Universe accelerates by dark energy or conservation
law the amount of speed?

Schema;
If the universe is flat and expanding ever faster,
some invisible, unidentified energy must be offsetting
gravity. In the beginning, when matter was close
together and the universe was dense, gravitational
attraction was much stronger. Now that matter is far
apart and the density of the universe is low, this
mysterious energy is pushing space itself outward at
an accelerating rate. Its nature is unknown.

Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe *
Deep as Einstein's general theory of relativity may
be, it remains silent on a profound question: Is empty
space really empty? Inflation models predict that it
was not so in the past, and it may not be so today
either. Einstein introduced a "cosmological constant"
into his equations, to represent the possibility that
even empty space has energy and couples to gravity.
The unknown magnitude of the cosmological constant is
set by parts of physics beyond Einstein's
understanding---and, at present, our own.
The new discovery that the expansion of the Universe
appears to be accelerating suggests the presence of
something dubbed "dark energy" that drives space
apart. It seems likely that we have roughly measured
the value of a cosmological constant or something like
it.
This new discovery already widely accepted because it
explains many observations. The first indication was
that the rate of expansion of the Universe has been
increasing, revealed by Type Ia supernovae. Supporting
evidence comes from studies of global geometry,
structure formation, cosmic age, and galaxy
clustering. They leave little doubt that in some sense
Einstein's "cosmological constant" is a reality. The
energy of the Universe is dominated by empty space
whose gravitational effect is to pull the Universe
apart.

Accelerating universe and the conservation law of the
amount of speed;
The conservation law the amount of speed is able
explain the accelerating expansion of the Universe.
The conservation law the amount of speed is result
able of Theory of CPH. In fact all principles and laws
that had been accepted are result able of Theory of
CPH. Theory of CPH is based on a definition of CPH and
a principle of CPH.

Definition of CPH
From the relation E=hfƒz ƒnwe have:

E1=hfƒz, ƒnE2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed
by D), so:

m=h/c2=7x10-49 kg

Take: m(CPH)=7x10-49 kg, we can show that the mass
of a photon
with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f.
The difference between the photons is in n (the number
of CPH.)
By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all
particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...)
are formed by many CPH.

The Principle of CPH:
The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves
with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and
without any external forces in all inertial frames. So
that:

grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space

The external forces can not increasing or decreasing
the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the
factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from
straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it
is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from
each other and absorb each other. And this action and
reaction continue till distance between them reaches
to near zero.
Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S
in t time in an inertial frame, then:

S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0

or ax+ay+az=0

A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along
movement with object. When object passes in the
Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of
CPH changing from transferred condition to other
motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F
applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH
and Newton¡¦s second law we can write:

F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay)

The above relation means that the amount of speed of
CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of
speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis
increases or decreases, such speed of object increases
or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of
object does change and it accelerates (positive or
negative relativity the observer).

The Conservation Law of The Amount of Speed
Suppose atom1 formed with n1 CPH, atom2 formed with n2
CPH and so on. Summations the amount of speed CPH that
are in atoms are n1Vc, n2Vc and so on, in any inertial
frame. Suppose all of CPH that universe did form with
of them is equal n CPH. So the summation the amounts
of speed in universe is equal S=nVc. Any CPH has a
linear motion and other movement with objects or other
particles.
Any explosion does change other motion of CPH to
linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion
of universe does increase. Sun does emit 4x10 power 12
kg per second. When sun¡¦s light or particles reach to
earth, their linear momentums do transfer to earth. So
earth takes acceleration. We know any star does burst
and they do emit a lot of CPH to space. So the linear
momentum of bodies increases and they accelerate. So
universe has acceleration.
If explosion of bodies was being equal of production
of other bodies, universe has not any acceleration.

Best regards
Hossein javadi

* Reference; Scientific Goals and Missions

Email; javadi_hossein@...
javadi_hossein@...






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