidenced here might appear at first to be of the Q(u)enya type,
given the adjectival suffixes -_nya_ and -_nta_, which fit well phonologically
with Q(u)enya but would be impermissible in any of the
Goldogrin/Noldorin/Sindarin complex of languages; but on the other hand, initial
_b_ is likewise impermissible in Q(u)enya. Noting that the adjective _bara_
'good' bears a striking resemblance to Q(u). _mára_ 'good' (cf. Etym. MAG- "use,
handle, in *_magra:�_ useful, fit, good (of things): Q _mára_, N _maer_",
V:371), it might appear that this language underwent a change of initial *_m-_ >
_b-_. However, the form _mora_ 'dark', which is transparently related to the
base MOR- (whence Q. _more_ 'black', _móre_ 'blackness, dark, night', V:373)
shows that the normal development of initial *_m-_ would be _m-_, not _b-_. It
might be that _bara_ is intended as a derivative of a variant (though
unattested) form *MBAG- of MAG- (bases with such M-/MB- variants do occur, cf.
Etym. MASAG-, MBAS- 'knead'); and if so, the change of initial *_mb-_ > _b-_
would parallel that which Tolkien indicated for the Danian, East Danian, and
Taliska in the "Comparative Tables" of sound-changes associated with the
_Tengwesta Qenderinwa_ of c. 1937 (PE19:20), all of which Tolkien notes are of
"a Germanic type". This in turn suggests that the language described in this
fragment may be intended to be another such Germanic-type language, or perhaps
is a conceptual precursor to one of these Germanic-type languages.

The form _faro_ 'bread' of Nala Lambe may similarly — but more problematically —
be intended to be related to Etym. MBAS- 'knead', whence Q. _masta_, N _bast_, S
_-bas_  'bread', with initial *_mb-_ > _f-_; or perhaps to related MASAG-
'knead, make soft by rubbing, kneading', with initial *_m-_ > _f-_; with in
either case rhotacization of medial _-s-_ > _-r-_. Both derivations are
problematic, however, since the form _mora_ 'dark' would seem to rule out a
development of initial *_m-_ > _f-_, while a development of initial *_mb-_ >
_f-_ would be in unconditioned variance with the development *_mb-_ > _b-_
proposed for _bara_ 'good'. So if _faro_ 'bread' is indeed to be related to
MBAS-, it may require that the proximate source was (possibly Noldorin) *_bas-_,
with the subsequent development of initial *_b-_ > _f-_. (It may be significant
in this regard that Danian, East Danian, and Taliska are all indicated by
Tolkien as having a "notable, aberrant development" of initial *_p-_ > _f-_ —
i.e., the same development described by Grimm's Law for the Germanic languages —
in the "Comparative Tables", p. 18; though of course the devoicing would also
have to be accounted for.)

-- Carl F. Hostetter
   Patrick H. Wynne

We thank the Tolkien Estate for permission to publish the transcript of these
fragments and to refer to the other fragments in the Bodleian.

I just noticed that the link to the original post containing the fragments was
edited out by the Yahoo text engine. Hopefully this will work:

http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/1066-Sixteen-philological-books-notes-librar\
y-of-Tolkien.php

-- Carl F. Hostetter

Note that Carl Hostetter was kind enough to add some remarks of his own to my
post, which are in square brackets [...]. My comments on his remarks will be in
double-square: [[...]]

In message 1122 (http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/message/1122),
Carl F. Hostetter and Patrick H. Wynne were kind enough to draw our attention to
two interesting notes of interest to Tolkienian linguistics. For convenience,
the transcriptions by the authors are given here in full, followed by my own
remarks. Note that I fully agree with Hostetter and Wynne that these are notes
on some kind of Elvish language.

In the case of 'fragment 1', the apparent archaicity of the suffixes (although
vowel-length is not indicated) plus the possible retention of original *b- (if
it is not to be derived from *mb-) may point to the actual discussion of some
kind of proto-forms.

> Fragment 1:
> ----------
>
> .... They may not be used as nouns without change.
> The comparative suffixes are -{_ña_ >>} _nya_, compar[ative]; -_nta_
superl[ative].
> In a few cases ˜ probably where what now appears as the adjectival stem
> really contains an old suffix as _bara_ 'good' = _ba_ + _ra_ ˜ this is
irregular.
> Thus _mora_ 'dark' _moranya_ darker _moranta_ darkest.
> _bara_ 'good' {_baranya_ better {baranta best.
> {_banya_ {banta
> -_nta_ is not merely augmentative. For augmentative suffixes see below.
> It is strictly comparative and requires no article.

I think it is of significance that Tolkien notes that _bara_ is to be analysed
as originally containing a suffix, i.e. _-ra_. The root, then, _ba-_ could
perhaps be compared to *bana: with further derivatives _*banya:_, Q _vanya_
'beautiful' and Q _vanima_ 'fair, cf. Etym. BAN- (V:351). Semantically,
derivatives from a root _*ba-_ meaning either 'good' or something like
'agreeable, beautiful, fair' seem quite possible. Cf. also Qenya _vanya_ 'holy,
not evil', comparative _valda_, vanyalda_; also _mara_ 'excellent, useful, not
bad', comparative _malda_ in the English-Qenya Dictionary  s.v. Good (PE15:73)
which point to an original base Q _va-_, CE *_ba-_ 'good' etc.

[NL _bara_ = _ba_ + _ra_ might well be evidence for a base *BA- good. However,
since primitive *_magra:�_ 'useful, fit, good (of things)' < MAG- (V:371)  is
itself formed with a primitive suffix *_-ra:_ the significance of Tolkien's note
pertains to this analysis as well. Furthermore, since primitive medial *_g_ was
regularly lost in Q, I don't think Q. _mara_ at PE15:73 necessarily implies a CE
*_ba-_. That _mara_ might just as well have arisen from *_mag-ra_ as well, and
comp. _malda_ could be explained either as due to syncope of *_maralda_ or as
due to a back-formed root *_ma-_ within Qenya itself. CFH]

[[The entry in the English-Qenya Dictionary  s.v. Good (PE15:73) that I quoted
gives both forms with _v-_ and _m-_. Hence I think we may simple have to
different roots and that, at least at some time, Q(u)enya was conceived as
having derivatives of both original roots with initial _b-_ and _m-_. I agree
that the forms with _m-_ may well derive from root MAG-. I'm skeptical about
_malda_ < *_maralda_ via syncope. That is because Tolkien tells us that it was
indeed the other way round and the parallel in 'real-world' Indo-European. Also,
I'm not aware of other examples for such a syncope. As for the back-formation,
while possible, it may not even be necessary to assume it, since _malda_ and
_mal_ (adverb, loc. cit.) may go directly back to *_mag-lda_ > _ma:lda_ >
_malda_ (the latter with shortening of _a:_ before double consonant.]]



The possible formation of the comparative and the superlative directly from the
root rather than the adjective cum suffix is reminiscent of Indo-European: e.g.
Latin _magnus_ 'big' but _maior_, _maius_ 'bigger' < *_mag-yo:s_, _mag-yos_ or
Sanskrit _yávistha_ 'youngest, youngest-born' from a positive _yúv-an_ 'young,
youthful'. Cf. also, in a cross-comparison between two members of the I.-E.
language family, Proto-Germanic _*batiz-_, _*batist-_ 'better', 'best', 
Sanskrit _bhad-ram_ 'good, agreeable'. (In the Sanskrit (Vedic) word the _s_ and
_th_ are actually retroflex sounds, thus a more precise transcription would be
_yavis.th.a_. Note also, that on the level of Proto-Indo-European, the
comparative and superlative forms may actually have originally contained a
suffix _*-i_; the forms, then, would have been part of what is known as the
'Caland-system' but this is not the place to discuss this inner-I.E. question.)

With regard to the superlative ending _-nta_, note the strikingly similar
superlative suffix _-onta_ of Goldogrin (PE11:16), and that Tolkien there
remarks that "superlatives are really not so but are forms of 'very'[:]
_gwandronta_ = 'exceedingly fair'". Tolkien's remark here that NL "_-nta_ is not
merely augmentative" stands in contrast to this earlier remark and to an
apparent earlier conceptual preference for augmentative rather than truly
superlative suffixes (a preference noted by Thorsten Renk in message 877 of this
list, http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lambengolmor/message/877, in the course
of discussing whether Tom Bombadil's epithet _Iarwain Ben-adar_ 'oldest and
fatherless' contains a superlative suffix). Incidentally, note too that the GL
(PE11:44) seems to contradict the derivation of Q _Vána_ 'fair' one etc. from
_*bana:_ in relating it to Gnomish _gwan-_ etc.

> Fragment 2:
> ----------
>
> ... significances being set aside, given a considerably higher ...
> syllables following or preceding.
> The main-stress normally occurs on the _vowel_ of the penultimate syllable.
> Certain formations (more rarely dissyllabic stems) are, however, 'dactylic'
> accenting the antepenult. In this case the position of the accent is always
> marked with the stress-mark ´. The same sign is also used where
> final _o_, _e_ have been omitted, as occurs colloquially and in some cases
> regularly, after single r, s, n, l, t. [Thus _fár_ (= fár' for _faro_
'bread') :
> in this case ´ shows omission of _o_/_e_ and also length of vowel, for the
> length of _fa:ro_ is retained.]

Question: Could it at all be that _fa:ro_ in the last line is to be read
_fa:so_?

[No, it's very clearly _fa:ro_. CFH]
[[Thank you. As Carl Hostetter himself had rightly pointed out to me, this
doesn't change the possibility of the etymology suggested below, if one assumes
_s_ > _z_ > _r_, i.e. Q(u)enya rhotacism.]]

The author of the report on "Sixteen Philological Books and Notes from the
Library of J.R.R. Tolkien" compares Latin _farina_ "a type of wheat found in the
East". Of course, even if _fár(o)_ were to be some sort of Latin, it wouldn't
derive from _farina_ but rather the other way round. Also, _farina_ means
'flour' in Latin. It derives from _far, farris_ 'spelt'. The word has cognates
in Celtic, Germanic and Slavonic cf. OE _bere_ NE _bar-ley_, Gothic _barizeins_
'of barley_, Russian _bóroshno_ 'rye flour', OldIrish _bairgen_ (< _*bari-_)
'bread'. Old Iceldandic _barr_ probably also belongs here. It not only denotes
cereals and food in general but also the buds of needle-wood. The root
*_bhar-(es)_ means originally 'to prick' and refers especially to plants that
'prick', things like bristles, shaggy hair etc. Indeed, English _beard_ and its
relations belong here too. Typologically, it's not unheard of to relate these
meanings, e.g. in Central Semitic _*´sacr-_ means both 'hair', as well as
'barley'. This suggests that _fa:ro_ could be related to PHAS- (V:381) which
yields e.g. Q _fasse_ 'tangled lock, shaggy hair'.

-David Kiltz

Thanks to a long year-end break and the easing up of professional obligations, I
am pleased to announce that the long-awaited 50th issue of _Vinyar Tengwar_ is
nearing completion. _VT_ 50 contains my presentation and analysis of the "Túrin
Wrapper", featuring a set of three untranslated Sindarin texts from the
(probably early) 1950s pertaining to the "Túrinssaga".

I hope to have the issue completed, printed, and mailed off by March 1.

Please note that henceforth issues of _Vinyar Tengwar_ will be available only
through the online, print-on-demand publisher Lulu.com, which currently also
publishes the various volumes of "The Collected _Vinyar Tengwar_":
http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/elf . Once _VT_ 50 has been mailed, I will be
adding it to, and thus completing, volume 5 of "The Collected _Vinyar Tengwar_".

Current subscribers to _VT_ please note: if you have moved in the years since
_VT_ 49 was published, please email me (directly: Aelfwine@...) as soon
as possible with you current mailing address. And thank you very much for your
long patience!


Carl F. Hostetter

May I ask you for a clarification on how to access issue 50 if you are
not a subscriber? I bought (the incomplete) Vol. 5 some years ago and
I'm thus hoping to just add issue 50. Will my only option be to buy a
new Vol. 5, or will the new issue be offered on Lulu.com as a single
print?

Best wishes,

Morgan Thomsen

[Those who are not current subscribers can obtain a copy of _VT_ 50 by sending
$4 to me, preferably via PayPal payment to Aelfwine@... . Be sure to
include your name and postal address.

Please do so quickly, though, as I will have to freeze the print-run size very
soon.

Carl]

Another update:

I have my subscriber database for _VT_ up to date. If you are uncertain whether
your subscription is current, you can check the status as I have it at:

	 http://elvish.org/members.html

Please contact me directly (Aelfwine@...) if you have any questions or
updates.

Thanks,

Carl F. Hostetter



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Please forgive my use of the forum to issue a plea for help in the most
efficacious manner I can think of:

If there are any members of this list in the Maryland (USA) area that would like
to assist me with the final production chores of _VT_ 50, please contact me
off-list (Aelfwine@...).

Because the printers I have used for many years have closed their doors, and in
order to save some money, I'll once again be printing and producing all copies
of _VT_ 50 myself. That means that, after printing, each of c. 450 copies of
_VT_ 50 will need to be collated, folded, stapled, trimmed, put into an
envelope, sealed, and stamped. And I could sure use some extra hands to form an
assembly-line and make the job much quicker.

I am aiming for doing this on Sat., March 2, and will have all the printing
done, and envelopes and postage in hand by then.

Participants will: 1) get their copy of _VT_ 50 before anyone else, 2) get to
see where all the "magic" happens, 3) have a chance to chat with me about
Tolkien and his languages (but not unpublished stuff — sorry, most of you will
know what happened the LAST time I had a guest come to my house to do that, so
that's no longer an option), and 4) the complimentary enjoyment of a cat (if he
comes out of hiding) and dog. Refreshments will be provided.

I can't accommodate but so many people in the space I have, so if I get a flood
of responses, I'll have to turn some down. But that's the kind of problem I'd
like to have!

Thanks

Carl




[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I'm am pleased to announce the publication of _Vinyar Tengwar_ 50. This 28-page
issue features a presentation and analysis of the “Túrin Wrapper”, comprising a
set of three untranslated Sindarin texts from the (probably early) 1950s
pertaining to the “Túrins Saga”.

(Please note that henceforth issues of _Vinyar Tengwar_ will be sold on a
per-issue basis only, and will be ordered directly from the the online,
print-on-demand publisher Lulu.com. The publication of future volumes will be
announced here and on the E.L.F. website at http://www.elvish.org )

I am also pleased to announce that with the publication of _VT_ 50, volume 5 of
_The Collected Vinyar Tengwar_, containing VT 41-50, is now available for sale
(in both perfect- and coil-bound versions) through the _VT_ Web Shop a:
http://www.elvish.org/VT/shop.html

Carl

Mellyn!

     It is now possible to register for this year's Omentielva, which
will take place from 8 August, 4 p.m., to 11 August, 3:30 p.m., at
Arkadia International Bookshop in Helsinki, Finland. You can register
by paying the conference fee online at Omentielva's website; go to
<www.omentielva.com/register.htm>.

     The full fee is 110 EUR (roughly 140 USD, 93 GBP), which includes
attendance, accomodation and all meals for the duration of the
conference, and eventually the volume of published proceedings.
     For a smaller fee, 25 EUR, you may register as a non-attending
participant. In this way you support the conference and you will get
a copy of the published proceedings.

     (You will have noticed that the proceedings from the previous
Omentielva have not yet appeared. Hopefully they will be published
before the coming conference.)

     Take a look at the Omentielva website <www.omentielva.com> and
consider spending a few enjoyable days, centered on Tolkien's
languages, in Helsinki this August. Further practical information
will be published on the website; the pages will be continually
updated.

	 Hoping to see many of you in Helsinki,

		 Petri Tikka, Chairman of Omentielva Lempea
		 Beregond, Anders Stenström, Secretary

The Fifth International Conference on J.R.R. Tolkien’s Invented
Languages, Omentielva Lempea, takes place in Helsinki, Finland, on
8 - 11 August 2013.
     For this conference we call for scholarly papers on all aspects
of any or all of Tolkien's invented languages, in any or all of
their conceptual stages.
     The proceedings of the conference will be published in the fifth
volume of Arda Philology, to appear in 2014. (The fourth volume will
hopefully appear before Omentielva Lempea.)

     To propose a paper, send an abstract to Beregond, Anders Stenström,
the Omentielva Secretary. Do not make the abstract too short; a couple
of hundred words will normally be needed (but it of course depends on
the complexity of your subject). You do not need to have your
conclusions all worked out in the proposal, but delineate how you
intend to reach them. Append a short presentation of yourself (four
lines or less). Specify which sources you will rely on, and whether
you will discuss any previous studies.
     We expect the presentation of a paper to take 40 minutes. But we aim
at a single-thread programme, and so can accommodate papers of
varying length. Please specify how long you expect to speak, and any
technical equipment you need. Be prepared for questions and
discussion at the end of your presentation.
     Copyright or similar considerations may apply. Before publication
you have to provide a copy of your paper in which all quotation is
highlighted and the source given.
     Append a short presentation of yourself (four lines or less).

     If you wish to submit a paper but can not attend the conference,
you may send a paper to be read and discussed. In the latter case,
state any directions or preferences you may have for the presentation.

========================================================
Information about Omentielva Lempea: <www.omentielva.com>

Send paper proposals, and related enquiries, to:
<beregond@...>.

Dear all,

"For Tolkien, the word came before the world. Yet his claim that he created
Middle-earth to house his invented languages has served mainly to raise
sceptical eyebrows. The on-going publication of his writings on the languages
and scripts of his sub-created world must remedy this...."

My review of Parma Eldalamberon 13 (The Alphabet of Rúmil & Early Noldorin
Fragments) and 14 (Early Qenya & Valmaric), containing work by Tolkien on his
Elvish languages and scripts mostly from the early 1920s, is now on my website:

http://www.johngarth.co.uk/php/parma_eldalamberon_13_and_14.php

The review was previously only available in Tolkien Studies 2 and via
subscription-only Project Muse.

My aim is not to analyse the linguistic content but to show, for a general
audience, why it has literary value and how it underpinned Tolkien's entire
creative project.

I hope you will find it of interest.

Best wishes,

John Garth

Mellyn!

     There is a Quenya inscription by Tolkien in a copy
of _The Fellowship of the Ring_ that is up for auction:
<http://www.bloomsburyauctions.com/detail/36055/390.0>.

     As you can see, it says "Sí man i·yulmar men
enquantuva?", a variation on the similar question in
Galadriel's Lament.

	 Chivalrous greetings,

		 Beregond, Anders Stenström

[This must mean: 'Who now will refill the cups for us?' with 1st pl. inclusive
dative _men_. CFH]

I'd like to expand on my analysis of this inscription, first by providing a
little more detail on the recipient and circumstance of this inscription, and
then by comparing it with a similar and possibly closely-contemporary
inscription.

The Bloomsbury Auctions listing notes that this inscription and the other
(English) inscriptions made to this three-volume set of _The Lord of the Rings_
"appear to relate to [Thomas Patrick] Dunning's departure for Ireland".
According to Scull & Hammond's _J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide_, Tolkien was
appointed the "supervisor of recognized student T.P. Dunning for his thesis on
early English homiletic literature" on Oct. 17, 1952 (C&G I:390), and Tolkien
continued to supervise Dunning through (and beyond) his acceptance as a
probationer B.Litt. student in Oct. 1953 (ibid. 414)[1]. Dunning was indeed
already a noted Langland scholar by 1937, having published _Piers Plowman: An
Interpretation of the A-Text_ in that year (Dublin: Talbot Press; also London:
Longmans), the preface to which moreover notes that it was "based on a thesis
accepted by the National University of Ireland for the M.A. degree." By 1964 he
was a Member of the Royal Irish Academy (see:
<http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/25505122>). Tolkien mentions Dunning's
recent death in a May 1973 letter to Christopher Tolkien (L:430), in the notes
to which (453) we learn that Dunning at some point became a scholar of
Anglo-Saxon at University College, Dublin, and (so I interpret the title "C.M."
there), a priest and member of the Congregatio Missionis (see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Mission>).[2] I have not yet
been able to determine the date of Dunning's "departure for Ireland" that
putatively occasioned the Quenya inscription, but while it seems likely not to
have occurred until after Dunning finished his studies at Oxford, it could even
so have occurred as early as July, 1954, when _The Fellowship of the Ring_ was
published.

It is interesting to compare this inscription for T.P. Dunning with a similar
inscription dated, by Tolkien, specifically to 1954, in a copy of _The
Fellowship of the Ring_ auctioned from the library of Richard Manney:[3]

	 _Sí man i·yulmar ngwen enquantuva_[4]

Of particular interest here is the pronoun _ngwen_, where the Dunning
inscription has _men_. In both cases the occasion of making an inscription for a
recipient and the occurrence of _i·iyulmar_ 'the cups' suggests that _ngwen_ and
_men_ mean 'for us', but two questions remain open 1) whether their number is
plural or dual, and 2) whether they are inclusive or exclusive. Certainly the
dual number would be appropriate to an inscription made by Tolkien for a single
recipient, as appears to have been the case in at least the Dunning inscription;
and certainly the inclusive, indicating both the recipient(s) and Tolkien
himself, might be expected in such an inscription; but neither is inevitably the
case.

Considering the Dunning inscription's _men_, this can most readily be compared
with the independent 1st dual pronoun _met_ 'us two' attested in "Galadriel's
Lament" (LR:377-8, with dual termination _-t_ as in _máryat_ 'her two hands',
R:67). This _met_ must, at least in its usage here, be exclusive, since it
refers specifically to Varda and Galadriel, not to the listeners of her Lament;
and indeed, Tolkien analyzed this form in 1964 as "excluding those to whom
Galadriel is singing" (PE17:135). A 1st plural exclusive (again at least in
usage) pronominal ending _-mme_, which may be cognate with both _men_ and _met_,
is attested in its possessive form in the title of the 1950s _Ataremma_ 'Our
Father' (VT43), as well as in the verbs avamme_, _vamme_ 'we won't' in c.
1959-60 essay "Quendi and Eldar" (XI:371); while in a June 1964 pronominal chart
1st pl. exclusive _-mme_ is formally contrasted with 1st pl. inclusive _-lme_
(alternative _ngwe_) and 1st dual exclusive _-mmo_ (VT49:48). Given this
evidence, if the Dunning inscription was indeed made in the period from the
mid-1950s to the mid-1960, and if its _men_ is indeed cognate with _-mme_, it
would appear to be specifically 1st exclusive (whether plural or dual), meaning
"for me and one/some other(s) but not you, Dunning", with the implication that
it was Dunning who had previously filled the cups for Tolkien and one/some
other(s). (If instead we could date the inscription to the latter half of the
1960s, by which time the pronominal ending _-mme_, and presumably any
independent pronouns cognate with it, had become specifically 1st dual exclusive
(cf. VT49:51), it would mean "for me and one other, not you, Dunning".)

Considering the Manney inscription's _ngwen_, this can be compared with the 1st
inclusive (at least in usage, and in usage possibly either dual or plural)
genitival ending *_-nguo_ in _vomentienguo_ 'of our meeting' (XI:407), and with
the alternative ending _ngwe_ of 1st pl. inclusive _-lme_ in the same June 1964
chart cited above (VT49:48; and note there 1st dual inclusive _ngo_/_-lmo_).
Further, in the same 1964 analysis of _met_ as exclusive cited above, Tolkien
goes on to say that “If they [those to whom Galadriel is singing] had been
included, a plural form would have been required, not dual, and Quenya would
have used _elme_[?] (Old Quenya the special pronoun _ngwe_[?])” (PE17:136),
again suggesting that _ngwe_ is a specifically inclusive and plural form. If
this situation of 1964 applied to the 1954 Manney inscription, it further
suggests that the Manney inscription's _ngwen_ is specifically 1st pl.
inclusive, meaning "for me and you and others". (By the later 1960s _ngwe_ had
become specifically 1st dual inclusive; cf. VT49:16, PE17:57.)

All of this would seem to argue for the Dunning inscription's _men_ being
specifically 1st exclusive, and probably plural, in contrast with (possibly
closely contemporary) 1st pl. inclusive _ngwen_. However, it remains possible
that _men_ serves as both dual and plural in the dative, since the formal
dual/plural distinction via attachment of the dual termination _-t_ to the
pronominal stem seen in acc. _met_ would not be possible in the dative. Further,
it is noteworthy that a pronominal element in _-mm-_ with a necessarily
_inclusive_ meaning in usage (and in usage possibly either dual or plural), is
attested in the 1938 draft form of Frodo’s greeting of Gildor, which has the
form _omentiemman_ 'of our meeting' (VI:324). (And with this possibly dual
inflection in _-mm-_ of 1938 cf. Tolkien's c.1968 statements that "in dual
_inflexions_ duality was shown by duplication of the consonant" (VT49:51, though
there dual _mme_ is exclusive) and that “duals were apparently formed by
reduplication of elements” (VT49:33 n.19).) If the Dunning inscription was made
sufficiently early in the 1950s, then its _men_ could be a preservation of, or
reversion to, this earlier inclusive usage — as perhaps most naturally in the
context of a personal inscription, absent knowledge of any further circumstance
— meaning either dual "for me and for you, Dunning" or plural "for me and you,
Dunning, and others".


Carl F. Hostetter


[1] Note that the Oxford Bachelor of Letters was a postgraduate degree,
entailing a program of one or two years instruction and research; see:
<http://books.google.com/books?id=OP5ePl7i5EIC&pg=PA126&dq=oxford+probationer+B.\
Litt.+student> and
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Bachelors.27_d\
egrees>.

[2] Dunning had become a member of the Congregatio Missionis by 1956, when he
published "The Structure of the B-Text of _Piers Plowman_" in _The Review of
English Studies_, New Series, Vol. 7, No. 27 (Jul., 1956), pp. 225-237
(<http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/511698>) It is also interesting to note
that Dunning went on to edit a critical edition of the Old English poem "The
Wander" with another of Tolkien's former students, A.J. Bliss, in 1969
(Methuen).

[3] On whom see
<http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/29/books/antiques-a-highly-personal-collection-f\
rom-shakespeare-to-oz.html>, and for the catalog containing this inscription
see: <http://www.oakknoll.com/detail.php?d_booknr=35394>. The inscription was
made the first in a three-volume, first-printing set of _The Lord of the Rings_,
of which _The Two Towers_ is simply signed "J.R.R. Tolkien", and _The Return of
the King_ is inscribed "Sarah from J.R.R.T." So the set may be mixed, and
further the _FotR_ may not have been inscribed specifically for Richard Manney.

[4] Published in VT21. Note that this is my editorial reading of what Tolkien
actually wrote in _tengwar_: "Sé man iyulmar nywen enquatuva", and a correction
of the reading I gave in VT21. Cf. also Ivan Derzhanski's article "_E man i
yulma oi enquanta men?_" (VT38).


On May 13, 2013, at 7:10 AM, "Beregond, Anders Stenström"
<beregond@...> wrote:

> There is a Quenya inscription by Tolkien in a copy
> of _The Fellowship of the Ring_ that is up for auction:
> <http://www.bloomsburyauctions.com/detail/36055/390.0>.
>
> As you can see, it says "Sí man i·yulmar men
> enquantuva?", a variation on the similar question in
> Galadriel's Lament.
>
> Chivalrous greetings,
>
> Beregond, Anders Stenström
>
> [This must mean: 'Who now will refill the cups for us?' with 1st pl. inclusive
dative _men_. CFH]