Jil,

Can you please add Joe Patt to the MA-EPPC e-mail list.  Joe is the Director of
Science and Stewardship for TNC's Delaware Bayshores project office in New
Jersey.  His e-mail is: jpatt@...

Thanks.

ma-eppc@onelist.com wrote:

> From: JIL_SWEARINGEN@... (JIL SWEARINGEN)
>
>      Hello,
>
>      The 3rd organizational meeting of the fledging Mid-Atlantic EPPC, held
>      August 12, 1999, in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, went extremely well
>      and confirmed that the group is on its way to becoming a leading
>      regional organizational for addressing the invasive plant problem by
>      providing a vehicle for information exchange and assistance with
>      management of harmful invasive plants.
>
>      Significant Accomplishments of the meeting are listed below (details
>      of the meeting will be provided in the upcoming Meeting Minutes, being
>      prepared by Donnelle Keech).
>
>      1) Two Co-Chairs, Faith Campbell and John Beckman, were voted in
>      unanimously by attendees for a 6-month term beginning immediately. In
>      addition to running the meetings and a variety of other related tasks,
>      Faith and John will investigate what is needed to establish the group
>      as a non-profit organization.
>
>      2) A Mission Statement for the group was drafted and will be
>      considered for approval at an upcoming meeting.
>
>      [DRAFT]  "To address the problem of invasive exotic plants and their
>      threat to the mid-Atlantic region's economy, environment, and human
>      health by providing leadership, facilitating information development
>      and exchange, and coordinating regional efforts."
>
>      3) Several high priority projects were identified for the group to
>      focus on and complete over the next several months, and include:
>
>         a) compiling a regional list of invasive plants
>         b) developing/conducting a demonstration project on invasive plant
>            removal
>         c) planning state/regional "show-and-tell" field trips on the
>            invasive plant problem for agency heads, politicians and
>            others.
>
>      *NOTE: Until we're completely fledged, the Mid-Atlantic EPPC has been
>      accepted as an affiliated organization of the Southeast Exotic Pest
>      Plant Council. "Members" of the Mid-A EPPC may want to consider
>      joining the Southeast EPPC in order to be informed of their annual
>      symposium and receive a copy of their newsletter and other
>      informational materials. Individual membership is $20/yr; student is
>      $10/yr. To join Southeast EPPC, go to:
>      http://webriver.com/tn-eppc/join.htm
>
>      I would like to thank EVERYONE who has committed (and continues to
>      commit) their time, energy and enthusiasm to getting this organization
>      off-the-ground and firmly into mid-air within a mere 5 months!
>      Joining forces in the region should greatly facilitate everyone's
>      ability to make a difference in the war against
>
>
>      Jil
>
>
>      Jil Swearingen
>      Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
>      U.S. National Park Service
>      National Capital Region
>      Natural Resource & Science Services
>      4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
>      Washington, D.C. 20007
>
> --------------------------- ONElist Sponsor ----------------------------
>
> Start a new ONElist list & you can WIN great prizes!
> For details on ONElistĘs NEW FRIENDS & FAMILY program, go to
> http://www.onelist.com/info/onereachsplash3.html
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------



--
Mark Zankel
Director of Science and Stewardship
The Nature Conservancy - Delaware Chapter
Delaware Chapter Office: (302) 369-4146
Home Office in Annapolis, MD: (410) 295-6623

To: ma-eppc@onelist.com

FROM: Jessica G. Strother  (703) 324-1770
\\\\\\Urban Forester II, DEM
(A)ddressee (C)onfid (P)ersonal (H)umanResources (U)nclass
Subject: [ma-eppc] further comments on sea (berry) buckthorn
   Thank god, something worked the way it's supposed to......no reference
   to your work, but only thanks!  Jessie

Jessica
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From: JIL_SWEARINGEN@... (JIL SWEARINGEN)
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<kartesz@...>, "Mid-Atlantic EPPC" <ma-eppc@onelist.com>
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Subject: [ma-eppc] further comments on sea (berry) buckthorn

From: JIL_SWEARINGEN@... (JIL SWEARINGEN)


      Hippophae rhamnoides followers:

      I would like to reiterate the intent of my summary message on sea
      (berry) buckthorn to avoid any misunderstanding.  Here is what I said:

         "Because of the apparently great economical potential of this
         species  there may be a lot of pressure to introduce it much more
         widely in Canada and the U.S.  Documentation of the invasiveness of
         sea buckthorn in natural areas in Canada is needed but a well
         coordinated multi-agency, multi-organizational warning should
         certainly be sent out now before too many experimental plantings
         occur in the U.S."

      What I am saying is that a WARNING ABOUT THE POTENTIAL INVASIVENESS of
      this plant should be sent out now so that any state agencies or other
      people considering planting it for commercial, erosion control, or other
      purposes, will be aware of its possible invasiveness before beginning
      large-scale plantings in the U.S.

      AND RESEARCH should be conducted to test the establishment potential,
      vegetative and sexual reproductive capacities, and other qualities of
      sea (berry) buckthorn, under various soil and environmental conditions
      across the U.S.

      Based on the very broad natural distribution of H. rhamnoides in
      Eurasia and the apparent establishment success of the plantings in
      Canada, it seems reasonable to assume that we could expect similar
      response of the plant at least in certain parts of the U.S. (e.g.,
      northern states, sandy soil habitats).

      Isn't this how the prevention process is supposed to work?

      Thank you,

      -Jil

      Jil Swearingen
      Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
      U.S. National Park Service
      National Capital Region
      Natural Resource Science Services
      4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
      Washington, D.C. 20007
      202-342-1443, ex.218

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------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hello,

      The 3rd organizational meeting of the fledging Mid-Atlantic EPPC, held
      August 12, 1999, in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, went extremely well
      and confirmed that the group is on its way to becoming a leading
      regional organizational for addressing the invasive plant problem by
      providing a vehicle for information exchange and assistance with
      management of harmful invasive plants.

      Significant Accomplishments of the meeting are listed below (details
      of the meeting will be provided in the upcoming Meeting Minutes, being
      prepared by Donnelle Keech).

      1) Two Co-Chairs, Faith Campbell and John Beckman, were voted in
      unanimously by attendees for a 6-month term beginning immediately. In
      addition to running the meetings and a variety of other related tasks,
      Faith and John will investigate what is needed to establish the group
      as a non-profit organization.

      2) A Mission Statement for the group was drafted and will be
      considered for approval at an upcoming meeting.

      [DRAFT]  "To address the problem of invasive exotic plants and their
      threat to the mid-Atlantic region's economy, environment, and human
      health by providing leadership, facilitating information development
      and exchange, and coordinating regional efforts."

      3) Several high priority projects were identified for the group to
      focus on and complete over the next several months, and include:

         a) compiling a regional list of invasive plants
         b) developing/conducting a demonstration project on invasive plant
            removal
         c) planning state/regional "show-and-tell" field trips on the
            invasive plant problem for agency heads, politicians and
            others.

      *NOTE: Until we're completely fledged, the Mid-Atlantic EPPC has been
      accepted as an affiliated organization of the Southeast Exotic Pest
      Plant Council. "Members" of the Mid-A EPPC may want to consider
      joining the Southeast EPPC in order to be informed of their annual
      symposium and receive a copy of their newsletter and other
      informational materials. Individual membership is $20/yr; student is
      $10/yr. To join Southeast EPPC, go to:
      http://webriver.com/tn-eppc/join.htm

      I would like to thank EVERYONE who has committed (and continues to
      commit) their time, energy and enthusiasm to getting this organization
      off-the-ground and firmly into mid-air within a mere 5 months!
      Joining forces in the region should greatly facilitate everyone's
      ability to make a difference in the war against


      Jil


      Jil Swearingen
      Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
      U.S. National Park Service
      National Capital Region
      Natural Resource & Science Services
      4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
      Washington, D.C. 20007

Hippophae rhamnoides followers:

      I would like to reiterate the intent of my summary message on sea
      (berry) buckthorn to avoid any misunderstanding.  Here is what I said:

         "Because of the apparently great economical potential of this
         species  there may be a lot of pressure to introduce it much more
         widely in Canada and the U.S.  Documentation of the invasiveness of
         sea buckthorn in natural areas in Canada is needed but a well
         coordinated multi-agency, multi-organizational warning should
         certainly be sent out now before too many experimental plantings
         occur in the U.S."

      What I am saying is that a WARNING ABOUT THE POTENTIAL INVASIVENESS of
      this plant should be sent out now so that any state agencies or other
      people considering planting it for commercial, erosion control, or other
      purposes, will be aware of its possible invasiveness before beginning
      large-scale plantings in the U.S.

      AND RESEARCH should be conducted to test the establishment potential,
      vegetative and sexual reproductive capacities, and other qualities of
      sea (berry) buckthorn, under various soil and environmental conditions
      across the U.S.

      Based on the very broad natural distribution of H. rhamnoides in
      Eurasia and the apparent establishment success of the plantings in
      Canada, it seems reasonable to assume that we could expect similar
      response of the plant at least in certain parts of the U.S. (e.g.,
      northern states, sandy soil habitats).

      Isn't this how the prevention process is supposed to work?

      Thank you,

      -Jil

      Jil Swearingen
      Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
      U.S. National Park Service
      National Capital Region
      Natural Resource Science Services
      4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
      Washington, D.C. 20007
      202-342-1443, ex.218

FORWARDING. -Jil

______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: PCA: Restoration Directory Information Needed
Author:  <Olivia_Kwong@...> at NP--INTERNET
Date:    08/10/1999 1:21 PM




Hi everyone,

The restoration expertise survey format has been finished and is being mailed
out.  If you would like to receive a copy of the survey or know someone who
would like to receive a copy of it, follow the directions below.  Also if your
group has a publication, please consider including this notice so we can get
wide coverage of Restorationists across the U.S.  Pass this announcement along
to anyone interested.  Please let me know if you would like a Word file of the
annoucement or if you have any other questions.

Olivia
SER/PCA
http://www.nps.gov/plants/

--------------------------------------------------------------

RESTORATION DIRECTORY IN THE WORKS

Calling all Ecological Restorationists: Act now and be included in the new
upcoming Ecological Restoration Directory!

The Society for Ecological Restoration is in the process of developing,
compiling and maintaining an integrated and comprehensive database of U.S.
ecological restoration expertise - local, regional, national and international
individuals, companies and agencies. This is what you can look forward to:

- Listings that reference knowledgeable and qualified restoration personnel,
programs and resources
- Readily available access to a directory of professionals with regional,
ecosystem and methodological expertise via a printed directory or Internet
- Ease of use: all information will be cross referenced
- A who's who in the field of ecological restoration
- Visibility for yourself, your company, agency, or organization
- Marketing & promotion -- low cost, far reaching
- Information updated and maintained

The Ecological Restoration Directory is part of a project funded through the
Plant Conservation Alliance (formerly NPCI -the Native Plant Conservation
Initiative). The other part, a directory of native plant material resources, is
being completed by the University of Washington and the Lady Bird Johnson
Wildflower Center. Both directories will be available in print, and more
important, in an efficient & integrated database located on the Plant
Conservation Alliance website.

Directory surveys will be mailed to SER members this summer. Please share this
information with other environmental restorationists and/or send SER the names,
addresses (email) of additional contacts.
For additional information, please contact Jane Cripps at:
jbcripps@... or c/o SER, Restoration Survey, Dept. of EEB,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, 520.626.7201 (voice), 520.621.9190
(fax). Please provide an e-mail address.

Dear fellow weedies,

I concur with John Kartesz that we should not "go overboard" in identifying
possible new invaders.  However, I am more concerned whether this species
will spread from plantings that are established -- no matter how difficult
that may be.  Do birds or other wildlife eat the berries?  There were some
indications that they are "too sour" -- can we find out if European birds
such as starlings eat them?

If birds do eat them, do the seeds sprout after being excreted?

Aren't those the key variables here?

Faith T. Campbell
American Lands Alliance
and co-chair, Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council

Jill, could you please confirm that you received my message about
participation in this Thurs. MA-EPPC meeting?  thanks. Lisa

-----Original Message-----
From: JIL_SWEARINGEN@... [mailto:JIL_SWEARINGEN@...]
Sent: Monday, August 09, 1999 9:44 AM
To: CATO_Resource_Management@...; Bob_Ford@...;
Bryan_Gorsira@...; Bill_Hebb@...; Dianne_Ingram@...;
Tom_Kopczyk@...; Steve_Lorenzetti@...; Diane_Pavek@...;
PRWI_Resource_Management@...; Susan_Rudy@...;
Sue_Salmons@...; Dan_Sealy@...; Jim_Sherald@...;
Stephen_Syphax@...; Pat_Toops@...; Ed_Wenschhof@...;
Stephen_J_Anderson@...; Terry_Cacek@...;
Brad_Cella@...; Steve_Cinnamon@...; Chris_Furqueron@...;
Mike_Gallagher@...; Erv_Gasser@...; Craig_Hauke@...;
Gerald_McCrea@...; Wayne_Millington@...; Sue_Mills@...;
J_Minushkin@...; Pat_Owen@...; WASO_Int._Pest_Mgt.@...;
Mid-Atlantic EPPC; NP/Olivia Kwong; NP/Peggy Olwell; eganpj@...;
A/Phil Pannill
Subject: [ma-eppc] Re: Sea berry buckthorn



Here is an additional response regarding sea (berry) buckthorn, submitted by

John Kartesz.

-Jil

______________________________ Forward Header
__________________________________
Subject: Re: Sea berry buckthorn
Author:  kartesz@... ("Dr.  John T. Kartesz") at NP--INTERNET
Date:    08/06/1999 3:00 PM




Hippophae rhamnoides L. is sold by a number of nurseries in the
Pacific Northwest as well as in a few other areas. Although it is
called Sea-Buckthorn, it has nothing to do with the genus Rhamnus nor
the family Rhamnaceae.  H. rhamnoides happens to be a member of the
Elaeagnaceae, which in itself has a number of problematic invasive
species.  Aside from a few cultivated plantings along coastal areas,
this species has persisted after cultivation, or may have actually
become somewhat established, only very rarely in Wyoming, Alberta, and
Quebec.

To assess its invasiveness, I have attempted to grow this plant myself
several times in the last few years here in the piedmont of North
Carolina, but found it very difficult to establish.  The first time I
planted nearly 10 individuals about 4-5 feet high, with well developed
root systems, all of which succumbed to the dry intense heat here in
this part of North Carolina.  The second attempt was with nearly 20
individuals, about half the size of the first group, all of which died
within a year.  This plant apparently does better along sandy coastal
areas than it does in the interior, and based on my experience it does
not do well at all in rich fertile soil. Therefore, I am surprised to
find that they are planting it in West Virginia.

Based on my own observations (at least at this time!) I don't see that
it is of critical concern regarding its invasiveness in the interior
areas of the United States.  Although I have attempted to check this on
a local basis, more research should be done to determine the
invasiveness of the species more conclusively.  Please keep up the good
work and let us know if you hear of any other potential invasive
species problems in the future.

Sincerely,
John

Dr.  John T. Kartesz, Director
Biota of North America Program
CB #3280 Coker Hall
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280

Phone: (919) 962-0578
Fax: (919) 962-1625
E-mail: kartesz@...

8/10/99

Jil

Your write up of my presentation (Partners in Preservation) at the last Council
meeting (p. 3 of the minutes) reminded me I owe the Council a showing of the 10
minute video that I was unable to show in May.  I have discovered that the
format of the copy of the video I tried to show then was incompatible with most
standard video players.  I will have a compatible copy with me on Thursday
should a showing be desired and arrangeable.

Unfortunately, I cannot attend the entire meeting, but I am able to spend some
time with you in the afternoon.  I propose to arrive between 1:00 and 2:00 pm.

The reading of the minutes also reminded me that I had distributed several
copies of "Partners in Preservation:  Using Volunteers to Control Exotic Plants"
with the notion that Council members would review it and give critical comment. 
I have not heard from anyone.  Maybe they are waiting to discuss it at the
meeting.  Whatever the situation, I will bring a few more copies with me.  I
*DO* want feed back.  If these materials have any use to anyone, I would like to
make them available.

See you on Thursday.

Sarah G. Bishop
President, Partners in Parks
4916 Butterworth Pl., NW
Washington, DC 20016
202-364-7244  fax 7246  partpark@...

Here is an additional response regarding sea (berry) buckthorn, submitted by
John Kartesz.

-Jil

______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: Re: Sea berry buckthorn
Author:  kartesz@... ("Dr.  John T. Kartesz") at NP--INTERNET
Date:    08/06/1999 3:00 PM




Hippophae rhamnoides L. is sold by a number of nurseries in the
Pacific Northwest as well as in a few other areas. Although it is
called Sea-Buckthorn, it has nothing to do with the genus Rhamnus nor
the family Rhamnaceae.  H. rhamnoides happens to be a member of the
Elaeagnaceae, which in itself has a number of problematic invasive
species.  Aside from a few cultivated plantings along coastal areas,
this species has persisted after cultivation, or may have actually
become somewhat established, only very rarely in Wyoming, Alberta, and
Quebec.

To assess its invasiveness, I have attempted to grow this plant myself
several times in the last few years here in the piedmont of North
Carolina, but found it very difficult to establish.  The first time I
planted nearly 10 individuals about 4-5 feet high, with well developed
root systems, all of which succumbed to the dry intense heat here in
this part of North Carolina.  The second attempt was with nearly 20
individuals, about half the size of the first group, all of which died
within a year.  This plant apparently does better along sandy coastal
areas than it does in the interior, and based on my experience it does
not do well at all in rich fertile soil. Therefore, I am surprised to
find that they are planting it in West Virginia.

Based on my own observations (at least at this time!) I don't see that
it is of critical concern regarding its invasiveness in the interior
areas of the United States.  Although I have attempted to check this on
a local basis, more research should be done to determine the
invasiveness of the species more conclusively.  Please keep up the good
work and let us know if you hear of any other potential invasive
species problems in the future.

Sincerely,
John

Dr.  John T. Kartesz, Director
Biota of North America Program
CB #3280 Coker Hall
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280

Phone: (919) 962-0578
Fax: (919) 962-1625
E-mail: kartesz@...

I forgot to include one additional reference for sea buckthorn. It is
      from Charlie Davis, Botanical Consultant, Lutherville, MD

      Clive Stace's New Flora of the British Isles, second edition (1997)
      says of sea buckthorn on p.437, "..widely planted by the sea and along
      roads and often self-sown."

      You might want to contact Pierre Binggeli.  He wrote:

      A taxonomic, biogeographical and ecological overview of invasive woody
      plants. Journal of Vegetation Science 7: 121-124; 1996.

      The address for him is:

      Route du Lac 147, 1787 Motier, Switzerland; and
      School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of College of
      North Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Wales UK
      (no e-mail given, but I bet you could find it easily by asking at the
      university)

      In this article he talks about a relational database that he set up
      that contains 653 species of woody plants and their invasive
      characteristics and features.


      -(Jil)

Thank you to everyone who responded to the urgent request for information on a
potentially serious plant invader, sea buckthorn (Elaeagnaceae: Hippophae
rhamnoides), on behalf of Phil Pannill, who became concerned about the plant
after he learned of its experimental introduction to West Virginia as an
alternative crop for juice production. Response was rapid and extremely helpful
and shows that the weed alert network is definitely working.  Based on this
information, it appears there is plenty of reason to be concerned about this
plant.  If there were a checklist for determining invasiveness potential, sea
buckthorn would have a lot of checks! Below is a summary of selected bits of
information received from various respondants. Please see the attached article
by Schroeder and Yao for more information.


              Sea buckthorn is a very hardy plant, native to Eurasia, and
      closely related to autumn-olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) and Russian-olive
      (Elaeagnus angustifolia), which are well-known serious invaders of
      natural areas.  According to Schroeder and  Yao, sea buckthorn has an
      extremely wide distribution in Eurasia where it occurs in China,
      Mongolia, Russiam, Kazakastan, Turkey, Romania, Switzerland, France,
      Britain, Finland, Norway and Sweden and other countries in between.

              Sea buckthorn is a sun-adapted, nitrogen-fixing, pioneer
      species, tolerant of arid to wet soil conditions, including sea water
      flooding, a soil pH range of 5-9, and cold winters.  Sea buckthorn is
      easy to propagate by seeds or cuttings and has a high propensity to
      sucker.  It is wind pollinated.  Natural habitats include hills,
      hillsides, valleys, river beds, sea coasts, and islands (did I forget
      one?) in the temperate northern hemisphere.

              There is great commercial interest in the plant for a wide
      variety of reasons. It is touted as having many beneficial properties,
      including medicinal (burns, bedsores, stomach and duodenal ulcers,
      tumors, eye diseases, gingivitis, high blood pressure, coronary heart
      disease); cosmetic (anti-aging skin cream, sunscreen); nutritional (high
      vitamin C, carotene, vitamin E, vitamin P, amino acids, etc.);
      ornamental (colorful berries, silvery leaf color); erosion control;
      hedgerows and barriers (due to thorns); wildlife enhancement (mainly
      game birds) and agricultural improvement (farmstead shelterbelts).
      Major sea buckthorn planting projects are already underway in Canada,
      including annual plantings of 1000 km of field shelterbelts in the
      Canadian prairies.

      Because of the apparently great economical potential of this species
      there may be a lot of pressure to introduce it much more widely in
      Canada and the U.S.  Documentation of the invasiveness of sea
      buckthorn in natural areas in Canada is needed but a well coordinated
      multi-agency, multi-organizational warning should certainly be sent
      out now before too many experimental plantings occur in the U.S.

      -Jil

Jil Swearingen
Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
U.S. National Park Service
National Capital Region
Natural Resource Science Services
4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20007
202-342-1443, ex.218


  1. Diane Pavek, Botanist, National Park Service, National Capital Region
  located a very helpful article on sea buckthorn, which is attached or can be
  viewed straight from the following internet site:
  http://www.agr.ca/pfra/shbpub/shbpub62.htm

  2. Polly Lehtonen, U.S. Department of Agriculture

  The following is from the GRIN database (see citation information at the
bottom).  According to the Biota of N. America database on the web, it's
reported only in Wyoming.

Taxon: Hippophae rhamnoides L.
Genus: Hippophae
Family: Elaeagnaceae.
Nomen number: 19177.
Name verified on 25-Mar-1993 by Systematic Botany Laboratory. Last updated:
23-Aug-1994.
Species priority site is: North Central Regional PI Station (NC7). 14 accessions
(by country).
Protologue: Sp. pl. 2:1023. 1753.

See also subordinate taxa:

     Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides (No accessions)
     Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis (No accessions)

Common names:

     sea-buckthorn (Source: F USSR)
     sallowthorn (Source: Hortus 3, Webster's)
     argousier (Source: Dict Rehm) [French]
     argasse (Source: Dict Rehm) [French]
     grisset (Source: Dict Rehm) [French]
     Sanddorn (Source: Dict Rehm) [German]
      espino armarillo (Source: Dict Rehm) [Spanish] espino falso (Source:
      Dict Rehm) [Spanish]

      Uses for taxon:
     Environmental: erosion control, ornamental, shade/shelter (fide Dict Gard,
       Krussmann)
     Human food: fruit (fide Krussmann, L Edible Pl)

Species range:

Asia - Temperate: Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; China - Gansu, Hebei, Nei
Monggol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan
[northwest]; Georgia; Iran; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia;

Russian Federation - Altay, Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, Eastern Siberia, Western
Siberia; Tajikistan; Turkey

Asia-Tropical: India [northwest]; Pakistan [north]

Europe: Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia; Denmark; Finland; France;
Germany; Hungary; Italy [north]; Moldova; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania;
Russian Federation - European part; Spain [north]; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine;
United Kingdom; Yugoslavia

Species citations:
V. L. Komarov et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR) T. G. Tutin et al.,
eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur) K. H. Rechinger, ed. 1963-. Flora
iranica. (F Iran)
J. D. Hooker. Flora of British India. 1872-1897 (F BritInd)
P. H. Davis, ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F
Turk)
E. Nasir & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
G. Krussmann. 1984. Handbuch de Laubgeholze, Engl. translat. (Krussmann)
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
S. Rehm. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
G. Kunkel. Plants for human consumption (L Edible Pl)
A. Huxley, ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
(Dict Gard)
J. H. Wiersema & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference.
(World Econ Pl)
F. Encke et al. 1984. Zander: Handworterbuch der Pflanzennamen, ed. 13. (Zander
ed13)

         Check other databases for Hippophae rhamnoides: Flora Europaea: Database
         of European Plants (ESFEDS)

Cite as: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources
Information Network - (GRIN). [Online
Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Available:
www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?19177 (03 August 1999)

Please send comments to Dr. J. H. Wiersema at: sbmljw@...


3. Faith Campbell, American Lands Alliance (Phytodoer@...)

Dear weedy friends,

I found Hr on Peter Rice' list of exotic plants established in Washington
State.  His database includes 5 or 6 states, certainly including MT, ID, OR,
and I think WY -- Hr apparently has not turned up in these other states so
far.

I checked a 1995 printed list of plants invasive in New Zealand conservation
areas; Hr was not listed.

Faith T. Campbell
American Lands Alliance

      4. Cyane Gresham, Rodale Institute
         greenhse@... (Greenhouse - Cyane)

      Hippophae rhamnoides was recommended to us to plant in our gardens
      here by Permaculture designers last year.  They claimed that it was a
      prolific producer of desirable berries.  We did research and found
      several nurseries that stock, promote, and sell the plant.  One of the
      gardeners planted it at her home garden last year and reports that,
      yes, it does produce prolifically.
      Cyane Gresham
      Rodale Institute
      Tel:  (610)  6831451
      email:  <greenhse@...>


      5. Sue Salmons, National Park Service, Rock Creek Park

      Dirr's Manual of Woody Landscape Plants lists this as a
      having a medium growth rate, and as hardy in Zones 3-7. It produces
      many sucker shoots, that form large thickets. It has male and female
      plants, pollinates by wind. The fruits are apparently too acid for
      birds to bother with, but are prized by gardeners for thier winter
      color. It is native to Central Asia - from Europe to northern and
      western China and the Himalayas. It is supposed to prefer sandy,
      relatively infertile soil to rich soils.


Phil Pannill's original call for help:

"Phil Pannill; Regional Watershed Forester" <mddnrhfo@...>
Date:    07/26/1999 1:49 PM

Jil,
I need your help, the help of others in the MEPPC, or others we may be in
contact with, to identify a potential problem.  Keep in mind that much of the
information below is my recollection of what I was told, and my concerns may or
may not be valid.

I recently became aware of what I suspect to be a new exotic plant being
introduced into West Virginia by a researcher with the USDA - Agricultural
Research Service in Beaver, WV.  The scientific name is Hippophae rhamnoides,
common name Sea Berry, or Sea Berry Buckthorn.  When I heard the common name, it
immediately made me think of Buckthorn, which I understand is a serious problem
in some areas.  Common buckthorn is Rhamnus cathartica, and glossy or alder
buckthorn is Rhamnus frangula, so the genus is not not exactly the same but
rhamnoides is pretty similar to Rhamnus.  This plant has dark green lanceolate
leaves about 3 inches long and about 3/4 inch wide, and has long, branched
thorns similar to honey locust.  The fruit, which had not been produced yet on
these young plants, I believe are supposed to be small, orange berries which are
produced copiously along the twigs.  I believe the plant is native to eastern
Europe, and is used for juice production. It is being experimatned with here as
an alternativve crop for juice production.  I was told that this had recently
been planted in some parts of the northern U.S. and in Canada, but was a new
plant here.

The obvious alarm bells went off.  Not only is this an exotic species being
introduced with no known track record (that I know of) on how it may behave
here, but it is a plant which has nasty thorns, and large quantities of small
berries which could be eaten by birds and spread widely very quickly.  I'm
afraid that by the time somebody decides that it is invasive it will be far too
late.  I expressed my concerns to the person showing me the plants, but did not
feel like I really made much of an impact.

If anyone knows anything about this plant, particularly its history in North
America and tendency to reproduce, please let me know.  I'm not trying to make
any enemies, but if this is a threat perhaps we can nip it in the bud. Phil.

Neat, Faith and I love being a "weedy friend."  N
----------
>From: Phytodoer@...
>To: ma-eppc@onelist.com
>Subject: [ma-eppc] Hippophae rhamnoides
>Date: Wed, Aug 4, 1999, 1:45 PM
>

>From: Phytodoer@...
>
>Dear weedy friends,
>
>I found Hr on Peter Rice' list of exotic plants established in Washington
>State.  His database includes 5 or 6 states, certainly including MT, ID, OR,
>and I think WY -- Hr apparently has not turned up in these other states so
>far.
>
>I checked a 1995 printed list of plants invasive in New Zealand conservation
>areas; Hr was not listed.
>
>Faith T. Campbell
>American Lands Alliance
>
>--------------------------- ONElist Sponsor ----------------------------
>
>ONElist:  the best place to EXPLORE topics, SHARE ideas, and
>CONNECT to people with the same interests.
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dear weedy friends,

I found Hr on Peter Rice' list of exotic plants established in Washington
State.  His database includes 5 or 6 states, certainly including MT, ID, OR,
and I think WY -- Hr apparently has not turned up in these other states so
far.

I checked a 1995 printed list of plants invasive in New Zealand conservation
areas; Hr was not listed.

Faith T. Campbell
American Lands Alliance

Mid-A EPPCers:

The attached article on sea buckthorn, located by Diane Pavek, NPS Botanist for
the National Capital Region, is really interesting. Information provided
certainly suggests it has the potential to be a serious invader and should not
be planted outdoors in the U.S.

Jil Swearingen

______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: Sea-Buckthorn
Author:  diane pavek at np--ncr
Date:    08/02/1999 4:02 PM


      Hi,
         Jil, I'm sorry I don't know about the degree of invasibility
      for sea buckthorn. There have been a couple of international
      conferences on the sea buckthorn. I don't have it as a member of
      the Rhamnaceae(?!).  It's Elaeagnaceae, which is the Russian
      olive family. The proceedings may have invasivability info.  I
      wonder why the person asking the question didn't just call WV
      Expt. Farm and talk to the researcher?  There's stern dictates
      from the Secretary and the National Program Staff regarding new
      crops not being agressive invaders.
        bye...Diane


______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: Sea-Buckthorn
Author:  "Edward J. Garvey" <ngarvey@...> at NP--INTERNET
Date:    8/2/99 3:17 PM


http://www.agr.ca/pfra/shbpub/shbpub62.htm

Not many of us probably watch tv on Saturday afternoon, but I guess that's what
that VCR thing is for.

Jil


PRESS ADVISORY from the Information Television Network (ITV)

"Aquatic Invaders" New TV special on aquatic nuisance species! Premiering Aug.
14, 1999, on CNBC 3:30 pm EDT, 2:30 pm Central, 1:30 pm Mountain, and 12:30 pm
PDT. Additional air times will be announced at a later date.

Millions of Americans rely on our fresh and marine water for food,
transportation and recreation. Yet now, the very survival of many water-based
industries particularly sport and commercial fishing is in danger due to
invasive species or "aquatic invaders."

A growing number of non-indigenous (non-native) animals and plants are invading
coastal and inland waters in North America. Fish, crabs and clams originating in
Europe and Asia threaten our native populations from the Great Lakes to the Gulf
of Mexico and from the eastern seaboard to the Pacific Northwest. In their
native waters, these organisms may be relatively harmless and even beneficial.
However, when transplanted elsewhere, they can create serious problems.

For example, a small mussel that invaded the Great Lakes just over a decade ago
has upset a delicate ecosystem, affected sport and commercial fishing, and
interfered with water supply systems. Tens of millions of dollars are invested
annually in control programs. Introduced primarily through the ballast water of
ocean-going vessels, this mussel and other aquatic invaders  have spread rapidly
throughout large areas of North America.

An upcoming edition of TECHNO 2100: "Aquatic Invaders" takes a look at the
threats these aquatic nuisance species pose, and how scientists, the public, and
policy makers are working to prevent the spread of these potentially devastating
invaders.

This 30-minute TV special is produced by Information Television Network in
collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and various other
U.S. and Canadian federal agencies and Great Lakes states. The special is
co-hosted by Dr. Michael J. Donahue of the Great Lakes Commission and Dr. James
T. Carlton of the Williams College/Mystic Seaport Maritime Studies Program. The
program is scheduled to premier on CNBC on Saturday, August 14. For additional
information, please call 1-888-380-6500 or visit http://www.itvisus.com

Special thanks to the following organizations:

Michigan Office of the Great Lakes
Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife
Ohio Division of Wildlife
United States Coast Guard
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Great Lakes Fishery Commission
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada
United States Fish and Wildlife Service

      * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
      glin-announce is hosted by the Great Lakes Information Network:
      http://www.great-lakes.net
      To search the glin-announce archives:
      http://www.great-lakes.net/lists/glin-announce/index.html* * * * * * *
      * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Jil - have forwarded to Faith Campbell who has a much longer history with
invasive species than I - Hope she can help.  Nicky
----------
>From: JIL_SWEARINGEN@... (JIL SWEARINGEN)
>To: "FICMNEW" <ficmnew@...>, "A/Charles Williams"
<cwilliams@...>, "A/Bob Trumbule" <rtrumbule@...>, "A/Ann
Rhoads" <rhoadsaf@...>, "Ed Uebel" <uebe@...>, "Brian
Bowen" <bbowen@...>, "David Ellis" <editor@...>, "Charlie
Davis" <cadavis@...>, Pat_Toops@... (Pat Toops),
Diane_Pavek@... (Diane Pavek), Jim_Sherald@... (Jim Sherald),
"NP/Olivia Kwong" <Olivia_Kwong@...>, "NP/Peggy Olwell"
<Peggy_Olwell@...>, "Olivia Kwong" <ophey@...>, "Mid-Atlantic
EPPC" <ma-eppc@onelist.com>, "A/Nicky Staunton" <staunton@...>,
"Barry" <bazza@...>
>Subject: [ma-eppc] NEED INFO. ASAP/POTENTIAL INVADER ALERT: Sea berry buckthorn
>Date: Mon, Aug 2, 1999, 2:27 PM
>

>
>If anyone is familiar with this species (Hippophae rhamnoides) and can provide
>information on its known or potential invasiveness, please respond to me as
soon
>as you possibly can.
>
>This will be a test of how quickly a potential Weed Alert species can be
>verified and announced.
>
>Thanks very much,
>
>Jil Swearingen
>Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
>U.S. National Park Service
>National Capital Region
>Natural Resource Science Services
>4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
>Washington, DC 20007
>ph: 202-342-1443, ex. 218
>fx: 202-282-1031
>
>______________________________ Forward Header
__________________________________
>Subject: Re: Sea berry buckthorn
>Author:  JIL SWEARINGEN at NP--NCR
>Date:    08/02/1999 1:56 PM
>
>
>     Hi Phil,
>
>     I am forwarding your message to John Kartesz, Botanist and Director,
>     Biota of North Carolina Program, who may be able to tell us more
>     about the plant. I'll also forward to John Randall (TNC) and a few
>     others for input and get back to you as soon as I hear anything.
>
>     Glad you are on the alert. If it truly is a potentially serious
>     invader, a weed alert can be sent out fairly quickly to thousands of
>     folks by internet.
>
>     Jil
>
>
>______________________________ Reply Separator
_________________________________
>Subject: Sea berry buckthorn
>Author:  "Phil Pannill; Regional Watershed Forester" <mddnrhfo@...> at
>NP--INTERNET
>Date:    07/26/1999 1:49 PM
>
>
>Jil,
>I need your help, the help of others in the MEPPC, or others we may be in
>contact with, to identify a potential problem.  Keep in mind that much of the
>information below is my recollection of what I was told, and my concerns may or
>may not be valid.
>
>I recently became aware of what I suspect to be a new exotic plant being
>introduced into West Virginia by a researcher with the USDA - Agricultural
>Research Service in Beaver, WV.  The scientific name is Hippophae rhamnoides,
>common name Sea Berry, or Sea Berry Buckthorn.  When I heard the common name,
it
>immediately made me think of Buckthorn, which I understand is a serious problem
>in some areas.  Common buckthorn is Rhamnus cathartica, and glossy or alder
>buckthorn is Rhamnus frangula, so the genus is not not exactly the same but
>rhamnoides is pretty similar to Rhamnus.  This plant has dark green lanceolate
>leaves about 3 inches long and about 3/4 inch wide, and has long, branched
>thorns similar to honey locust.  The fruit, which had not been produced yet on
>these young plants, I believe are supposed to be small, orange berries which
are
>produced copiously along the twigs.  I believe the plant is native to eastern
>Europe, and is used for juice production. It is being experimatned with here as
>an alternativve crop for juice production.  I was told that this had recently
>been planted in some parts of the northern U.S. and in Canada, but was a new
>plant here.
>
>The obvious alarm bells went off.  Not only is this an exotic species being
>introduced with no known track record (that I know of) on how it may behave
>here, but it is a plant which has nasty thorns, and large quantities of small
>berries which could be eaten by birds and spread widely very quickly.  I'm
>afraid that by the time somebody decides that it is invasive it will be far too
>late.  I expressed my concerns to the person showing me the plants, but did not
>feel like I really made much of an impact.
>
>If anyone knows anything about this plant, particularly its history in North
>America and tendency to reproduce, please let me know.  I'm not trying to make
>any enemies, but if this is a threat perhaps we can nip it in the bud.
>Phil.
>
>
><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
><HTML>
><HEAD>
>
><META content=text/html;charset=iso-8859-1 http-equiv=Content-Type>
><META content='"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=GENERATOR>
></HEAD>
><BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Jil,</FONT></DIV>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT size=2>I need your help, the help
>of others in the MEPPC, or others we may be in contact with, to identify a
>potential problem.&nbsp; Keep in mind that much of the information below is my
>recollection of what I was told, and my concerns may or may not be
>valid.</FONT></DIV>
><DIV><FONT size=2></FONT><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I recently became aware of what I suspect to be
>a new exotic plant being introduced into West Virginia by a researcher with the
>USDA - Agricultural Research Service in Beaver, WV.&nbsp; The scientific name
is
>
><EM><STRONG>Hippophae rhamnoides</STRONG></EM>, common name Sea Berry, or Sea
>Berry Buckthorn.&nbsp; When I heard the common name, it immediately made me
>think of Buckthorn, which I understand is a serious problem in some
areas.&nbsp;
>
>Common buckthorn is <EM>Rhamnus cathartica</EM>, and glossy or alder buckthorn
>is <EM>Rhamnus frangula, </EM>so the genus is not not exactly the same but
><EM>rhamnoides </EM>is pretty similar to <EM>Rhamnus</EM>.&nbsp; This plant has
>dark green lanceolate leaves about 3 inches long and about 3/4 inch wide, and
>has long, branched thorns similar to honey locust.&nbsp; The fruit, which had
>not been produced yet on these young plants, I believe are supposed to be
small,
>
>orange berries which are produced copiously along the twigs.&nbsp; I believe
the
>
>plant is native to eastern Europe, and is used for juice production. It is
being
>
>experimatned with here as an alternative crop for juice production.&nbsp; I was
>told that this had recently been planted in some parts of the northern U.S. and
>in Canada, but was a new plant here.</FONT></DIV>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>The obvious alarm bells went off.&nbsp; Not
only
>
>is this an exotic species being introduced with no known track record (that I
>know of) on how it may behave here, but it is a plant which has nasty thorns,
>and large quantities of small berries which could be eaten by birds and spread
>widely very quickly.&nbsp; I'm afraid that by the time somebody decides that it
>is invasive it will be far too late.&nbsp; I expressed my concerns to the
person
>
>showing me the plants, but did not feel like I really made much of an
>impact.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><FONT size=2>If anyone knows anything about this plant, particularly its
>history in North America and tendency to reproduce, please let me know.&nbsp;
>I'm not trying to make any enemies, but if this is a threat perhaps we can nip
>it in the bud.</FONT></DIV>
><DIV><FONT size=2>Phil.</FONT></DIV>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
>Received: from newfrontiers.nfis.com (206.151.91.4) by ccmail.itd.nps.gov with
>SMTP
>  (IMA Internet Exchange 2.12 Enterprise) id 002FA0FB; Mon, 26 Jul 99 13:52:45
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> by newfrontiers.nfis.com (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id MAA31209
> for <jil_swearingen@...>; Mon, 26 Jul 1999 12:46:40 -0400
>Message-ID: <003701bed78f$2e3b83a0$d25b97ce@hagerstown>
>From: "Phil Pannill, Regional Watershed Forester" <mddnrhfo@...>
>To: <jil_swearingen@...>
>Subject: Sea berry buckthorn
>Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 13:49:09 -0400
>MIME-Version: 1.0
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>

Hippophae rhamnoides was recommended to us to plant in our gardens here by
Permaculture designers last year.  They claimed that it was a prolific
producer of desirable berries.  We did research and found several nurseries
that stock, promote, and sell the plant.  One of the gardeners planted it
at her home garden last year and reports that, yes, it does produce
prolifically.
	 Cyane Gresham
	 Rodale Institute
	 Tel:  (610)  6831451
	 email:  <greenhse@...>

-----Original Message-----
From: JIL SWEARINGEN [SMTP:JIL_SWEARINGEN@...]
Sent: Monday, August 02, 1999 2:28 PM
To: FICMNEW; A/Charles Williams; A/Bob Trumbule; A/Ann Rhoads; Ed Uebel;
Brian Bowen; David Ellis; Charlie Davis; Pat Toops; Diane Pavek; Jim
Sherald; NP/Olivia Kwong; NP/Peggy Olwell; Olivia Kwong; Mid-Atlantic EPPC;
A/Nicky Staunton; Barry
Subject: [ma-eppc] NEED INFO. ASAP/POTENTIAL INVADER ALERT: Sea berry
buckthorn


If anyone is familiar with this species (Hippophae rhamnoides) and can
provide
information on its known or potential invasiveness, please respond to me as
soon
as you possibly can.

This will be a test of how quickly a potential Weed Alert species can be
verified and announced.

Thanks very much,

Jil Swearingen
Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
U.S. National Park Service
National Capital Region
Natural Resource Science Services
4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
Washington, DC 20007
ph: 202-342-1443, ex. 218
fx: 202-282-1031

______________________________ Forward Header
__________________________________
Subject: Re: Sea berry buckthorn
Author:  JIL SWEARINGEN at NP--NCR
Date:    08/02/1999 1:56 PM


      Hi Phil,

      I am forwarding your message to John Kartesz, Botanist and Director,
      Biota of North Carolina Program, who may be able to tell us more
      about the plant. I'll also forward to John Randall (TNC) and a few
      others for input and get back to you as soon as I hear anything.

      Glad you are on the alert. If it truly is a potentially serious
      invader, a weed alert can be sent out fairly quickly to thousands of
      folks by internet.

      Jil


______________________________ Reply Separator
_________________________________
Subject: Sea berry buckthorn
Author:  "Phil Pannill; Regional Watershed Forester" <mddnrhfo@...> at
NP--INTERNET
Date:    07/26/1999 1:49 PM


Jil,
I need your help, the help of others in the MEPPC, or others we may be in
contact with, to identify a potential problem.  Keep in mind that much of
the
information below is my recollection of what I was told, and my concerns
may or
may not be valid.

I recently became aware of what I suspect to be a new exotic plant being
introduced into West Virginia by a researcher with the USDA - Agricultural
Research Service in Beaver, WV.  The scientific name is Hippophae
rhamnoides,
common name Sea Berry, or Sea Berry Buckthorn.  When I heard the common
name, it
immediately made me think of Buckthorn, which I understand is a serious
problem
in some areas.  Common buckthorn is Rhamnus cathartica, and glossy or alder
buckthorn is Rhamnus frangula, so the genus is not not exactly the same but
rhamnoides is pretty similar to Rhamnus.  This plant has dark green
lanceolate
leaves about 3 inches long and about 3/4 inch wide, and has long, branched
thorns similar to honey locust.  The fruit, which had not been produced yet
on
these young plants, I believe are supposed to be small, orange berries
which are
produced copiously along the twigs.  I believe the plant is native to
eastern
Europe, and is used for juice production. It is being experimatned with
here as
an alternativve crop for juice production.  I was told that this had
recently
been planted in some parts of the northern U.S. and in Canada, but was a
new
plant here.

The obvious alarm bells went off.  Not only is this an exotic species being
introduced with no known track record (that I know of) on how it may behave
here, but it is a plant which has nasty thorns, and large quantities of
small
berries which could be eaten by birds and spread widely very quickly.  I'm
afraid that by the time somebody decides that it is invasive it will be far
too
late.  I expressed my concerns to the person showing me the plants, but did
not
feel like I really made much of an impact.

If anyone knows anything about this plant, particularly its history in
North
America and tendency to reproduce, please let me know.  I'm not trying to
make
any enemies, but if this is a threat perhaps we can nip it in the bud.
Phil.

       << File: ATT00000.txt >>  << File: RFC822 message headers.txt >>

If anyone is familiar with this species (Hippophae rhamnoides) and can provide
information on its known or potential invasiveness, please respond to me as soon
as you possibly can.

This will be a test of how quickly a potential Weed Alert species can be
verified and announced.

Thanks very much,

Jil Swearingen
Entomologist/IPM Coordinator
U.S. National Park Service
National Capital Region
Natural Resource Science Services
4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W.
Washington, DC 20007
ph: 202-342-1443, ex. 218
fx: 202-282-1031

______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: Re: Sea berry buckthorn
Author:  JIL SWEARINGEN at NP--NCR
Date:    08/02/1999 1:56 PM


      Hi Phil,

      I am forwarding your message to John Kartesz, Botanist and Director,
      Biota of North Carolina Program, who may be able to tell us more
      about the plant. I'll also forward to John Randall (TNC) and a few
      others for input and get back to you as soon as I hear anything.

      Glad you are on the alert. If it truly is a potentially serious
      invader, a weed alert can be sent out fairly quickly to thousands of
      folks by internet.

      Jil


______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Sea berry buckthorn
Author:  "Phil Pannill; Regional Watershed Forester" <mddnrhfo@...> at
NP--INTERNET
Date:    07/26/1999 1:49 PM


Jil,
I need your help, the help of others in the MEPPC, or others we may be in
contact with, to identify a potential problem.  Keep in mind that much of the
information below is my recollection of what I was told, and my concerns may or
may not be valid.

I recently became aware of what I suspect to be a new exotic plant being
introduced into West Virginia by a researcher with the USDA - Agricultural
Research Service in Beaver, WV.  The scientific name is Hippophae rhamnoides,
common name Sea Berry, or Sea Berry Buckthorn.  When I heard the common name, it
immediately made me think of Buckthorn, which I understand is a serious problem
in some areas.  Common buckthorn is Rhamnus cathartica, and glossy or alder
buckthorn is Rhamnus frangula, so the genus is not not exactly the same but
rhamnoides is pretty similar to Rhamnus.  This plant has dark green lanceolate
leaves about 3 inches long and about 3/4 inch wide, and has long, branched
thorns similar to honey locust.  The fruit, which had not been produced yet on
these young plants, I believe are supposed to be small, orange berries which are
produced copiously along the twigs.  I believe the plant is native to eastern
Europe, and is used for juice production. It is being experimatned with here as
an alternativve crop for juice production.  I was told that this had recently
been planted in some parts of the northern U.S. and in Canada, but was a new
plant here.

The obvious alarm bells went off.  Not only is this an exotic species being
introduced with no known track record (that I know of) on how it may behave
here, but it is a plant which has nasty thorns, and large quantities of small
berries which could be eaten by birds and spread widely very quickly.  I'm
afraid that by the time somebody decides that it is invasive it will be far too
late.  I expressed my concerns to the person showing me the plants, but did not
feel like I really made much of an impact.

If anyone knows anything about this plant, particularly its history in North
America and tendency to reproduce, please let me know.  I'm not trying to make
any enemies, but if this is a threat perhaps we can nip it in the bud.
Phil.

Great idea.  Any suggestions anyone.  Also, please send them my way. Thanks.
Marc

-----Original Message-----
From: Jim_Poole@... [SMTP:Jim_Poole@...]
Sent: Monday, July 19, 1999 11:08 AM
To: Imlay; Marc
Subject: Re: FW: Chapman Forest Round 11


                Marc,

             I have been impressed over the months at your diligence at
     Chapman Forest.  Your project seems to be a good one for Scout
     service projects, conservaiton projects and Eagle projects.

              Is there a similar effort underway on the Virginia side of
      the Potomac?  I think our Scout leaders there would like
      opportunities where their Scouts can accomplish a service project
      and learn about native plants/invasive weeds.

         Jim Poole

______________________________ Reply Separator
_________________________________
Subject: FW: Chapman Forest Round 11
Author:  "Imlay; Marc" <ImlayM@...> at NP--INTERNET
Date:    7/19/99 10:53 AM


FIELD TRIP Chapman Forest/Swann Park, August
1, 1999.  Eradicate alien invasive plants from most
of the old growth area of Chapmans Forest.

Second Wave.  We are doing the sixth principle (follow
through) as described below. A few Chinese Privett seedlings
reappeared from a former large infestation (where Governor
Glendening and Representative Hoyer hugged a large
Red Oak).  We missed a few Asiatic Bittersweet.  We
need to protect American Bittersweet which is being
replaced by the alien one. We will get some remaining
Multiflora Rose and Wineberry.  Rod Simmons will
identify 3 foot diameter Sassafras trees and other neat
species.

Our usual meeting place is the parking lot at Ruth
Swann Park at 10am.  The date is the first Sunday
of each month, 10:00 am - 4:00 pm.  This allows
enough time for plant identification, a beautiful
beach lunch and volunteering. We remove invasive
growth to uncover rare natives such as Virginia Day
Flower, Moonseed, grape fern species, and
Chinquapin Oak. Five -ten% invaded now, these
parks will become 30-50% invaded unless we help
in a timely manner.

Directions to site: Take Route 210, Indian Head
Highway, south of Woodrow Wilson Bridge 15
miles. Go 1/4 mile past Bryans Rd Shopping
Center (McDonalds, Safeway). Turn right into
Ruth Swann Park and Library. Go to far west
end of parking lot. Bring gloves and bag lunch
with drink (beach party). Long-sleeved shirts
and pants are recommended. Weather advisory:
Trip is on unless severe weather occurs.
Contact field trip leader for more information:
Marc Imlay- 703-607-7989 w, 301 283-0808 h

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

You may discover the newly preserved Chapman
Forest Ecosystem and participate in its stewardship the
first Sunday of each month.  Participating organizations
include the Maryland Native Plant Society and
Sierra Club.  Emphasis will initially be on the 700 acre
North Tract of Chapman's Forest and the 200 acre
Swann Park where excellent progress has been made
in the past year.

Ten of us extirpated Japanese pachysandra
from the 2500 acre Chapman's Forest (State Park)
even though it was quite cold on Sunday, March 7.
Garlic mustard was next (April 4 and 18 and 6 June)
and continuing next year at this time because of the
endangered plants up the ravines under attack.

Volunteers rescued endangered plants by controlling
non-native invasive plants at an adjacent Southern
Maryland county park. last fall Sierra Club and Maryland
Native Plant Society volunteers, in cooperation with the
Charles County government, removed Japanese Stilt Grass
and Periwinkle at Ruth B. Swann Park MD.  We did this
because a few invasive exotic species replace hundreds
of our native species, especially endangered ones.

This spring the exact sites were found to harbor the state
endangered Small Flowered Baby Blue Eyes (S1).  However,
another alien invasive species, the garlic mustard, had
also moved in to the former uniform carpet of periwinkle.
Twelve of us returned on Sunday, May 2 to successsfully
remove such alien invasive species and protect our success
from the garlic mustard. See box score.

It all started for me when I pulled a few English Ivy.  I
knew it could get bad.  That is, English Ivy could take
over much of an Eastern deciduous forest such as
where I was, at Swann Park in Southern Maryland.
I came back next year and thought it was neat that
none had come back. So I started to pull out more
English Ivy around the bend but realized this was
too much for me to do alone.  So on July 15, 1998,
I asked the 15 hikers on the Maryland Native Plant
Society field trip I was leading to help me finish the
job.  We got 75% of the English Ivy in the 200 acre
Swann Park.  But to be sure, I inventoried the entire
park for invasives and characterized the natural
features. Later 5 of us finished the job.  We also
eliminated Mile a Minute Weed from Swann Park.
We are close with periwinkle (95% removed) and
Beefsteak plant (90% removed). See box score below.

We now realized this work was important. With
enough volunteers we were preventing a relatively
pristine park (5% invaded) from becoming like so
many other parks (20-50% invaded).  Invasiveness
may be measured by % acres or % biomass and is
typically monocultures of one to five alien species
instead of hundreds.of native species. Later, we
expanded our program to the nearby 2500 acre
Chapmans Forest (State Park) and to Patapsco
Valley State Park near Baltimore. See
announcements for  stewardship at Chapmans
Forest/Swann Park, first Sunday of each month,
and Patapsco Valley State Park, third Saturday
of each month.

Since these early successes several key principles
have emerged:

1. Have enough volunteers, usually 10 or more, to get
the job done and see real results.

2. Judicious use of herbicides carefully targeted
to the alien invasive species where they biodegrade
relatively quickly and do not move to other plants.
See MNPS insert to Spring issue..

3. Flexibility. Pull after a rain storm when it is easy.
You can remove annuals when the weather is dry, or
spray at that time. See MNPS insert.
(www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/2996)

4. Compare fact sheets from different groups, especially
Maryland Native Plant Society (See MNPS insert),
Virginia Natural Heritage/Virginia Native Plant Society
(www.state.va.us/~dcr/dnh/invallia.htm), Tennessee
Natural Heritage/Tennessee Native Plant Society
(www.webriver.com/tn-eppc/manual/), Invasive Plants
of Canada Project (http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factgarlic.html),
Alien Plant Working Group (www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/),
and The Nature Conservancy at 1815 North Lynn
Street, Arlington VA 22209. ( http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu.)

5.  Inventory and prioritize by harm, doability, and
incipient populations. Some invasives cause more harm
than others. Some may be too dificult to remove now.
Newly established invasives are a high priority.

6.  Follow through.  Plan on coming back to get them all.

BOX SCORE at the 200 acre Ruth B. Swann
Park as of June 1999:

SPECIES    VOLUNTEERS    PRINCIPLE   % REMOVED/
                   & PERSON-        DATE OF      METHOD
                   HOURS               ACTION

English Ivy          19  88      12 July 98     100  pull/wet
Mile a minute       3    6       August 98     100  pull
Vinca minor        31 172    26 Sept 98      95  pull & bag
Ponceras trifoliata 1    1      August 98     100  hack & squirt
Japanese stilt-
grass                   2  30      July-Oct 98    20  pull/spray
Beefsteak plant    8  35       early Oct 98   90  pull & bag
Chinese Day Lilly 2    5       early Oct 98   90 dig & quarantine
Garlic Mustard    12  48       2 May 99      50 (2nd year
                                                                  only)/bag

NEXT STEP: Remove the Chinese Yam and rescue
the native yam. See the one to two foot diameter
Sassafras trees and Chinquapin Oaks rescued
from English ivy at the work site. Basic principles,
with fact sheets, will be discussed such as
priorities (incipient invasive populations, do-able
species, degree of invasiveness: Randall, Nature
Conservancy) and proper use of round-up.

"It would have been judged hopeless without volunteers"

"I felt such a great sense of accomplishment last time!"





       <<cc:Mail note part>>

FIELD TRIP Chapman Forest/Swann Park, August
1, 1999.  Eradicate alien invasive plants from most
of the old growth area of Chapmans Forest.

Second Wave.  We are doing the sixth principle (follow
through) as described below. A few Chinese Privett seedlings
reappeared from a former large infestation (where Governor
Glendening and Representative Hoyer hugged a large
Red Oak).  We missed a few Asiatic Bittersweet.  We
need to protect American Bittersweet which is being
replaced by the alien one. We will get some remaining
Multiflora Rose and Wineberry.  Rod Simmons will
identify 3 foot diameter Sassafras trees and other neat
species.

Our usual meeting place is the parking lot at Ruth
Swann Park at 10am.  The date is the first Sunday
of each month, 10:00 am - 4:00 pm.  This allows
enough time for plant identification, a beautiful
beach lunch and volunteering. We remove invasive
growth to uncover rare natives such as Virginia Day
Flower, Moonseed, grape fern species, and
Chinquapin Oak. Five -ten% invaded now, these
parks will become 30-50% invaded unless we help
in a timely manner.

Directions to site: Take Route 210, Indian Head
Highway, south of Woodrow Wilson Bridge 15
miles. Go 1/4 mile past Bryans Rd Shopping
Center (McDonalds, Safeway). Turn right into
Ruth Swann Park and Library. Go to far west
end of parking lot. Bring gloves and bag lunch
with drink (beach party). Long-sleeved shirts
and pants are recommended. Weather advisory:
Trip is on unless severe weather occurs.
Contact field trip leader for more information:
Marc Imlay- 703-607-7989 w, 301 283-0808 h

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

You may discover the newly preserved Chapman
Forest Ecosystem and participate in its stewardship the
first Sunday of each month.  Participating organizations
include the Maryland Native Plant Society and
Sierra Club.  Emphasis will initially be on the 700 acre
North Tract of Chapman's Forest and the 200 acre
Swann Park where excellent progress has been made
in the past year.

Ten of us extirpated Japanese pachysandra
from the 2500 acre Chapman's Forest (State Park)
even though it was quite cold on Sunday, March 7.
Garlic mustard was next (April 4 and 18 and 6 June)
and continuing next year at this time because of the
endangered plants up the ravines under attack.

Volunteers rescued endangered plants by controlling
non-native invasive plants at an adjacent Southern
Maryland county park. last fall Sierra Club and Maryland
Native Plant Society volunteers, in cooperation with the
Charles County government, removed Japanese Stilt Grass
and Periwinkle at Ruth B. Swann Park MD.  We did this
because a few invasive exotic species replace hundreds
of our native species, especially endangered ones.

This spring the exact sites were found to harbor the state
endangered Small Flowered Baby Blue Eyes (S1).  However,
another alien invasive species, the garlic mustard, had
also moved in to the former uniform carpet of periwinkle.
Twelve of us returned on Sunday, May 2 to successsfully
remove such alien invasive species and protect our success
from the garlic mustard. See box score.

It all started for me when I pulled a few English Ivy.  I
knew it could get bad.  That is, English Ivy could take
over much of an Eastern deciduous forest such as
where I was, at Swann Park in Southern Maryland.
I came back next year and thought it was neat that
none had come back. So I started to pull out more
English Ivy around the bend but realized this was
too much for me to do alone.  So on July 15, 1998,
I asked the 15 hikers on the Maryland Native Plant
Society field trip I was leading to help me finish the
job.  We got 75% of the English Ivy in the 200 acre
Swann Park.  But to be sure, I inventoried the entire
park for invasives and characterized the natural
features. Later 5 of us finished the job.  We also
eliminated Mile a Minute Weed from Swann Park.
We are close with periwinkle (95% removed) and
Beefsteak plant (90% removed). See box score below.

We now realized this work was important. With
enough volunteers we were preventing a relatively
pristine park (5% invaded) from becoming like so
many other parks (20-50% invaded).  Invasiveness
may be measured by % acres or % biomass and is
typically monocultures of one to five alien species
instead of hundreds.of native species. Later, we
expanded our program to the nearby 2500 acre
Chapmans Forest (State Park) and to Patapsco
Valley State Park near Baltimore. See
announcements for  stewardship at Chapmans
Forest/Swann Park, first Sunday of each month,
and Patapsco Valley State Park, third Saturday
of each month.

Since these early successes several key principles
have emerged:

1. Have enough volunteers, usually 10 or more, to get
the job done and see real results.

2. Judicious use of herbicides carefully targeted
to the alien invasive species where they biodegrade
relatively quickly and do not move to other plants.
See MNPS insert to Spring issue..

3. Flexibility. Pull after a rain storm when it is easy.
You can remove annuals when the weather is dry, or
spray at that time. See MNPS insert.
(www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/2996)

4. Compare fact sheets from different groups, especially
Maryland Native Plant Society (See MNPS insert),
Virginia Natural Heritage/Virginia Native Plant Society
(www.state.va.us/~dcr/dnh/invallia.htm), Tennessee
Natural Heritage/Tennessee Native Plant Society
(www.webriver.com/tn-eppc/manual/), Invasive Plants
of Canada Project (http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factgarlic.html),
Alien Plant Working Group (www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/),
and The Nature Conservancy at 1815 North Lynn
Street, Arlington VA 22209. ( http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu.)

5.  Inventory and prioritize by harm, doability, and
incipient populations. Some invasives cause more harm
than others. Some may be too dificult to remove now.
Newly established invasives are a high priority.

6.  Follow through.  Plan on coming back to get them all.

BOX SCORE at the 200 acre Ruth B. Swann
Park as of June 1999:

SPECIES    VOLUNTEERS    PRINCIPLE   % REMOVED/
                   & PERSON-        DATE OF      METHOD
                   HOURS               ACTION

English Ivy          19  88      12 July 98     100  pull/wet
Mile a minute       3    6       August 98     100  pull
Vinca minor        31 172    26 Sept 98      95  pull & bag
Ponceras trifoliata 1    1      August 98     100  hack & squirt
Japanese stilt-
grass                   2  30      July-Oct 98    20  pull/spray
Beefsteak plant    8  35       early Oct 98   90  pull & bag
Chinese Day Lilly 2    5       early Oct 98   90 dig & quarantine
Garlic Mustard    12  48       2 May 99      50 (2nd year
                                                                  only)/bag

NEXT STEP: Remove the Chinese Yam and rescue
the native yam. See the one to two foot diameter
Sassafras trees and Chinquapin Oaks rescued
from English ivy at the work site. Basic principles,
with fact sheets, will be discussed such as
priorities (incipient invasive populations, do-able
species, degree of invasiveness: Randall, Nature
Conservancy) and proper use of round-up.

"It would have been judged hopeless without volunteers"

"I felt such a great sense of accomplishment last time!"

To:  Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council
      Worthley Botany Class

Attached is the most recent update on the Patapsco Conservation
Stewardship Project.

Louisa Thompson

To:  Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council and
      Worthley Botany Class

Attached is an invitation to join an ongoing project at Patapsco Valley
State Park.  As a member of the MA-EPPC and the WEBC, it occurred to me
that some of you might be interested.  The project is co-sponsored by
the park itself, Maryland Native Plant Society, and Maryland Cooperative
Extension Master Gardeners (Howard County).  It is open to the public
and we would like to have more participants.  You may come once or as
often as you like -- it meets monthly.

The monthly update that goes out to participants will follow as a second
message.

I hope to hear from you.

Louisa Thompson,
Volunteer Naturalist, Patapsco Valley State Park

ANNOUNCING THE INAUGURAL MEETING OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES COUNCIL..
      For a copy of the Executive Order on Invasive Species, signed by President
      Clinton on February 3, 1999, go to:
      http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/press/eo.htm

      Dear Colleague:

      On February 3, 1999, the President signed Executive Order 13112 on
      Invasive Species (copy enclosed).  The order establishes an Invasive
      Species Council co-chaired by our Departments, and including Federal
      agency head membership from State, Defense, Treasury, Transportation,
      and the Environmental Protection Agency.  We invite you to attend the
      inaugural meeting of the Council on July 22, 1999, from 1 p.m. to 4:30
      p.m. at the International Trade Center, Polaris Suite, 1300
      Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC (reception to follow).

      Executive Order 13112 directs the Council to provide national
      leadership on invasive species and, in particular, to (1) oversee
      implementation of the order and see that Federal agency activities
      concerning invasive species are coordinated, complementary,
      cost-efficient, and effective; (2) encourage planning and action in
      cooperation with stakeholders; (3) develop recommendations for
      international cooperation in addressing invasive species, (4) develop,
      in consultation with the Council on Environmental Quality, guidance to
      Federal agencies under NEPA on prevention and control of invasive
      species, including the procurement, use, and maintenance of native
      species; (5) facilitate development of a coordinated network among
      agencies to document, evaluate, and monitor impacts from invasive
      species on the economy, the environment, and human health; (6)
      facilitate establishment of a coordinated, up-to-date Internet-based
      network facilitating access to and exchange of invasive species
      information; and  (7) prepare and issue a national Invasive Species
      Management Plan by August, 2000.

      We expect the first meeting to set a course for action to address
      these issues through consideration of the items set forth in the
      enclosed draft agenda.

      Please contact the Acting Co-Executive Directors, Rebecca Bech on
      202-219-7734 and Gordon Brown on 202-208-6336 if you have questions.

      Sincerely,

      Bruce Babbitt
      Secretary of the Interior

      Daniel Glickman
      Secretary of Agriculture

      William Daley
      Secretary of Commerce

      Enclosures

        AGENDA
      National Invasive Species Council Meeting
      International Trade Center
      1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Polaris Suite
      Washington  D.C.

      Thursday, July 22, 1999
         1:00 PM - 5:30 PM

      1:00               Opening remarks and charge to the Council

      Secretary Babbitt, Department of Interior
      Secretary Glickman, Department of Agriculture
      Secretary Daley, Department of Commerce

      1:20               Introduction of Council members

      1:30               Scientific perspectives

      Dr. Daniel Simberloff, Professor and Nancy Gore Hunger Chair
      of Excellence in Environmental Studies
      Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee

      1:45         State perspectives

      Invited Governor

      2:00         Break

      2:10         Discussion of council duties and plans for accomplishment

      · Planning and action at local, tribal, state, and regional levels
      Lee Otteni, Farmington Field Office, BL M

      · NEPA guidance
      Ellen Athas, Council on Environmental Quality

      · Information collection and management
      Jim Williams, Florida Caribbean Science Center, USGS

      · Documenting, evaluating and monitoring impacts of invasive species
      Greg Ruiz, Smithsonian/Richard Orr, APHIS

      · International cooperation
      Invited speaker

      · National Management Plan
      Charles Wahle, NOAA


      3:00  Discussion on Council composition, support staff, and operations
      Bill Brown, Science Advisor to the Secretary, DOI

      Overall leadership and oversight
      Membership
       · subcommittees
      · working groups and public participation
      Proposed support staff
      · funding
      · staff positions and administrative support
      · additional support through agency details
      Frequency of meetings

      3:15          Discussion on the Advisory Committee role and formation
      Sally Yozell, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere,
      DOC/NOAA

      Charter
      Nomination and selection process of members
      Funding and support

      3:30          Discussion on Budget issues
      Keith Pitts, Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary, USDA

      Priority categories for budget
      Time lines

      3:45               Public comment

      4:15               Concluding remarks
      Council Chairs

      4:30-5:30  Reception

Hendersonia occculta (Wild Cherrystone snail) is a G3
endangered snail. Also montypic i.e., only species in
the genus. One of my favorites. Large, bright red, field
biologists have found most of it.

----------
From: khotopp@...
To: ialm@...
Cc: khotopp@...
Subject: garlic mustard and snails
Date: Tuesday, June 22, 1999 9:58 AM

Hi Marc,
	 It's good to hear from you. You are doing a great job at Chapman's
and
a great service for all of us. I hope you and Wayne had a good reunion.
Regarding snails and garlic mustard, I have no experimental data - only
field observations (I would like to make it a research topic in the future,
though). It seems that garlic mustard stands have an abundance of
Ventridens species, but lack many other of the larger land snails. At
places such as Ice Mountain and Antietam, where Hendersonia and
garlic mustard are both present, Hendersonia occurs only where garlic
mustard is thin or absent. This seems strange because Hendersonia
should like many of the rich places where the garlic mustard occurs.
My hypothesis is that garlic mustard may repel or be toxic to
Hendersonia. This might be an accidental consequence of its
allelopathy, or it may be a protective adaptation. If garlic mustard does
prove to have this effect, there are, of course, conservation implications
for rare land snails on rich sites.
	 Sorry I can't provide something more solid at this time.
Best, Ken


From: "Marc Imlay" <ialm@...>
To: "Ken Hotopp" <khotopp@...>
CC: "Rod Simmons" <rod77@...>, "Louisa Thompson"
     <louisathompson@...>, "Jim Long" <jp.long@...>
Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1999 07:18:49 -0400

Ken, what's the deal on garlic mustard and snails?
Wayne Grimm says you found where there is garlic
mustard there are no snails, especially Hendersonia
occulta. It stops abruptly at the edge of the advance
of the garlic mustard. Thanks. Marc.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^



    Ken Hotopp                                   khotopp@...
    83 Frost Ave., Frostburg, MD 21532  USA

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

FIELD TRIP Chapman Forest/Swann Park,
July 4, 1999.  Eradicate wineberry from most of the
old growth area of Chapmans Forest.

Our usual meeting place is the parking lot at Ruth
Swann Park at 10am.  The date is the first Sunday
of each month, 10:00 am - 4:00 pm.  This allows
enough time for plant identification, a beautiful
beach lunch and volunteering. We remove invasive
growth to uncover rare natives such as Virginia Day
Flower, Moonseed, grape fern species, and
Chinquapin Oak. Five -ten% invaded now, these
parks will become 30-50% invaded unless we help
in a timely manner.

Directions to site: Take Route 210, Indian Head
Highway, south of Woodrow Wilson Bridge 15
miles. Go 1/4 mile past Bryans Rd Shopping
Center (McDonalds, Safeway). Turn right into
Ruth Swann Park and Library. Go to far west
end of parking lot. Bring gloves and bag lunch
with drink (beach party). Long-sleeved shirts
and pants are recommended. Weather advisory:
Trip is on unless severe weather occurs.
Contact field trip leader for more information:
Marc Imlay- 703-607-7989 w, 301 283-0808 h

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Ten of us extirpated Japanese pachysandra
from the 2500 acre Chapman's Forest (State Park)
even though it was quite cold on Sunday, March 7.
Garlic mustard was next (April 4 and 18 and 6 June)
and continuing next year at this time because of the
endangered plants up the ravines under attack.

Thought I'd pass along a column that was in the Sunday June 27 Hagerstown,
MD paper.  A former editor who has a regular column wrote one entitled
"Garlic Mustard Can drive Out Native Plants." Page D-1 - "Lifestyle"
section.  (The paper is online but only a portion of it.)

The article was scanned as 2 .jpg's as I only have a photo scanner.  They
will only be left up for a few days as I don't want to devote the webspace
to the files - but thought I would at least put them up temporarily.

1st half  http://www.fred.net/kathy/dennisshaw.jpg
2nd half  http://www.fred.net/kathy/dennisshaw2.jpg


--Kathy Bilton

Dear Ma-EPPC'ers,

This is a great article on invasives and natives in Maine.

Jil

______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: WEB: Gardening to Conserve Maine's Native Landscape
Author:  Olivia_Kwong@... at NP--INTERNET
Date:    06/24/1999 9:37 PM

I've just added a new article/brochure to the website: Gardening to Conserve
Maine's Native Landscape.  The pages were created from a brochure with the same
title which was partially funded by NPCI's NFWF grant program.  Take a look at
it in the Announcements Section of our website at http://www.nps.gov/plants/

Olivia Kwong
SER/PCA
http://www.nps.gov/plants/

From Jil for ma-eppc - from downunder:

______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: Weedbuster Week
Author:  Lloyd Sandy <slloyd@...> at NBS-Internet-Gateway
Date:    05/27/99 05:47 PM


Hi Bill,
I saw your posting to aliens on 13 May, I hope hope somebody sent you
information about National Weedbuster Week,
but if if not here is the URL:
http://www.weedbusterweek.info.au

regards,
Sandy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  'Spread the word.......not the weed'

  Ms Sandy Lloyd

Technical Officer, Weed Science Group
WA Coordinator Weedbuster Week

email: slloyd@...
snailmail: Agriculture Western Australia
                 Locked bag N°4
                 Bentley Delivery Centre WA  6983
                 Australia

Sandy's Links Page
HTTP://WWW.AGRIC.WA.GOV.AU/PROGSERV/PLANTS/WEEDS/links.htm

Weed Science Group Home Page:
http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/progserv/plants/weeds/

  Plant Protection Society of WA (Inc.):
http://www.wantree.com.au/~weeds/

National Weedbuster homepage:
http://www.weedbusterweek.info.au/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Jil requested that I send this to the list.  --Kathy

      Immediate Release: (5/13/99)
Contact: Michele Banowetz   970-226-9301  michele_banowetz@...
          Dr. Thomas Stohlgren  970-491-1980 toms@...

USGS Research Upsets Conventional Wisdom on Invasive Species Invasions

Invasive plant species are able to make themselves at home in habitats far
from their native ranges. But is there ever simply no more room at the
inn?  Many ecologists have long accepted the view that a "no vacancy" rule
applies to habitats rich in native species diversity. Areas with more
native species are often presumed to use available resources more
completely, leaving nothing left over for wandering weeds.

This and several other pieces of conventional ecological wisdom are
challenged in a recent series of publications by USGS ecologist Thomas
Stohlgren, of the Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, and colleagues
at the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University.
In the current issue of the journal Ecological Monographs, the team
reports that across a broad array of Central Grassland and Rocky Mountain
habitats, from Colorado to Minnesota, areas with the most native species
are exactly where invasives tend to take up residence.

The findings suggest that wherever resource levels are high, invasives are
able to grab a share. This means that invasibility depends more on the
presence of basic resources, such as sunlight, water and soil nutrients,
than on an absence of competitors. Conversely, in less favorable habitats,
a small number of native plants may monopolize existing resources, making
the community more resistant to invasion.

Stohlgren says that previous studies, suggesting that low-diversity
communities are more invasion-prone, may have simply not cast a wide
enough net. In his Central Grasslands study sites, for example, data from
small, one-meter square plots did support the classical view that high
native species richness deters invasives. But this changed as the scale of
vegetation sampling expanded to ten, one hundred, and one thousand
meter-square plots.

"The pattern reversed itself at larger scales because resources are
patchily distributed in the landscape," says Stohlgren. "Nitrogen, light
and water are present in some areas but not in others. At large spatial
scales, it's those hot spots of resources that are being invaded."

Just as human immigrants may find more opportunities in an
already-overcrowded city than a small town, invasive plants take advantage
of the constant turnover and jockeying for position that characterizes
species-rich ecological communities. The classical dictum that "diversity
begets stability," Stohlgren says, is simply not true in some ecosystems.
Communities with high diversity tend to be in constant flux, creating
openings for invasives.

Stohlgren's team also carried out an extensive investigation of the
effects of grazing on native and invasive species richness. One branch of
ecological theory predicts that regular disturbance, such as that caused
by grazing, allows a greater number of plant species to co-exist. Such
disturbances may also set the stage for fast-growing invasive species to
colonize new areas.

As reported in the current issue of the journal Ecological Applications,
the researchers measured vegetation at multiple scales on 26 long-term
grazing exclosures and surrounding rangeland in Colorado, Wyoming, Montana
and South Dakota. Surprisingly, the researchers discovered that numbers of
native and invasive species were virtually identical for the fenced
exclosures and adjacent grazed areas.

"In some habitats, grazing isn't quite the disturbance we thought is was
in terms of invasive species," says Stohlgren. He notes that shortgrass
steppe in Colorado has been grazed heavily by bison for thousands of years
and, more recently, by cattle. "And yet the shortgrass steppe is a
low-diversity site with a few dominant species and not very many weeds,"
he says. However, adds Stohlgren, the effects of grazing clearly differ
according to climate; in more arid regions, studies have shown an
association between soil disturbance by large grazers and the spread of
invasive plants.

From a conservation perspective, the results of these multi-site,
multi-scale studies are disturbing. "It's an alarming pattern," says
Stohlgren. "In the Central Grasslands and the Rockies, the high diversity
habitats are already becoming rarer and rarer because of both natural
succession and human influences. And these are the places where invasive
species are most heavily invading."  The invasions may threaten some of
the last strongholds of certain biologically rich habitats, such as
tallgrass prairie, aspen woodlands, and moist riparian zones.

In a recent paper in the journal Plant Ecology, Stohlgren and his
co-workers also document the proclivity of invasive plants for streamside,
or riparian, areas. Many plant and animal species depend on streamside
habitat for all or part of their life cycle, and conservationists have
long stressed the importance of streamside corridors as biological
lifelines for species migrations and dispersal. Unfortunately, the
researchers found, streamside corridors also act as havens for invasive
species, as well as networks for the spread of invasives from one pristine
area to another.

The transformation of rich riparian zones into communities dominated by
invasives may accelerate the loss of native plant species and may also
greatly affect some animals, such as birds and butterflies, that rely on
the natives for food or habitat, Stohlgren says. The invasions may also
disrupt the relationships of plants and pollinators that evolved together.
"This is really troubling, because it means that all along their migratory
routes, butterflies are running into more and more non-native plants that
they may not benefit from as much," says Stohlgren.

One consistent message from these studies, Stohlgren says, is that
ecologists should avoid making sweeping generalizations based on work done
at a small spatial scale or a single study site. Conservationists and land
managers should be aware of the potential for invasives to move into
biologically rich areas, but conservation strategies need to be dictated
by the particular characteristics of the habitats and species involved.

"We ought to turn our attention to finding out which weeds may be the
biggest problem in our highest diversity areas, so we can work at saving
native species while controlling invasives," Stohlgren says. "But we need
to be smart about it. That means selecting priorities based on
landscape-scale science, instead of relying solely on smaller scale
studies that may be misleading."

Being smart also means realizing that simply protecting an area from human
disturbances may not be enough, Stohlgren says. "We had this comforting
feeling that if we can maintain diversity everything will be stable. I
don't think we can be that comfortable any more."

As the nation's largest water, earth and biological science and civilian
mapping agency, the USGS works in cooperation with more than 2000
organizations across the country to provide reliable, impartial,
scientific information to resource managers, planners, and other
customers. This information is gathered in every state by USGS scientists
to minimize the loss of life and property from natural disasters, to
contribute to the conservation and the sound economic and physical
development of the nation's natural resources, and to enhance the quality
of life by monitoring water, biological, energy, and mineral resources.

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