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#B Crown Factum for Terry Parker's Seized Pot Claim
2. JUSTICE CLEMENTS WAS CORRECT IN FINDING THAT HE WAS BOUND BY THE DECISION OF JUSTICE FELDMAN OF THE ONTARIO COURT OF APPEAL THAT THE ORDER OF JUSTICE PITT HAD BEEN PROPERLY SET ASIDE.
JCT: And that's not what Justice Feldman was ruling on. It's what the whole panel with Justices Doherty, Goudge, and Simmons agreed. Justice Feldman was dealing with an application for relief pending appeal. Clements knew he was bound by the Ontario Court of Appeal decision, not the Feldman decision.
34. The Appellant has submitted that "The Pitt decision extending the criminal jurisdiction exemption granted by the Ontario Court of Appeal cannot be set aside pursuant to the Rules of Civil Procedure as a default judgment nor for improper service when, pursuant to the "General Powers of the Court" under Section 3.02(1) of the Criminal Proceedings Rules, a court may extend or abridge any prescribed time."
JCT: The Pitt issue is the big one. A Superior Court Justice granted Terry Parker an extension of his protection from the "criminal prohibition," and the Criminal Rules of Practice say he can only be overturned by way of appeal to three Appellant judges. So Parker should have been protected the whole time the battle to challenge Justice Pitt's decision to extend protection was going on. But they needed to have Pitt's statement "until the government has complied with the Parker Court's ruling" out of the way without having a fight over it so the Crown applied under the Civil Rules to one equal Superior Court judge to set the Pitt decision aside as an unconsidered, unadjudicated "judgment by default." Not only had Justice Pitt granted Terry the extended protection but granted the request to abridge the time for the application, (which any Superior Court Judge can do) and granted the protection "ex parte," without the Crown showing up. Those three issues took a lot of thinking and for the Crown tell Justice Chapnik she was setting aside a "default judgment" just because the Crown failed to show up, is a travesty.
35. The argument presented by the Appellant appears to be based on a misunderstanding of the legal proceedings subsequent to the decision of Pitt J. On April 19 2002 Chapnik J. set aside the order of Pitt J.
JCT: Remember, Civil Court set aside the order of Criminal Court Order.
Justice Clements correctly noted that the Appellant had exercised his right of appeal of the decision of Justice Chapnik. The Court of Appeal ruled that Chapnik J. had made no error when she set aside the Order of Justice Pitt.
JCT: The fact Justices Doherty, Goudge and Simmons of the highest court in Ontario agreed that Civil Superior Court made no error when she set aside the Criminal Superior Court Order makes it all that much funnier.
As such, the Appellant's position on this issue amounts to a collateral attack on the decision of the Ontario Court of Appeal.
JCT: An attack to the Supreme Court of Canada on a silly decision that I never bothered following up the last time but which I now have to use since they started the fight by seizing Terry's medicine and it's one of our best cards. I always told Terry not to worry about prohibition while he had the Pitt decision in his pocket until 3 higher judges take the remedy away, not 3 higher judges agreeing that one of his equal judges could take his remedy away.
(C) JUSTICE CLEMENTS MADE NO ERROR IN FINDING THAT THE POSSESSION PROHIBITION WHICH WAS DECLARED INVALID IN PARKER WAS VALID FOLLOWING THE ONTARIO COURT OF APPEAL IN HITZIG?
JCT: Ah, now we get into the important stuff for everyone else. POLCOA,
36. The Appellant submitted that "S.4 possession prohibition remains repealed pursuant to the S.2.2 of the Interpretation Act once declared invalid by the Parker Court of Appeal in 2001 despite section 4 being resurrected by the Hitzig Court of Appeal for only being absent, not repealed, once invalidated by the Court."
37. Section 2(2) of the Interpretation Act. 2(2) For the purposes of this Act, an enactment that has been replaced is repealed and an enactment that has expired, lapsed or otherwise ceased to have effect is deemed to have been repealed."
JCT: That's what Justices Phillips, Rogin and Chen said.
38. Thus it appears that the Appellant is presenting the argument that once the Hitzig decision determined that the MMAR were flawed, then the Interpretation Act deemed the prohibition on the possession of marijuana in section 4 of the CDSA to have been repealed and thus incapable of "resurrection."
39. Again, the Appellant's argument appears to be based on a misunderstanding of the order and reasons for decision of the Court of Appeal in Hitzig. The reasons for decision of the Court of Appeal clearly indicate that section 4 of the CDSA was not repealed: [166] The declarations of invalidity we propose remove the single constitutional barrier to eligibility and sufficient barriers to supply that ATP holders will be reasonably able to meet their medical needs from licit sources.
JCT: On Oct 7 2003, two years too late after the law became of no force and effect on Terry Parker Day Aug. 1 2001.
As a result, the MMAR as modified become a constitutionally sound medical exemption to the marihuana prohibition in s.4 of the CDSA.
JCT: Two years after deadline.
[170]...
JCT: They dropped the start of the paragraph: "First, if we do not suspend our order, there will immediately be a constitutionally valid exemption in effect and the marihuana prohibition in s. 4 of the CDSA will immediately be constitutionally valid and of full force and effect."
In R. v. Parker, supra, this court declared the prohibition invalid as of July 31, 2001 if by that date the Government had not enacted a constitutionally sound medical exemption. Our decision in this case confirms that it did not do so. Hence the marihuana prohibition in s. 4 has been of no force or effect since July 31, 2001.
JCT: The Parker Court of Appeal said it was invalid. Here, they Hitzig Court say it was of no force and effect after July 31, 2001. They admit it was "of no force and effect."
Since the July 8, 2003 regulation did not address the eligibility deficiency, that alone could not have cured the problem. However, our order has the result of constitutionalizing the medical exemption created by the Government. As a result, the marihuana prohibition in s. 4 is no longer inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution. Although Parliament may subsequently choose to change it, that prohibition is now no longer invalid, but is of full force and effect.
JCT: And with those words, the Court say they brought back to life a law which had been repealed according to S.2.2 of the Interpretation Act.
Those who establish medical need are simply exempted from it.
JCT: We had a big argument over this. I said that "Those who establish medical need are simply exempted from it" and Justice Clements presumed that to mean that "Those who establish a medical need enough to get an exemption are simply exempted. Kind of repetitive, isn't it. Of course, if they have an exemption, they're exempted. But simply exempted means simply, without Health Canada exemption, just sick.
This consequence removes the cloud of uncertainty from the marihuana prohibition in s. 4 of the CDSA - a cloud which we were told in argument has created very considerable confusion for courts and law enforcement agencies alike.
JCT: They also dropped the ending:
"A suspension of our remedy would simply have continued that undesirable uncertainty for a further period of time."
JCT: The Court calls the period where the law was invalid, repealed, of no force and effect, a period of "undesirable uncertainty." The Parker Court declared the prohibition to "undesirably uncertain." Har har har har.
[171] Second, in argument, counsel for the Government strongly urged that if we found the MMAR to be constitutionally flawed, we should be as precise as possible in specifying the corrective measures to be taken. Our remedy quite precisely determines the barriers in the MMAR which, if removed, would render it a constitutionally sound medical exemption to s. 4 of the CDSA. Our order represents a minimal intrusion on the Government's scheme of medical exemption. It leaves untouched the licensed possession aspect of the scheme and modifies the licensed production aspect of it only enough to make it constitutionally acceptable.
JCT: Two years too late.
40. These passages from the decision in Hitzig clearly reveal that the Court did not determine section 4 of the CDSA to be an enactment that had been repealed.
JCT: Right, they said it wasn't repealed, it was only "undesirably uncertain."
Instead, the Court determined that the marihuana prohibition within section 4 of the CDSA was inoperative from July 31 2001 until October 7 2003
JCT: So the Parker Ruling that "section 4 is declared invalid" really means "Section 4 is "inoperative."
but thereafter the prohibition continued to be operative.
JCT: It continued to be operative after being inoperative. Interesting the way lawyers can bend their brains around the truth. After going from off to on, it continued being on. Lawyers and judges really are brain-damaged, something that will no doubt amuse historians for generations to come.
This point has recently been confirmed by the Court of appeal in response to a similar argument presented by Mr. Turmel in which he challenged the trafficking offence under the CDSA. R v. Turmel [2007]
4. JUSTICE CLEMENTS WAS CORRECT IN FINDING THAT THE CULTIVATION PROHIBITION WHICH WAS DECLARED IN INVALID IN KRIEGER WAS VALID FOLLOWING THE DECISION OF THE ONTARIO COURT OF APPEAL IN HITZIG?
41. The Appellant has submitted that "Section 7 cultivation prohibition and by implication section 4 possession prohibition remain repealed pursuant to the section 2.2 of the Interpretation Act once declared invalid by the Krieger Court of Appeal of Alberta in 2002."
42. In 1999, Grant Krieger was charged with the offences of production of marijuana (contrary to subsection 7(1) of the CDSA) and possession of marijuana for the purposes of trafficking (contrary to subsection 5(2) of the CDSA). He brought a motion seeking a declaration that these provisions of the CDSA violated section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. On December 11 2000, pursuant to subsection 24(1) of the Charter, Acton J. struck down subsection 7(1) of the CDSA, but permitted the charge in respect of subsection 5(2) to proceed to trial. Subsequently, Krieger was acquitted by a jury on the charge of trafficking contrary to subsection 5(2) of the CDSA. On appeal, in a decision announced on December 4 2002, the Alberta Court of Appeal confirmed the ruling which struck down subsection 7(1) of the CDSA but ordered a new trial in respect of Krieger's acquittal of the trafficking charge under subsection 5(2) of the CDSA.
JCT: The trafficking stuff is irrelevant to our issue. And though the Alberta Court of Appeal actually dismissed the appeal against the Acton Order of invalidation, you could say they confirmed the invalidation of the cultivation, and by implication possession, prohibitions.
43. Meanwhile, Mr. Krieger was charged with counts of trafficking marijuana on December 3 2003 and January 8 2004 contrary to subsection 5(1) of the CDSA.
JCT: Another not relevant issue.
In that case, Mr. Krieger argued that the MMAR failed to comply with section 7 of the charter.
JCT: The same as when he won the first time.
However, on September 25 2006, the Alberta Provincial Court ruled that the MMAR were constitutional, and Mr. Krieger was found guilty on both charges.
JCT: And of course, Krieger didn't argue that the law was still dead since the had killed it the first time. No, Krieger helped his lawyer plant the idea that the Court didn't strike down the prohibitions for everyone but only for Krieger. So how come he didn't use his past win? Too long a story though you can find my posts on it at medpot.
44. Justice Clements correctly noted that the initial decision of Justice Acton J. in the original trial of Krieger concerned events that pre-dated the introduction of the MMAR.
JCT: It doesn't matter since the Hitzig decision ruled that the MMAR hadn't worked. So what effect and the MMAR that did not work could not have had much effect on the Krieger invalidation of the cultivation and possession prohibitions. It didn't work. How can it be relevant?
That decision was issued prior to the Ontario Court of Appeal's decision in Hitzig.
JCT: Just like the Parker invalidation was issued prior to the Hitzig decision. So what? Fixing the exemption system brought the possession prohibition back to life and the cultivation back to life too?
For these reasons, the decision of Acton J. has been effectively superceded by the MMAR and the subsequent decision of the Ontario Court of Appeal.
JCT: Sounds great that 3 of Ontario highest judges superceded one little Alberta Superior Court judge but the Crown is really saying that the Ontario judges are also superceding the three Alberta Highest judges and the three Supreme Court of Canada judges who threw out the Crown's appeal. But it's easier to say the Krieger decision was just one lowly judge and ignore it's three equals to Ontario and three Supremes. Besides, the Hitzig Court did not rule they were resurrecting the cultivation prohibition, only the possession prohibition. No one even knew that the cultivation prohibition had been declared invalid until the Crown's application for leave to appeal was thrown out by the Supreme Court of Canada two months after the Hitzig decision.
45. Subsequent decision of other courts across Canada demonstrate the limited value of the Alberta Court of Appeal decision in Krieger.
JCT: Sure, all the judges forgot their Interpretation Act and obeyed the new judge-created prohibition to start oppressing innocent victims again, so what? They all use the Nazi alibi, they must follow higher orders, right or wrong.
Following the Ontario Court of Appeal's ruling in Hitzig and the subsequent government response (amendments to the MMAR and the entrenchment of the Supply Policy), a number of cases considered the validity of the scheme developed by the government and found it comply with the Charter.
JCT: We're not arguing it isn't working now. We're arguing it didn't on time then. Of course, legally-trained minds seem able to keep some truths out of their thought processes.
46. In Kubby, the B.C. Court of Appeal held that s.4(1) of the CDSA and the MMAR constitute valid legislation.
JCT: What would we expect from camp followers of Marc The Narc Emery? Just like the Young-Emery Hitzig crew's case is a boon to the prohibitionists, now the Young-Emery crew's Kubby case is a boon to the prohibitionists. They can lose all they want and the Crown can refer to their Hitzig, Wakeford, J.P, Kubby losses all they want. Am I to be impressed by losses by the Young-Emery team of Judas Goats?
Ms. Kubby had brought a petition in B.C. Supreme Court seeking a declaration that the MMAR were invalid as being contrary to section 7 of the Charter.
JCT: Pulling an other Hitzig again. Not challenging the prohibition system but the failed exemption system.
Rice J. dismissed her petition, and ruled that the MMAR were valid and that the application had not been supported by sufficient evidence to succeed.
JCT: When the narc moles are trying to lose, you don't expect them to be using good cards like Parker and Krieger.
47. The Court of Appeal dismissed Ms. Kubby's appeal. In doing so, it commented on the constitutional validity of the MMAR as follows:
JCT: Keep in mind, we're not arguing about the MMAR not being constitutionally valid, we're arguing that it wasn't constitutionally valid by Terry Parker Day. And once it had failed and Parker Order repealing the prohibition took effect, only Parliament could resurrect it. Not the Hitzig judges. So all this is completely not relevant to the issue at bar.
"Contrary to the appellant's submissions, the MMA Regs must be taken to have effectively addressed the constitutional deficiencies in the relation to section 4(1) of the CDS Act
JCT: Yes, but not on two years after repeal, way too late.
with respect to the blanket prohibition against the possession of marijuana. At this point, the MMA Regs and s.4(1) of the CDS Act constitute valid legislation.
JCT: I can agree that the MMAR may constitute valid legislation but I can't agree that the court-created prohibition on possession in s.4(1) became valid after repeal.
48. Finally, in R. v. Wood, the New Brunswick Court of Appeal considered a constitutional challenge to s.5(2) of the CDSA and the MMAR and concluded that the scheme that was put into effect following the Court of Appeal's decision in Hitzig "easily passes constitutional muster."
JCT: I don't care how many judges accept judge-created law. So they don't know or forgot their Interpretation Act? Cite as many incompetent judges who accept court-created penal sanctions all you want, it doesn't change the fact that Justices Phillips, Rogin and Chen are right and all the rest are wrong.
5. JUSTICE CLEMENTS PROPERLY REJECTED THE APPELLANT'S ARGUMENT THAT THE MMAR WERE INEFFECTIVE DUE TO THE LACK OF PHYSICIAN PARTICIPATION.
49. The Appellant has submitted that "By the MMAR failing to mandate that Parker's doctor participate in the government's exemption program, S.7 cultivation and S.4 possession prohibitions cannot apply to Parker because he grandfathered exemption for the sick."
50. It appears that the Appellant is presenting the argument that he has a right to possess marijuana that trumps the regulatory regime established by the MMAR.
51. The Respondent submits, however, that the MMAR is a valid regulatory regime which must be complied with by the Appellant. In Hitzig, the Ontario Court of Appeal ruled that is is appropriate for the MMAR to require doctors and specialists to act as the gatekeepers of the issuance of ATPs: [138] The second attack on the eligibility barriers created by the MMAR focuses on the use of physicians as gatekeepers in the sense that every application must be supported by a doctor and it is that doctor who must declare that marihuana is recommended to mitigate the symptom involved. It is argued that this places unwarranted power to determine whether an individual receives a medical exemption in the hands of physicians rather than letting the individual decide for him or herself or having the Minister of Health do so. It is further argued that the serious concerns of several central medical groups about the gatekeeper role for physicians means that doctors will not assist individuals to obtain medical exemptions. [139] Again, we do not agree. Whether marihuana will mitigate the particular symptom of an individual with a particular serious medical condition is fundamentally a medical question. Just as physicians are relied on to determine the need for prescription drugs, it is reasonable for the state to require the medical opinion of physicians here, particularly given that this drug is untested.[11] The second argument is answered by Lederman J.'s finding that despite the concerns of central medical bodies, a sufficient number of individual physicians were authorizing the therapeutic use of marihuana that the medical exemption could not be said to be practically unavailable... [140] The third attack on the eligibility conditions of the MMAR, and the one focused on in the argument before us, rests on the requirement that the physician support for a medical exemption for individuals in category 2 and category 3 must come from specialists...
JCT: For some reason, the Crown leaves out paragraph 141:
[141] First, they say that because marihuana is an untested medication there is no justification for requiring medical support beyond the individual's own general practitioner since the specialist has no knowledge advantage. They say that when this is combined with the practical difficulties that exist in accessing specialists, particularly in rural areas, the specialist requirements for categories 2 and 3 constitute an unreasonable barrier which significantly interferes with those in medical need from accessing the medication they require.
JCT: No wonder, it's a pretty good reason for why it was hard to quality.
[142] In our view, this argument too does not succeed... The requirement for a declaration in this form....
JCT: Whoa. The ... is whatever the requirement is. So what was the part they cut out: "In order to qualify for a medical exemption, both individuals in category 2 and those in category 3 must have a declaration from a specialist practicing in an area of medicine relevant to the treatment of the individual's medical condition causing the symptom to be mitigated. The declaration must say that all conventional treatments for the symptom have been tried or considered and why each is medically inappropriate."
The requirement for a declaration in this form serves substantial and compelling state interests. First, it serves the state interest in protecting the health and safety of its citizens in relation to an untested drug. Second, it serves the state interest in complying with international conventions aimed at restricting the use of drugs such as marihuana save for legitimate medical and scientific purposes. A specialist in the treatment of the particular medical condition is likely to have more knowledge than a general practitioner of the complete range of possible treatments, including ones that may just be emerging. The specialist requirement thus better assures that marihuana is used only if no other more conventional medication is effective. Given that marihuana is an untested drug, this is a substantial and compelling state interest. So too is compliance with international conventions that are designed to restrict the use of drugs save for legitimate medical and scientific purposes a state interest which the specialist requirement also serves.
[143] Moreover, on this record, the Hitzig applicants simply have not shown that the specialist requirement is a significant impediment to obtaining a medical exemption... Thus, on this record we conclude that the specialist requirement does not constitute an undue constraint on the individual's ability to get a medical exemption and represents a fair balance between the interests of the individual and the state.
52. Recently, the Nova Scotia Supreme Court ruled that a person is not exempted from compliance with the MMAR merely because they have encountered some difficulty in obtaining a prescription from a doctor.
JCT: Enough difficulty makes the MMAR unworkable. How much "some difficulty" is not too much difficulty?
53. The validity of the MMAR post-Hitzig were also considered in the 2006 Alberta Provincial Court decision in R. v. Krieger.
JCT: Another Krieger loss to balance the win he won't use? Besides, we're not challenging the validity of the MMAR post-Hitzig, we're challenging whether it brought the dead prohibition in the CDSA back to life.
The accused was charged with trafficking in marijuana on two occasions.
JCT: And of course, section 5(2) arguments have no bearing on our Section 7 and 4 issues. But if the Crown insists on wasting time on stuff that won't come up...
By an Agreed Statement of Facts he admitted he was sending the marijuana to individuals in Manitoba who were in medical need of marijuana. Mr. Krieger argued that the MMAR did not comply with section 7 of the Charter.
JCT: After winning and not collecting the pot last time, why not do the same all over again now?
The Court dismissed the application concluding that "it is clear that the regulations providing for a medical marijuana exemption are working successfully.
JCT: 1600 exemptees out of the millions who medicate illegally is not "working successfully." Doctors are deterred by making them answer answer to Health Canada's examiners who are pharmacists. Would a professional engineer want to have to explain his requirements to the stockboy? Are doctors deterred by having to explain their prescriptions to Health Canada pharmacists in the same way? Anyway, the issue is raised. Can the chance of finding a compliant doctor being 1/60 be a successful exemption system for the sick and dying. "Gee, he died while on his eighth doctor-shopping interview!"
More persons are authorized to possess and more physicians are participating in the program.
JCT: "More?" Instead of 1 in 65 doctors, it's more, 1 in 60. Instead of 1000 in millions, it's more, 1600 in millions. More is proof it works. To a judge. Har har har.
54. In this case, the evidence reveals that the Appellant has made only a minimal effort to comply with the regime. The Appellant has not been examined by a medical specialist since 1997 and claims that he cannot "trust neurologists when all they're interested in is lobectomy." The Appellant has not approached any medical specialist for assistance since 1997. The appellant admits that he could go see a doctor but that he does not "want to worry about my brains coming out" and objects to having "to go back to criminals [i.e. doctors] to get further assaulted," and objects to the MMAR requirement that he provide medical authorization.
55. The evidence also reveals that the MMAR regime is working well and is effective in providing ill persons with the marihuana that they desire.
JCT: It's 1/60th as effective as it is for any other necessary medication that all doctors would prescribe.
Based on information pertaining to the period July 1st 2005 to November 1st 2006, the Marijuana Medical Access Division received, on average each month, 75 new applications for authorization to possess, as well as 78 renewal applications, for a total of 153 applications received every month. As of Nov 3 2006, 1603 persons in Canada had an ATP under the MMAR. Of these persons, 701 ordinarily reside in Ontario and are supported by 431 practitioners registered and entitled to practice the profession of medicine in Ontario.
56. The fact that 431 medical practitioners had participated in the MMAR as of November 3 2006 is a complete rebuttal of the Appellant's anecdotal evidence concerning the lack of physician participation in the MMAR.
JCT: 431 sounds like so many, to a legally-trained mind. Out of 27,000 in Ontario, not so many.
As such, there is simply no evidence on which to conclude that the MMAR are deficient as a result of a lack of participation of physicians and the decision of Justice Clements on this point should not be disturbed.
JCT: Sure, the evidence has provided a ratio. That the chances of finding one of the 431 doctors from among Ontario's 27,000 doctors who might be amenable to the stress and intimidation Health Canada's pharmacists put them through, much detailed in my first year's battles at http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/MedPot/messages/1
6. THE RECENT DECISION OF THE FEDERAL COURT IN SFETKOPOULOS IS NOT BINDING ON THIS COURT.
JCT: This is the first time I've ever of of Sfetkopoulos!
57. On Jan 10, 2008, approximately one month after Justice Clements released his decision in this matter, Deputy Judge Strayer of the Federal Court released a decision declaring paragraph 41(b1) of the MMAR constitutionally invalid as inconsistent with section 7 of the Charter. Deputy Judge Strayer found that the impugned provisions which limited the size of marijuana production facilities violated section 7 of the Charter.
JCT: Is this a problem in the MMAR the Hitzig Court failed to fix so that their decision didn't resurrect the law?
58. However, the decision of Deputy Judge Strayer did not invalidate the entire MMAR, only s.41(b1). Therefore, the possession prohibition remains valid despite the decision in Sfetkopoulos and the Appellant cannot rely on that decision in support of his argument that he now has a right to possess marijuana.
JCT: We didn't raise it and do not rely on it. We argue they didn't resurrect the law because they don't have the power and this argues says they didn't resurrect the law because they forgot they were missing one incantation for their spell.
59. Furthermore, the issue before Deputy Judge Strayer was whether persons authorized to possess marijuana have reasonable access to a licit supply of marijuana. JCT: And we're not challenging whether exemptees have reasonable access to marijuana, we're challenging whether Parker has reasonable access to an exemption. The provisions of the MMAR which are germane to this appeal, namely those provisions governing how an individual obtains authorization to possess marijuana, were not at issue in Sfetkopoulos. As such, the decision should have no impact on the case at bar.
JCT: Which is why it was raised by the Crown, to have no impact.
60. In any event, the Federal Court of Appeal has stayed the decision of Deputy Judge Strayer pending the resolution of an appeal initiated by the Attorney General of Canada. Therefore, the decision of Deputy Judge Strayer is of no force and effect for the purposes of this proceeding.
PART IV - ORDER REQUESTED
59. The Respondent requests the following relief: (a) An order dismissing the Appeal; (b) An order granting costs to the Respondent, and (c) Such other relief as this Honourable Court determines to be just.
ALL OF WHICH IS RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED Dated at Toronto this 11th day of July 2008. James Gorham Of Counsel for the Respondent, Her Majesty the Queen.
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