i was told in my previous post"use of iptables in the exam" that u are
not allowed to use iptables in the exam.
i faced another confusion with nfs server that is
i configured the nfs server on one computer and try to mount the shared
folder from client i got the responce that no route to host.
when i use iptables to allow the connections the mounting succeed.
another try is that i disable the selinux then also mounting succeed.
but we not allowed to disable the selinux in the exam.
so from the exam perspective if question is asked to configure the nfs
server what should we do.

i configured nfs and dhcp server to install the red hat in another
computer via nfs installation
when i tried to mount the directory from another computer it
says "directory could not be mounted"
one more curious thing is happening is that
after configuring the nfs server on my computer when i restart the
portmap and nfs service on graphical interface it start perfactly
but when i tried to do same thing on virtual console it shows error
"RPC: failed to connect portmap (error -5)".
in my configuration step i did these steps
1- in /etc/exports
/var/ftp/pub       192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync)
after that i start the service
and did this exportfs -av
rpcinfo -p was also showing all ports where the daemons were running
----------------
one more thing is that
when i shut down my pc
it shows the same error
"RPC: failed to connect portmap (error -5)".

-------------
what the problem may be

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, chanakya.tripathi <no_reply@...>
wrote:
>
> Does anyone have slackware 12.1 DVD . I missed the issuse of linux
> for u. ( Now I do not remeber in which issuse it was )
> However, i tried the listed mirror on its home page but that image is
> not upto th mark.
>
>
> Thanks in advance

yes i have 12.1 dvd.

contact me on anujhere@...

The location for the incoming mail or the inbox can be changed. The
file needed for modification is /etc/dovecot.conf..... In this file
check the section Mailbox Location and Namespaces.

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, Prem Chand <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> when we send the mail to any user by sendmail MTA by default it goes to
> /var/spool/mail/
> can we change this path so that mail goes to our desired path
>

Does anyone have slackware 12.1 DVD . I missed the issuse of linux
for u. ( Now I do not remeber in which issuse it was )
However, i tried the listed mirror on its home page but that image is
not upto th mark.


Thanks in advance

what you meant to do by this...... do you understand what this will
do.... i just want to ask this........and i hve told u that u can not
use iptables in exam, is this not the part of iptables.... please read
the replies before posting the questions i have told many times
that "USE OF IPTABLES IS NOT ALLOWED IN THE EXAM" this is also the part
of iptable....


--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, Prem Chand <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> can we use the following step in the RHCE exam when we are
configuring the ftp server
> ************************************
> iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
> iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p udp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
> *******************************************************
>

Please never use iptables in exam....... i hve told this in my previous
replies also.. and iptable is used for securtiy not for opening the
port or defining the port for the service

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, Prem Chand <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> my mean to that can we use the following step in the RHCE exam when
we are configuring the ftp server
> **************
> "iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT"
> "iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p udp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT"
> **************
>

This thing you are using for accepting the tcp and udp connection over
port no 21 from ip pool 192.168.0.0/24 and i already said in my
earlier post that you cannot use iptables in exam....... secondly
iptables is used for accepting dening and droping the packets on a
network or over port from a network or from port...........

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, Prem Chand <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> my mean to that can we use the following step in the RHCE exam when
we are configuring the ftp server
> **************
> "iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT"
> "iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p udp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT"
> **************
>

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, Prem Chand <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> thanks for that apache tips i tried it and working
> ************ ********* ********* ********* ********
> as we know that every services run on a paticular port like
{ftp=21,httpd= 80}
> in the RHCE EXAM can we use IPTABLES to run these services on this
paticular port.
>
1.) Ports you mentioned are default ports means when you run httpd or
vsftpd service they listen on the default ports, altough you can
change these ports in relevant conf file (e.g. for apache installation
using rpm /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf).
2.) Your question is not clear.

Anuj

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, "monsterisback" <vidurmittal@...>
wrote:
>
> From exam point of perspective you should enable SELinux otherwise all
> of our questions will be treated as incorrect. Yes you should apply
> the correct boolean.
> f.e. you enable share a directory using samba then you have to apply
> the correct boolean so that samba can access it. you can copy the
> SELinux permissions from the smb.conf to the directory using the
> following command
> chcon -R --reference=/etc/samba/smb.conf  /path/of/the/share
>
>
>
> --- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, Prem Chand <pcy1988@> wrote:
> >
> > plz suggest me some tips about RHCE exam. what we should keep
remember.
> > ************************************************************
> > in perspective of RHCE exam.
> > suppose we have enabled the SELinux and we solve a question. but the
> question�require to apply the correct boolean for proper working
> > but it is not mentioned in the ques. to apply the the boolean. then
> what should we do ? should we apply the boolean or not.���
��� ��� ���
> ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���
��� ��� ���
> >
>
Yes Vidur has given a correct hint, suppose you have configured your
apache in a way that a user of your server can share his web pages in
~user/public_html directory then without setting correct boolean of
~user/public_html directory a client will see a forbidden message.
So we have to set the correct boolean value same as of our default
apache DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
this can be achieved with the command
'chcon -R -v --reference=relevant_file /path/to/our/file-dir'

chcon -R -v --reference=/var/www/html/index.html ~anuj/public_html/
context of /home/anuj/public_html/ retained as
system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t
context of /home/anuj/public_html//index.html retained as
system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t




Different types of boolean values:

[root@anuj ~]# ls -lZ /etc/samba/smb.conf
-rw-r--r--  root root system_u:object_r:samba_etc_t    /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@anuj ~]# ls -lZ  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
-rw-r--r--  root root system_u:object_r:httpd_config_t
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@anuj ~]# ls -lZ  /var/ftp/
drwxr-xr-x  root root system_u:object_r:public_content_t pub



Example configuration of apache on RHEL5 to enable user webpages
(/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf)
Find the following lines:
----------------------------------------
<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
     #
     # UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence
     # of a username on the system (depending on home directory
     # permissions).
     #
     #UserDir disable

     #
     # To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html
     # directory, remove the "UserDir disable" line above, and uncomment
     # the following line instead:
     #
     UserDir public_html

</IfModule>
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Also do a chmod 755 ~user

I hope this can provide you some basic of SELinux handling.
In case of some doubt with above example you can ask again. Try and
tell us if you face any problem.

Anuj Singh

From exam point of perspective you should enable SELinux otherwise all
of our questions will be treated as incorrect. Yes you should apply
the correct boolean.
f.e. you enable share a directory using samba then you have to apply
the correct boolean so that samba can access it. you can copy the
SELinux permissions from the smb.conf to the directory using the
following command
chcon -R --reference=/etc/samba/smb.conf  /path/of/the/share



--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, Prem Chand <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> plz suggest me some tips about RHCE exam. what we should keep remember.
> ************************************************************
> in perspective of RHCE exam.
> suppose we have enabled the SELinux and we solve a question. but the
question�require to apply the correct boolean for proper working
> but it is not mentioned in the ques. to apply the the boolean. then
what should we do ? should we apply the boolean or not.��� ���
��� ���
��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���
���
>

Anuj one of the few person whom i pay respect in the field of linux. I
have never seens a person like anuj he posses good knowledge and
problem soling skills
Regards
Vidur


--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, K V Biju <kvbiju22@...> wrote:
>
>
>
> Hi Our group has become active it seems..
> Anuj has given a very good view on configuring the services.
> Keep going.
> Thanks
>

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, "kvbiju22" <kvbiju22@...> wrote:
>
> --- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, "pcy1988" <pcy1988@> wrote:
> >
> > in RHCE examination if a question is asked that "configure a ftp
server
> > for your local system and rest of the network should not be able
to
> > access your ftp repository".
> > let assume that i configured the server correctly, but problem is
> > related with denying access.
> > should we simply use the file "/etc/hosts.deny" or IPTABLES.
> > which one will be better.
> > is it necessary to apply netfilter rule to all server related
question.
> >
>
> I think the case is similar when we configure telnet, where we can
> deny the access by editing the file /etc/xinetd.d/telnet. Open the
> file in any editor and add a line
> only_from = 172.25.0.0 where 172.25.0.0 is your local network.
> Restart the servie xinetd . This would solve the problem in
telnet.It
> should work for ftp too, I beleive..
> Hope Anooj will have a better solution
> Try it once
>
The straight forward method is using tcp-wrappers i.e. /etc/hots.deny
files, as devilisback said.
we can also configure the same using xinetd a more comprehensive
approach.

f.e. to integrate vsftpd with xinetd we need to take following steps.

1). Create a file /etc/xinetd.d/vsfpt with the following entries
# default: off
# description: The vsftpd FTP server serves FTP connections. It uses \
# normal, unencrypted usernames and passwords for authentication.
service ftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/vsftpd
nice = 10
#for your particular requirement to disallow all in the network
only_from = 127.0.0.1
}

2). Edit your /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file and comment out line
with "listen=YES"

3). Restart or reload the xinetd service.
/sbin/service xinetd reload


Now test your configuration with
netstat -a |grep ftp

also
To avoid port conflict at boot time turn off the vsftpd service
chkconfig vsftpd off
As of now our vsftpd is integrated with xinetd make sure that xinetd
starts automatically.
chkconfig xinetd on



Anuj Singh

--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, "pcy1988" <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> in RHCE examination if a question is asked that "configure a ftp server
> for your local system and rest of the network should not be able to
> access your ftp repository".
> let assume that i configured the server correctly, but problem is
> related with denying access.
> should we simply use the file "/etc/hosts.deny" or IPTABLES.
> which one will be better.
> is it necessary to apply netfilter rule to all server related question.
>

I think the case is similar when we configure telnet, where we can
deny the access by editing the file /etc/xinetd.d/telnet. Open the
file in any editor and add a line
only_from = 172.25.0.0 where 172.25.0.0 is your local network.
Restart the servie xinetd . This would solve the problem in telnet.It
should work for ftp too, I beleive..
Hope Anooj will have a better solution
Try it once

In any of the questions which is regarding the deinal of service ou
should use /etc/hosts.deny. Use of IPTABLES in exam is not
permissible if you use iptables your solution will be treated as wrong


Thanks

Vidur
--- In lucknow-lug@yahoogroups.com, "pcy1988" <pcy1988@...> wrote:
>
> in RHCE examination if a question is asked that "configure a ftp
server
> for your local system and rest of the network should not be able to
> access your ftp repository".
> let assume that i configured the server correctly, but problem is
> related with denying access.
> should we simply use the file "/etc/hosts.deny" or IPTABLES.
> which one will be better.
> is it necessary to apply netfilter rule to all server related
question.
>

in RHCE examination if a question is asked that "configure a ftp server
for your local system and rest of the network should not be able to
access your ftp repository".
let assume that i configured the server correctly, but problem is
related with denying access.
should we simply use the file "/etc/hosts.deny" or IPTABLES.
which one will be better.
is it necessary to apply netfilter rule to all server related question.

Installation of java and Apache-tomcat on Linux


1.Introduction
2.Installation of java
3.Installation of apache tomcat
4.References


1.Introduction:
This document is meant for the installation of java and apache-tomcat
over a linux machine.

2.Installation of java
Download the JDK from Sun, to start go here:
http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp
Click on the "Download" link in the JDK  section.
Accept the license and continue.

Under the "Linux Platform", select "rpm self-extracting file".
Download this .bin file and save it to your Linux machine.

become root, and give command chmod 755 downloaded_bin_file for
instance "chmod 755 jdk-6u2-linux-i586.bin"

now execute file with command ./downloaded_bin_file

Accept the license after scrolling down on the terminal. This will
give a .rpm file in the same directory.

install the extracted .rpm file with rpm -ivh extracted_file.rpm

Set the path of java
To set the path of java edit /etc/profile file and add the following lines
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_09
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC JAVA_HOME
Note: Here rpm file installed java in /usr/java/jdk1.5.0_09 choose the
path name as per your installation version.

Now give command "source /etc/profile"
check the path by giving command

[root@anuj2 ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_09



3.Installation of apache-tomcat
Download apache-tomcat from
http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-5/v5.5.25/bin/
  tar zxvf apache-tomcat-5.5.25.tar.gz
  cd apache-tomcat-5.5.25/bin
[root@anuj2 bin]# sh startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-5.5.25
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-5.5.25
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-5.5.25/temp
Using JRE_HOME:       /usr/java/jdk1.5.0_09

Automatic startup of apache-tomcat at boot time(Redhat Linux):
Save following script in /etc/init.d/ directory with tomcat name
Note: Use correct path of catalina.sh in PROGRAM

#!/bin/sh
  # chkconfig: - 85 15
  # description: Tomcat is a servlet container
  #PROGRAM=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh
  PROGRAM=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-5.5.25/bin/catalina.sh
  if [ -f $PROGRAM ]; then
         echo "$1ing" `basename $0`
         su - root -c "$PROGRAM $1"
  fi

Now use following commands
"chmod 755 /etc/init.d/tomcat"
"chkconfig --add tomcat "
"chkconfig --level 345 tomcat on"
"service tomcat start"

4.References:
http://apache.org/
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lucknow-lug/

Anuj Singh

The ARCHIVE storage engine is used for storing large amounts of data without indexes in a very small footprint.

ARCHIVE storage engine is included in MySQL binary distributions, but not with RHEL5/Fedora binary rpm's.To enable this storage engine if you build MySQL from source, invoke configure with the --with-archive-storage-engine option.

• Download mysql
• Uncompress source
  tar zxvf mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
  cd mysql-5.0.51b
  useradd mysql -b /var/lib/mysql
  ./configure –with-mysqld-user=mysql –with-archive-storage-engine –datadir=/var/lib/mysql/
  make && make install
• Now install initial database with command:
  /usr/local/bin/mysql_install_db

[root@anuj mysql-5.0.51b]# /usr/local/bin/mysql_install_db
Installing MySQL system tables…
OK
Filling help tables…
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root password `new-password'
/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h anuj.sytes.net password `new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local ; /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/bin/mysqlbug script!

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com



• Copy startup script
  cp /usr/local/mysql-5.0.51b/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
• Do a chmod to the copied startup shell script
  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
• Add to chkconfig
  chkconfig –add mysqld
• Set the runlevels for mysql service
  chkconfig –level 345 mysqld on
• Check Engines
  mysql -h localhost -u root -p

  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 1
  Server version: 5.0.51b Source distribution

  Type `help;' or `\h' for help. Type `\c' to clear the buffer.

  mysql> show engines;
  +————+———+—————————————————————-+
  | Engine     | Support | Comment                                                        |
  +————+———+—————————————————————-+
  | MyISAM     | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance         |
  | MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      |
  | InnoDB     | YES     | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     |
  | BerkeleyDB | NO      | Supports transactions and page-level locking                   |
  | BLACKHOLE  | NO      | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) |
  | EXAMPLE    | NO      | Example storage engine                                         |
  | ARCHIVE    | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         |
  | CSV        | NO      | CSV storage engine                                             |
  | ndbcluster | NO      | Clustered, fault-tolerant, memory-based tables                 |
  | FEDERATED  | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 |
  | MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          |
  | ISAM       | NO      | Obsolete storage engine                                        |
  +————+———+—————————————————————-+
  12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

  mysql>
  

  
  That's it!!!

Have a look, makes your work faster.
Taken from:
http://linux.about.com/od/linux101/l/blnewbie5_1.htm




<Ctrl><Alt><F1>
Switch to the first text terminals. Under Linux you can have several
(6 in standard setup) terminals opened at the same time. This is a
keyboard shortcut, which means: "press the control key and the alt
key, hold them. Now press <F1>. Release all keys."

<Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=1..6)
Switch to the nth text terminal. (The same could be accomplished with
the rarely used command chvt n. "chvt" stands for "change virtual
terminal"). In text terminal (outside X), you can also use <Alt><Fn>
(the key <Ctrl> is not needed).

tty
Print the name of the terminal in which you are typing this command.
If you prefer the number of the active terminal (instead of its name),
it can be printed using the command fgconsole (="foreground console").

<Ctrl><Alt><F7>
Switch to the first GUI terminal (if X-windows is running on the 7th
terminal, where it typcially is).

<Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=7..12)
Switch to the nth GUI terminal (if a GUI terminal is running on screen
n-1). On default, the first X server is running on terminal 7. On
default, nothing is running on terminals 8 to 12--you can start
subsequent X server there.

<Tab>
(In a text or X terminal) Autocomplete the command if there is only
one option, or else show all the available options. On newer systems
you may need to press <Tab><Tab>. THIS SHORTCUT IS GREAT, it can
truely save you lots of time.

<ArrowUp>
(In a text or X terminal) Scroll and edit the command history. Press
<Enter> to execute a historical command (to save on typing).
<ArrowDown> scrolls back.

<Shift><PgUp>
Scroll terminal output up. This works also at the login prompt, so you
can scroll through your bootup messages. The amount/usage of your
video memory determines how far back you can scroll the display.
<Shift><PgDown> scrolls the terminal output down.

<Ctrl><Alt><+>
(in X-windows) Change to the next X-server resolution (if you set up
the X-server to more than one resolution). For multiple resolutions on
my standard SVGA card/monitor, I have the following line in the file
/etc/X11/XF86Config (the first resolution starts on default, the
largest resolution determines the size of the "virtual screen"):
Modes "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" "512x384" "480x300" "400x300"
"1152x864"Z
Of course, first I had to configure the X server, either by using
Xconfigurator, xf86config, or manually by edition the file
/etc/X11/XF86Config, so that it supports the above resolutions (mostly
the matter of uncommenting the line that defines my video chipset, and
specifying the synchronization frequencies my monitor supports).
XFdrake (Mandrake configuration utility) can do it from GUI. See also
the commands xvidtune and xvidgen.

<Ctrl><Alt><->
(in X-windows) Change to the previous X-server resolution.

<Ctrl><Alt><Esc>
(in X-windows, KDE) Kill the window I am going to click with my mouse
pointer (the pointer changes to something like a death symbol).
Similar result can be obtained with the command xkill (typed in
X-terminal). Useful when an X-window program does not want to close
(hangs?).

<Ctrl><Alt><BkSpc>
(in X-windows) Kill the current X-windows server. Use if the X-windows
server cannot be exited normally.

<Ctrl><Alt><Del>
(in text terminal) Shut down the system and reboot. This is the normal
shutdown command for a user at the text-mode console. Don't just press
the "reset" button for shutdown!

<Ctrl>c
Kill the current process (works mostly with small text-mode applications).

<Ctrl>d
(pressed at the beginning of an empty line) Log out from the current
terminal. See also the next command.

<Ctrl>d
Send [End-of-File] to the current process. Don't press it twice else
you also log out (see the previous command).

<Ctrl>s
Stop the transfer to the terminal.

<Ctrl>q
Resume the transfer to the terminal. Try if your terminal mysteriously
stops responding. See the previous command.

<Ctrl>z
Send the current process to the background.

exit
Logout. I can also use logout for the same effect. (If you have
started a second shell, e.g., using bash, this command will make you
exit the second shell, and you will be back in the first shell, not
logged out. Then use another exit to logout.)

reset
Restore a screwed-up terminal (a terminal showing funny characters) to
default setting. Use if you tried to "cat" a binary file. You may not
be able to see the command as you type it, but it still will work.

<MiddleMouseButton>
Paste the text which is currently highlighted somewhere else. This is
the normal "copy-paste" operation in Linux. It a fast and powerful
supplement to the widely-known GUI "copy-paste" menu-based operation.
(It doesn't work inside older versions of Netscape which use the
Mac/MS Windows-style "copy-paste" exclusively. It does work in the
text terminal if you enabled "gpm" service using "setup". It also
works inside any dialog boxes, etc.--really convenient!) It is best
used with a Linux-ready 3-button mouse (Logitech or similar) or else
set "3-mouse button emulation". The <MiddleMouseButton> is normally
emulated on a 2-button mouse by pressing both mouse buttons simultanously.

~
(tilde character) My home directory (normally the directory
/home/my_login_name). For example, the command cd ~/my_dir will change
my working directory to the subdirectory "my_dir" under my home
directory. Typing just "cd" alone is an equivalent of the command "cd
~". I keep all my files in my home directory.

.
(dot) Current directory. For example, ./my_program will attempt to
execute the file "my_program" located in your current working directory.

..
(two dots) Directory parent to the current one. For example, the
command cd .. will change my current working directory one one level up.

Some additional KDE keyboard shortcuts (useful, but non-essential)
<Alt><Tab> Walk through windows. To walk backwards: <Alt><Shift><Tab>
<Ctrl><Tab> Walk through desktops. To walks backwards: <Ctrl><Shift><Tab>
<Ctrl><Esc> Show the table of processes running on my system. Allow me
to kill any of the processes I started (or send other signals to them).
<Alt><F1> Access the K-menu ("Equivalent to MS Windows "Start" menu).
<Alt><F12> Emulate the mouse using the arrow keys on the keyboard.
<Alt><LeftMouseButton> Drag a window to move it. Normally, I move a
window by dragging its top title bar, but occassionally I manage to
get it off the screen. With this shortcut, I can drag by any part of
the window.
<Alt><PrintScreen> Take a snapshot of the current window into the
clipboard.
<Ctrl><Alt><PrintScreen> Take a snapshot of the entire desktop into
the clipboard.
<Ctrl><Alt><l> Lock the desktop.
<Ctrl><Alt><d> Toggle hide/show the desktop (great to hide the
Solitaire game when your boss walks in).

<Alt><SysRq>
(Non-essential.) This is a group of key combinations implemented at
the Linux kernel level (a low level). It means, chances are these key
combinations will work most of the time. The combinations are meant
for debugging purposes and in an emergency (mostly developers); you
should try other, safer solutions first. The key <SysRq> is also knows
on PC as <PrintScreen>. The combinations can be enabled/disabled by
setting the relevant kernel variable to "1" or "0", e.g. : echo "1" >
/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
<Alt><SysRq><k> Kill all processes (including X) which are running on
the currently active virtual console. This key combination is know as
"secure access key" (SAK).
<Alt><SysRq><e> Send the TERM signal to all running processes except
init, asking them to exit.
<Alt><SysRq><i> Send the KILL signal to all running processes except
init. This may be more successful in killing runaway processes than
the previous key combination, but it may cause some of them to exit
abnormally.
<Alt><SysRq><l> Send the KILL signal to all processes, including init.
The system will not be functional.
<Alt><SysRq><s> Run an emergency sync (cache write) on all mounted
filesystems. This can prevent data loss.
<Alt><SysRq><u> Remount all mounted filesystems as read-only. This has
the same effect as the sync combination above, but with one important
benefit: if the operation is successful, fsck won't have to check all
filesystems after a computer hardware reset.
<Alt><SysRq><r> Turn off keyboard raw mode. This can be useful when
your X session hangs. After issueing this command you may be able to
use <Ctrl><Alt><Del>.
<Alt><SysRq><b> Reboot immediately without syncing or unmounting your
disks. Your will likely end up with filesystem errors.
<Alt><SysRq><o> Shut the system off (if configured and supported).
<Alt><SysRq><p> Dump the current registers and flags to your console.
<Alt><SysRq><t> Dump a list of current tasks and their information to
your console.
<Alt><SysRq><m> Dump memory info to your console.
<Alt>SysRq><digit> The digit is '0' to '9'. Set the console log level,
controlling which kernel messages will be printed to your console. For
example, '0' will cause only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes
displayed on your console.
<Alt><SysRq><h> Display help. Also, any other unsupported
<Alt><SysRq><key> combination will display the same help.


More:
http://onlyubuntu.blogspot.com/2007/03/bash-shell-keyboard-shortcuts-for-linux.h\
tml



http://linux.about.com/od/linux101/l/blnewbie5_1.htm

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