Theory of CPH

Schema;
In classical mechanics and relativity have been
accepted that repulsive gravitational force and
limitation of speed are two separable items. But
repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed
depend to each other in theory of CPH.

Questionable deductions;
The Einstein｡ｦs theorem about being stable the speed
of light is a principle and the 1st law of Newton's
laws is a principle. The principles are witnessing
perception, like Euclid｡ｦs geometry's principles. Also
we know a principle, be true since there were not any
other against effect to opposite it.
Let mention on this point that, this principle is true
as the experienced trust. It means, we do not envisage
to the any against idea or theorem or event, since
offering this idea.
With modern physics, light｡ｦs speed in vacuum is the
same and we have not any answer about this to say why?

I think the solution of the above questionable
deductions is finding the answer of this question why
the speed of light is constant? Thus, the structure of
my question is not, is the speed of light stable true?
I will ask let we do not stop on this principle. Let
we trying to know why this principle is true? You know
it is believable that many of discovers was happened
when scientists did not stop on a principle. For
example the fifth｡ｦs Euclid principle is one of them.
Geometry did development when mathematicians did ask;
why this principle is true? I have been believed that
we must consider the Newton's second law and Quantum
mechanics and Relativity at the same time.
I suggest we start by studying the structure of
photon.

The Structure of Photon:
For explain the structure of photon, let take a new
look at the effect of gravity field on photons. I
endeavored to have a new different looking to the
effect of Gravitation on the photon. We will be
applied by known physics laws. By these reasons I
studied these two Relations: E=m c2 and E=hf ハby
carefully. Then I found that the photon is formed by
many particles that I called them Creation Particles
HIGGS or CPH. Below I defined the CPH and had been
working on structure of photon to explain the
phenomenon.

Definition of CPH
From the relation E=hfホ ハwe have:

E1=hfホ, ハE2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed
by D), so:

m=h/c2=7x10 power minus 49 kg

Take: m(CPH)=7x10 power minus 49 kg, we can show
that the mass of a photon
with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f.
The difference between the photons is in n (the number
of CPH.)
By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all
particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...)
are formed by many CPH.
Also By according W=fd=DE, (Delta signed by D), we can
show that the amount of gravity force that is need to
produce m=7x10 power minus 49 kg is equal;

F=2.8x10 power minus 33 N

That the amount of force that a graviton does carry.

The Principle of CPH:
The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves
with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and
without any external forces in all inertial frames. So
that:

grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space

The external forces can not increasing or decreasing
the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the
factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from
straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it
is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from
each other and absorb each other. And this action and
reaction continue till distance between them reaches
to near zero.
Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S
in t time in an inertial frame, then:

S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0

or ax+ay+az=0

A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along
movement with object. When object passes in the
Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of
CPH changing from transferred condition to other
motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F
applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH
and Newton｡ｦs second law we can write:

F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay)

The above relation means that the amount of speed of
CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of
speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis
increases or decreases, such speed of object increases
or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of
object does change and it accelerates (positive or
negative relativity the observer).

The Limitations in Universe
Newton's laws show that there is not limitation for
velocity. Also there is not limitation for increasing
mass in a part of universe. Relativity shows there is
a limitation for velocity and it is c. But by consider
the mass relativity there is not any limitation for
mass (or mass-energy).
Einstein in General Relativity shows that the geometry
of space depends to mass and density of mass in space.
Mass does bending the space. But this bending of space
reaches to what, is impossibility to have a good
foresight.
Also let take a new look at relation F= - dU/dx. .
And please remember that the speed of gravity force
has limit, and gravity force moves with light｡ｦs speed
as (in relativity).
Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship
between gravity force and potential energy. It did
grow into habit that physicists consider to right side
of above relation. This is a fact that U does change
of a point (as high) to another point. Question is
that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or
no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its
potential energy does change. Does gravity force of
earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with
this movement and force doing push object toward
earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By consider
the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object｡ｦs
kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity
force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes
to potential energy.
I have been believed that there is not any infinity in
the universe.
The limitation of velocity is not c, it is Vc, and Vc
>c and human never can measure it.
The velocity of mass has a limitation, but it is not
c. The limitation of speed in a frame (inertial or no
inertial) depends to forces in frame. And the
limitation of speed in an inertial frame is the speed
of graviton in it. And usually the speed of graviton
is greater than light｡ｦs speed. Because a part of
CPH｡ｦs linear speed loses in photon by interaction
between each other. When the velocity of an object
increases, spin and other motion of CHP those are in
object, changes to linear motion. So radius of
electron｡ｦs orbit decreases, and radius of nuclear
deceases and volume of atom decreases until CPH
contact each other and object does explode. So never
the velocity of an object reaches to limitation of
speed. .
Although the growing of mass has a limitation and when
the amount of mass reaches to its limit, the CPH do
not obey from external forces and body explodes. The
limitation of mass is that the all of CPH｡ｦs motion
changes to spin, then CPH do not obey of external
force and body explodes.

Falling
Earth has gravity field. Gravity field forms of many
CPH that are moving toward the earth and they are
interacting with which other. Suppose earth is alone
and there is not any interaction between earth and
other bodies in universe. When CPHs reach to earth,
they absorb by earth and CPHs obey of forces that exit
there. But earth is not alone and it does interaction
with other bodies. Take a look at earth and moon.
There are two fields; one is around the earth and
other is around the moon. When a CPH reaches to earth,
other one moves toward the moon and pushing earth
toward moon. Also when a CPH reaches to moon, other
one moves toward the earth and pushing moon toward the
earth. So that Fe=Fm.
Suppose a stone is on the surface of earth. The system
(earth and stone) is at equilibrium to replying CPH. I
take it and shooting upward the earth. I give a lot
CPH to stone upward the earth and it takes velocity v
and kinetic energy 1/2mv2. But stone is moving in
earth｡ｦs gravitational field. There are many CPH that
are moving toward earth. CPH has mass equal m(cph) and
velocity c (it has spin and calls graviton). A CPH of
gravity field collides with a CPH in stone and putting
it out of stone, itself goes far of stone, or goes
toward the other particles in stone.
Suppose a CPH that calls A in gravity field is moving
toward the earth and reaches to a CPH on an electron
in stone that calls B. A and B contact with each
other, and A comes back to earth gravity and B moves
with speed c toward the nuclear of atom, and contact
with a CPH in nuclear. B stays in nuclear and another
CPH leaves nuclear and so on till a CPH leaves stone.
And it pushing stone toward the earth. A flow of CPH
comes to pass between all particles and atoms in
stone. Also a flow of CPH comes to pass between stone
and earth. Intensity of current between stone and
earth depends to earth mass (as M) and stone｡ｦs mass
(m+1/2mv2) and theirs distance. Intensity of current
decreasing until that v reaches to zero. Then stone
accelerates toward the earth. In this case interaction
between gravity field｡ｦs CPH and object｡ｦs CPH depends
to velocity of object.
Suppose a photon is falling toward the surface of a
star. By consider GR when a photon is falling in a
gravity field, the speed and frequency of photon
increases. So in gravity field the limitation of speed
depends to Intensity of g. And the speed of graviton
is equal the limitation of speed in gravity field.
When the speed of light reaches to limitation of speed
in gravity field, the speed and frequency of photon
does not changes. So, the limitation of speed in
earth｡ｦs gravity field is not the speed of light. And
it is the speed of graviton.

Collision;
Suppose shot A with mass m and velocity v is moving
toward the shot B with mass m that is rest (masses are
equal). They collide each other. Suppose after
collision A is stable and B moves with velocity v.
Before collision:
Shot A; relativity mass is m+1/2mv2, shot B m.
Please remember the Newton｡ｦs first law.
All of CPH in A are moving with their inertia same as
A.
After collision;
Shot A; relativity mass is m, shot B m+1/2mv2.

In during the collision force FA acting on B. Many of
CPH leave A and arrive at B. Their masses are equal
1/2mv2. In during the collision interaction between A
and B is force acting. In during the collision A｡ｦs
energy changes to force, and applied on B. The
reaction of leaving CPH is force that applied on A.
So, FA=FB, and observer see that FA=dmv/dt, and
FB=dmv/dt. In during the collision, kinetic energy
equal 1/2mv2 changes to force, and force acts on B. In
other word when A reaches to B, n CPH with sum mass
equal 1/2mv2 transfers from A to B.
It implies the equivalency of force, energy and mass.
In this regard force, energy and mass are interpreted
as different manifestation of the physical entity.
The Force is quantized and lesser quantum of force is
the amount of force that can produce a CPH.
By considering this principle all physical phenomenon
are justifiable. Also by considering the fact that the
CPH always moves with a constant amount of speed, no
time has been passed from its lifetime, in other words
no time has been passed from the world｡ｦs life and any
effort for determining the world's life will come to a
failure. So, the source of time depends on external
forces.
For accepting this comment it is enough to change our
assumption from mass and energy and force, do not
believe any specified border between them. In other
words the constant of light｡ｦs speed is not only
emerging from a natural accident but the amount of
this speed is always constant, even when energy is in
form of force.
If we would like talking about only one conservation
law to explain the nature, (physical law) that
conservation law is the conservation law of force.

Redshift is Common effect
Let take a new look at relations F=Gm1m2/r2 and F= -
dU/dx. .
And please remember that the speed of gravity force
has limit, and gravity force moves with light｡ｦs speed
as (in relativity).
Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship
between gravity force and potential energy. It did
grow into habit that physicists consider to right side
of above relation. This is a fact that U does change
of a point (as high) to another point. Question is
that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or
no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its
potential energy does change. Does gravity force of
earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with
this movement and force doing push object toward
earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By consider
the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object｡ｦs
kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity
force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes
to potential energy.
I ask you please do not stop on the above conception.
Suppose a solid object has mass m at high h. It falls
toward the earth. It takes kinetic energy that gives
with equation 1/2mv2=mgh in during falling. When
object reaches to earth, its kinetic energy changes to
other energies like heat or electromagnetic energy (by
spark). Suppose when object stay on the surface of
earth its mass is m (its mass at high h is equal on
earth).
In during that object was falling, it did take kinetic
energy equal 1/2mv2. Why did increase object｡ｦs
kinetic energy? Cause gravity force did act on it.
Now take a new look at the left side of relation F= -
dU/dx and remember deltaU=1/2mv2.
In during that object was falling, gravity force
converted to kinetic energy (by consider the
relativity gravity force changed to mass).
So, gravity force has mass. In the other word gravity
field is weakly mass. The movement of object (it was
falling) is medium to conversion gravity force to
energy and vice versa.

Blueshift and Redshift
When a photon is falling toward the earth, its kinetic
energy increases same as other objects. So, the
frequency of photon increases and changes to high
frequency. Observer saw that photon shifts toward the
blue frequency. Gravity force converts to
electromagnetic energy. A quantum of gravity force
(graviton) is that does change the photon｡ｦs frequency
from f to f+1.
When photon is moving upward the earth, its frequency
shifts toward the red. Suppose a photon does form on
the surface of a black hole. Photon is unable escapes
of its gravity field. Photon shifts toward red and
gradually all of photon｡ｦs energy converts to gravity
force.

The Range of gravity field
The universal gravitational law shows that the range
of gravity force is infinity. So, earth｡ｦs gravity
force does effect on all of things that are in
universe. Suppose earth did formed x years ago. A star
is at distance y light years of earth and y>x. The
earth｡ｦs gravity field had not been reaching to star
yet. Cause by considers relativity the speed of
graviton is c. When star｡ｦs gravity force does reach
to earth, earth to reaction of it sends a graviton
toward the star. This graviton is pushing earth toward
the star, as same star｡ｦs graviton is pushing star.
Suppose an object leaves earth and it is moving toward
the Mars. A graviton that is coming of moon and it is
pushing moon, reaches to object. When this graviton
arrives to object, another graviton leaves object and
pushing object toward the moon. So, the range of
gravity field has limitation, and it is not infinity.


Does shift earth toward red and blue?
Redhift and blueshift is using for light. But this
effect is common effect. Suppose a photon is moving
upward the earth. A graviton leaves it and moving
toward earth. When this graviton reaches to earth,
another graviton leaves earth and moving toward
photon. By consider the speed of graviton and photon,
in during that earth｡ｦs graviton is passing distance
between earth and photon, photon has a displacement
equal d. (speed of graviton is greater than light｡ｦs
speed). It is probability that graviton never reaches
to photon and absorbs by other thing and arrives to it
and another graviton leaves it and moving toward the
earth. So, the photon｡ｦs graviton leaves it forever
and addition to earth gravity field.
When a photon shifts toward red in earth field, earth
shifts toward blue. In interaction between earth and
stars, earth shifts toward red. Please remember that
there are many stars in universe that they are moving
very fast and theirs speed are near the light｡ｦs
speed.
An observer on this star saw that earth shifts toward
red.

Black hole:

Schema;
By according the formal physics black holes are
thought to form from stars or other massive objects if
and when they collapse from their own gravity to form
an object whose density is increase.
Let take a new look at a black hole｡ｦs born by
according the CPH Theory. In This letter by according
the relation F= - dU/dx I will explain when a star
does emit photons and other particle, the density of
gravity increases. Then star does collapse.

At first time John Michell published an article about
the black hole in 1783. In 1799 Pierre Simon Laplace
proofed that a great body maybe a black hole. A black
hole is a body that light cannot escape from its
gravity field. How happens this case?
Pierre Simon Laplace did give the relation
VR=(2GM/R)1/2 for escape velocity. When VR is equal or
greater than c, there is a black hole.
The escapes velocities for some bodies are these:
The escape velocity on earth is 11.2 km/s
The escape velocity on moon is 2.25 km/s
The escape velocity on sun is 600 km/s
When on a great body the escape velocity is greater
than light｡ｦs speed, it calls black hole.

A Black Hole Is Born
Black holes are thought to form from stars or other
massive objects if and when they collapse from their
own gravity to form an object whose density is
infinite. In during most of a star's lifetime, nuclear
fusion in the core generates electromagnetic
radiation, including photons, the particles of light.
This radiation exerts an outward pressure that exactly
balances the inward pull of gravity caused by the
star's mass.
As the nuclear fuel is exhausted, the outward forces
of radiation diminish, allowing the gravitation to
compress the star inward. The contraction of the core
causes its temperature to rise and allows remaining
nuclear material to be used as fuel. The star is saved
from further collapse, but only for a while. If the
star is sufficiently massive or compressible, it may
collapse to a black hole. If it is less massive or
made of stiffer material, its fate is different: it
may become a white dwarf or a neutron star.

CPH Theory and Black Hole｡ｦs Born
Let take a new look at relations F=Gm1m2/r2 and F= -
dU/dx. .
Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship
between gravity force and potential energy. It did
grow into habit that physicists consider to right side
of above relation. This is a fact that U does change
of a point (as high) to another point. Question is
that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or
no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its
potential energy does change. Does gravity force of
earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with
this movement and force doing push object toward
earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By according
the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object｡ｦs
kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity
force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes
to potential energy.
I ask you please do not stop on the above conception.
Suppose a atom takes escape velocity on the surface of
star. In during atom is moving upward, it loses its
kinetic energy, what happened to gravity field?
We can explain it by according photon｡ｦs red shift.
When photon is leaving a star, its frequency shifts
toward the red. So the Photon｡ｦs energy does decrease.

So when a star is emitting particles, the strongly of
gravity force on it does increase. In the other word
when a star is emitting particles, in fact a lot of
its mass does convert to gravity force. And the
exerting outward pressure on star does strongly, then
star does contraction. And then the balance between
inward radiations exerts and outward pressure of
gravity force does change speedy. The star collapse
and a black hole are born.
All of our ideas about the universe formed by our
experiences on the earth. There are mass, energy and
force in the earth. We never can find an object
without one or two of them in the earth. But it is not
meaning that there are not any pure force or pure
energy in universe. A black hole can be formed only by
pure force. Every thing that falls in a black hole
maybe changes to force. So a black hole can forms by
tree kind of material or only by force. The structure
of a black hole is not comparison able with other
stars.

Absolute Black hole;
Suppose there is a black hole that there is V=L. it is
absolute black hole that nothing escape of it.
No object, no light and no other electromagnetic waves
are able escape of it. Never receive any signal of it
to us. We see a absolute dark part in sky. There the
straight velocity of CPH is so near zero. Big Bang
happened of a black hole stronger than it.
I think L and V are very important constants for any
bodies, especially for explaining the kinds of black
holes.
When V=L, graviton is unable goes far of it. Graviton
is able moving in its gravity field, only.
Any observers are unable to feel it.
When V is a little smaller than L. In interaction
between black hole and other bodies, gravity wave
and electromagnetic waves with very long wavelength
escape of it. And so on.

Repulsive gravitational force and dark energy on my
theory;
In classical mechanics and relativity have been
accepted that repulsive gravitational force and
limitation of speed are two separable items. But I
have been believed that this opinion is incorrect.
Repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed
are depends to each other. I will try explaining that
two above items is inseparable.
Suppose v is the linear speed of graviton. What
happens when v reaches to zero?
It never happens, but v can reaches to near zero.
Black hole absorbs particles and objects. Its density
increases, so gravity force does strongly so much.
When v reaches to zero, in other word all motions of
CPH had been changed to spin, body takes critical
conditions.
If this black hole absorbs other objects or to
reaction with other body, CPHs do not obey of external
force and black hole explodes. And a part of universe
does expanding.
Suppose another explosion happens other space of
universe. Some bodies start their travel toward the
bodies of last explosion.
Our universe was born by a black hole｡ｦs explosion.
All bodies in our universe are interaction with bodies
in other universes.
The center of explosion is like the center of great
bodies. There external force is near zero in the
center of explosion. So, there interaction between
particles and atoms do without the effect of a
considerable external force. Also the center of
explosion is an especially point in observable
universe. All bodies are interaction to center of
explosion and receive any particles to them from it
and go from bodies to center of explosion. In center
of explosion interaction between particles produce new
particles.
The center explosion｡ｦs productions start their
travels toward all side of universe. Suppose A is a
particle that leaves the earth toward the center of
explosion. Earth takes acceleration of A. In center of
explosion particles A, B, C, and D interaction with
each other. And produces particles A｡ｦ, B｡ｦ, C｡ｦ, and
D｡ｦ. Particle A｡ｦ travels toward the earth, and when
reaches to earth gives a new acceleration to it.
In my theory the geometry of universe is not that
Newton said or Einstein propounded.
Universe is infinite in all directions, but it is part
by part. Every part is a sub universe that has itself
geometry.

Universe accelerates by dark energy or conservation
law the amount of speed?

Schema;
If the universe is flat and expanding ever faster,
some invisible, unidentified energy must be offsetting
gravity. In the beginning, when matter was close
together and the universe was dense, gravitational
attraction was much stronger. Now that matter is far
apart and the density of the universe is low, this
mysterious energy is pushing space itself outward at
an accelerating rate. Its nature is unknown.

Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe *
Deep as Einstein's general theory of relativity may
be, it remains silent on a profound question: Is empty
space really empty? Inflation models predict that it
was not so in the past, and it may not be so today
either. Einstein introduced a "cosmological constant"
into his equations, to represent the possibility that
even empty space has energy and couples to gravity.
The unknown magnitude of the cosmological constant is
set by parts of physics beyond Einstein's
understanding---and, at present, our own.
The new discovery that the expansion of the Universe
appears to be accelerating suggests the presence of
something dubbed "dark energy" that drives space
apart. It seems likely that we have roughly measured
the value of a cosmological constant or something like
it.
This new discovery already widely accepted because it
explains many observations. The first indication was
that the rate of expansion of the Universe has been
increasing, revealed by Type Ia supernovae. Supporting
evidence comes from studies of global geometry,
structure formation, cosmic age, and galaxy
clustering. They leave little doubt that in some sense
Einstein's "cosmological constant" is a reality. The
energy of the Universe is dominated by empty space
whose gravitational effect is to pull the Universe
apart.

Accelerating universe and the conservation law of the
amount of speed;
The conservation law the amount of speed is able
explain the accelerating expansion of the Universe.
The conservation law the amount of speed is result
able of Theory of CPH. In fact all principles and laws
that had been accepted are result able of Theory of
CPH. Theory of CPH is based on a definition of CPH and
a principle of CPH.

Definition of CPH
From the relation E=hfホ ハwe have:

E1=hfホ, ハE2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed
by D), so:

m=h/c2=7x10-49 kg

Take: m(CPH)=7x10-49 kg, we can show that the mass
of a photon
with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f.
The difference between the photons is in n (the number
of CPH.)
By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all
particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...)
are formed by many CPH.

The Principle of CPH:
The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves
with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and
without any external forces in all inertial frames. So
that:

grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space

The external forces can not increasing or decreasing
the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the
factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from
straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it
is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from
each other and absorb each other. And this action and
reaction continue till distance between them reaches
to near zero.
Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S
in t time in an inertial frame, then:

S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0

or ax+ay+az=0

A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along
movement with object. When object passes in the
Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of
CPH changing from transferred condition to other
motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F
applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH
and Newton｡ｦs second law we can write:

F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay)

The above relation means that the amount of speed of
CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of
speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis
increases or decreases, such speed of object increases
or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of
object does change and it accelerates (positive or
negative relativity the observer).

The Conservation Law of The Amount of Speed
Suppose atom1 formed with n1 CPH, atom2 formed with n2
CPH and so on. Summations the amount of speed CPH that
are in atoms are n1Vc, n2Vc and so on, in any inertial
frame. Suppose all of CPH that universe did form with
of them is equal n CPH. So the summation the amounts
of speed in universe is equal S=nVc. Any CPH has a
linear motion and other movement with objects or other
particles.
Any explosion does change other motion of CPH to
linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion
of universe does increase. Sun does emit 4x10 power 12
kg per second. When sun｡ｦs light or particles reach to
earth, their linear momentums do transfer to earth. So
earth takes acceleration. We know any star does burst
and they do emit a lot of CPH to space. So the linear
momentum of bodies increases and they accelerate. So
universe has acceleration.
If explosion of bodies was being equal of production
of other bodies, universe has not any acceleration.

Gravity Storm;
Bodies started their motion and did go far center of
explosion, after than Big Bang had happened. Bodies
were going far each other and they were impressionable
other bodies. so, when a body has been going far of
other bodies, its kinetic energy has been changing to
CPH and has been arriving it. CPH has been moving all
sides of universe, especially toward the center of
explosion. When CPHs reach to them at a space from
many bodies, they have different directions. It is
like a pool that many tubes with different directions
are feeding water to pool. CPH create storm gravity.
We can not see gravity force, so when we are looking
at a point of space, there is no any visible things.
But storm gravity produces any particle or photon or
mass and feed to universe. And we saw many kinds beam
of particle receive to earth. But we never can see the
source of these particles.

Some observations By Theory of CPH
The Newton｡ｦs first law
Definition and the principle of CPH are can able to
explain every phenomenon. And every law is result
able. CPH has linear motion without any external
force. Every objects form with a number of CPH.
Without any external force, all particles in this
object are bounded with internal forces. The object｡ｦs
inertia depends to inertia of CPHs that object forms
of them. Without any external force object｡ｦs motion
is straight motion.

The conservation law of momentum
The momentum of CPH is constant. The external force
changes its linear momentum to angular momentum and
vice versa. So, the momentum is conserve in any
inertial frame and any space.

Dilation time
The speed of CPH is constant and moves by limitation
of speed. So, no time passes of CPH. Seems that time
depends to external force. External force can not
changes the amount of speed of CPH. But external force
can changes the speed of objects. So, time is for
objects only. Any object has a time life and its time
life depends to external force.

Length Contraction
When the linear speed of an object increases that an
external force applied on it in direction of linear
speed. So, other motion of CPH like spin and arbitrary
motion changes to linear motion. The radius of
electron｡ｦs orbit decreases and bulk of atoms
decreases. The bulk of atom decreases until CPHs do
contact with each other and any contact between the
CPHs, they go far from each other and system explodes.
So, volume never reaches to zero.

The Conservation Law of Mass-Energy
Classical mechanic had two conservation laws. One was
the conservation law of mass, and other was the
conservation law of energy. We know these laws are
correct at closed systems only. In a closed system
energy is conserved, so in a closed system momentum is
conserved.
Relativity propounded the conservation law of
mass-energy. Evidence show it is correct. Mass and
energy are two changeable quantities. We know the
conservation law of mass-energy is correct. Mass
changes to energy and energy changes to mass.
But it is a questionable deduction. Are there mass and
energy in universe, only?
Suppose universe is a closed system. This supposition
is acceptable.
Did form universe of mass and energy only?
There is not other thing in universe?
All evidence shows that objects take energy in fields.
When an electron accelerates in an electrical field,
it takes energy.
In this case mass does not changes to energy. Field
produces energy.
When an object accelerates by force, it takes energy.
Also in this case mass does not changes to energy.
Field produces energy.
So the conservation law of mass-energy is not correct
in universe.
We can find space between stars that there is force
only and there is empty of mass and energy. We never
can find any closed system that there were mass and
energy, only.
But suppose there is a really closed system and it is
isolate of others. No external force applied on this
closed system. Suppose the summation of all energies
is equal x, and summation of mass is equal y kg. There
happens a nuclear explosion and z kg mass changes to
energy. What happens for nuclear forces? They do go to
nothing?
All evidence show there is a relationship between
force and energy.
Force and energy is convertible.
Field is weakly energy.

Fundamental forces
All forces are particles. Every field does form by
flowing of their particles that come to pass between
sources. The force particle and its source are same.
Mass and gravity force are same, mass is convertible
to gravity force, and vise versa and so on. Also,
force and energy is convertible. In this letter I am
trying to explain gravity force and electric force and
nuclear strong force particles.

Gravity force
Earth has gravity field. Gravity field forms of many
CPH that are moving toward the earth and they are
interacting with which other. Suppose earth is alone
and there is not any interaction between earth and
other bodies in universe. When CPH reach to earth,
they absorb by earth and CPH obey of forces that exit
there. But earth is not alone and it does interaction
with other bodies. Take a look at earth and moon.
There are two fields; one is around the earth and
other is around the moon. When a CPH reaches to earth,
other one moves toward the moon and pushing earth
toward moon. Also when a CPH reaches to moon, other
one moves toward the earth and pushing moon toward the
earth. So that Fe=Fm. There is a current of CPH
between earth and other objects. Also this current
exists between every object and others.

Nuclear Strong Force Particle
The nuclear strong field is same as gravity field.
When a proton is alone, like the hydrogen atom, there
is not any flow between it and other protons.
Proton has positive charge. Also it has spin. Suppose
two protons are moving toward each other. There are
two resistances for contraction them. One is electric
charge and another is spin. Any contact between these
protons, they go far from each other. But when they
have high energy, energy produces an attractive force
between them. Then distance between protons goes to
near zero. Proton keeps its spin and electric charge.
And nuclear has spin. In a heavy nuclear there are
many flow of strong force current between each other.
Suppose there are twenty protons and neutron in a
nuclear that call A, B, C, D｡Ketc. Then a current of
strong force particles is between A and B, also a
current is between A and C.etc. When a strong force
particle from A reaches to B, another leaves B toward
the A and pushing it toward B and so on.
Nucleus has spin, also protons and neutrons have spin
in nucleus. So, when a strong force particle leaves a
proton one side of nucleus toward the other side, it
passes a very twisted path. These currents cover the
nucleus and a strong field does form. the radius of
field depends to path of current nuclear strong force.

By consider the above seems that the nuclear strong
force particle does find by energy. Also, gravity
force produces energy; so nuclear strong force
particle does form by graviton.

Electricity force
There are two electricity charges. Negative charge
shows with N and positive charge that shows with P.
Also there two electric force, one is attractive that
shows with A, and repulsive force that shows with R.
Suppose an electric force particle is moving. It
reaches to another electric force particle. They
combine which other and produce two new electric force
particles. Productions are attractive or repulsive as
following;

N+P=2A
N+N=2R
P+P=2R

Explain;
Negative charge and negative charge;
Suppose N leaved an electron1 and is moving that
reaches to other N that is coming of electron2. They
combine and do convert to two R (repulsive force).
They repulsive each other and do go far. One of them
moves toward electron1 and shutting it far of
electron2. Electron1 accelerates and escape of
electron2. When electron1 accelerates R convert to N
and leaves it. For electron2 happens same action.

Positive charge and positive charge;
It is same as Negative charge and negative charge.

Positive charge and negative charge;
N leaved an electron and is moving that reaches to P
that is coming of a proton. They combine and do
convert to two A. They leave each other and do move
toward the electron and proton. When one of them
reaches electron, it does pushing it toward the proton
and another N leaves electron. For proton happens same
function. When A reaches to proton, pushing it toward
the electron. Then it converts to P and leaves proton.

Result1;
In nucleus protons emit positive force particles. But
when they reach to each other, they convert to
repulsive force particles. So, positive force particle
is electric force particle in during that leaves
proton until reaches to another electric positive
force particle.
So, the affect of electric charge in nucleus is
different of other cases.

Result2;
When two protons move toward each other with high
energy, there is not any nuclear strong force. When
they do combine each other, energy does change to
nuclear strong force. So, by consider CPH theory, all
forces form of CPH and they are particles.

Why has acceleration the expanding of universe?

By according Theory of CPH every thing do form by CPH.
And CPH moves with linear speed Vc without any
external forces.

So that; grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any
space

It means the summation the amounts of speed in
universe is constant.
Suppose there are n CPH in universe. The summation the
amounts of speed in universe is equal nVc. Any CPH has
a linear motion and other movement with objects.
So any explosion does change other motion of CPH to
linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion
of universe does increase. We know any star does
burst. So the linear motion increases by every burst.
So seems that the universe has acceleration.
(See appendix). If explosion of bodies was being equal
of production of other bodies, universe has not any
acceleration.

Matrix of fundamental force
I had defined CPH in Theory of CPH.
CPH moves with constant linear speed Vc without any
external forces.
Vc is limitation of speed in universe.

So that; grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any
space

When CPH has spin, it calls graviton. CPH is gravity
force and graviton does carry gravity force (see
following appendix).

Suppose two CPH are moving with speed Vc , Distance
between them is R.
We can choice two matrix 2x2.

Matrix1;
Line1; R , 0
Line2; 0 , ｡V R
Cause distance has direction.


Matrix2;
Line1; CPH , 0
Line2; 0 , CPH

Matrix1 cross Matrix2 give MatrixA;

MatrixA;
Line1; torque1 , 0
Line2; 0 , - torque1

Torque1 is equal RxCPH. That means a CPH starts its
rotation.
By according the grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and
any space
CPH take spin. One of them takes right spin and other
one takes left spin.
Then graviton does find.
Distance between them decreases and their spin do
increase.
When R goes to near zero, the unit of energy does
find. We call it CPH2, it means there are two CPH.
CPH2 has not spin. It is the least (smallest) quantum
of energy.

Matrix3;
Line1; d , 0
Line2; 0 , - d

Matrix4;
Line1; CPH2 , 0
Line2; 0 , CPH

Matrix3 cross Matrix4 gives B

Matrix B;
Line1; torque2 , 0
Line2; 0 , - torque1

CPH2 and CPH take spin. Then photon does find spin.
Distance between CPH2 and CPH goes to near zero and
CPH3 does find. In the other word a photon with
frequency 3 does find. Also it has spin.

Our universe was born by a Big Bang. All bodies in our
universe have interaction with each other. Also all
bodies have interaction to center of explosion and it
is an especial point in observable universe. There
have been receiving many gravitons of other bodies in
center of explosion. There is interaction between
gravitons very speedy.
But the center of explosion is like the center of
great bodies. The external force is near zero in the
center of explosion. And particles that do produce
start their travels toward all side of universe.
Suppose a lot of CPH reach there. When density of CPH
increase in space, then interaction does speedy.

Choice two Matrixes nxn

Matrix of distances;
Line1; d1 , 0 , 0 , 0 . ｡K
Line2; 0, d2 , 0 , 0 , ｡K

Line k; all members are zero and there is dk in column
k, and di is distance.

Matrix of CPH
Line1; CPH , 0 , 0 , ｡K
Line2; 0 , CPH , 0 ,0 , ｡K

Line k; all members are zero and there is a CPH in
column k.

Matrix of distance cross Matrix of CPH
Then interaction between them produces a lot of
photons or other particle.

Particle force and Field
Force is quantized and lesser quantum of force is the
amount of force that can produce a CPH. We can
calculate the force F that used for produce a CPH in
Pound and Rebka's experiment that they did at 1960 in
Harvard University. Gamma｡ｦs wave has about 1020 CPH,
and in this experiment d was 22.5m. By according this
experiment we can calculate that a graviton carries a
force a bout

F=2.8x10 power minus 33 N

By calculate we can find the gravity force between
electron and proton in hydrogen atom that is equal
Fg=3.7x10 power minus 47 N

CPH does come to pass between electron and proton
constantly. By consider the velocity of CPH and
distance between electron and proton in atom; all CPH
in structure of proton and electron do change several
times in a second. In what time all of earth｡ｦs CPH
does change?
The electric force between electron and proton in
hydrogen atom is equal:

Fe=8.1x10 power minus 8 N
So, the electric force particle is very stronger than
gravity force particle.
When electron is on its orbit in atom, the interaction
of electric force is between it and proton only. So
atom is neutral. Electron leaves its orbit. Let call
it electron A. Suppose there are a few free electric
charges (positive and negative). Electron A does
reaction with them. Then a few electrons leave their
orbits in that space. Electron A does reaction with
new charges. But the effect of electron A on charges
does not change. How can explain it?
By according the electric field, there is a stable
electric field around the electron and it is able
affects to many charges. It is not acceptable. But by
according the CPH theory it is explainable.
When an electric effect of a new charge reaches to
electron A, electron A produces a particle electric
force by gravitons that are around it. Electric charge
is an engine to produce electric force of gravitons.
When an electric is alone, it does condense gravitons
and send to space constantly. When it does neutral by
a positron or a proton, it does not produce and send
electric particle force.
When an electric field does change, gravitons
resistance with it. The graviton's reaction to
changing electric field is production a magnetic
field.

Nuclear Strong Force Particle
The production of nuclear strong force particle is
same as electric particle force.
When two protons have high energy, they produce a
strong attractive force between them. So, energy
produces the nuclear strong force particle. By
according the CPH Theory, CPH produces every
fundamental force.

Best regards
Hossein javadi




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