The article "A physical Model of the Electron According to the Basic
Structures of Matter Hypothesis" is published in Physics Essays, Vol.
16, No 9, 180-195, 2003, International journal dedicated to
fundamental questions in Physics (peer reviewed). The article was
submitted in 2002. It reveals important oscillating features of the
electron and its interaction with the space. Link to the article:
www.physicsessays.com

Hello,

This email message is a notification to let you know that
a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the matter-energy-gravitation
group.

   File        : /Distinguished
articles/Experimental/Smoot_Gorenstein_Muller_PRL.pdf
   Uploaded by : sarg137 <sarg137@...>
   Description : Detection of Anisotropy in the Cosmic Background Radiation

You can access this file at the URL:
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Regards,

sarg137 <sarg137@...>

Friends,

I am new to this group, but I have been taking part in electro-
gravitic discussions with other groups for some time now and you may
find some of the research and information interesting.  Please take a
quick look at some of the info they have if you are so inclined.

http://jnaudin.free.fr/lifters/main.htm

Regards,

-Jim

Hi Sarge,

Can you remind me where we met before, please?

About the "enormouse" experiment, Well, of course the
Ether exists. And all the new research points to that
being made up of 5th, 6th, a.s.o. dimensional items
which are not visible to us, as well as by sub-atomic
particles, vibrations, prions, etc.etc.

As for the details of the experiment made by our
learned colleague, I am overwhelmed! Grin!
And from the tone of your message I assume you are
also overwhelmed.

It is effectively very difficult sometimes to prove
the existance of something which we know to exist.

Regards, and thanks for letting me know.

Joseph Zaidan.
--- sarg137 <sarg137@...> wrote:
> The unique laboratory experiment provided by prof.
> Stefan Marinov is
> published in the peer reviewed journal "General
> Relativity and
> Gravitation", vol. 12, No.1, 1980. It overperforms
> methodically the
> Michelson-Morley experiment (and all other
> experiments related to the
> the same issue) and allows measurement of the Earth
> rotation around
> the Sun and the solar system rotation around the
> Milky way centre.
> The experiment according to prof. S. Marinov is
> possible to be
> replicated in any high school (and university)
> laboratory. The full
> article is scanned from the journal and posted in
> the group's folder:
> Files/Distinguished
> articles/Experimental/Measure_abs_velocity>
> The implications of this experiment on our vision
> about the space and
> the Universe are enormouse.
>
>
>





__________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
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The unique laboratory experiment provided by prof. Stefan Marinov is
published in the peer reviewed journal "General Relativity and
Gravitation", vol. 12, No.1, 1980. It overperforms methodically the
Michelson-Morley experiment (and all other experiments related to the
the same issue) and allows measurement of the Earth rotation around
the Sun and the solar system rotation around the Milky way centre.
The experiment according to prof. S. Marinov is possible to be
replicated in any high school (and university) laboratory. The full
article is scanned from the journal and posted in the group's folder:
Files/Distinguished articles/Experimental/Measure_abs_velocity>
The implications of this experiment on our vision about the space and
the Universe are enormouse.

Below an information is given about one of the greatest
experimenter of our time who was able to measure the velocity of the
Earth around the Sun and the solar system velocity around the Milky
way showing that the light velocity is directional dependent. The
most successful experiment is described in his article Measurement of
the Laboratory's Absolute Velocity, published in General Relativity
and Gravitation, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1980 (will be scanned and archived).
The Marinov's unique experiments now is a hot topic of discussion in
Internet. Marinov's vison about space is in full agreement with the
BSM concept. The Michelson-Morly experiment suffers of methodological
problem and the Fitzerald contraction is reasonable from the point of
view of BSM theory. Additionally one usefull paper from Ronald R.
Hatch, "In Search of an Ether Drift" (a President of Institute of
Navigation) shows why number of experiments methodologically fail to
confirm the Ether drift.
    One article describing of the Marinov's experiment (different than
in the article mentioned above) is archived in Files/Distinguished
Articles/Experimental/The_interrupted_rotating_disc_experiment.pdf

One useful website for Stefan Marinov is
http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~svezenk/ep6-marin.htm

-----------------------------------------------------

The interrupted 'rotating disc' experiment
S Marinov 1983 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 16 1885-1888

Czech. J. Phys. B (Czechoslovakia) B24 (1974) 965-70
The velocity of light is direction dependent
S. Marinov
Abstract. Performing the 'coupled-mirrors' experiment, the velocity
of light measured along a given track on the Earth's surface is found
to be different during the different hours of the day

Int. J. Theor. Phys. (UK) 13 (June 1975) 189-212
The experimental verification of the absolute space-time theory. I.
The fundamental conception of the absolute space-time theory
S. Marinov
Abstract. The fundamental postulate of the theory is the constancy of
light velocity only with respect to absolute space. This postulate
was proved right by the recently performed 'coupled-mirrors'
experiment (Marinov, 1974). It is shown that the so-called Newtonian
and Einstein time synchronisations lead respectively to the Galilean
and Lorentz transformations. Both types of synchronisation can be
practically realised, hence both corresponding transformations
describe the physical reality at low as well as at high velocities of
the material points. The conception that the Einstein time dilation
is an absolute phenomenon and the Lorentz length contraction a
fiction is defended

Int. J. Theor. Phys. (UK) 15 (Nov. 1976) 829-40
The second-order effects in the 'rotating disk' experiment
S. Marinov
Lab. Fundamental Phys. Problems, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract. The second-order in v/c effects are found in the four
different modifications of the 'rotating disk' experiment whose first-
order effects have been analyzed and the experimental results
obtained reported in another paper (Marinov, 1976). The differences
between the absolute space-time theory and the Newtonian ether theory
are within effects of second order in v/c. Experiments are proposed
for the measurement of the second-order effects on the 'rotating
disk' that can be considered as experimenta crucis between both
theories

Found. Phys. (USA) 8 (Feb. 1978) 137-56
Rotating disk experiments
S. Marinov
Lab. for Fundamental Phys. Problems, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract. The author considers the historic Harress-Sagnac experiment
(1912, 1913) in the light of an absolute space-time theory, proposing
two modifications, and he gives an account of its recent practical
performance. It is shown that the effect of the rotating disk
experiment is a direct result of the light velocity's direction
dependence and it is pointed out that the recently performed coupled-
mirrors experiment, with whose help for the first time the Earth's
absolute velocity was measured, can be considered as a logical result
of the rotating disk experiment

Found. Phys. (USA) 8 (Oct. 1978) 801-4
Comments on: 'A criticism of the 'absolute space-time theory'
S. Marinov
Lab. for Fundamental Phys. Problems, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract. A rebuttal is given of points of criticism raised by Vrcelj
(ibid., vol.8, p.797, 1978) against Marinov's absolute space-time
theory

Gen. Relativ. Gravit. (USA) 12 (Jan. 1980) 57-66
Measurement of the laboratory's absolute velocity
S. Marinov
Lab. for Fundamental Phys. Problems, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract. Describes a local measurement of the absolute velocity of a
laboratory. This is the resultant velocity due to all types of motion
in which the laboratory takes part (about the Earth's axis, about the
Sun, about the galactic center, about the center of the cluster of
galaxies)

Indian J. Phys. B (India) 55B (Oct. 1981) 403-18
Moving platform experiments
S. Marinov
Lab. for Fundamental Phys. Problems, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract. Proceeding from the authors' absolute space-time theory,
they calculate the effects of the drag-of-light experiments in which
medium and interferometer move inertially with respect to each other
or with respect to absolute space (called by us the moving platform
experiments). They give an account on the performance of all four
possible variants, three of which are carried out for the first time.
The results obtained confirm their predictions and, considered
together with the results of the rotating disk experiments, reveal
the failure of the principle of relativity. The authors consider
theoretically the phenomenon of drag of light aberration and propose
an experiment for its observation
Marinov Stefan, The experimental measurement of the one-way light
velocity and its possibilities for absolute velocity measurements,
Speculations in Science and Technology, vol. 3, No 1, 1980.

From other source:
1. Marinov Stefan, "Der Kugellager-Motor und der Huber-Effekt",
raum&zeit 32 (1988) 81-84
2. Marinov Stefan, "Repetition of Silvertooth's experiment for
measuring the aether drift", Speculations in Science and Technology
12 No.3 (1989) 187-179
3. Marinov Stefan, "Propulsive and Rotating Ampère Bridges and
the Principle of Relativity", Physics Essays 4 No.1 (1991) 30-36
4. Marinov Stefan, "The Missing Magnetic Force Law", Galilean
Electrodynamics 9 No.2 (March/April 1998) 35-37
5. S. Marinov, "Measurement of laboratory's absolute velocity",
Gen. Rel. and Grav., 12 No1, 1980, 57-66.
Extract from Bert Schreiber article:
ADDED March 1999:
	 Stefan Marinov (1931-1997) born in Sofia, Bulgaria, performed
in 1980 the equivalent toothed wheel light experiment used to measure
the speed of light as by Fizeau and Michelson.
The exception was, he used the  intensity measured to an order of 10-
5 accuracy. He therefore determined the pulse's absolute "Doppler
Effect" and determined the direction and speed of the Earth through
space. His value agreed with Silvertooth's.
end

	 Had Michelson used a pulse of light, like he did to measure
the speed of light using a toothed wheel, he would have found
that "aether drift" and then when his measurements were drifting all
over the place, that he should have realized he was detecting the
speed and direction of his apparatus through space and not any aether
drift effect.
	 In reality, the modifications required are much more complex
and not for here, but it could have been done. Now a moot point or
not needed anyway.

Please, try publishing shorter and concise messages, maximum to two
pages. Otherwise, the main issue will be lost. Try to provide
information that is obscured in the mainstream science literature. Do
not attempt to develop a detail analysis here. If you have original
idea it is reasonable to present it in your website. The mysteries in
the world will not be solved by abstract equations and tons of pages
but by detailed understanding of the processes.

Moderator

Theory of CPH

Schema;
In classical mechanics and relativity have been
accepted that repulsive gravitational force and
limitation of speed are two separable items. But
repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed
depend to each other in theory of CPH.

Questionable deductions;
The Einstein¡¦s theorem about being stable the speed
of light is a principle and the 1st law of Newton's
laws is a principle. The principles are witnessing
perception, like Euclid¡¦s geometry's principles. Also
we know a principle, be true since there were not any
other against effect to opposite it.
Let mention on this point that, this principle is true
as the experienced trust. It means, we do not envisage
to the any against idea or theorem or event, since
offering this idea.
With modern physics, light¡¦s speed in vacuum is the
same and we have not any answer about this to say why?

I think the solution of the above questionable
deductions is finding the answer of this question why
the speed of light is constant? Thus, the structure of
my question is not, is the speed of light stable true?
  I will ask let we do not stop on this principle. Let
we trying to know why this principle is true? You know
it is believable that many of discovers was happened
when scientists did not stop on a principle. For
example the fifth¡¦s Euclid principle is one of them.
Geometry did development when mathematicians did ask;
why this principle is true? I have been believed that
we must consider the Newton's second law and Quantum
mechanics and Relativity at the same time.
I suggest we start by studying the structure of
photon.

The Structure of Photon:
For explain the structure of photon, let take a new
look at the effect of gravity field on photons. I
endeavored to have a new different looking to the
effect of Gravitation on the photon. We will be
applied by known physics laws. By these reasons I
studied these two Relations: E=m c2 and E=hf ƒnby
carefully. Then I found that the photon is formed by
many particles that I called them Creation Particles
HIGGS or CPH. Below I defined the CPH and had been
working on structure of photon to explain the
phenomenon.

Definition of CPH
From the relation E=hfƒz ƒnwe have:

E1=hfƒz, ƒnE2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed
by D), so:

m=h/c2=7x10 power minus 49 kg

Take:  m(CPH)=7x10 power minus 49 kg,  we can show
that the mass of a photon
with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f.
The difference between the photons is in n (the number
of CPH.)
By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all
particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...)
are formed by many CPH.
Also By according W=fd=DE, (Delta signed by D), we can
show that the amount of gravity force that is need to
produce m=7x10 power minus 49 kg is equal;

F=2.8x10 power minus 33  N

That the amount of force that a graviton does carry.

The Principle of CPH:
The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves
with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and
without any external forces in all inertial frames. So
that:

grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space

The external forces can not increasing or decreasing
the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the
factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from
straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it
is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from
each other and absorb each other. And this action and
reaction continue till distance between them reaches
to near zero.
Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S
in t time in an inertial frame, then:

S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0

or ax+ay+az=0

A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along
movement with object. When object passes in the
Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of
CPH changing from transferred condition to other
motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F
applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH
and Newton¡¦s second law we can write:

F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay)

The above relation means that the amount of speed of
CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of
speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis
increases or decreases, such speed of object increases
or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of
object does change and it accelerates (positive or
negative relativity the observer).

The Limitations in Universe
Newton's laws show that there is not limitation for
velocity. Also there is not limitation for increasing
mass in a part of universe. Relativity shows there is
a limitation for velocity and it is c. But by consider
the mass relativity there is not any limitation for
mass (or mass-energy).
Einstein in General Relativity shows that the geometry
of space depends to mass and density of mass in space.
Mass does bending the space. But this bending of space
reaches to what, is impossibility to have a good
foresight.
Also let take a new look at relation F= - dU/dx. .
And please remember that the speed of gravity force
has limit, and gravity force moves with light¡¦s speed
as (in relativity).
Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship
between gravity force and potential energy. It did
grow into habit that physicists consider to right side
of above relation. This is a fact that U does change
of a point (as high) to another point. Question is
that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or
no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its
potential energy does change. Does gravity force of
earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with
this movement and force doing push object toward
earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By consider
the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object¡¦s
kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity
force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes
to potential energy.
I have been believed that there is not any infinity in
the universe.
The limitation of velocity is not c, it is Vc, and Vc
>c and human never can measure it.
The velocity of mass has a limitation, but it is not
c. The limitation of speed in a frame (inertial or no
inertial) depends to forces in frame. And the
limitation of speed in an inertial frame is the speed
of graviton in it. And usually the speed of graviton
is greater than light¡¦s speed. Because a part of
CPH¡¦s linear speed loses in photon by interaction
between each other. When the velocity of an object
increases, spin and other motion of CHP those are in
object, changes to linear motion. So radius of
electron¡¦s orbit decreases, and radius of nuclear
deceases and volume of atom decreases until CPH
contact each other and object does explode. So never
the velocity of an object reaches to limitation of
speed.   .
Although the growing of mass has a limitation and when
the amount of mass reaches to its limit, the CPH do
not obey from external forces and body explodes. The
limitation of mass is that the all of CPH¡¦s motion
changes to spin, then CPH do not obey of external
force and body explodes.

Falling
Earth has gravity field. Gravity field forms of many
CPH that are moving toward the earth and they are
interacting with which other. Suppose earth is alone
and there is not any interaction between earth and
other bodies in universe. When CPHs reach to earth,
they absorb by earth and CPHs obey of forces that exit
there. But earth is not alone and it does interaction
with other bodies. Take a look at earth and moon.
There are two fields; one is around the earth and
other is around the moon. When a CPH reaches to earth,
other one moves toward the moon and pushing earth
toward moon. Also when a CPH reaches to moon, other
one moves toward the earth and pushing moon toward the
earth. So that Fe=Fm.
Suppose a stone is on the surface of earth. The system
(earth and stone) is at equilibrium to replying CPH. I
take it and shooting upward the earth. I give a lot
CPH to stone upward the earth and it takes velocity v
and kinetic energy 1/2mv2. But stone is moving in
earth¡¦s gravitational field. There are many CPH that
are moving toward earth. CPH has mass equal m(cph) and
velocity c (it has spin and calls graviton). A CPH of
gravity field collides with a CPH in stone and putting
it out of stone, itself goes far of stone, or goes
toward the other particles in stone.
Suppose a CPH that calls A in gravity field is moving
toward the earth and reaches to a CPH on an electron
in stone that calls B. A and B contact with each
other, and A comes back to earth gravity and B moves
with speed c toward the nuclear of atom, and contact
with a CPH in nuclear. B stays in nuclear and another
CPH leaves nuclear and so on till a CPH leaves stone.
And it pushing stone toward the earth. A flow of CPH
comes to pass between all particles and atoms in
stone. Also a flow of CPH comes to pass between stone
and earth. Intensity of current between stone and
earth depends to earth mass (as M) and stone¡¦s mass
(m+1/2mv2) and theirs distance. Intensity of current
decreasing until that v reaches to zero. Then stone
accelerates toward the earth. In this case interaction
between gravity field¡¦s CPH and object¡¦s CPH depends
to velocity of object.
Suppose a photon is falling toward the surface of a
star. By consider GR when a photon is falling in a
gravity field, the speed and frequency of photon
increases. So in gravity field the limitation of speed
depends to Intensity of g. And the speed of graviton
is equal the limitation of speed in gravity field.
When the speed of light reaches to limitation of speed
in gravity field, the speed and frequency of photon
does not changes. So, the limitation of speed in
earth¡¦s gravity field is not the speed of light. And
it is the speed of graviton.

Collision;
Suppose shot A with mass m and velocity v is moving
toward the shot B with mass m that is rest (masses are
equal). They collide each other. Suppose after
collision A is stable and B moves with velocity v.
Before collision:
Shot A; relativity mass is m+1/2mv2, shot B m.
Please remember the Newton¡¦s first law.
All of CPH in A are moving with their inertia same as
A.
After collision;
Shot A; relativity mass is m, shot B m+1/2mv2.

In during the collision force FA acting on B. Many of
CPH leave A and arrive at B. Their masses are equal
1/2mv2. In during the collision interaction between A
and B is force acting. In during the collision A¡¦s
energy changes to force, and applied on B. The
reaction of leaving CPH is force that applied on A.
So, FA=FB, and observer see that FA=dmv/dt, and
FB=dmv/dt. In during the collision, kinetic energy
equal 1/2mv2 changes to force, and force acts on B. In
other word when A reaches to B, n CPH with sum mass
equal 1/2mv2 transfers from A to B.
It implies the equivalency of force, energy and mass.
In this regard force, energy and mass are interpreted
as different manifestation of the physical entity.
The Force is quantized and lesser quantum of force is
the amount of force that can produce a CPH.
By considering this principle all physical phenomenon
are justifiable. Also by considering the fact that the
CPH always moves with a constant amount of speed, no
time has been passed from its lifetime, in other words
no time has been passed from the world¡¦s life and any
effort for determining the world's life will come to a
failure. So, the source of time depends on external
forces.
For accepting this comment it is enough to change our
assumption from mass and energy and force, do not
believe any specified border between them. In other
words the constant of light¡¦s speed is not only
emerging from a natural accident but the amount of
this speed is always constant, even when energy is in
form of force.
If we would like talking about only one conservation
law to explain the nature, (physical law) that
conservation law is the conservation law of force.

Redshift is Common effect
Let take a new look at relations F=Gm1m2/r2 and F= -
dU/dx. .
And please remember that the speed of gravity force
has limit, and gravity force moves with light¡¦s speed
as (in relativity).
Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship
between gravity force and potential energy. It did
grow into habit that physicists consider to right side
of above relation. This is a fact that U does change
of a point (as high) to another point. Question is
that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or
no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its
potential energy does change. Does gravity force of
earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with
this movement and force doing push object toward
earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By consider
the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object¡¦s
kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity
force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes
to potential energy.
I ask you please do not stop on the above conception.
Suppose a solid object has mass m at high h. It falls
toward the earth. It takes kinetic energy that gives
with equation 1/2mv2=mgh in during falling. When
object reaches to earth, its kinetic energy changes to
other energies like heat or electromagnetic energy (by
spark). Suppose when object stay on the surface of
earth its mass is m (its mass at high h is equal on
earth).
In during that object was falling, it did take kinetic
energy equal 1/2mv2. Why did increase object¡¦s
kinetic energy? Cause gravity force did act on it.
Now take a new look at the left side of relation F= -
dU/dx and remember deltaU=1/2mv2.
  In during that object was falling, gravity force
converted to kinetic energy (by consider the
relativity gravity force changed to mass).
So, gravity force has mass. In the other word gravity
field is weakly mass. The movement of object (it was
falling) is medium to conversion gravity force to
energy and vice versa.

Blueshift and Redshift
When a photon is falling toward the earth, its kinetic
energy increases same as other objects. So, the
frequency of photon increases and changes to high
frequency. Observer saw that photon shifts toward the
blue frequency. Gravity force converts to
electromagnetic energy. A quantum of gravity force
(graviton) is that does change the photon¡¦s frequency
from f to f+1.
When photon is moving upward the earth, its frequency
shifts toward the red. Suppose a photon does form on
the surface of a black hole. Photon is unable escapes
of its gravity field. Photon shifts toward red and
gradually all of photon¡¦s energy converts to gravity
force.

The Range of gravity field
The universal gravitational law shows that the range
of gravity force is infinity. So, earth¡¦s gravity
force does effect on all of things that are in
universe. Suppose earth did formed x years ago. A star
is at distance y light years of earth and y>x. The
earth¡¦s gravity field had not been reaching to star
yet. Cause by considers relativity the speed of
graviton is c. When star¡¦s gravity force does reach
to earth, earth to reaction of it sends a graviton
toward the star. This graviton is pushing earth toward
the star, as same star¡¦s graviton is pushing star.
Suppose an object leaves earth and it is moving toward
the Mars. A graviton that is coming of moon and it is
pushing moon, reaches to object. When this graviton
arrives to object, another graviton leaves object and
pushing object toward the moon. So, the range of
gravity field has limitation, and it is not infinity.


Does shift earth toward red and blue?
Redhift and blueshift is using for light. But this
effect is common effect. Suppose a photon is moving
upward the earth. A graviton leaves it and moving
toward earth. When this graviton reaches to earth,
another graviton leaves earth and moving toward
photon. By consider the speed of graviton and photon,
in during that earth¡¦s graviton is passing distance
between earth and photon, photon has a displacement
equal d. (speed of graviton is greater than light¡¦s
speed). It is probability that graviton never reaches
to photon and absorbs by other thing and arrives to it
and another graviton leaves it and moving toward the
earth. So, the photon¡¦s graviton leaves it forever
and addition to earth gravity field.
When a photon shifts toward red in earth field, earth
shifts toward blue. In interaction between earth and
stars, earth shifts toward red. Please remember that
there are many stars in universe that they are moving
very fast and theirs speed are near the light¡¦s
speed.
An observer on this star saw that earth shifts toward
red.

Black hole:

Schema;
By according the formal physics black holes are
thought to form from stars or other massive objects if
and when they collapse from their own gravity to form
an object whose density is increase.
Let take a new look at a black hole¡¦s born by
according the CPH Theory. In This letter by according
the relation F= - dU/dx I will explain when a star
does emit photons and other particle, the density of
gravity increases. Then star does collapse.

At first time John Michell published an article about
the black hole in 1783. In 1799 Pierre Simon Laplace
proofed that a great body maybe a black hole. A black
hole is a body that light cannot escape from its
gravity field. How happens this case?
Pierre Simon Laplace did give the relation
VR=(2GM/R)1/2 for escape velocity. When VR is equal or
greater than c, there is a black hole.
The escapes velocities for some bodies are these:
The escape velocity on earth is 11.2 km/s
The escape velocity on moon is 2.25 km/s
The escape velocity on sun is 600 km/s
When on a great body the escape velocity is greater
than light¡¦s speed, it calls black hole.

A Black Hole Is Born
Black holes are thought to form from stars or other
massive objects if and when they collapse from their
own gravity to form an object whose density is
infinite. In during most of a star's lifetime, nuclear
fusion in the core generates electromagnetic
radiation, including photons, the particles of light.
This radiation exerts an outward pressure that exactly
balances the inward pull of gravity caused by the
star's mass.
As the nuclear fuel is exhausted, the outward forces
of radiation diminish, allowing the gravitation to
compress the star inward. The contraction of the core
causes its temperature to rise and allows remaining
nuclear material to be used as fuel. The star is saved
from further collapse, but only for a while. If the
star is sufficiently massive or compressible, it may
collapse to a black hole. If it is less massive or
made of stiffer material, its fate is different: it
may become a white dwarf or a neutron star.

CPH Theory and Black Hole¡¦s Born
Let take a new look at relations F=Gm1m2/r2 and F= -
dU/dx. .
Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship
between gravity force and potential energy. It did
grow into habit that physicists consider to right side
of above relation. This is a fact that U does change
of a point (as high) to another point. Question is
that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or
no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its
potential energy does change. Does gravity force of
earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with
this movement and force doing push object toward
earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By according
the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object¡¦s
kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity
force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes
to potential energy.
I ask you please do not stop on the above conception.
Suppose a atom takes escape velocity on the surface of
star. In during atom is moving upward, it loses its
kinetic energy, what happened to gravity field?
We can explain it by according photon¡¦s red shift.
When photon is leaving a star, its frequency shifts
toward the red. So the Photon¡¦s energy does decrease.

So when a star is emitting particles, the strongly of
gravity force on it does increase. In the other word
when a star is emitting particles, in fact a lot of
its mass does convert to gravity force. And the
exerting outward pressure on star does strongly, then
star does contraction. And then the balance between
inward radiations exerts and outward pressure of
gravity force does change speedy. The star collapse
and a black hole are born.
All of our ideas about the universe formed by our
experiences on the earth. There are mass, energy and
force in the earth. We never can find an object
without one or two of them in the earth. But it is not
meaning that there are not any pure force or pure
energy in universe. A black hole can be formed only by
pure force. Every thing that falls in a black hole
maybe changes to force. So a black hole can forms by
tree kind of material or only by force. The structure
of a black hole is not comparison able with other
stars.

Absolute Black hole;
Suppose there is a black hole that there is V=L. it is
absolute black hole that nothing escape of it.
No object, no light and no other electromagnetic waves
are able escape of it. Never receive any signal of it
to us. We see a absolute dark part in sky. There the
straight velocity of CPH is so near zero. Big Bang
happened of a black hole stronger than it.
I think L and V are very important constants for any
bodies, especially for explaining the kinds of black
holes.
When V=L, graviton is unable goes far of it. Graviton
is able moving in its gravity field, only.
Any observers are unable to feel it.
When V is a little smaller than L. In interaction
between black hole and other bodies, gravity wave
and electromagnetic waves with very long wavelength
escape of it. And so on.

Repulsive gravitational force and dark energy on my
theory;
In classical mechanics and relativity have been
accepted that repulsive gravitational force and
limitation of speed are two separable items. But I
have been believed that this opinion is incorrect.
Repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed
are depends to each other. I will try explaining that
two above items is inseparable.
Suppose v is the linear speed of graviton. What
happens when v reaches to zero?
It never happens, but v can reaches to near zero.
Black hole absorbs particles and objects. Its density
increases, so gravity force does strongly so much.
When v reaches to zero, in other word all motions of
CPH had been changed to spin, body takes critical
conditions.
If this black hole absorbs other objects or to
reaction with other body, CPHs do not obey of external
force and black hole explodes. And a part of universe
does expanding.
Suppose another explosion happens other space of
universe. Some bodies start their travel toward the
bodies of last explosion.
Our universe was born by a black hole¡¦s explosion.
All bodies in our universe are interaction with bodies
in other universes.
The center of explosion is like the center of great
bodies. There external force is near zero in the
center of explosion. So, there interaction between
particles and atoms do without the effect of a
considerable external force. Also the center of
explosion is an especially point in observable
universe. All bodies are interaction to center of
explosion and receive any particles to them from it
and go from bodies to center of explosion. In center
of explosion interaction between particles produce new
particles.
The center explosion¡¦s productions start their
travels toward all side of universe. Suppose A is a
particle that leaves the earth toward the center of
explosion. Earth takes acceleration of A. In center of
explosion particles A, B, C, and D interaction with
each other. And produces particles A¡¦, B¡¦, C¡¦, and
D¡¦. Particle A¡¦ travels toward the earth, and when
reaches to earth gives a new acceleration to it.
In my theory the geometry of universe is not that
Newton said or Einstein propounded.
Universe is infinite in all directions, but it is part
by part. Every part is a sub universe that has itself
geometry.

Universe accelerates by dark energy or conservation
law the amount of speed?

Schema;
If the universe is flat and expanding ever faster,
some invisible, unidentified energy must be offsetting
gravity. In the beginning, when matter was close
together and the universe was dense, gravitational
attraction was much stronger. Now that matter is far
apart and the density of the universe is low, this
mysterious energy is pushing space itself outward at
an accelerating rate. Its nature is unknown.

Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe *
Deep as Einstein's general theory of relativity may
be, it remains silent on a profound question: Is empty
space really empty? Inflation models predict that it
was not so in the past, and it may not be so today
either. Einstein introduced a "cosmological constant"
into his equations, to represent the possibility that
even empty space has energy and couples to gravity.
The unknown magnitude of the cosmological constant is
set by parts of physics beyond Einstein's
understanding---and, at present, our own.
The new discovery that the expansion of the Universe
appears to be accelerating suggests the presence of
something dubbed "dark energy" that drives space
apart. It seems likely that we have roughly measured
the value of a cosmological constant or something like
it.
This new discovery already widely accepted because it
explains many observations. The first indication was
that the rate of expansion of the Universe has been
increasing, revealed by Type Ia supernovae. Supporting
evidence comes from studies of global geometry,
structure formation, cosmic age, and galaxy
clustering. They leave little doubt that in some sense
Einstein's "cosmological constant" is a reality. The
energy of the Universe is dominated by empty space
whose gravitational effect is to pull the Universe
apart.

Accelerating universe and the conservation law of the
amount of speed;
The conservation law the amount of speed is able
explain the accelerating expansion of the Universe.
The conservation law the amount of speed is result
able of Theory of CPH. In fact all principles and laws
that had been accepted are result able of Theory of
CPH. Theory of CPH is based on a definition of CPH and
a principle of CPH.

Definition of CPH
From the relation E=hfƒz ƒnwe have:

E1=hfƒz, ƒnE2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed
by D), so:

m=h/c2=7x10-49 kg

Take:  m(CPH)=7x10-49 kg,  we can show that the mass
of a photon
with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f.
The difference between the photons is in n (the number
of CPH.)
By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all
particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...)
are formed by many CPH.

The Principle of CPH:
The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves
with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and
without any external forces in all inertial frames. So
that:

grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space

The external forces can not increasing or decreasing
the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the
factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from
straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it
is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from
each other and absorb each other. And this action and
reaction continue till distance between them reaches
to near zero.
Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S
in t time in an inertial frame, then:

S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0

or ax+ay+az=0

A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along
movement with object. When object passes in the
Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of
CPH changing from transferred condition to other
motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F
applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH
and Newton¡¦s second law we can write:

F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay)

The above relation means that the amount of speed of
CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of
speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis
increases or decreases, such speed of object increases
or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of
object does change and it accelerates (positive or
negative relativity the observer).

The Conservation Law of The Amount of Speed
Suppose atom1 formed with n1 CPH, atom2 formed with n2
CPH and so on. Summations the amount of speed CPH that
are in atoms are n1Vc, n2Vc and so on, in any inertial
frame. Suppose all of CPH that universe did form with
of them is equal n CPH. So the summation the amounts
of speed in universe is equal S=nVc. Any CPH has a
linear motion and other movement with objects or other
particles.
Any explosion does change other motion of CPH to
linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion
of universe does increase. Sun does emit 4x10 power 12
kg per second. When sun¡¦s light or particles reach to
earth, their linear momentums do transfer to earth. So
earth takes acceleration. We know any star does burst
and they do emit a lot of CPH to space. So the linear
momentum of bodies increases and they accelerate. So
universe has acceleration.
If explosion of bodies was being equal of production
of other bodies, universe has not any acceleration.

Gravity Storm;
Bodies started their motion and did go far center of
explosion, after than Big Bang had happened. Bodies
were going far each other and they were impressionable
other bodies. so, when a body has been going far of
other bodies, its kinetic energy has been changing to
CPH and has been arriving it. CPH has been moving all
sides of universe, especially toward the center of
explosion. When CPHs reach to them at a space from
many bodies, they have different directions. It is
like a pool that many tubes with different directions
are feeding water to pool. CPH create storm gravity.
We can not see gravity force, so when we are looking
at a point of space, there is no any visible things.
But storm gravity produces any particle or photon or
mass and feed to universe. And we saw many kinds beam
of particle receive to earth. But we never can see the
source of these particles.

Some observations By Theory of CPH
The Newton¡¦s first law
Definition and the principle of CPH are can able to
explain every phenomenon. And every law is result
able. CPH has linear motion without any external
force. Every objects form with a number of CPH.
Without any external force, all particles in this
object are bounded with internal forces. The object¡¦s
inertia depends to inertia of CPHs that object forms
of them. Without any external force object¡¦s motion
is straight motion.

The conservation law of momentum
The momentum of CPH is constant. The external force
changes its linear momentum to angular momentum and
vice versa. So, the momentum is conserve in any
inertial frame and any space.

Dilation time
The speed of CPH is constant and moves by limitation
of speed. So, no time passes of CPH. Seems that time
depends to external force. External force can not
changes the amount of speed of CPH. But external force
can changes the speed of objects. So, time is for
objects only. Any object has a time life and its time
life depends to external force.

Length Contraction
When the linear speed of an object increases that an
external force applied on it in direction of linear
speed. So, other motion of CPH like spin and arbitrary
motion changes to linear motion. The radius of
electron¡¦s orbit decreases and bulk of atoms
decreases. The bulk of atom decreases until CPHs do
contact with each other and any contact between the
CPHs, they go far from each other and system explodes.
So, volume never reaches to zero.

The Conservation Law of Mass-Energy
Classical mechanic had two conservation laws. One was
the conservation law of mass, and other was the
conservation law of energy. We know these laws are
correct at closed systems only. In a closed system
energy is conserved, so in a closed system momentum is
conserved.
Relativity propounded the conservation law of
mass-energy. Evidence show it is correct. Mass and
energy are two changeable quantities. We know the
conservation law of mass-energy is correct. Mass
changes to energy and energy changes to mass.
But it is a questionable deduction. Are there mass and
energy in universe, only?
Suppose universe is a closed system. This supposition
is acceptable.
Did form universe of mass and energy only?
There is not other thing in universe?
All evidence shows that objects take energy in fields.
When an electron accelerates in an electrical field,
it takes energy.
In this case mass does not changes to energy. Field
produces energy.
When an object accelerates by force, it takes energy.
Also in this case mass does not changes to energy.
Field produces energy.
So the conservation law of mass-energy is not correct
in universe.
We can find space between stars that there is force
only and there is empty of mass and energy. We never
can find any closed system that there were mass and
energy, only.
But suppose there is a really closed system and it is
isolate of others. No external force applied on this
closed system. Suppose the summation of all energies
is equal x, and summation of mass is equal y kg. There
happens a nuclear explosion and z kg mass changes to
energy. What happens for nuclear forces? They do go to
nothing?
All evidence show there is a relationship between
force and energy.
Force and energy is convertible.
Field is weakly energy.

Fundamental forces
All forces are particles. Every field does form by
flowing of their particles that come to pass between
sources. The force particle and its source are same.
Mass and gravity force are same, mass is convertible
to gravity force, and vise versa and so on. Also,
force and energy is convertible. In this letter I am
trying to explain gravity force and electric force and
nuclear strong force particles.

Gravity force
Earth has gravity field. Gravity field forms of many
CPH that are moving toward the earth and they are
interacting with which other. Suppose earth is alone
and there is not any interaction between earth and
other bodies in universe. When CPH reach to earth,
they absorb by earth and CPH obey of forces that exit
there. But earth is not alone and it does interaction
with other bodies. Take a look at earth and moon.
There are two fields; one is around the earth and
other is around the moon. When a CPH reaches to earth,
other one moves toward the moon and pushing earth
toward moon. Also when a CPH reaches to moon, other
one moves toward the earth and pushing moon toward the
earth. So that Fe=Fm. There is a current of CPH
between earth and other objects. Also this current
exists between every object and others.

Nuclear Strong Force Particle
The nuclear strong field is same as gravity field.
When a proton is alone, like the hydrogen atom, there
is not any flow between it and other protons.
Proton has positive charge. Also it has spin. Suppose
two protons are moving toward each other. There are
two resistances for contraction them. One is electric
charge and another is spin. Any contact between these
protons, they go far from each other. But when they
have high energy, energy produces an attractive force
between them. Then distance between protons goes to
near zero. Proton keeps its spin and electric charge.
And nuclear has spin. In a heavy nuclear there are
many flow of strong force current between each other.
Suppose there are twenty protons and neutron in a
nuclear that call A, B, C, D¡Ketc. Then a current of
strong force particles is between A and B, also a
current is between A and C.etc. When a strong force
particle from A reaches to B, another leaves B toward
the A and pushing it toward B and so on.
Nucleus has spin, also protons and neutrons have spin
in nucleus. So, when a strong force particle leaves a
proton one side of nucleus toward the other side, it
passes a very twisted path. These currents cover the
nucleus and a strong field does form. the radius of
field depends to path of current nuclear strong force.

By consider the above seems that the nuclear strong
force particle does find by energy. Also, gravity
force produces energy; so nuclear strong force
particle does form by graviton.

Electricity force
There are two electricity charges. Negative charge
shows with N and positive charge that shows with P.
Also there two electric force, one is attractive that
shows with A, and repulsive force that shows with R.
Suppose an electric force particle is moving. It
reaches to another electric force particle. They
combine which other and produce two new electric force
particles. Productions are attractive or repulsive as
following;

N+P=2A
N+N=2R
P+P=2R

Explain;
Negative charge and negative charge;
Suppose N leaved an electron1 and is moving that
reaches to other N that is coming of electron2. They
combine and do convert to two R (repulsive force).
They repulsive each other and do go far. One of them
moves toward electron1 and shutting it far of
electron2. Electron1 accelerates and escape of
electron2. When electron1 accelerates R convert to N
and leaves it. For electron2 happens same action.

Positive charge and positive charge;
It is same as Negative charge and negative charge.

Positive charge and negative charge;
N leaved an electron and is moving that reaches to P
that is coming of a proton. They combine and do
convert to two A. They leave each other and do move
toward the electron and proton. When one of them
reaches electron, it does pushing it toward the proton
and another N leaves electron. For proton happens same
function. When A reaches to proton, pushing it toward
the electron. Then it converts to P and leaves proton.

Result1;
In nucleus protons emit positive force particles. But
when they reach to each other, they convert to
repulsive force particles. So, positive force particle
is electric force particle in during that leaves
proton until reaches to another electric positive
force particle.
So, the affect of electric charge in nucleus is
different of other cases.

Result2;
When two protons move toward each other with high
energy, there is not any nuclear strong force. When
they do combine each other, energy does change to
nuclear strong force. So, by consider CPH theory, all
forces form of CPH and they are particles.

Why has acceleration the expanding of universe?

By according Theory of CPH every thing do form by CPH.
And CPH moves with linear speed Vc without any
external forces.

So that; grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any
space

It means the summation the amounts of speed in
universe is constant.
Suppose there are n CPH in universe. The summation the
amounts of speed in universe is equal nVc. Any CPH has
a linear motion and other movement with objects.
So any explosion does change other motion of CPH to
linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion
of universe does increase. We know any star does
burst. So the linear motion increases by every burst.
So seems that the universe has acceleration.
(See appendix). If explosion of bodies was being equal
of production of other bodies, universe has not any
acceleration.

Matrix of fundamental force
I had defined CPH in Theory of CPH.
CPH moves with constant linear speed Vc without any
external forces.
Vc  is limitation of speed in universe.

So that; grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any
space

When CPH has spin, it calls graviton. CPH is gravity
force and graviton does carry gravity force (see
following appendix).

Suppose two CPH are moving with speed Vc , Distance
between them is R.
We can choice two matrix 2x2.

Matrix1;
Line1; R  ,  0
Line2; 0  ,  ¡V R
Cause distance has direction.


Matrix2;
Line1; CPH  ,  0
Line2; 0  ,  CPH

Matrix1 cross Matrix2 give MatrixA;

MatrixA;
Line1; torque1  ,  0
Line2; 0  ,  - torque1

Torque1 is equal RxCPH. That means a CPH starts its
rotation.
By according the grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and
any space
CPH take spin. One of them takes right spin and other
one takes left spin.
Then graviton does find.
Distance between them decreases and their spin do
increase.
When R goes to near zero, the unit of energy does
find. We call it CPH2, it means there are two CPH.
CPH2 has not spin. It is the least (smallest) quantum
of energy.

Matrix3;
Line1;  d  ,   0
Line2;  0  , - d

Matrix4;
Line1; CPH2  ,  0
Line2;  0    ,  CPH

Matrix3 cross Matrix4 gives B

Matrix B;
Line1;  torque2  ,  0
Line2;    0  ,  - torque1

CPH2 and CPH take spin. Then photon does find spin.
Distance between CPH2 and CPH goes to near zero and
CPH3 does find. In the other word a photon with
frequency 3 does find. Also it has spin.

Our universe was born by a Big Bang. All bodies in our
universe have interaction with each other. Also all
bodies have interaction to center of explosion and it
is an especial point in observable universe. There
have been receiving many gravitons of other bodies in
center of explosion. There is interaction between
gravitons very speedy.
But the center of explosion is like the center of
great bodies. The external force is near zero in the
center of explosion. And particles that do produce
start their travels toward all side of universe.
Suppose a lot of CPH reach there. When density of CPH
increase in space, then interaction does speedy.

Choice two Matrixes nxn

Matrix of distances;
Line1; d1 , 0 , 0 , 0 . ¡K
Line2;  0,  d2 , 0 , 0 , ¡K

Line k; all members are zero and there is dk in column
k, and di is distance.

Matrix of CPH
Line1; CPH , 0 , 0 , ¡K
Line2;   0   ,  CPH , 0  ,0 , ¡K

Line k; all members are zero and there is a CPH in
column k.

Matrix of distance cross Matrix of CPH
Then interaction between them produces a lot of
photons or other particle.

Particle force and Field
Force is quantized and lesser quantum of force is the
amount of force that can produce a CPH. We can
calculate the force F that used for produce a CPH in
Pound and Rebka's experiment that they did at 1960 in
Harvard University. Gamma¡¦s wave has about 1020 CPH,
and in this experiment d was 22.5m. By according this
experiment we can calculate that a graviton carries a
force a bout

F=2.8x10 power minus 33  N

By calculate we can find the gravity force between
electron and proton in hydrogen atom that is equal
Fg=3.7x10 power minus 47 N

CPH does come to pass between electron and proton
constantly. By consider the velocity of CPH and
distance between electron and proton in atom; all CPH
in structure of proton and electron do change several
times in a second. In what time all of earth¡¦s CPH
does change?
The electric force between electron and proton in
hydrogen atom is equal:

Fe=8.1x10 power minus 8 N
So, the electric force particle is very stronger than
gravity force particle.
When electron is on its orbit in atom, the interaction
of electric force is between it and proton only. So
atom is neutral. Electron leaves its orbit. Let call
it electron A.  Suppose there are a few free electric
charges (positive and negative). Electron A does
reaction with them. Then a few electrons leave their
orbits in that space. Electron A does reaction with
new charges. But the effect of electron A on charges
does not change. How can explain it?
By according the electric field, there is a stable
electric field around the electron and it is able
affects to many charges. It is not acceptable. But by
according the CPH theory it is explainable.
When an electric effect of a new charge reaches to
electron A, electron A produces a particle electric
force by gravitons that are around it. Electric charge
is an engine to produce electric force of gravitons.
When an electric is alone, it does condense gravitons
and send to space constantly. When it does neutral by
a positron or a proton, it does not produce and send
electric particle force.
When an electric field does change, gravitons
resistance with it. The graviton's reaction to
changing electric field is production a magnetic
field.

Nuclear Strong Force Particle
The production of nuclear strong force particle is
same as electric particle force.
When two protons have high energy, they produce a
strong attractive force between them. So, energy
produces the nuclear strong force particle. By
according the CPH Theory, CPH produces every
fundamental force.

Best regards
Hossein javadi




__________________________________
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Universe accelerates by dark energy or conservation
law the amount of speed?

Schema;
If the universe is flat and expanding ever faster,
some invisible, unidentified energy must be offsetting
gravity. In the beginning, when matter was close
together and the universe was dense, gravitational
attraction was much stronger. Now that matter is far
apart and the density of the universe is low, this
mysterious energy is pushing space itself outward at
an accelerating rate. Its nature is unknown.

Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe *
Deep as Einstein's general theory of relativity may
be, it remains silent on a profound question: Is empty
space really empty? Inflation models predict that it
was not so in the past, and it may not be so today
either. Einstein introduced a "cosmological constant"
into his equations, to represent the possibility that
even empty space has energy and couples to gravity.
The unknown magnitude of the cosmological constant is
set by parts of physics beyond Einstein's
understanding---and, at present, our own.
The new discovery that the expansion of the Universe
appears to be accelerating suggests the presence of
something dubbed "dark energy" that drives space
apart. It seems likely that we have roughly measured
the value of a cosmological constant or something like
it.
This new discovery already widely accepted because it
explains many observations. The first indication was
that the rate of expansion of the Universe has been
increasing, revealed by Type Ia supernovae. Supporting
evidence comes from studies of global geometry,
structure formation, cosmic age, and galaxy
clustering. They leave little doubt that in some sense
Einstein's "cosmological constant" is a reality. The
energy of the Universe is dominated by empty space
whose gravitational effect is to pull the Universe
apart.

Accelerating universe and the conservation law of the
amount of speed;
The conservation law the amount of speed is able
explain the accelerating expansion of the Universe.
The conservation law the amount of speed is result
able of Theory of CPH. In fact all principles and laws
that had been accepted are result able of Theory of
CPH. Theory of CPH is based on a definition of CPH and
a principle of CPH.

Definition of CPH
From the relation E=hfƒz ƒnwe have:

E1=hfƒz, ƒnE2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed
by D), so:

m=h/c2=7x10-49 kg

Take:  m(CPH)=7x10-49 kg,  we can show that the mass
of a photon
with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f.
The difference between the photons is in n (the number
of CPH.)
By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all
particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...)
are formed by many CPH.

The Principle of CPH:
The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves
with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and
without any external forces in all inertial frames. So
that:

grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space

The external forces can not increasing or decreasing
the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the
factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from
straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it
is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from
each other and absorb each other. And this action and
reaction continue till distance between them reaches
to near zero.
Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S
in t time in an inertial frame, then:

S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0

or ax+ay+az=0

A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along
movement with object. When object passes in the
Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of
CPH changing from transferred condition to other
motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F
applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH
and Newton¡¦s second law we can write:

F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay)

The above relation means that the amount of speed of
CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of
speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis
increases or decreases, such speed of object increases
or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of
object does change and it accelerates (positive or
negative relativity the observer).

The Conservation Law of The Amount of Speed
Suppose atom1 formed with n1 CPH, atom2 formed with n2
CPH and so on. Summations the amount of speed CPH that
are in atoms are n1Vc, n2Vc and so on, in any inertial
frame. Suppose all of CPH that universe did form with
of them is equal n CPH. So the summation the amounts
of speed in universe is equal S=nVc. Any CPH has a
linear motion and other movement with objects or other
particles.
Any explosion does change other motion of CPH to
linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion
of universe does increase. Sun does emit 4x10 power 12
kg per second. When sun¡¦s light or particles reach to
earth, their linear momentums do transfer to earth. So
earth takes acceleration. We know any star does burst
and they do emit a lot of CPH to space. So the linear
momentum of bodies increases and they accelerate. So
universe has acceleration.
If explosion of bodies was being equal of production
of other bodies, universe has not any acceleration.

Best regards
Hossein javadi

* Reference; Scientific Goals and Missions

Email; javadi_hossein@...
             javadi_hossein@...






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My Dear friend Roger Anderton moderator of
Unitaryscience yahoo group posted a few articles about
R J. Boscovich¡¦s theory. For reading all his articles
contact to;

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/unitaryscience

In eighth¡¦s article he wrote; R J. Boscovich was a
Jesuit mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, and
published in his Theoria ( 1758 ) the first general
mathematical theory of atomism, based on the ideas of
Newton and Leibniz but transforming them so as to
provide a programme for atomic physics.
This used the postulates:
(i) There exists one class only of fundamental
particles, all identical;
(ii) these are permanent quasi- material point-centres
of action, finite numbers of them constituting finite
systems;
(iii) they obey an oscillatory (alternatively
repulsive and attractive) law of interaction,
dependent on the distance between each pair;
(iv) this law eliminates the scale-free similarity
property of the Newtonian law, permitting stable
combinations and orbits of definite sizes;
(v) this complex law, whose constants are to be
determined by subsequent experiment, is to cover the
entire variety of physical and chemical properties;
(vi) the theory is relational, only distances between
pairs being involved, and all space and time
measurements being in some degree affected by all
relative motions; and
(vii) it is kinematic rather than mechanical, mass
being introduced as a pure number determined by
counting the number of point- particles in a system.
Boscovich's theory exerted a great influence on 19th-
and 20th-century physics, for it represents the ideal
mathematical atomism with the minimal assumptions
(central two-body actions dependent on powers of the
distance).
Without any purpose I will propound CPH Definition and
CPH Principle in following. I suggest please compare
them. Also, I am thanking of Dear Roger Anderton for
these excellent articles.

Definition of CPH
From the relation E=hfƒz ƒnwe have:

E1=hfƒz, ƒnE2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed
by D), so:

m=h/c2=7x10 power minus 49 kg

Take:  m(CPH)=7x10 power minus 49 kg,  we can show
that the mass of a photon
with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f.
The difference between the photons is in n (the number
of CPH.)
By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all
particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...)
are formed by many CPH.
Also By according W=fd=DE, (Delta signed by D), we can
show that the amount of gravity force that is need to
produce m=7x10 power minus 49 kg is equal;

F=2.8x10 power minus 33  N

That the amount of force that a graviton does carry.

The Principle of CPH:
The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves
with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and
without any external forces in all inertial frames. So
that:

grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space

The external forces can not increasing or decreasing
the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the
factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from
straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it
is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from
each other and absorb each other. And this action and
reaction continue till distance between them reaches
to near zero.
Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S
in t time in an inertial frame, then:

S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0

or ax+ay+az=0

A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along
movement with object. When object passes in the
Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of
CPH changing from transferred condition to other
motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F
applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH
and Newton¡¦s second law we can write:

F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay)

The above relation means that the amount of speed of
CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of
speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis
increases or decreases, such speed of object increases
or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of
object does change and it accelerates (positive or
negative relativity the observer).

Sincerely
Hossein Javadi



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Some scientists in government institutions (individuals only) began
to realize that some postulated rules in Quantum mechanics are
obsolete and need reconsideration. Instead of helping they are
obstacle for deeper understanding of the Nature. More explicitly, now
some physicists arrive to the idea that the electron might possess a
hardware structure. It is still very away from the unveiled physical
models of the elementary particles by BSM theory, but at least it is
in a direction of breaking the stagnation imposed by absolutism of
the Copenhagen formalism. However, the essential reason for all
problems in physics today - the wrong concept of the physical vacuum
is not still in an official discussion.

For more information:   http://www.gryzinski.com/misiek.html

Moderator

Dear Mark,

The issue you write about is very interesting. BSM theory opens a new
horizon for study the properties of the biomolecules, particularly
the proteins and especially the DNA. The BSM_application_3.pdf (and
its published version in Journal of Theoretics) is an useful start.
You will find out how the proteins and particularly DNA are able to
store and release energy (this is enigma for the biophysics relying
on the Quantum mechanics). After reading this article read about
George Lakhovsky who cured successfully cancer by irradiating the
patient by a device for which he had a patent (1934). A similar type
of radiation for the same purpose is provided by the device developed
by Thomas Moray - also patented (1949). The medicine does not have a
clue how such radiation may help. The problem is again in the
theoretical physics. The quantum mechanical models of atoms are not
real physical model but mathematical (due to the wrong vacuum
concept). Using the BSM models of atoms that are real you will find
much deeper understanding about the energy processes that take place
in the proteins and biomolecules.
Despite the tremendous suffering and the huge expences for cure and
cancer research, the Lakhovski method today is ignored, because it is
not understood. But you will find how much logic there is behind this
method after reading the above mentioned materials.


Reference:
1.George Lakhovsky, US patent 1,962,565  (1934)
www.keelynet.com/tesla/01962565.htm
2. G. Lakhovsky, US patent 2,351,055  (1944)
www.keelynet.com/tesla/02351055.htm
3. Tomas H. Morray US patent 2,460,707 (1949)

Sarg137

--- In matter-energy-gravitation@yahoogroups.com, "Mark"
<marcusarillius@y...> wrote:
> Hello Sarg, I just wanted to say hi, and thank you for sharing your
> insights about physics. I am a surgical assistant in the denver
area
> with a very limited scientific backround yet a head full of ideas
and
> was very pleased to see your site.  The ideas presented match the
> images I have in my mind about light and electrons, finaly a theory
> that fits my intuition. It scares me somewhat to see this
information
> so available and it is my hope that mankind will use the knoledge
of
> physics for benefit not warfare or destruction. I seem to have come
> up with this  notion that life is opticaly modulated. After
learning
> about the "Phanton DNA Effect" and biophotonic radiation I felt
that
> light was resposible for the phenomena of life. I began to think
> about standing waves of light and discoreved others have already
> postulated that life began as light formed standing waves
transmiting
> an energy pattern present in structure of subspace. I would love to
> have coffee and pick your brain a little, not many people want to
> chat about optical  biophysics with an amateur. I have so many
> questions and ideas for  experiments that have far reaching
> implications that othodox science has failed to answer or to even
> investigate. Did you come up with the bsm therory it makes sense to
> me even if I can't do the math I belive it is very close to the
truth
> and I will continue to study it. Thank you again.
>
> please let me know if you would be willing to answer a couple
> questions i might have or if  you are interested in my ideas feel
> free to contact me. marcusarillius@y...

Hello Sarg, I just wanted to say hi, and thank you for sharing your
insights about physics. I am a surgical assistant in the denver area
with a very limited scientific backround yet a head full of ideas and
was very pleased to see your site.  The ideas presented match the
images I have in my mind about light and electrons, finaly a theory
that fits my intuition. It scares me somewhat to see this information
so available and it is my hope that mankind will use the knoledge of
physics for benefit not warfare or destruction. I seem to have come
up with this  notion that life is opticaly modulated. After learning
about the "Phanton DNA Effect" and biophotonic radiation I felt that
light was resposible for the phenomena of life. I began to think
about standing waves of light and discoreved others have already
postulated that life began as light formed standing waves transmiting
an energy pattern present in structure of subspace. I would love to
have coffee and pick your brain a little, not many people want to
chat about optical  biophysics with an amateur. I have so many
questions and ideas for  experiments that have far reaching
implications that othodox science has failed to answer or to even
investigate. Did you come up with the bsm therory it makes sense to
me even if I can't do the math I belive it is very close to the truth
and I will continue to study it. Thank you again.

please let me know if you would be willing to answer a couple
questions i might have or if  you are interested in my ideas feel
free to contact me. marcusarillius@...

The second citation was taken from
http://www.josephnewman.com/A_New_Paradigm.html
Unfortunately the original sourve is not cited.

Sarg137

--- In matter-energy-gravitation@yahoogroups.com, carllittmann@a...
wrote:
> Carl Littmann to S. Sarg and Group:
>
>   Interesting quotations of Maxwell's.   The first,
regarding......  ""
> Condition....after it has left the one particle and before it has
reached.....the
> other?""   may be found in Maxwell's A Treatise on Electricity and
Magnetism,
> about 1 or  2 pages from the end of that work; (and those pages are
very
> interesting, so that is why I remember them--without looking it up).
>
>   The 2nd quote, regarding....""all... energy of a field ......is
the same as
> mechanical energy"".....---I do not doubt is Maxwell's also, but
with my
> computer misbehaving and my limited knowledge, I don't know from
what lecture or
> Maxwell work that comes from.
>
>    But it is also very important, and may have later inspired  H.
Hertz to
> say, ...""Potential Energy is the Energy of Hidden Motion,""... (a
quote
> apparently from some lecture or paper by Hertz, but I don't know
which).  Hertz
> embraced and agreed with a lot of Maxwell's works.
>
>    Although I agree with all the above and their conclusions;
everyone is, of
> course, entitled to their own opinions and conclusions.  Still, I
think
> Maxwell's propositions represent, (at minimum), an important-
landmark  "School of
> Thought".

Exctraction of Tesla speech at his 75 birthday (1931)in presence of
Time correspondents:

"The conception, the idea when it first burst upon me was a
tremendous shock. I can only say at this time that it will come from
entirely new and unsuspected source and will be for all practical
purposes constant day and night. The apparatus for capturing the
energy and transforming it will partake of both mechanical and
electrical features. At first the cost may be found to be too high
but this obstacle will be overcome. The installation will be
indestructible and will continues to function for any length and time
without additional expenditures. It is nothing to do with atomic
energy".

Reference:
Hunt I. and Draper W. W., Lighting in his hand The life story of
Nikola Tesla, Sage Books, Denver1964, (Library of Congress Cat. No:
64-66184), (original source: Tesla at 75, Time, July 20, 1931, pp. 27-
30).

James Clerk Maxwell (1853-1879): But in all these theories the
question naturally occurs: - If something is transmitted from one
particle to another at a distance, what is its condition after it has
left the one particle and before it has reached to the other?...
Hence, all these theories lead to the conception of a medium in which
the propagation takes place, and if we admit this medium as an
hypothesis, I think it ought to occupy a prominent place in our
investigations, and that we ought to endeavor to construct a mental
representation of all the details of its action, and this has been my
constant aim in this treatise"

"In speaking of the Energy of the field, however, I wish to be
understood literally. All energy is the same as mechanical energy,
whether it exists in the form of motion or in that of elasticity, or
in any other form. The energy in electromagnetic phenomena is
mechanical energy." --- James Clerk Maxwell

(This principles are stronly observed in BSM theory - S. Sarg)

Tesla single wire power transmission is rediscovered

S. Sarg

Nikola Tesla discovered the Radiant energy 100 years ago. His
method of transmission of power by a single line is now confirmed
and rediscovered. According to A. Frolov the Russians has been
focused on Tesla methods since 1960.
(http://alexfrolov.narod.ru/s-wire.htm).
In 1993 S. Strebkov, A. Nekrasov and S. Avramenko achieve successful
power transmission (in order of kilowatts) by single wire. It does
not matter how thin is the wire and what is its resistance. In 2000
Avramenko et al. obtained a US patent 6,104,107 "Single Wire
Transmission of Electric Power"
(see http://www.rexresearch.com/avramenk/avramenk.htm#2usp

The low power version of the experiment is verified initially by
Stefan Hartmann and Jean-Luis Naudin
http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/afep01.htm

They provide also an easy make experimental setup for verification.
The experiments show that this is a new type of energy transmission
related with so called longitudinal waves. This waves has been
discovered 100 years ago by Tesla. The modern physics ignored them
because they are inexplicable from the adopted vision about the space
(physical vacuum). In order to accept them the existence of the ether
must be recognized. This is one of the major problems of the
contemporary physics relying on the ill conceived Copenhagen
interpretation.  Based on this the contemporary physics is not any
more a first echelon for the emerging new discoveries of fundamental
significance. Their journals are silent; they do not like discussion
about the dogma they have accepted. The independent researchers and
open minded scientists, however, does not believe to these dogma.
James Clark Maxwell, a strong believer  of the ether, defined his
famous equations in quaternion form (see A. Waser , On the notation
of Maxwell's field equations, http://www.aw-verlag.ch/EssaysE.htm
(2000).
Later Oliver Heaviside and William Gibbs have transformed them into
vector forms that have not been recommended by Maxwell. This is the
today's known form of the Maxwell's equations. Recently K. J.
van Vlaenderen and A. Waser in the article "Electrodynamics with
scalar field show that the electrodynamics can be efficiently formulated in
biquaternion form in which the original In the vectors form not full
Maxwell's concept is preserved, something is missing. This is the
transition state of the ether.
(see http://www.helical-structures.org Back to Maxwell's and Nikola Tesla vision
about space). Van Vlaenderen Koen and A. Waser show a derivation of the
longitudinal waves from the original form of Maxwell's equations
http://www.aw-verlag.ch/EssaysE.htm (also with slight adaptations: Van
Vlaenderen Koen and A. Waser, "Generalisation of classical
electrodynamics to admit a scalar field and longitudinal waves",
Hadronic Journal 24, 609-628 (2001).
Nikola Tesla studied phenomena related with fundamental properties of
the space  relying on the Maxwell's concept about the existence
of ether. In his work the ether is referenced as "natural medium".

What is confirmed so far is not the full picture of Tesla
discoveries. His major discovery is not still rediscovered. This is
the hidden aspect of his invention  Magnifying Transformer and some
related patents. It refers to energy derivation from the space. He
has pointed out that every point of the space contains energy. This
is not the ZPE that the contemporary physics relates with the EM
waves, but something much more that only a correct concept of the
physical vacuum (a kind of ether) could explain. So the hidden
aspects of the Tesla great discovery could not be envisioned if
thinking with the categories of the contemporary modern physics.

The contemporary physics so far was deprived of visual perception
about the microcosmos. The methods of direct or indirect observations
are not able to provide a picture about the structure of the atomic
nuclei or the elementary particles. The atomic nuclei are presented
only by diagrams. If someone is curious to get a picture about the
atomic structure of some element he will find only a schematical
diagram of the excited levels of the electrons.
The alternative vacuum concept used in BSM theory led to unveiling
the structure of the elementary particles as real physical entities.
This allows their presentation in 3D space by orthogonal projections
or perspective views. For the first time the physics obtains a visual
perception for this unseen world. The unique configurations of the
atomic nuclei are extremely attractive for computer graphics. Their
complex but very well ordered 3D structures can be visualized very
effectively by rotation in a virtual space.
The visual perception inevitably will lead to deeper understanding of
the processes at subatomic level.

Visit: www.helical-structures.org and see Helium nuclei and hydrogen
astom (movie), views of selected atoms and the Atlas of Atomic
Nuclear Structures

Abstract: The vision of some great physicists about space, is
different from the currently adopted concept about the physical
vacuum. James Maxwell, known by his famous equations, has been a
strongly motivated supporter of the Ether concept. Albert Einstein
did not disprove the existence of the Ether, but only the existing
model about it. He also did not agree with the formulation of the
Quantum mechanics in 1925 and especially the concept about the space.
The misconception of the formulation of the physical vacuum created a
problem for studying the properties of something real while rejecting
the carrier of these properties. This misconception led to a
consideration that the Maxwell's equations describe completely the
physical vacuum, but in reality they are valid only for the steady
state and not for the transient one. Nikola Tesla, having the
Maxwell's vision and talking about space as a natural medium,
provided experiments unexplainable from a Modern physics point of
view.
----------------------------------------------------------------
    The abstract is from a short article, where the arguments are
presented with references to credible sources. The article with a
title shown in Subject is accessible in the group's Files/BSM
selsction>

Dear group members,

I would like to turn your attention about two well documented
scientific experiments related to the subject matter of our group.
They are sponsored by official institutions. In fact, the second one
is published 8 years after its actual realization. The articles
describing these experiments are accessible on-line.

1. Evgeny Podkletnov, Giovanni Modanese, Impulse Gravity
Generator Based on Charged YbaCu O Superconductor with Composire
Crystal Structure
http: http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0108005

2. V. V. Roschin, S. M. Godin, Experimental Research of the
Magnetic-Gravity Effect (7 KWT enery from a vacuum and 35% weight
loss (antigravitation)
http://www.alexfrolov.narod.ru/russearl.html

The second article is published in New Energy Technology (2001) on-
line magazine (in English), www.faraday.ru/net.htm  but only the
abstracts are available without access fee.  The full article,
however, is accessible in the above given URL. Ignore only the first
page that is some comment in Russian language.
The observed mysterious effects are not explainable by the
contemporary physics. The first article includes the experimental
description plus a possible explanation. The second article includes
only the experimental description (a possible explanation has been
presented elsewhere but not included in this paper). Any attempts for
explanation of the observed phenomena  from the point of view of the
contemporary physics leads to super-abstracted and not well
argumented hypotheses from which one could not derive any reasonable
conclusion. So, I will advise not paying much attention on the
theoretical explanation, but concentrating on the observed features.
Then we may discuss the effects from a different point of view
relying on an alternative concept about the space fabrics.

Sarg137

Due to the kind contribution by Christiaan Tickle the Paul Stowe
article was archived in:
Files/Distinguished articles/Theoretical>news97_1.doc

Carl L to Sarg and Group:  (matter-energy-gravitation@yahoogroups.com)

    Meant to mention that I've tried to go to the long standing good website:

http://www.magna.com.au/~prfbrown/news97_l.html

    unsuccessfully for many days or weeks (using my AOL-ISP service).  The
pages seems to be "unaccessable", either temporarily or permanently.  Too bad
because PRF Brown (Mountain Man Graphics archive, Australia, 1997);and his
articles, including articles of  Paul Stowe's seemed interesting and
professional, and I should have downloaded or "floppy disked" the whole site
when I had the chance many months ago.

Carl L  to Group: (matter-energy-gravitation@yahoogroups.com)

    Interesting statement, you made regarding "limitations of mathematical
logic", in the recent note.

   An   F. J. Muller, (Pres. of  a group, "Natural Philosophy Alliance"),
recently wrote as part of a newsletter:
    "
.........One can "understand a calculation",  but one cannot "calculate an
understanding",  which shows that understanding is bigger than
calculating.......  And understanding Nature requires, basically and
essentially, a knowledge of "Causes" of phenomena....

I just thought that was a kind of cute, concise way of trying to convey a
general feeling that I've always had; but, perhaps, have not often conveyed
so effectively.

Bravo! We're 100% in agreement there! It's similar to when
mathematicians/physicists of the day "proved" mathematically that a
bumblebee shouldn't be able to fly...and yet it flew! ; - >

Sometime the high-end math gets in the way of logic and REALITY!!!

I'm a "hands-on" experimenter, as well as a theoretical researcher: one is
useless without the other.

I look forward to some interesting discussions on this forum...

--Louis


On 5/8/03 12:21 AM, "sarg137" <sarg137@...> wrote:

> It is a time for reviving the group activity. I personally
> apologize for not been active during the last few months. Now the
> group encounters 18 members and it is a time for  active start.  My
> opinion about the group activity is that we must be closer to
> experiments trying to find explanations based on the principle of
> real objectivity, causality and the logical understanding. There is
> only one truth behind any physical phenomenon, but it could be found
> only by logical argumentation. So we must keep ourselves away from
> abstractive fallacy based on mixture of wrongly interpreted
> mathematical logic. In this aspect it is useful to read the short
> article of  Paul Stowe, "Problems and the Philosophy Inherent in
> Modern Physics", Mountain Man Graphics archive, Australia, 1997
> http://www.magna.com.au/~prfbrown/news97_l.html
>
> We must not forget that the mathematics, doesn't matter how
> advance
> it is, is simply a tool invented by the man for understanding the
> Nature. The nature does not work in a way the mathematical equations
> work for us. If saying that some physical phenomenon has a
> mathematical solution but the human logic fail, this means that the
> mathematical model is incomplete. The surviving of the humanity and
> the contemporary progress are based on the solid human logic. Now the
> contemporary physics is plagued of problems (from micro to macro
> Cosmos) for which the silence is preferred. When necessary to mention
> (and explained them) either the overused uncertainty principle comes
> for help or a claim for a failure of the human logic. Such approach
> is misleading, wrong and useless. This is an indication that the
> existing models are incomplete.
>
>
>
>
>
> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> matter-energy-gravitation-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
>
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
>
>

It is a time for reviving the group activity. I personally
apologize for not been active during the last few months. Now the
group encounters 18 members and it is a time for  active start.  My
opinion about the group activity is that we must be closer to
experiments trying to find explanations based on the principle of
real objectivity, causality and the logical understanding. There is
only one truth behind any physical phenomenon, but it could be found
only by logical argumentation. So we must keep ourselves away from
abstractive fallacy based on mixture of wrongly interpreted
mathematical logic. In this aspect it is useful to read the short
article of  Paul Stowe, "Problems and the Philosophy Inherent in
Modern Physics", Mountain Man Graphics archive, Australia, 1997
http://www.magna.com.au/~prfbrown/news97_l.html

   We must not forget that the mathematics, doesn't matter how
advance
it is, is simply a tool invented by the man for understanding the
Nature. The nature does not work in a way the mathematical equations
work for us. If saying that some physical phenomenon has a
mathematical solution but the human logic fail, this means that the
mathematical model is incomplete. The surviving of the humanity and
the contemporary progress are based on the solid human logic. Now the
contemporary physics is plagued of problems (from micro to macro
Cosmos) for which the silence is preferred. When necessary to mention
(and explained them) either the overused uncertainty principle comes
for help or a claim for a failure of the human logic. Such approach
is misleading, wrong and useless. This is an indication that the
existing models are incomplete.

In the beginning of the new millennium the contemporary modern
physics is in crisis. After many decades of efforts a large number of
problems and mysteries exist in all fields of theoretical physics:
from particle physics to cosmology. They are well systematized in the
article "Open questions in Physics"
http://hepweb.rl.ac.uk/ppuk/PhysFAQ/open_questions.html
In the same article one of the biggest problem is emphasized: "How do
you merge Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity to create a
quantum theory of gravity?" The opinion that the modern physics is in
serious trouble has been circulated in the last decade not
officially. Now this problem became more acute and some papers began
to appear even in peer review journals. In a recently published
article  "Physics in crisis" in Physics Today (and in FermiNews
simultaneously), Sidney Nagel (2002) points out the existing gap
between the fast advancing fields of applied science and the
theoretical models of particle physics. He writes; "So, in order to
study geology, condensed matter physics, or biology, does one really
need to know the standard model? Does it even help? Of course not."
The increasing gap between the theoretical physics and applied field
is not a single problem.
Let pose some common sense questions from a logical point of view:
- Why the human logic appears so successful in computer science,
while it fails in the Quantum Mechanics and in the explanation of
space-time enigma?
- Why the causality principle (the relation cause – reaction
characterized with unidirectional time scale) that is so evident and
undisputable in our everyday life, does not work in the theoretical
fields about microcosmos (in particle physics for example)
- Is it reasonable to consider that the enormous matter of the
observable Universe began from one mathematical point (without
dimensions) about 12 billions years ago, or said in other words from
nothing? If so why similar effect has not been happened in another
point? The fundamental stones of the Big Bang theory (with its large
number of problems) are two difficult for proof arguments: (1) the
space of the Universe is isotropic and (2) the red shift of the
galaxies is of Doppler type. Couldn't Big Bang concept be a greatest
illusion in the physics of 20th century?
The "dark matter" became a hot discussed issue in the last decades.
Now signature of dark matter is observed in all spiral galaxies by
measuring of their rotational curves. Currently the analysis of the
observations point out that most of the matter in the visible
Universe is in a form of "dark matter. One of the largest rotation
curve data base of spiral galaxies clearly shows that the "dark
matter" is rather a rule, than exception. (An analysis of 900 optical
rotation curves: Dark matter in a corner?, by D. F. Roscoe,
(1999)). ". In recent years it has been found that the spiral galaxy
contain supermassive black holes. A surprising strong relation has
been found between the mass of the supermassive black hole and the
mass of the whole host galaxy. It seams that the black hole know how
much mass exists in the host galaxy or there is some kind of mass-
energy balance. We are able to observe large distances expressed by
billions light years, but we are not able to measure distances beyond
the Compton wavelength (2.426E-12 (m)) and time intervals below the
Compton's time (8.09E-21 (s)). However, there are two important
physical parameters – the Palnck's length with value of 1.616E-35 (m)
and the Planck's time with value of  5.39E-44 (s). Let considering
now the larger observed parameters with the same dimensions. These
are the largest observable  distance of the Universe (about 12
billions light years and the larger observable time of 12 billion
years. If expressing these two parameters in the same unites they are
respectively …  and … . Then we see that our observable limit of
Compton length and frequency stays closer to the largest observed
values on the scale of distance and time. Then a logical question
appear: Is the matter structures of the Universe terminate at the
Compton length or they exist in the microscale range beyond this
point? We do not have  aright to dismiss the second option, so we
must investigate it. In favor of this is the following logical
consideration. We know that smaller objects possess larger resonance
frequencies. Then the largest frequency corresponding to the Planck's
time is reasonable for the smallest Planck's length.
From the above made considerations we may conclude that the
possibility for existence of microstructures of matter below the
Compton's length could not be excluded. Then it stands to reason
raising a question: Isn't the indirectly detectable "dark matter"
exists only in the distant space from us or it is around us and
even "within us"? If the latter is the case then the "hidden matter"
should be a more appropriate name for this invisible substance? Then
the concept of the vacuum should be inseparable from the concept
of "dark" or "hidden" matter. This automatically leads to a
conclusion that the currently adopted concept about the vacuum space
might not be correct. This, however, is not something new. The
concept about vacuum has been changed four times since the seventeen
century, two times of which are in the last nineteen century.
Until the 17th century the Aristotel's view has been accepted
according to which the vacuum is a physically impossible. It has been
overthrown after the invention of the barometer by the Evangelista
Torrichelli in 1644. The vacuum has been accepted as a pure empty
space. This concept has been changed again in 19th century after the
physicists discover the electromagnetic radiation. In the last
decades of 19 century the concept of the vacuum has been dominated by
the aether theories. In the beginning of 20 century the aether theory
has been ovethrown and replaced by the Einstein vision about the
vacuum. In the article "Can Quantum-mechanical Description of
Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?", A. Einstein, B. Podolsky
and N. Rosen (1935) write: "Every element of the physical reality
must have a counterpart in the physical theory." In one of its
articles H. E. Puthoff, (1997) writes about the Einstein's view about
his theory of General Relativity: "With the rise of special
relativity which did not require reference to such an underlying
substrate, Einstein in 1905 effectively banished the ether in favour
of the concept that empty space constitutes a true void. Ten years
later, however, Einstein's own development of the general theory of
relativity with its concept of curved space and distorted geometry
forced him to reverse his stand and opt for a richly-endowed plenum
under the new label spacetime metric".
In another article H. E. Puthoff (1997) provides a citation from A.
Sakharov (the developer of Russian hydrogen bomb) "Searching to
derive Einstein's phenomenological equations for general relativity
from a more fundamental set of assumptions, Sakharov came to the
conclusion that the entire panoply of general relativistic phenomena
could be seen as induced effects brought about by changes in the
quantum-fluctuation energy of the vacuum due to the presence of
matter".
The concept about the vacuum is a fundamental stone of the modern
physics. If changing this concept number of initially adopted
postulates have to be reconsidered. One of them is the light
velocity. Additionally, some physical laws adopted as absolute may
also occur not universally valid.  One may imagine what could be
effect on the enormous number of highly abstractive theories built on
a mathematical logic. Some of them may catastrophically collapse.
This is the main reason why the concept of vacuum and any
reconsiderations of the adopted laws and postulates are excluded from
discussion in the peer review journals stacked to the mainstream
science. If the current concept about the vacuum, however, is not
correct our vision about the processes in the microworld beyond the
observational point could be significantly distorted. This inevitably
will affect our present concept about the Universe and especially the
theory of Big Bang.
One may ask: What could be the benefits from alternative concept of
the vacuum space followed by revision of the absolutism of the
adopted postulates? The reply is the following:
If stepping on the correct concept of the vacuum space we may obtain
the following benefits:
- obtaining a reference point for solving of space-time enigma.
- resurrection of the power of the human logic in analysis of tough
problems.
- obtaining of logical explanation of the zero point energy of the
vacuum, the cosmic radiation background, the quantum propertries of
the vacuum, fields and their propagation, what is the absolute zero
temperature, quantum motion of the electron and other elementary
partricles
- a possibility for analysis of the phenomena in real three-
dimensional space and one direction of time from a new point of view.
- understanding the rules of the quantum mechanics and relativistic
phenomena.
- finding the relation between gravitational field from one side and
electrical and magnetic fields from the other.
- finding more fundamental laws and postulates from which the known
laws and postulates are derivable
- understanding the relation between matter – energy – gravitation.
Finally we may built a successful unified theory about the Nature and
Universe, that may allow:
- More basic understanding of what is mass, electrical charge and
magnetic field
- Finding out do elementary particle possess structure?
- Understanding the atomic nuclei, their excited states and processes
of radioactivity from   a physical point of view
- Understanding why the orbiting electrons in atoms do not emit EM
energy
- Finding out the boundary conditions of electronic orbits in atoms
- Deeper understanding of the observed cosmological phenomena;
- Studying the possibility for new energy and interstellar flights
from a new point of view.
At this point we must clarify that the acceptance of distributed
hidden matter does not return the physics to the last century age of
the aether theories. More or less they have been based on an aether
substance like an ideal fluid. The recently developed theory titled
Basic Structures of Matter use a unique model about the vacuum space
having nothing common to the ideal fluid. In the same time it is able
to satisfy all the above considerations. The correct vacuum concept
alone is not still enough guarantor for building of successful
unified field theory. A new methodology is also required. It is
described in the article "New approach for building of unified theory
about the Universe and some results", by S. Sarg (2002).
Discussion: Why any alternative concept about the vacuum is
considered as a taboo in the main streem science? In the present time
it is quite difficult to find a scientific conference or peer review
journal for expression and discussion of alternative concept.

References:

L. Ferrarese, D. Merrit, A fundamental relation between supermassive
black holes and their host galaxies, arXiv: astro-ph/0006053 v. 29
Aug 2000

S. Nagel, Physics in crisis, Physics Today, Sep 2002, 55-58
D. F. Roscoe, An analysis of 900 optical rotation curves: Dark matter
in a corner?, Phahama - journal of physics, Indian Academy of
Sciences, Vol. 53, No 6 Dec 1999, p. 1033-1037

S. Sarg, New approach for building of unified theory about the
Universe and some results, http://lanl.arxiv.org/abs/physics/0205052
(2002)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this workshop is to acquaint scientists and
people interested in science, that a new approach is discovered for
deeper understanding of the Nature and Universe. This approach allows
the problems to be accessed from different points of view, while
preserving in the same time the scientific style. In such aspects a
broad range of interdisciplinary studies could be involved. It must
be emphasized that the principle of causality, logical understanding
and unveiling the deterministic features are strongly observed in the
new approach. These are new features distinguishing the new approach
from the existing approach in the modern physics. These features are
abandoned in many of the models of contemporary modern physics. They
are replaced by mathematical logic with justification that the human
logic fails in some cases. For instance, large speculations are made
by applying the uncertainty principle and chaos theory for
explanation of cosmological phenomena. Our everyday life and the
enormous progress of the computer science and applied fields of
science indicate that the human logic could not fail. The application
of the new approach also indicates that the human logic never fails.
This includes also the uncertainty principle. There is a quite
logical real phenomenon behind it that could be understood when
accessing the problem from a different point of view.

HOW THE WORKSHOP IS IRGANIZED: In order to achieve its goals the
workshop must have a guideline on which to keep the focus of the
discussion. The guideline will be provided by series of lectures
posted by the moderator. They will follow the direction of developed
bases of unified field theory presented in thesis Basic Structures of
Matter, by S. Sarg. Every member will be able to post its opinion or
write something about the discussed topic. In order to keep the
focus  the moderator should approve the posted messages. This is a
distinguishable feature from many Newsletters, where the members
practically do not have any opportunity for posting.

STYLE OF THE LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS: - scientific and popular,
simultaneously
The lectures may have a popular style but with simultaneous reference
to the scientific source that will be easily accessible.

ACCESSIBILITY OF THE LECTURE SEQUENCE. The posted lecture sequence
will be kept simultaneously in the archive and in a separate folder.
This folder will be easily accessible from the new visitors or member
in order to be faster involved in the topic. When the archive
capacity is full, the oldest messages will be packed in single
archive files and kept for history reference.

WHAT IS A NEW IN THE WORKSHOP: It is quite difficult for scientists
who have alternative vision about the adopted postulates in physics
to find conference or credible scientific forum for exposing of their
idea and having discussions. Such events currently are not funded
because a lack of such programs. The peer review journals are also
under control of mainstream science. All government funds in a final
place are aligned with the direction of the mainstream science where
the features of the new approach are banished. This happens even for
intentionally created government organizations, which must play
independent role, but the key positions are easily occupied by
scientists coming from the same scientific communities.From this
point of view the created workshop provides unique opportunity for
discussion and promoting successful alternative concepts and new
ideas.

POTENTIAL PROFITS: All fields of science could be profited if the
fundamental laws of the Universe are understood. The progress will be
equivalent to the progress achieved in the computer science where the
developments are based on a correct and clearly understood
fundamental base. The process will be accompanied by number of
discoveries in different field of physics. This will play a positive
role in solving of number of global problems on the Earth.

Author: S. Sarg

"An alternative concept about vacuum solves paradoxes in physic"

One of the long-standing problems in physics is how the gravitational
field is related to the electrical and magnetic fields. The key for
solving of this tough problem might be in the understanding of the
vacuum space.  The concept about the vacuum has been changed four
times since the seventeen century, two of which are in the beginning
of 20th century. If the currently accepted concept is not correct,
our vision about the structures and processes in the micro world,
beyond the observational limit, might be distorted.
An alternative concept about vacuum provides a reference point for
solving of the space-time enigma. This gives a unique opportunity for
understanding the mysteries of the quantum mechanics and relativity
by a classical approach. The resurrected logical understanding allows
analysis of tough problems in quite broad range of space and time –
from the particle physics to Cosmology.
An interdisciplinary study from different fields of physics and
chemistry indicates that the real atoms are different from the
planetary atomic models. This difference is not of energetic but of
structural aspect. Based on a new concept about the vacuum space, a
recently developed unified theory called Basic Structures of Matter
(BSM) allowed unveiling of the real physical structures of the atoms
and elementary particles. The obtained physical models of the atoms
exhibit the same energetic levels as the quantum mechanical models,
while possessing nuclear structures different from the nuclei in the
planetary atomic models. The derived models with fully identifiable
parameters and positions of quantum orbits allow studying the
physical conditions behind the structural and bond restrictions of
the atoms connected in molecules. The existing data base about
structure and atomic composition of the organic and biomolecules
provides an opportunity for test and validation of the derived models
of the atoms.

The relation "matter – energy- intrinsic gravitation" appears to be
the most fundamental one from which all other known physical laws and
postulates could be derived. The Basic Structures of Matter theory is
built around the cornerstone of that relation. The Atlas of Atomic
Nuclear Structures (ANS) is one of the major outcomes from BSM
theory. The suggested physical models of atoms could be useful for
theoretical analysis of organic and biomolecules and for structure
modelling in the fields of nanotechnology.
Both, the BSM monograph and the Atlas of ANS with some articles about
their potential applications are temporally available in
www.helical-structures.org

The BSM and Atlas ANS are also archived in www.nlc-
bnc.ca/amicus/index-e.html (National Library of Canada) as:

  BSM monograph, Dewey Class.: 530.14/2 21  AMICUS No. 27105955
  Atlas ANS,     Dewey Class.: 530.14/2 21  AMICUS No. 27106037