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Another landscape type, as proposed by Norberg-Schulz is the Classical Landscape. If the romantic landscape may be characterized by an indefinite multitude of different places and the cosmic one by not containing individual places, the classical landscape is characterized by a meaningful order of distinct individual places.
Further details about the differences with the other two types previously reviewed here, are apparent from the following quote from Norberg-Schulz' Genius Loci (pp. 45):
"The classical landscape is neither characterized by monotony nor multifariousness . Rather we find an intelligible composition of distinct elements: clearly defined hills and mountains which are rarely covered by the shaggy woods of the North, clearly delimited, imageable natural spaces such as valleys and basins, which appear as individual "worlds"; a strong and evenly distributed light and a transparent air which give the forms a maximum of sculptural presence. The ground is simultaneously continuous and varied, and the sky is high and embracing without however possessing the absolute quality encountered in the desert."
There is a certain correspondence between the classical landscape type and what is otherwise categorized as Mediterranean landscape. Although for Norberg-Schulz archetypical examples are to be found usually as "the Greek landscape", I'd rather choose (for reasons to be given later) those of slightly northern regions of Europe in Italy, France and Spain. Within European painting these are the ones that captured the attention of the likes of Pissarro, Cezanne, Sisley. As an example of classical landscape, consider the following image:
( If you cannot see the image click HERE )
I did present earlier, when discussing "Seeing in Detail" another of Pissarro's oils which is an even better illustration of the classical landscape :
More on The Classical Landscape in following Posts....
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