... What about the Shires of the Carolingian Empire encompassing both France and Germany (contemporary to the Shires in KIng Alfred's England)? That would be a...
Naffarin Thinking about the conceptual stages of Tolkien's private languages that preceded QL led me to take another look at Naffarin. All that remains of...
... It seems to me possible that _-far-_ is inspired by the Latin defective verb _fari_ 'speak'. If the preceding element reflects Latin _novus_ and English...
... But _bosh_ (in English at any rate) means 'nonsense' rather than 'speech'. In light of that, I wonder whether _Naffarin_ might not be derived from the...
In a letter to VT (published in #36) Anthony Appleyard looks, inter alia, at the QL entry _velike_ 'great' [VT36:34]. He notes the obvious resemblance to...
An authorial note to the c. 1959-60 essay "Quendi and Eldar" describes what Tolkien calls "a primitive past tense" formation, "marked as such by the 'augment'...
Hello, ... With this, one has to compare Welsh _cathl_ 'hymn, lay, song'. Together wth [Old] Irish _cétal_ it points to an earlier *_knt-l-_ (syllabic nasals...
... I think it's possible to interpret _onen_ (LR:1036) as < *_a-ân-en_ suggesting that _-e_ was at least at home in the 1sg. Perhaps we even have to posit an...
In Elvish theology, it is well known that the current state of Arda, resulting from its corruption by Melkor is "Arda Marred", _Arda Sahta_ in one source...
Didier has proposed that Valarin _Amanaiâl_ in _Ațâraphelûn Amanaiâl_ 'Arda Unmarred' actually means *'blessed' rather than 'unmarred', and that V....
On Sat, 18 Oct 2003 16:00:16 -0000 "Patrick H. Wynne" <pwynne@...> ... I have noted this resemblance, and several others between Khuzdul and Valarin: ...
A reminder to all members to please post messages to this list in either ISO Latin 1 or UTF-8 encoding. Otherwise, any non-ASCII characters in your messages...
... In XII:357 (n.18) Tolkien gives the meaning in Valarin of _aman, man_ as :"The Valarin element _aman, man_ 'blessed, holy' learned from Oromë". ...
... Tolkien's remark is quite relevant to my scheme. It was written a few years after "Quendi and Eldar", that much is true, but it does not contradict the...
I would like to discuss a phonetic problem raised by the well-known Sindarin word _certh_ "rune". Its presumed etymology is given in XI/396 : "The Sindarin ...
... The question is whether the 1. sg. of S. _agor_ could have been _*agoren_. [I don't think that was the question, really; the question was whether S _ónen_...
... Well, a little misunderstanding then. That was really the question for me. As, apart from the ending _-en_ which isn't clear, S. _ón-_ may just as well be...
[cross-posted to elfling, lambengolmor and tolklang] I would like to inform you that I have revised my analysis of the so-called _Atalante_ fragments. There...
Helge Fauskanger has incorporated rejoinders to various posts I have made on this list (and others) into revisions to his article, "Reconstructing the Sindarin...
I'm coming back to a question already discussed earlier. ... I cannot find this attested, as the entry in The Etymologies [V:360] sub 3AR- simply translates...
In #3 of Hiswelóke (http://move.to/hisweloke) Didier Willis published an analysis of a Noldorin sentence found on an early sketch of Thror's Map. The phrase...
513
Andreas Johansson
andjo@...
Oct 30, 2003 2:53 pm
In regard to the "'controversy'" whether Sindarin verbs with no person marker present should better be called "3rd.sg." forms or "personless" forms, I'd like ...
Hello, ... [...] So would I. This is indeed a question of terminology. Personally, I'd vote for 'unmarked' or '{un|under}specified'. It would mean that an ...
... I think it is very relevant as we are dealing with two different entities. Clearly, they coincide in form (seemingly, I'll write more on that later) but...
517
Andreas Johansson
andjo@...
Nov 4, 2003 12:09 pm
... Indeed it does. (Standard disclaimer; in at least one moment in time, Tolkien appears to have envisioned Sindarin not to work like I assumed!) But as "Im...
Yesterday night I was thinking of the Noldorin word _nad_ 'thing' (Etym. s.v. NÂ2-) and it came to me that it could be a gerund form of a verb *_na-_ 'to be':...
Andreas Johansson wrote: "This would seem to suggest that it is better thought of as a cliticized pronoun than a person agreement marker." Yes I quite agree....
520
Andreas Johansson
andjo@...
Nov 5, 2003 12:42 pm
Question: are there any known primary world languages that, in a construction like "I, Narvi, made ...", would use a 3rd sg verb, because the appositional noun...
