Thomas:

This is a question that has been asked endlessly.

All depends on the system the energy usage.

If is for charging a battery, you will need a controller when the battery is
full, no matter what power if the battery can be damaged with the overcharge .
Example, for a special case , I had to make a small turbine , 5 watts to charge
a battery for a remote sensor and transmitter and receiver, the turbine had a
controller to insure that the battery did not suffer any overcharge.Solar could
not be used, neither wind .

Any time the load  had an over voltage or over current that could damage it,
then a controller is needed, independent of the energy level.

Nando

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Thomas Miezejeski
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Cc: Jon Younghans
   Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 4:48 PM
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations



   Nando,

   I have been reading posts to this groups and find you to be the most frequent
contributor.

   What is your view on the upper limit on power output before one gets involved
with regulators?


   Tom Miezejeski

   --- On Tue, 11/10/09, Nando <nando37@...> wrote:

   From: Nando <nando37@...>
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Cc: jmorken@...
   Date: Tuesday, November 10, 2009, 2:35 PM



   Jamie:

   I checked with the eBay member selling the pelton and the report was that it
is the overall diameter of the turbine.

   Due to what is shown in eBay member selling page and the facts that he reports
ONLY the overall diameter and the wheel shown clearly has too FEW BUCKETS, is
logical to know that he does not know anything about hydro though it seems made
by the member.

   I would not acquire such turbine

   I took the Pelton picture and measurements trying to find the pressure point =
165 mm estimated

   The true RPM is going to be much higher to the diameters ratio and such view
it seems to be around 204/165 * 880 = 1088 RPM.

   Nando

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Nando
   To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
   Cc: jmorken@shaw. ca
   Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 11:31 AM
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations

   Jamie:

   Can you send to me the specifications , brand and model of your brushless DC
motor and where there are more of those ?

   The Pelton Turbine shown has problems:

   NOT enough buckets, they are too far apart.
   It looks that instead of 12, 16 buckets are needed ( lower efficiency).
   The bucket tip open area determines the maximum diameter of the Jet.

   The Buckets are placed radially and for better efficiency and water exiting
the bucket plane needs to be at an angle in reference to the radius that could
go, as high as, 30 degrees

   You need to KNOW the true pressure diameter and not the overall diameter of
it, to be able to calculate the RPM generated with the head you have.

   If diameter is right the RPM would be: in cms

   RPM= 60 * ( {0.49*[SQRRT( 1800 *2 * 981)]}/(3.1416 *20) ) = 880 RPM

   You have 5.66 l/s = 5666 CM^3/S

   NOZZLE D =Nd = 5666/(0.98 *[sqrrt(2 *1800 * 981] * 3.1416] ) = 0.979 cm
diameter = 9.79 mm SINGLE NOZZLE

   I believe that the turbine diameter is lower, making the RPM higher .

   The generator you have may not be the one for such turbine.
   Due to the low number of buckets the efficiency may be much lower, as well

   The site available Max power : 18 * 5.67 * 6 = 612, I expect 400 watts due to
the turbine

   Nando

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: truespace234
   To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
   Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 2:49 AM
   Subject: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations

   Hi,

   I am looking for help to calculate some of the parameters of the micro hydro
project I am setting up. Here are the parameters I have so far:

   pelton wheel: 8.03 inches in diameter (204 mm) with 12 die-cast aluminum cups

   source of pelton wheel: ebay auction:
   http://cgi.ebay. com/Pelton- Water-Wheel- Aluminum- Generator- Projects_
W0QQitemZ1903467 83999

   head height of water: 60 feet (18 meters)

   minimum water flow rate: 227 litres per minute (60 GPM)

   maximum water flow rate: 340 litres per minute (90 GPM)

   size of pipe: 4 inches

   length of pipe: 300 feet (91 meters)

   I am planning on using a brushless DC high voltage generator
   to yield high efficiency as well as low electrical wiring costs.
   The brushless DC motor I have is rated at maximum 1200watts and is 3phase and
runs at about 300VDC rectified at 250RPM.
   The main parameter I am missing is the nozzle size I should use as
   well as the most efficient RPM to spin the generator at. I will probably use
gearing to the motor, since it should spin slower than the pelton wheel I think.

   nozzle size: ?(one or two nozzle configuration)

   pelton wheel RPM: ?

   Thanks for any input! :)

   cheers,
   Jamie

   [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

   [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hmmmm, the cups offered are also made of aluminum.
Are aluminum cups acceptable under a certain set of conditions, or are there
different kind of Aluminum cups which make them last as long as bronze cups? I
seem to recall someone said some boat propellers are made of aluminum and can
survive harsh marine conditions as well. Comments please.
Rocky Rivera
Philippines





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Nando,

Thanks for the reply, regarding the number of cups on the pelton wheel, I
already bought one of these wheels so I will test it to see, I did notice before
that some other pelton wheels had 16 or more cups, but this 12 cup one was the
lowest price I could find..

Thanks for the RPM and nozzle calculations, if I use the recommended
9.79 mm nozzle diameter, would this also be equivalent to 2 nozzles with the
same total cross section area? (ie. two 6.91mm nozzles have the same total area
as the 9.79mm nozzle)

Also to throttle the water flow without changing to a smaller nozzle,
is it ok to use a large (ie. 4" or 2" diameter) ball valve in the feed pipe to
regulate the overall water flow?  Will this cause efficiency loss though as it
acts as a resistance to the flow?
Do you have any tips or links for geometry of high efficiency water nozzles for
this type of application?  Should the 9.79mm nozzle should be as short as
possible to minimize flow resistance?

For the water stream coming out the nozzle, should it hit the pelton wheel
radially or should it have a steeper angle aimed into the pelton wheel?

The brushless DC motor is surplus, it costs a bit over $800 new and was made in
Korea.  It is originally made for a vertical axis wind turbine application, and
has an ironless pancake stator and high power magnets.  If I didn't already have
one of these motors, I would probably use a direct drive higher PRM (1000RPM+)
brushless motor instead.

I think a good solution would be to use a direct drive high voltage brushless DC
generator feeding into a MPPT (power point tracking) regulator to charge a
battery bank! :)

cheers,
Jamie






--- In microhydro@yahoogroups.com, "Nando" <nando37@...> wrote:
>
> Jamie:
>
> I checked with the eBay member selling the pelton and the report was that it
is the overall diameter of the turbine.
>
> Due to what is shown in eBay member selling page and the facts that he reports
ONLY the overall diameter and the wheel shown clearly has too FEW BUCKETS, is
logical to know that he does not know anything about hydro though it seems made
by the member.
>
> I would not acquire such turbine
>
> I took the Pelton picture and measurements trying to find the pressure point =
165 mm estimated
>
> The true RPM is going to be much higher to the diameters ratio and such view
it seems to be around 204/165 * 880 = 1088 RPM.
>
> Nando
>
>
>   ----- Original Message -----
>   From: Nando
>   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
>   Cc: jmorken@...
>   Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 11:31 AM
>   Subject: Re: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations
>
>
>   Jamie:
>
>   Can you send to me the specifications , brand and model of your brushless DC
motor and where there are more of those  ?
>
>   The Pelton Turbine shown has problems:
>
>   NOT enough buckets, they are too far apart.
>   It looks that instead of 12, 16 buckets are needed  ( lower efficiency).
>   The bucket tip open area determines the maximum diameter of the Jet.
>
>
>   The Buckets are placed radially and for better efficiency and water exiting
the bucket plane needs to be at an angle in reference to the radius that could
go, as high as, 30 degrees
>
>   You need to KNOW the true pressure diameter and not the overall diameter of
it, to be able to calculate the RPM generated with the head you have.
>
>   If diameter is right the RPM would be: in cms
>
>   RPM= 60 * ( {0.49*[SQRRT( 1800 *2 * 981)]}/(3.1416 *20) ) = 880 RPM
>
>   You have  5.66 l/s = 5666 CM^3/S
>
>   NOZZLE D =Nd = 5666/(0.98 *[sqrrt(2 *1800 * 981] * 3.1416] ) = 0.979 cm
diameter = 9.79 mm SINGLE NOZZLE
>
>   I believe that the turbine diameter is lower, making the RPM higher .
>
>   The generator you have may not be the one for such turbine.
>   Due to the low number of buckets the efficiency may be much lower, as well
>
>   The site available Max power : 18 * 5.67 * 6 = 612, I expect 400 watts due
to the turbine
>
>   Nando
>
>
>
>     ----- Original Message -----
>     From: truespace234
>     To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
>     Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 2:49 AM
>     Subject: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations
>
>
>
>     Hi,
>
>     I am looking for help to calculate some of the parameters of the micro
hydro project I am setting up. Here are the parameters I have so far:
>
>     pelton wheel: 8.03 inches in diameter (204 mm) with 12 die-cast aluminum
cups
>
>     source of pelton wheel: ebay auction:
>    
http://cgi.ebay.com/Pelton-Water-Wheel-Aluminum-Generator-Projects_W0QQitemZ1903\
46783999
>
>     head height of water: 60 feet (18 meters)
>
>     minimum water flow rate: 227 litres per minute (60 GPM)
>
>     maximum water flow rate: 340 litres per minute (90 GPM)
>
>     size of pipe: 4 inches
>
>     length of pipe: 300 feet (91 meters)
>
>     I am planning on using a brushless DC high voltage generator
>     to yield high efficiency as well as low electrical wiring costs.
>     The brushless DC motor I have is rated at maximum 1200watts and is 3phase
and runs at about 300VDC rectified at 250RPM.
>     The main parameter I am missing is the nozzle size I should use as
>     well as the most efficient RPM to spin the generator at. I will probably
use gearing to the motor, since it should spin slower than the pelton wheel I
think.
>
>     nozzle size: ?(one or two nozzle configuration)
>
>     pelton wheel RPM: ?
>
>     Thanks for any input! :)
>
>     cheers,
>     Jamie
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

I would love to read this.  Is there a link that I didn't get?



From: microhydro@yahoogroups.com [mailto:microhydro@yahoogroups.com] On
Behalf Of David Murray
Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 6:38 AM
To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
Subject: RE: [microhydro] River property restrictions






Goodmorning Steve:

Sorry I didn't catch this yesterday.

This entire concept of free flowing water not being able to be utilized to
capture signifigant amounts of power is just wrong.

The folks who have a classic background in hydraulics feel as though what
they learned in university hydraulic courses and manuals that was accepted
cirriculum, is basically all there is to know about water.

I am going to try to send you and the group a paper about a much dismissed
(formerly but now and gradually , incrementally understood, )
researcher,teacher ,observer, inventor.

A warning here, this is not easy stuff to get your head around, and you may
have to read some paragraphs 3 of 4 times before the concepts become lodged
in your thinking . And even then you may have to revisit many sections to
cement your fledgling concepts with further revelations and with what you
know by experience.

Those of you have spent time fishing while standing in streams will have a
signifigant leg up.

It is never too late in life to go wading in streams and learn to be a
observer. (Just tell people that you are doing research).

This fellow is well reported on the web however I rather like the
illustrations in the particular paper that was forwarded to me a fellow
microhydro group member Noel Squibb from Dartmoor in south west England.

Thank you for your time. David Murray Paris Ontario Canada. 519-442-1503.


To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com <mailto:microhydro%40yahoogroups.com>
From: jrkess98@... <mailto:jrkess98%40aol.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2009 21:13:40 -0500
Subject: Re: [microhydro] River property restrictions

Hi, Steve:
I am sure others will weigh in on this, but in general, without some kind
of 'head-raising' device (like a dam), you won't harvest more than maybe a
couple hundred watts, under any circumstance.
John Kessler, Ft. Lauderdale

In a message dated 11/9/2009 4:56:14 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
steven.d.morse@... <mailto:steven.d.morse%40boeing.com>  writes:

Hello group,

I am looking for a retirement property for myself and also a community
property for my children. I have wanted to be off grid and self sustainable
since the 1970's. I am starting to look now for river front property because

I like micro-hydro power, irrigation, summer cooling and food resourses
available along the river.

I understand that local and federal laws (USA) may not allow private
development of micro-hydro or permanent structures to be built on many river

banks or along water ways. I want to know where to find legal restrictions/
limitations or if any exist so I can make an informed decision what
individual property is a good purchase for micro-hydro.

Are there creative legal ways to add micro-hydro where there are
restrictions and limitations? I would be most thankful for any help and
suggestions
and information to help narrow my search. I would prefer to find a property
in the South or Southeast USA where Solar is more efficient and winter
heating season is short.

Best regards
Steve Morse
Aerospace Engineer
Missouri USA

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


__________________________________________________________
Ready. Set. Get a great deal on Windows 7. See fantastic deals on Windows 7
now
http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9691818

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

I have had the same idea and done a little research.

Due to all kinds on zoning, water usage rules, and other legal problems I have
come to the conclusion that finding an old mill site is the best idea.

Most of them are "grandfathered" as far as the rules are concerned, so that
often modren regulations do not apply.

Some may be concidered "historic" and you can get grants for fixing them up.
This money does come with strings though, so have an expert go over the
paperwork before you sign anything.

But water power is an old idea and there are many good sites that are now
abndoned with the avialibly of high line power.

Nando,
 
I have been reading posts to this groups and find you to be the most frequent
contributor. 
 
What is your view on the upper limit on power output before one gets involved
with regulators?
 


Tom Miezejeski


--- On Tue, 11/10/09, Nando <nando37@...> wrote:


From: Nando <nando37@...>
Subject: Re: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations
To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
Cc: jmorken@...
Date: Tuesday, November 10, 2009, 2:35 PM


 



Jamie:

I checked with the eBay member selling the pelton and the report was that it is
the overall diameter of the turbine.

Due to what is shown in eBay member selling page and the facts that he reports
ONLY the overall diameter and the wheel shown clearly has too FEW BUCKETS, is
logical to know that he does not know anything about hydro though it seems made
by the member.

I would not acquire such turbine

I took the Pelton picture and measurements trying to find the pressure point =
165 mm estimated

The true RPM is going to be much higher to the diameters ratio and such view it
seems to be around 204/165 * 880 = 1088 RPM.

Nando

----- Original Message -----
From: Nando
To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
Cc: jmorken@shaw. ca
Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 11:31 AM
Subject: Re: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations

Jamie:

Can you send to me the specifications , brand and model of your brushless DC
motor and where there are more of those ?

The Pelton Turbine shown has problems:

NOT enough buckets, they are too far apart.
It looks that instead of 12, 16 buckets are needed ( lower efficiency).
The bucket tip open area determines the maximum diameter of the Jet.

The Buckets are placed radially and for better efficiency and water exiting the
bucket plane needs to be at an angle in reference to the radius that could go,
as high as, 30 degrees

You need to KNOW the true pressure diameter and not the overall diameter of it,
to be able to calculate the RPM generated with the head you have.

If diameter is right the RPM would be: in cms

RPM= 60 * ( {0.49*[SQRRT( 1800 *2 * 981)]}/(3.1416 *20) ) = 880 RPM

You have 5.66 l/s = 5666 CM^3/S

NOZZLE D =Nd = 5666/(0.98 *[sqrrt(2 *1800 * 981] * 3.1416] ) = 0.979 cm diameter
= 9.79 mm SINGLE NOZZLE

I believe that the turbine diameter is lower, making the RPM higher .

The generator you have may not be the one for such turbine.
Due to the low number of buckets the efficiency may be much lower, as well

The site available Max power : 18 * 5.67 * 6 = 612, I expect 400 watts due to
the turbine

Nando

----- Original Message -----
From: truespace234
To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 2:49 AM
Subject: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations

Hi,

I am looking for help to calculate some of the parameters of the micro hydro
project I am setting up. Here are the parameters I have so far:

pelton wheel: 8.03 inches in diameter (204 mm) with 12 die-cast aluminum cups

source of pelton wheel: ebay auction:
http://cgi.ebay. com/Pelton- Water-Wheel- Aluminum- Generator- Projects_
W0QQitemZ1903467 83999

head height of water: 60 feet (18 meters)

minimum water flow rate: 227 litres per minute (60 GPM)

maximum water flow rate: 340 litres per minute (90 GPM)

size of pipe: 4 inches

length of pipe: 300 feet (91 meters)

I am planning on using a brushless DC high voltage generator
to yield high efficiency as well as low electrical wiring costs.
The brushless DC motor I have is rated at maximum 1200watts and is 3phase and
runs at about 300VDC rectified at 250RPM.
The main parameter I am missing is the nozzle size I should use as
well as the most efficient RPM to spin the generator at. I will probably use
gearing to the motor, since it should spin slower than the pelton wheel I think.

nozzle size: ?(one or two nozzle configuration)

pelton wheel RPM: ?

Thanks for any input! :)

cheers,
Jamie

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]











[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Agreed, at least in part. I do not agree with your inference that something
needs to be done to pass judgement on Ginnee. Time to turn your other cheek,
Ron. Put this behind you and move on.

It does not make sense for you to do business with Ginnee, and she has made it
apparent that she does not want to do business with you.

So, since you have not shipped anything just give her a refund.

I would be happy to be a go-between to make sure it happens fairly.

Otto Rike wrote at 01:11 PM 11/10/2009:

>Regarding Ginnee Hancock's claims
>that I deliberately led her to believe I was selling her bronze
>turgos with the intention of sending aluminum:
>Â Â  Some
>of you might have noticed that she announced right away that she did
>not intend to present the relevant emails regarding this matter.
>
>Â So, she expected you to pass judgment on a serious
>accusation regarding an original member of this group based on no
>more than her word, something which, as we saw, several of you were quite
willing
>to do.
>Â Â  For any of the membership who are actually
>interested in the facts of this case I am more than happy to present
>ALL of the email correspondence, although it actually  only
>requires one or two to prove that Ginnee's accusations are false and
>malicious, and by whom they were inspired.
>Â  They also show
>that the statements made by "Nando" are false as well,
>beginning with his claim that he and Joseph Hartvigsen only learned
>of Ginnee's existence some time after she had ordered the aluminum
>turgos from me.
>Â The group archives show "Nando"
>offering her advice on Oct 2. 2007.
>
>Â Â  Where I come
>from it only takes one lie to make a man (or woman) a liar.
>Â Â Â
>
> Since Ginnee has asked the group to pass judgment on this
>matter, what should be done if after having given the matter serious
>consideration the members decide she has knowingly made false and
>highly damaging accusations to the worldwide microhydro community,
>(and what about those who inspired her to do so)?
>
>Â Ron
>Davis
> watermotor.net
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>--- On Fri, 11/6/09, Bill Sepmeier <bill@...> wrote:
>
>From: Bill Sepmeier <bill@...>
>Subject: [microhydro] He needs help, alright.
>To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
>Date: Friday, November 6, 2009, 3:14 PM
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Â
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>      At 06:30 PM 11/4/2009, you wrote:
>
>>
>
>>
>
>>Wim Klunne,world class [edited] !
>
>
>
>Now there's a stable individual ... spamming the forum with insults
>
>to the moderator rather than addressing the issue.  Oh yeah.  Must be
>
>a real slow day in BFE.
>
>
>
>Perhaps El Flako could find time to update his web site, add
>
>something besides a local newspaper article from over a decade ago,
>
>if he's got nothing to do. Or deliver a working product to the poor
>
>folks who can't spot the problems with a business website that still
>
>has 1999 content online and a "yahoo" email contact address (which my
>
>cats both have - anybody can get a yahoo email account).
>
>
>
>It's a shame ... the "watermotor" concept powered America's early
>
>industrial revolution; direct mechanical energy is a proven
>
>concept.  Not exactly patentable though - anybody could attach a
>
>decent turgo or Pelton runner to a shaft and take power off with a
>
>few pulleys - after all, they were doing it before the American
>
>revolution.  Ran entire mills this way.  Perhaps it's time someone
>
>reputable and stable did so again.  If they do, I'm sure this Ginnee
>
>person would love to evaluate the beta product.  Let's see ... a
>
>runner on a short shaft in a steel box, 4 small pipes-as-jets and a
>
>sealed over-the-counter bearing on each end. A couple of pulleys for
>
>power take off.  Cost of materials and labor to build - maybe
>
>$150.  Anybody want to jump into this business? Or is El Flako's free
>
>time due to the lack of any market for this thing, other than in his
>
>own head?
>
>
>
>Wim ... we've never met, but my apologies to you on this guy's
>
>behalf, since he's obviously spent too much time by himself in a hot
>
>and overly humid climate.  Perhaps you could block his ISP's entire
>
>subnetwork mask?
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>------------------------------------
>
>Does your company feature in the microhydro business directory at
http://microhydropower.net/directory ? If not, please register free of charge
and be exposed to the microhydro community world wide!
>
>NOTE: The advertisements in this email are added by Yahoogroups who provides us
with free email group services. The microhydro-group does not endorse products
or support the advertisements in any way.
>
>More information on micro hydropower at http://microhydropower.net
>
>To unsubscribe: send empty message to
microhydro-unsubscribe@...! Groups Links
>
>
>

Regarding Ginnee Hancock's claims
that I deliberately led her to believe I was selling her bronze
turgos with the intention of sending aluminum:
   Some
of you might have noticed that she announced right away that she did
not intend to present the relevant emails regarding this matter.

 So, she expected you to pass judgment on a serious
accusation regarding an original member of this group based on no
more than her word, something which, as we saw, several of you were quite
willing
to do.
   For any of the membership who are actually
interested in the facts of this case I am more than happy to present
ALL of the email correspondence, although it actually  only
requires one or two to prove that Ginnee's accusations are false and
malicious, and by whom they were inspired.
  They also show
that the statements made by "Nando" are false as well,
beginning with his claim that he and Joseph Hartvigsen only learned
of Ginnee's existence some time after she had ordered the aluminum
turgos from me.
 The group archives show "Nando"
offering her advice on Oct 2. 2007.

   Where I come
from it only takes one lie to make a man (or woman) a liar.
   

  Since Ginnee has asked the group to pass judgment on this
matter, what should be done if after having given the matter serious
consideration the members decide she has knowingly made false and
highly damaging accusations to the worldwide microhydro community,
(and what about those who inspired her to do so)?

 Ron
Davis
  watermotor.net














--- On Fri, 11/6/09, Bill Sepmeier <bill@...> wrote:

From: Bill Sepmeier <bill@...>
Subject: [microhydro] He needs help, alright.
To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
Date: Friday, November 6, 2009, 3:14 PM







 









       At 06:30 PM 11/4/2009, you wrote:

>

>

>Wim Klunne,world class [edited] !



Now there's a stable individual ... spamming the forum with insults

to the moderator rather than addressing the issue.  Oh yeah.  Must be

a real slow day in BFE.



Perhaps El Flako could find time to update his web site, add

something besides a local newspaper article from over a decade ago,

if he's got nothing to do. Or deliver a working product to the poor

folks who can't spot the problems with a business website that still

has 1999 content online and a "yahoo" email contact address (which my

cats both have - anybody can get a yahoo email account).



It's a shame ... the "watermotor" concept powered America's early

industrial revolution; direct mechanical energy is a proven

concept.  Not exactly patentable though - anybody could attach a

decent turgo or Pelton runner to a shaft and take power off with a

few pulleys - after all, they were doing it before the American

revolution.  Ran entire mills this way.  Perhaps it's time someone

reputable and stable did so again.  If they do, I'm sure this Ginnee

person would love to evaluate the beta product.  Let's see ... a

runner on a short shaft in a steel box, 4 small pipes-as-jets and a

sealed over-the-counter bearing on each end. A couple of pulleys for

power take off.  Cost of materials and labor to build - maybe

$150.  Anybody want to jump into this business? Or is El Flako's free

time due to the lack of any market for this thing, other than in his

own head?



Wim ... we've never met, but my apologies to you on this guy's

behalf, since he's obviously spent too much time by himself in a hot

and overly humid climate.  Perhaps you could block his ISP's entire

subnetwork mask?

























[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Jamie:

I checked with the eBay member selling the pelton and the report was that it is
the overall diameter of the turbine.

Due to what is shown in eBay member selling page and the facts that he reports
ONLY the overall diameter and the wheel shown clearly has too FEW BUCKETS, is
logical to know that he does not know anything about hydro though it seems made
by the member.

I would not acquire such turbine

I took the Pelton picture and measurements trying to find the pressure point =
165 mm estimated

The true RPM is going to be much higher to the diameters ratio and such view it
seems to be around 204/165 * 880 = 1088 RPM.

Nando


   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Nando
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Cc: jmorken@...
   Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 11:31 AM
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations


   Jamie:

   Can you send to me the specifications , brand and model of your brushless DC
motor and where there are more of those  ?

   The Pelton Turbine shown has problems:

   NOT enough buckets, they are too far apart.
   It looks that instead of 12, 16 buckets are needed  ( lower efficiency).
   The bucket tip open area determines the maximum diameter of the Jet.


   The Buckets are placed radially and for better efficiency and water exiting
the bucket plane needs to be at an angle in reference to the radius that could
go, as high as, 30 degrees

   You need to KNOW the true pressure diameter and not the overall diameter of
it, to be able to calculate the RPM generated with the head you have.

   If diameter is right the RPM would be: in cms

   RPM= 60 * ( {0.49*[SQRRT( 1800 *2 * 981)]}/(3.1416 *20) ) = 880 RPM

   You have  5.66 l/s = 5666 CM^3/S

   NOZZLE D =Nd = 5666/(0.98 *[sqrrt(2 *1800 * 981] * 3.1416] ) = 0.979 cm
diameter = 9.79 mm SINGLE NOZZLE

   I believe that the turbine diameter is lower, making the RPM higher .

   The generator you have may not be the one for such turbine.
   Due to the low number of buckets the efficiency may be much lower, as well

   The site available Max power : 18 * 5.67 * 6 = 612, I expect 400 watts due to
the turbine

   Nando



     ----- Original Message -----
     From: truespace234
     To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
     Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 2:49 AM
     Subject: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations



     Hi,

     I am looking for help to calculate some of the parameters of the micro hydro
project I am setting up. Here are the parameters I have so far:

     pelton wheel: 8.03 inches in diameter (204 mm) with 12 die-cast aluminum
cups

     source of pelton wheel: ebay auction:
    
http://cgi.ebay.com/Pelton-Water-Wheel-Aluminum-Generator-Projects_W0QQitemZ1903\
46783999

     head height of water: 60 feet (18 meters)

     minimum water flow rate: 227 litres per minute (60 GPM)

     maximum water flow rate: 340 litres per minute (90 GPM)

     size of pipe: 4 inches

     length of pipe: 300 feet (91 meters)

     I am planning on using a brushless DC high voltage generator
     to yield high efficiency as well as low electrical wiring costs.
     The brushless DC motor I have is rated at maximum 1200watts and is 3phase
and runs at about 300VDC rectified at 250RPM.
     The main parameter I am missing is the nozzle size I should use as
     well as the most efficient RPM to spin the generator at. I will probably use
gearing to the motor, since it should spin slower than the pelton wheel I think.

     nozzle size: ?(one or two nozzle configuration)

     pelton wheel RPM: ?

     Thanks for any input! :)

     cheers,
     Jamie





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Jamie:

Can you send to me the specifications , brand and model of your brushless DC
motor and where there are more of those  ?

The Pelton Turbine shown has problems:

NOT enough buckets, they are too far apart.
It looks that instead of 12, 16 buckets are needed  ( lower efficiency).
The bucket tip open area determines the maximum diameter of the Jet.


The Buckets are placed radially and for better efficiency and water exiting the
bucket plane needs to be at an angle in reference to the radius that could go,
as high as, 30 degrees

You need to KNOW the true pressure diameter and not the overall diameter of it,
to be able to calculate the RPM generated with the head you have.

If diameter is right the RPM would be: in cms

RPM= 60 * ( {0.49*[SQRRT( 1800 *2 * 981)]}/(3.1416 *20) ) = 880 RPM

You have  5.66 l/s = 5666 CM^3/S

NOZZLE D =Nd = 5666/(0.98 *[sqrrt(2 *1800 * 981] * 3.1416] ) = 0.979 cm diameter
= 9.79 mm SINGLE NOZZLE

I believe that the turbine diameter is lower, making the RPM higher .

The generator you have may not be the one for such turbine.
Due to the low number of buckets the efficiency may be much lower, as well

The site available Max power : 18 * 5.67 * 6 = 612, I expect 400 watts due to
the turbine

Nando



   ----- Original Message -----
   From: truespace234
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 2:49 AM
   Subject: [microhydro] pelton wheel calculations



   Hi,

   I am looking for help to calculate some of the parameters of the micro hydro
project I am setting up. Here are the parameters I have so far:

   pelton wheel: 8.03 inches in diameter (204 mm) with 12 die-cast aluminum cups

   source of pelton wheel: ebay auction:
  
http://cgi.ebay.com/Pelton-Water-Wheel-Aluminum-Generator-Projects_W0QQitemZ1903\
46783999

   head height of water: 60 feet (18 meters)

   minimum water flow rate: 227 litres per minute (60 GPM)

   maximum water flow rate: 340 litres per minute (90 GPM)

   size of pipe: 4 inches

   length of pipe: 300 feet (91 meters)

   I am planning on using a brushless DC high voltage generator
   to yield high efficiency as well as low electrical wiring costs.
   The brushless DC motor I have is rated at maximum 1200watts and is 3phase and
runs at about 300VDC rectified at 250RPM.
   The main parameter I am missing is the nozzle size I should use as
   well as the most efficient RPM to spin the generator at. I will probably use
gearing to the motor, since it should spin slower than the pelton wheel I think.

   nozzle size: ?(one or two nozzle configuration)

   pelton wheel RPM: ?

   Thanks for any input! :)

   cheers,
   Jamie





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

  The line "Nando"  is repeating regarding copyrights comes directly from
Joseph Hartvigsen. This is what Hartvigsen has been telling the group for the
last four years, since Dec. 12, 05 (since removed by Klunne) in order to
convince the membership that he and his "partner" Peter Ruyter owned the turgo
design.

http://www.mail-archive.com/microhydro@yahoogroups.com/msg01659.html

 I checked with the Swedish patent office and they told me exactly what
Johannes is saying. So did my patent lawyer:
Copyright does not apply to functioning machine parts, but Wim Klunne in his
wisdom would not allow me to reply to the group. It is strange that Hartvigsen
could make such an error because he has received special training in
understanding and using intellectual property rights from his company. 
Since we are on this subject, 
  neither Hartvigsen nor Ruyter has ever been able to prove there is any such
person as the widow Ingela Carlson, from whom they claim  Ruyter purchased the
turgo design "copyright", or when or where this transaction took place, as much
as it would be in their interest to do so.
 In fact, they can't even tell us the name of the inventor.
  The Swedish National Police, and the Swedish Microhydro Association knows of
no such person. A reward offered in eleven Swedish newspapers, and to five
detective agencies has failed to turn up either Hartvigsen's widow or any trace
of her inventor husband.
  Yet this story is the basis of Hartvigsen's repeated statements to this group
and the microhydro community over the last four years in proof (the only
"proof") of their design ownership, last made in March of this year, and that my
turbines are "illegal", to which I was not allowed to reply by Wim Klunne.
 THIS is what Hartvigsen and "Nando"  have used to destroy our Watermotor
project.


 Ron Davis
 watermotor.net
  
 
--- On Tue, 11/10/09, yheinola <yheinola@...> wrote:

From: yheinola <yheinola@...>
Subject: [microhydro] Re: Patents and copyrights
To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
Date: Tuesday, November 10, 2009, 9:35 AM







 











Hello Nando,



Please, remember that I have only expressed my opinion shortly and then

given a couple of quotations from the websites of the US government

offices. I'm very sorry if that offends you.



I don't pretend to be a lawyer of any kind. How the US law is

`utilized' doesn't concern me at all. The information from

the US government websites is clear enough for me.



I know a lot of piracy and illegal copying takes place in the world. By

any means I don't support that. But we wouldn't solve that

problem by spreading inaccurate information concerning copyrights. I

don't want to impose my ideas to anybody, that's why I give the

references to official information sources for everyone to read by

themselves.



I hoped that you would read my message and the quotations up to the end.

You interpreted the phrase "and certain other intellectual

works" as it would cover all or "any" intellectual works

including machines and machine parts. However, the second quotation from

the USPTO clearly excludes the machine designs from copyrights:



"The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the

subject matter of the writing. For example, a description of a machine

could be copyrighted, but this would only prevent others from copying

the description; it would not prevent others from writing a description

of their own or from making and using the machine."



The statement is clear. When I make a machine design, the copyright will

protect my drawing but the design itself is not protected. The copyright

prevents others from copying or selling my drawing but doesn't

prevent anybody from making the machine exactly according my design.



I agree with you that the discussion on this topic shouldn't

continue long, since the matter doesn't concern the MHP community

unless we start to write books or do artistic works etc.



I just expected that you would support your opinion with a clear

statement from some official source of information. In conclusion I

still wait two things from you:



1)      Please give official information and a link to support your

stand.



2)      Explain what is the use of the patent system if all the

technical designs are already protected by copyright.



When these two topics get satisfactory answer, we will easily and

happily agree on this matter.



Thanking for your interest in discussion,



Johannes



http://www.uspto. gov/patents/ basics/index. html

<http://www.uspto. gov/patents/ basics/index. html>



--- In microhydro@yahoogro ups.com, "Nando" <nando37@... > wrote:

>

> I knew that I was opening a big CAN of Worms !!

>

> Unhappily, too many will try to show that they are "lawyers"

specialized in intellectual property laws.

>

> Start by investigating how many times this law was "utilized" to solve

the problems covering the law and how many of those did cover "Physical

tangible form of expression".

>

> If you have known it, your message should not have "existed" at all.

>

> You copied a part:

> Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United

States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of

authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and

certain other intellectual works.

>

> Last part of the messages = and certain other intellectual works --

this alone says if someone invented something and that represents a

"physical tangible form of expression" then it is protected !!!

>

> Which includes any physical object --

>

> These are not my words or my "analysis " of the law, which by

definition I am not doing it, not I want it, because I am not a lawyer.

>

> Since this thread will not have any end -- due to the human nature --

I will be not continue with the thread -- it is senseless .

>

> Nando

>

>

>   ----- Original Message -----

>   From: yheinola

>   To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com

>   Sent: Monday, November 09, 2009 2:44 AM

>   Subject: Re: [microhydro] Patents and copyrights

>

>

>

>   Dear Mr. Nando,

>

>   Do you mean that the US Patent and Trademark Office don't know

patents and copyrights?

>   I did read your messages. The official information that I have seen,

including the links in your messages, don't mention technical

innovations in connection to copyrights. Neither there are any words

about machines or technology. Please, see the partial quotation from the

link in your own message.

>   (http://www.uspto. gov/smallbusines s/copyrights/ faq.html# 2)

>

>   --- Beginning of quotation ---

>

>   WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?

>

>   Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United

States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of

authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and

certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both

published and unpublished works. Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act

generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to

authorize others to do the following:

>   . To reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords;

>   . To prepare derivative works based upon the work;

>   . To distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by

sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;

>   . To perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical,

dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and

other audiovisual works;

>   . To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary,

musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial,

graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a

motion picture or other audiovisual work; and

>   . In the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by

means of a digital audio transmission.

>   ------------ --------- ----

>

>   WHAT WORKS ARE PROTECTED?

>

>   Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are fixed in

a tangible form of expression. The fixation need not be directly

perceptible so long as it may be communicated with the aid of a machine

or device. Copyrightable works include the following categories:

>   . literary works;

>   . musical works, including any accompanying words

>   . dramatic works, including any accompanying music

>   . pantomimes and choreographic works

>   . pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works

>   . motion pictures and other audiovisual works

>   . sound recordings

>   . architectural works

>

>   --- End of quotation ---

>

>   The following information is from The United States Patent and

Trademark Office (USPTO)

>   http://www.uspto. gov/patents/ basics/index. html

>

>   --- Beginning of quotation ---

>

>   WHAT ARE PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, SERVICEMARKS, AND COPYRIGHTS?

>

>   Some people confuse patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Although

there may be some similarities among these kinds of intellectual

property protection, they are different and serve different purposes.

>

>   WHAT IS A PATENT?

>

>   A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the

inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Generally, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which

the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, in

special cases, from the date an earlier related application was filed,

subject to the payment of maintenance fees. U.S. patent grants are

effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S.

possessions. Under certain circumstances, patent term extensions or

adjustments may be available.

>

>   The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the

statute and of the grant itself, "the right to exclude others from

making, using, offering for sale, or selling" the invention in the

United States or "importing" the invention into the United States. What

is granted is not the right to make, use, offer for sale, sell or

import, but the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for

sale, selling or importing the invention. Once a patent is issued, the

patentee must enforce the patent without aid of the USPTO.

>   ------------ ---------

>

>   WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?

>

>   Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of

"original works of authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical,

artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and

unpublished. The 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of

copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the copyrighted work, to

prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or phonorecords of the

copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly, or to

display the copyrighted work publicly.

>

>   The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the

subject matter of the writing. For example, a description of a machine

could be copyrighted, but this would only prevent others from copying

the description; it would not prevent others from writing a description

of their own or from making and using the machine. Copyrights are

registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress.

>

>   --- End of quotation ---

>

>   Greetings,

>   Johannes

>

>

>

>

>

> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

























[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

You have not offended me !!
If You think that you did because my writing, I am asking for forgiveness, I did
not mean to imply such thought.

A fast reply -- like I said, I will not continue with this thread it will last
for ever and right now I am tooooooo busy to spend a lot of time with this
thread.

I am not going to search to give you information, I have not kept past records
on this subject  -- do your own if you like to proceed with it and maybe better
ask lawyers experts in the law, specially those within the copyright law

This is an endless thread , specifically wanted by one or two fellows in the
group.

No further commentaries from me.

Nando


   ----- Original Message -----
   From: yheinola
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 3:35 AM
   Subject: [microhydro] Re: Patents and copyrights




   Hello Nando,

   Please, remember that I have only expressed my opinion shortly and then
   given a couple of quotations from the websites of the US government
   offices. I'm very sorry if that offends you.

   I don't pretend to be a lawyer of any kind. How the US law is
   `utilized' doesn't concern me at all. The information from
   the US government websites is clear enough for me.

   I know a lot of piracy and illegal copying takes place in the world. By
   any means I don't support that. But we wouldn't solve that
   problem by spreading inaccurate information concerning copyrights. I
   don't want to impose my ideas to anybody, that's why I give the
   references to official information sources for everyone to read by
   themselves.

   I hoped that you would read my message and the quotations up to the end.
   You interpreted the phrase "and certain other intellectual
   works" as it would cover all or "any" intellectual works
   including machines and machine parts. However, the second quotation from
   the USPTO clearly excludes the machine designs from copyrights:

   "The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the
   subject matter of the writing. For example, a description of a machine
   could be copyrighted, but this would only prevent others from copying
   the description; it would not prevent others from writing a description
   of their own or from making and using the machine."

   The statement is clear. When I make a machine design, the copyright will
   protect my drawing but the design itself is not protected. The copyright
   prevents others from copying or selling my drawing but doesn't
   prevent anybody from making the machine exactly according my design.

   I agree with you that the discussion on this topic shouldn't
   continue long, since the matter doesn't concern the MHP community
   unless we start to write books or do artistic works etc.

   I just expected that you would support your opinion with a clear
   statement from some official source of information. In conclusion I
   still wait two things from you:

   1) Please give official information and a link to support your
   stand.

   2) Explain what is the use of the patent system if all the
   technical designs are already protected by copyright.

   When these two topics get satisfactory answer, we will easily and
   happily agree on this matter.

   Thanking for your interest in discussion,

   Johannes

   http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html
   <http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html>

   --- In microhydro@yahoogroups.com, "Nando" <nando37@...> wrote:
   >
   > I knew that I was opening a big CAN of Worms !!
   >
   > Unhappily, too many will try to show that they are "lawyers"
   specialized in intellectual property laws.
   >
   > Start by investigating how many times this law was "utilized" to solve
   the problems covering the law and how many of those did cover "Physical
   tangible form of expression".
   >
   > If you have known it, your message should not have "existed" at all.
   >
   > You copied a part:
   > Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United
   States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of
   authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and
   certain other intellectual works.
   >
   > Last part of the messages = and certain other intellectual works --
   this alone says if someone invented something and that represents a
   "physical tangible form of expression" then it is protected !!!
   >
   > Which includes any physical object --
   >
   > These are not my words or my "analysis " of the law, which by
   definition I am not doing it, not I want it, because I am not a lawyer.
   >
   > Since this thread will not have any end -- due to the human nature --
   I will be not continue with the thread -- it is senseless .
   >
   > Nando
   >
   >
   > ----- Original Message -----
   > From: yheinola
   > To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   > Sent: Monday, November 09, 2009 2:44 AM
   > Subject: Re: [microhydro] Patents and copyrights
   >
   >
   >
   > Dear Mr. Nando,
   >
   > Do you mean that the US Patent and Trademark Office don't know
   patents and copyrights?
   > I did read your messages. The official information that I have seen,
   including the links in your messages, don't mention technical
   innovations in connection to copyrights. Neither there are any words
   about machines or technology. Please, see the partial quotation from the
   link in your own message.
   > (http://www.uspto.gov/smallbusiness/copyrights/faq.html#2)
   >
   > --- Beginning of quotation ---
   >
   > WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?
   >
   > Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United
   States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of
   authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and
   certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both
   published and unpublished works. Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act
   generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to
   authorize others to do the following:
   > . To reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords;
   > . To prepare derivative works based upon the work;
   > . To distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by
   sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
   > . To perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical,
   dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and
   other audiovisual works;
   > . To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary,
   musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial,
   graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a
   motion picture or other audiovisual work; and
   > . In the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by
   means of a digital audio transmission.
   > -------------------------
   >
   > WHAT WORKS ARE PROTECTED?
   >
   > Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are fixed in
   a tangible form of expression. The fixation need not be directly
   perceptible so long as it may be communicated with the aid of a machine
   or device. Copyrightable works include the following categories:
   > . literary works;
   > . musical works, including any accompanying words
   > . dramatic works, including any accompanying music
   > . pantomimes and choreographic works
   > . pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
   > . motion pictures and other audiovisual works
   > . sound recordings
   > . architectural works
   >
   > --- End of quotation ---
   >
   > The following information is from The United States Patent and
   Trademark Office (USPTO)
   > http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html
   >
   > --- Beginning of quotation ---
   >
   > WHAT ARE PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, SERVICEMARKS, AND COPYRIGHTS?
   >
   > Some people confuse patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Although
   there may be some similarities among these kinds of intellectual
   property protection, they are different and serve different purposes.
   >
   > WHAT IS A PATENT?
   >
   > A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the
   inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
   Generally, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which
   the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, in
   special cases, from the date an earlier related application was filed,
   subject to the payment of maintenance fees. U.S. patent grants are
   effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S.
   possessions. Under certain circumstances, patent term extensions or
   adjustments may be available.
   >
   > The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the
   statute and of the grant itself, "the right to exclude others from
   making, using, offering for sale, or selling" the invention in the
   United States or "importing" the invention into the United States. What
   is granted is not the right to make, use, offer for sale, sell or
   import, but the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for
   sale, selling or importing the invention. Once a patent is issued, the
   patentee must enforce the patent without aid of the USPTO.
   > ---------------------
   >
   > WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?
   >
   > Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of
   "original works of authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical,
   artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and
   unpublished. The 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of
   copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the copyrighted work, to
   prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or phonorecords of the
   copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly, or to
   display the copyrighted work publicly.
   >
   > The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the
   subject matter of the writing. For example, a description of a machine
   could be copyrighted, but this would only prevent others from copying
   the description; it would not prevent others from writing a description
   of their own or from making and using the machine. Copyrights are
   registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress.
   >
   > --- End of quotation ---
   >
   > Greetings,
   > Johannes
   >
   >
   >
   >
   >
   > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
   >

   [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

CONRAD:

it seems that the angle needs to be around 30 or so degrees.

water velocity = H20v = sqrrt( 2 * 75.5 * 9.81) = 38.48 m/s

RPM=(60 * 0.49 * 38.48 * 100 ) / [3.1416 * 35.5]= 1014 RPM

The alternator you have is for a wind mill and not a hydro

You may use a ECM DC brushless motor, 1 HP --producing high voltage, though you
can open one and change the windings to lower the output voltage. A GE ECM could
be one.

The Head of this site is geared toward a high RPM generator if the turbine is
changed to produce around 3600 RPM ( 90 mm turbine = in this case a Turgo
turbine see them at www.h-hydro.com )

Nando

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Conrad Wood
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Sent: Monday, November 09, 2009 5:56 PM
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design



   Nando,

   I live on rental property that allows my micro-hydro discovery hobby. I do not
require the electricity, yet.
   I have built the alternator from scratch already and want to test it in a
variety of circumstances. Currently....

   Head        75.5 meters
   Penstock    153 meters x 76mm
   Flow low    .25 l/sec
   Flow high    1.25 l/sec.
   Alternator rpm   90

   My bucket back angle is 12 degrees +-, wheel diameter to bucket cut is 355mm
+-

   It is fairly easy for me to adjust the spacing of this wheel, more difficult
to change the diameter.

   Best Regards,

   Conrad.

   ________________________________
   From: Nando <nando37@...>
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Cc: ranhudro@...
   Sent: Sun, November 8, 2009 8:06:20 PM
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design


   CONRAD:

   Initially I paid little attention to the Pelton water Jet behavior and it was
bugging me so the first free time I had did another careful check of your video
and found out what was bugging me.

   The Pelton Buckets are not placed right to the jet, observe when the jet
starts to hit the bucket and the water goes up toward the center , then when the
wheel is rotating the escaping jet from the buckets starts to spray toward down
.

   The Buckets itself can not be place straight radially, it has to have an angle
toward the back ( close to 15 to 25 degrees back) for the jet to reflect
straight back then downwards -- this way there is no interference with the jet
hitting 2 Buckets at the same time.

   The diameter of the wheel is wrong - the diameter of the wheel is defined by
the head or the pressure of the water and the needed RPM of the generator and in
you case, very critical parameters.

   If you supply to me the head, water volume, RPM of the generator, then I can
calculate the diameter of the turbine, which I believe may place the buckets you
have quite close.
   The efficiency will go up, the RPM and less problems trying to find a low RPM
generator .

   Nando

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Nando
   To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
   Sent: Sunday, November 08, 2009 4:30 PM
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design

   CONRAD:

   Are you braking the turbine to slow the movement for the movie ?.

   The Pelton buckets are too far apart, they should be placed in such way that
the jet (lower part) should start to hit the incoming lower bucket when the jet
is still hitting the upper bucket with at least 80 % of the jet diameter, this
way the energy is maximized in the harvesting process.
   This at maximum jet diameter.

   Nando

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Conrad Wood
   To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
   Sent: Sunday, November 08, 2009 1:34 PM
   Subject: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design

   Hello Group Members,
   As a hobby, I have built my first pelton wheel from scratch. I am interested
in the possibilities of low RPM alternators regarding pico site efficiencies.
   Please have a look at a short film clip I have uploaded to http://www.flickr.
com/photos/ ranhudro/ ?saved=1 and comment as to suggested improvements.
   Best Regards to All,
   Conrad Wood
   cw@woodcoconstructo rs.ca

   ____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _
   Yahoo! Canada Toolbar: Search from anywhere on the web, and bookmark your
favourite sites. Download it now
   http://ca.toolbar. yahoo.com.

   [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

   [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

   __________________________________________________________
   Looking for the perfect gift? Give the gift of Flickr!

   http://www.flickr.com/gift/

   [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Goodmorning Steve:



Sorry I didn't catch this yesterday.



This entire concept of free flowing water not being able to be utilized to
capture signifigant amounts of power is just wrong.



The folks who have a classic background in hydraulics feel as though what they
learned in university hydraulic courses and manuals that was accepted
cirriculum, is basically all there is to know about water.



I am going to try to send you and the group a paper about a much dismissed
(formerly but now and gradually , incrementally understood, ) 
researcher,teacher ,observer, inventor.



A warning here, this is not easy stuff to get your head around, and you may have
to read some paragraphs 3 of 4 times before the concepts become lodged in your
thinking .  And even then you may have to revisit many sections to cement your
fledgling concepts with further revelations and with what you know by
experience.



Those of you have spent time fishing while standing in streams will have a
signifigant leg up.



It is never too late in life to go wading in streams and learn to be a observer.
(Just tell people that you are doing research).



This fellow is well reported on the web however I rather like the illustrations
in the particular paper that was forwarded to me a fellow microhydro group
member Noel Squibb from Dartmoor in south west England.



Thank you for your time.  David Murray  Paris Ontario Canada.  519-442-1503.



To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
From: jrkess98@...
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2009 21:13:40 -0500
Subject: Re: [microhydro] River property restrictions





Hi, Steve:
I am sure others will weigh in on this, but in general, without some kind
of 'head-raising' device (like a dam), you won't harvest more than maybe a
couple hundred watts, under any circumstance.
John Kessler, Ft. Lauderdale



In a message dated 11/9/2009 4:56:14 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
steven.d.morse@... writes:

Hello group,

I am looking for a retirement property for myself and also a community
property for my children. I have wanted to be off grid and self sustainable
since the 1970's. I am starting to look now for river front property because
I like micro-hydro power, irrigation, summer cooling and food resourses
available along the river.

I understand that local and federal laws (USA) may not allow private
development of micro-hydro or permanent structures to be built on many river
banks or along water ways. I want to know where to find legal restrictions/
limitations or if any exist so I can make an informed decision what
individual property is a good purchase for micro-hydro.

Are there creative legal ways to add micro-hydro where there are
restrictions and limitations? I would be most thankful for any help and
suggestions
and information to help narrow my search. I would prefer to find a property
in the South or Southeast USA where Solar is more efficient and winter
heating season is short.

Best regards
Steve Morse
Aerospace Engineer
Missouri USA

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





_________________________________________________________________
Ready. Set. Get a great deal on Windows 7. See fantastic deals on Windows 7 now
http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9691818

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hello every body
I am a student who works on micro hydro turbine. I need to some book to be more
familiar with this subject, like the books on hydraulic machines by Vasabdani
and Jagdish, etc.
Can everybody help me to find thiese books?

Sincerely Yours

Hello Nando,

Please, remember that I have only expressed my opinion shortly and then
given a couple of quotations from the websites of the US government
offices. I'm very sorry if that offends you.

I don't pretend to be a lawyer of any kind. How the US law is
`utilized' doesn't concern me at all. The information from
the US government websites is clear enough for me.

I know a lot of piracy and illegal copying takes place in the world. By
any means I don't support that. But we wouldn't solve that
problem by spreading inaccurate information concerning copyrights. I
don't want to impose my ideas to anybody, that's why I give the
references to official information sources for everyone to read by
themselves.

I hoped that you would read my message and the quotations up to the end.
You interpreted the phrase "and certain other intellectual
works" as it would cover all or "any" intellectual works
including machines and machine parts. However, the second quotation from
the USPTO clearly excludes the machine designs from copyrights:

"The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the
subject matter of the writing. For example, a description of a machine
could be copyrighted, but this would only prevent others from copying
the description; it would not prevent others from writing a description
of their own or from making and using the machine."

The statement is clear. When I make a machine design, the copyright will
protect my drawing but the design itself is not protected. The copyright
prevents others from copying or selling my drawing but doesn't
prevent anybody from making the machine exactly according my design.

I agree with you that the discussion on this topic shouldn't
continue long, since the matter doesn't concern the MHP community
unless we start to write books or do artistic works etc.

I just expected that you would support your opinion with a clear
statement from some official source of information. In conclusion I
still wait two things from you:

1)      Please give official information and a link to support your
stand.

2)      Explain what is the use of the patent system if all the
technical designs are already protected by copyright.

When these two topics get satisfactory answer, we will easily and
happily agree on this matter.

Thanking for your interest in discussion,

Johannes

http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html
<http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html>



--- In microhydro@yahoogroups.com, "Nando" <nando37@...> wrote:
>
> I knew that I was opening a big CAN of Worms !!
>
> Unhappily, too many will try to show that they are "lawyers"
specialized in intellectual property laws.
>
> Start by investigating how many times this law was "utilized" to solve
the problems covering the law and how many of those did cover "Physical
tangible form of expression".
>
> If you have known it, your message should not have "existed" at all.
>
> You copied a part:
> Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United
States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of
authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and
certain other intellectual works.
>
> Last part of the messages = and certain other intellectual works --
this alone says if someone invented something and that represents a
"physical tangible form of expression" then it is protected !!!
>
> Which includes any physical object --
>
> These are not my words or my "analysis " of the law, which by
definition I am not doing it, not I want it, because I am not a lawyer.
>
> Since this thread will not have any end -- due to the human nature --
I will be not continue with the thread -- it is senseless .
>
> Nando
>
>
>   ----- Original Message -----
>   From: yheinola
>   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
>   Sent: Monday, November 09, 2009 2:44 AM
>   Subject: Re: [microhydro] Patents and copyrights
>
>
>
>   Dear Mr. Nando,
>
>   Do you mean that the US Patent and Trademark Office don't know
patents and copyrights?
>   I did read your messages. The official information that I have seen,
including the links in your messages, don't mention technical
innovations in connection to copyrights. Neither there are any words
about machines or technology. Please, see the partial quotation from the
link in your own message.
>   (http://www.uspto.gov/smallbusiness/copyrights/faq.html#2)
>
>   --- Beginning of quotation ---
>
>   WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?
>
>   Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United
States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of
authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and
certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both
published and unpublished works. Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act
generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to
authorize others to do the following:
>   . To reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords;
>   . To prepare derivative works based upon the work;
>   . To distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by
sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
>   . To perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical,
dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and
other audiovisual works;
>   . To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary,
musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial,
graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a
motion picture or other audiovisual work; and
>   . In the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by
means of a digital audio transmission.
>   -------------------------
>
>   WHAT WORKS ARE PROTECTED?
>
>   Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are fixed in
a tangible form of expression. The fixation need not be directly
perceptible so long as it may be communicated with the aid of a machine
or device. Copyrightable works include the following categories:
>   . literary works;
>   . musical works, including any accompanying words
>   . dramatic works, including any accompanying music
>   . pantomimes and choreographic works
>   . pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
>   . motion pictures and other audiovisual works
>   . sound recordings
>   . architectural works
>
>   --- End of quotation ---
>
>   The following information is from The United States Patent and
Trademark Office (USPTO)
>   http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html
>
>   --- Beginning of quotation ---
>
>   WHAT ARE PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, SERVICEMARKS, AND COPYRIGHTS?
>
>   Some people confuse patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Although
there may be some similarities among these kinds of intellectual
property protection, they are different and serve different purposes.
>
>   WHAT IS A PATENT?
>
>   A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the
inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Generally, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which
the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, in
special cases, from the date an earlier related application was filed,
subject to the payment of maintenance fees. U.S. patent grants are
effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S.
possessions. Under certain circumstances, patent term extensions or
adjustments may be available.
>
>   The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the
statute and of the grant itself, "the right to exclude others from
making, using, offering for sale, or selling" the invention in the
United States or "importing" the invention into the United States. What
is granted is not the right to make, use, offer for sale, sell or
import, but the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for
sale, selling or importing the invention. Once a patent is issued, the
patentee must enforce the patent without aid of the USPTO.
>   ---------------------
>
>   WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?
>
>   Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of
"original works of authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical,
artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and
unpublished. The 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of
copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the copyrighted work, to
prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or phonorecords of the
copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly, or to
display the copyrighted work publicly.
>
>   The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the
subject matter of the writing. For example, a description of a machine
could be copyrighted, but this would only prevent others from copying
the description; it would not prevent others from writing a description
of their own or from making and using the machine. Copyrights are
registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress.
>
>   --- End of quotation ---
>
>   Greetings,
>   Johannes
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi,

I am looking for help to calculate some of the parameters of the micro hydro
project I am setting up.  Here are the parameters I have so far:

pelton wheel: 8.03 inches in diameter (204 mm) with 12 die-cast aluminum cups

source of pelton wheel: ebay auction:
http://cgi.ebay.com/Pelton-Water-Wheel-Aluminum-Generator-Projects_W0QQitemZ1903\
46783999

head height of water: 60 feet (18 meters)

minimum water flow rate: 227 litres per minute (60 GPM)

maximum water flow rate: 340 litres per minute (90 GPM)

size of pipe: 4 inches

length of pipe: 300 feet (91 meters)

I am planning on using a brushless DC high voltage generator
to yield high efficiency as well as low electrical wiring costs.
The brushless DC motor I have is rated at maximum 1200watts and is 3phase and
runs at about 300VDC rectified at 250RPM.
The main parameter I am missing is the nozzle size I should use as
well as the most efficient RPM to spin the generator at.  I will probably use
gearing to the motor, since it should spin slower than the pelton wheel I think.

nozzle size: ?(one or two nozzle configuration)

pelton wheel RPM: ?

Thanks for any input! :)

cheers,
Jamie

Hello Eric,

I have made the alternator already, 80 pole, 40 coils. The bucket process took
me three tries to get an acceptable part.
Starting with a block of carving wax for the pattern, 2 component silicone
casting rubber as a mold. The buckets were then cast using a 2 part high impact
urethane casting resin which is vacuum degasseed, then pressure cast until
demold time.

Conrad.



________________________________
From: "ericnoharet@..." <ericnoharet@...>
To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Mon, November 9, 2009 12:25:47 AM
Subject: re:[microhydro] Pelton wheel design

 
Hello Conrad

You can make an alternator like the Pigott design
It's an axial flux design, you can use hard drive magnets.

How do you make your pelton buckets ?

Regards
Eric

Hello Group Members,
As a hobby, I have built my first pelton wheel from scratch. I am interested in
the possibilities of low RPM alternators regarding pico site efficiencies.
Please have a look at a short film clip I have uploaded to http://www.flickr.
com/photos/ ranhudro/ ?saved=1 and comment as to suggested improvements.
Best Regards to All,
Conrad Wood
cw@woodcoconstructo rs.ca





       __________________________________________________________________
Get the name you've always wanted @ymail.com or @rocketmail.com! Go to
http://ca.promos.yahoo.com/jacko/

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi, Steve:
I am sure others will weigh in on this, but in general, without some kind
of 'head-raising' device (like a dam), you won't harvest more than maybe a
couple hundred watts, under any circumstance.
John Kessler, Ft. Lauderdale



In a message dated 11/9/2009 4:56:14 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
steven.d.morse@... writes:




Hello group,

I am looking for a retirement property for myself and  also a community
property for my children. I have wanted to be off grid and  self sustainable
since the 1970's. I am starting to look now for river front  property because
I like micro-hydro power, irrigation, summer cooling and food  resourses
available along the river.

I understand that local and  federal laws (USA) may not allow private
development of micro-hydro or  permanent structures to be built on many river
banks or along water ways. I  want to know where to find legal restrictions/
limitations or if any exist so  I can make an informed decision what
individual property is a good purchase  for micro-hydro.

Are there creative legal ways to add micro-hydro where  there are
restrictions and limitations? I would be most thankful for any help  and
suggestions
and information to help narrow my search. I would prefer to  find a property
in the South or Southeast USA where Solar is more efficient  and winter
heating season is short.

Best regards
Steve  Morse
Aerospace Engineer
Missouri USA







[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Steve,
My advice to you would be to buy your place on the big river, but make sure
  that there is a small  fairy constant flow stream coming down out of the
mountains onto your property. With this in place or perhaps before you buy
it  see if you can site an intake up high enough to give you some good head
so that  you can put in a small micro-hydro. This is being done on literally
hundreds of  sites across the country. When you have a site get hold of the
group again, and  I am sure that you will have more help than you can
handle.  Good  luck.

Bob
Robert K.  Weir P.E.
Hydroscreen CO. LLC
303-333-6071
Fax 303-393-8298
e-mail  rkweir@...
_www.hydroscreen.com_ (http://www.hydroscreen.com/)

"We don't  just sell screens, we engineer solutions"


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Water jets are often supercavitating foils, and don't like low  velocities.
  Also, seal and bearing losses will kill the HPP  application.  Besides,
they are VERY PRICEY, being made from super S.S. and  titanium alloys..
J. Kessler, Ft. Lauderdale


In a message dated 11/9/2009 5:42:29 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
jimfackert@... writes:




There are a lot of used jet drives for boats kicking around ebay... anyone
ever try using one for small hydro? They are basically kaplans... axial
flow  pumps (or sometimes mixed flow in some of the larger units) with
propeller  like impellers and static guide vanes. They are designed for high
rpm,
high  horsepower,low but should work at lower rpm with lower  output?







[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Nando,

I live on rental property that allows my micro-hydro discovery hobby. I do not
require the electricity, yet.
I have built the alternator from scratch already and want to test it in a
variety of circumstances. Currently....

Head        75.5 meters
Penstock    153 meters x 76mm
Flow low    .25 l/sec
Flow high    1.25 l/sec.
Alternator rpm   90

My bucket back angle is 12 degrees +-, wheel diameter to bucket cut is 355mm +-

It is fairly easy for me to adjust the spacing of this wheel, more difficult to
change the diameter.

Best Regards,

Conrad.


________________________________
From: Nando <nando37@...>
To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
Cc: ranhudro@...
Sent: Sun, November 8, 2009 8:06:20 PM
Subject: Re: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design

 
CONRAD:

Initially I paid little attention to the Pelton water Jet behavior and it was
bugging me so the first free time I had did another careful check of your video
and found out what was bugging me.

The Pelton Buckets are not placed right to the jet, observe when the jet starts
to hit the bucket and the water goes up toward the center , then when the wheel
is rotating the escaping jet from the buckets starts to spray toward down .

The Buckets itself can not be place straight radially, it has to have an angle
toward the back ( close to 15 to 25 degrees back) for the jet to reflect
straight back then downwards -- this way there is no interference with the jet
hitting 2 Buckets at the same time.

The diameter of the wheel is wrong - the diameter of the wheel is defined by the
head or the pressure of the water and the needed RPM of the generator and in you
case, very critical parameters.

If you supply to me the head, water volume, RPM of the generator, then I can
calculate the diameter of the turbine, which I believe may place the buckets you
have quite close.
The efficiency will go up, the RPM and less problems trying to find a low RPM
generator .

Nando

----- Original Message -----
From: Nando
To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
Sent: Sunday, November 08, 2009 4:30 PM
Subject: Re: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design

CONRAD:

Are you braking the turbine to slow the movement for the movie ?.

The Pelton buckets are too far apart, they should be placed in such way that the
jet (lower part) should start to hit the incoming lower bucket when the jet is
still hitting the upper bucket with at least 80 % of the jet diameter, this way
the energy is maximized in the harvesting process.
This at maximum jet diameter.

Nando

----- Original Message -----
From: Conrad Wood
To: microhydro@yahoogro ups.com
Sent: Sunday, November 08, 2009 1:34 PM
Subject: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design

Hello Group Members,
As a hobby, I have built my first pelton wheel from scratch. I am interested in
the possibilities of low RPM alternators regarding pico site efficiencies.
Please have a look at a short film clip I have uploaded to http://www.flickr.
com/photos/ ranhudro/ ?saved=1 and comment as to suggested improvements.
Best Regards to All,
Conrad Wood
cw@woodcoconstructo rs.ca

____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _
Yahoo! Canada Toolbar: Search from anywhere on the web, and bookmark your
favourite sites. Download it now
http://ca.toolbar. yahoo.com.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





       __________________________________________________________________
Looking for the perfect gift? Give the gift of Flickr!

http://www.flickr.com/gift/

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Recently, I have been asked, often about the  Induction Motor as a generator
and How to determine the value of the biasing capacitors.

Normally, I have informed how to use a standard formula for the calculation
knowing the voltage, power factor, currents and frequency of the motor.

Talking to a friend he reminded me how I did the initial evaluation of the
induction motor when I was in high school, to determine the needed
capacitors having the motor itself.

My set up had a Variac transformer ( Variable voltage )  connected to the GRID (
110
Vac, 60 HZ ) feeding a transformer ( 110 Vac to 24 Vac, 1 amp ) because I
had it available .

The 24 Vac output  was supplied to the motor, disconnected from the GRID,
via a 25 OHMS, 25 Watts resistor ( because it was handy, at the moment) .

The connection to one of the motor windings - either Y or Delta connection,
no need to separate the windings.

One needs some capacitors that need to handle AC Voltage -- one can make
them with regular electrolytic ( For this test ONLY ).

Capacitor breakdown 35 to 50 Volts DC -- making sure that the AC voltage
applied is not greater than 1/2 of the capacitor breakdown..

Take two equal capacitors and connect the negative terminals together and
the positive terminals are the AC terminals,  -- there are DVM that have
capacitance and inductance reading capabilities - this way, one can be a bit
precise in the capacitors setting values.

I have made 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 microfarads ( one does not need
to be exact), observe that they are set in a binary step which allows
paralleling in increments of 0.5 microfarad.
Also to insure that the reverse capacitor current does not damage the
capacitors, I place diodes, like the 1N4004, in anti-parallel to each diode,
which means, place the CATHODE of the diode to the Positive terminal and the
ANODE to the negative terminal to each capacitor -- this way, the diode
conducts on the one half wave of the GRID frequency, bypassing the capacitor
that have the wrong current polarity

You are not halving the capacitance because each capacitor does not work but
every half Hertz.

I used a multiple switch to insert or remove any capacitor to adjust for the
optimum value.

Circuit: Variac transformer to 110 Vac, via a 0.5 amp fuse and a switch in
series, in the hot side line, from the Variac, a 110 Volts transformer
connected to the Variac variable terminal and the neutral AC line, the
secondary of the transformer one terminal  to one terminal of the winding
and the other side to the other terminal with the 25 OHMS resistor.

DVM, set to read AC voltages-- Connect to the terminals of the transformer
secondary  .

Increase the voltage up to 10 volts at the transformer secondary and record
the value, accurately.

Move the DVM terminal that is connected to the resistor to the motor
terminal common to the resistor.

Start to connect in parallel ( across the motor terminals) some value like
32 microfarads and read and record the voltage, add or remove some
capacitance and observe what direction the read voltage goes, record the
values, knowing the UP direction start to increase the capacitance,
recording the voltages until a decrease occurs then start to vary lower
values UP/DOWN to peak the voltage that can be close to the initial set
voltage, once reached a peak -- sum the values that are ON and you have the
optimal capacitance to convert the Induction Motor into a AC Brushless
Generator .

One may not need a Variac transformer at all, and the 25 Ohms may need to be
changed to different values depending on the HP of the motor.

With an Oscilloscope the process is quite easier to do, since  one can have
to probes and observe how well the capacitors show the resonance of the
motor inductance and capacitance and if using a variable  frequency
oscillator and the oscilloscope this process is quite easier and faster to
perform because one can find the resonance of the values attached by varying
the frequency.

If the motor was connected Y, then the capacitance values needs to be
multiplied by 3 if the motor is connected DELTA, and if DELTA tested and
converted to Y connection, the capacitance value is 1/3.
  - also the decision of  3 each 1-C or the C- 2 C connections.

Nando

Hello group,

I am looking for a retirement property for myself and also a community property
for my children. I have wanted to be off grid and self sustainable since the
1970's. I am starting to look now for river front property because I like
micro-hydro power, irrigation, summer cooling and food resourses available along
the river.

I understand that local and federal laws (USA) may not allow private development
of micro-hydro or permanent structures to be built on many river banks or along
water ways. I want to know where to find legal restrictions/ limitations or if
any exist so I can make an informed decision what individual property is a good
purchase for micro-hydro.

Are there creative legal ways to add micro-hydro where there are restrictions
and limitations? I would be most thankful for any help and suggestions and
information to help narrow my search. I would prefer to find a property in the
South or Southeast USA where Solar is more efficient and winter heating season
is short.

Best regards
Steve Morse
Aerospace Engineer
Missouri USA

Hi Charley,

> So I'm wondering about a way to invert the dump-load function, and
> send it through appropriate heaters. That's another challenge, that a
> 600-watt dump load through a 1500-watt-set electric heater will cycle
> off and on so quickly it won't get hot, while at the 600-volt setting
> the same heater will be toasting--but would waste a much larger
> current that might erupt. How could the settings change as the
> charging amperage changes?

I'm not sure I understand your worry here. But if you take a 1500W
heater and either cycle it on/off, or use phase control, to dump 600
watts average into it, it will turn these 600 watts of electrical power
into 600 watts of thermal power, without any problem. It's not like it
wouldn't get hot!

> I'm realizing from this feedback that my essential problem is that I
> receive dump loads in two incompatible forms, 12 volt DC and 110 AC,
> and probably the easiest kludge for my limited skills might be to
> attach the 12 volt dump to a cheap inverter, send that current
> through cheap wire to yet another heater, and have the second dump
> convey heat regardless of what my controller has done to the first,
> voltage relayed heater. A simpler controller would address my needs
> too, but could it adjust to rapidly changing amperages? That
> challenge would remain at the end of both wires.

I have already forgotten your exact setup... but I remember you have
solar panels and a hydro system feeding the same battery bank. To make
things reasonable, you have to use a single regulator for that. Having
the batteries far from the house indeed forces you to do spend all the
power at 110V AC, and not at 12V DC, in order to be able to use it to
advantage in the house.

I see the following options:

1) You use a large inverter right at the batteries, send the 110V to the
house. All regulators at the turbine, solar panel and battery sites are
eliminated. In the house you connect all normal loads directly to the
110V, and the dump loads (room heaters, water heaters, etc) through an
ELC. The only quirk is that the ELC inside the house must know the
battery voltage. You can send a sample of the battery voltage over any
thin, cheap wire pair, which is surely the cheapest option, or you might
send it over a radio link, which can be cheap too if you can get surplus
radio modules.

2) You could run two inverters at the battery site, one running
continuously to power the normal loads, and another controlled by the
regulator system, which powers the heaters/dump loads in the house. In
this case you need two 110V circuits running to the house.

3) A variation to the scheme before: Instead of controlling the second
inverter on/off, you make a system to control that inverter's output
voltage, so that you can smoothly regulate the dump load power. With
most common cheap inverters, it's easy to add such voltage control. But
of course it requires some hacking inside the box!

Any sort of smooth control is much better than on/off type control.
Among other advantages, it takes a lot of cyclic load from the
batteries, resulting in longer battery life.

Manfred.

========================
Visit my hobby homepage!
http://ludens.cl
========================

I knew that I was opening a big CAN of Worms !!

Unhappily, too many will try to show that they are "lawyers" specialized in
intellectual property laws.

Start by investigating how many times this law was "utilized" to solve the
problems covering the law and how many of those did cover "Physical tangible
form of expression".

If you have known it, your message should not have "existed" at all.

You copied a part:
Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States
(title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of authorship,"
including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual
works.

Last part of the messages = and certain other intellectual works -- this alone
says if someone invented something and that represents a "physical tangible form
of expression" then it is protected !!!

Which includes any physical object --

These are not my words or my "analysis " of the law, which by definition I am
not doing it, not I want it, because I am not a lawyer.

Since this thread will not have any end -- due to the human nature -- I will be
not continue with the thread -- it is senseless .

Nando


   ----- Original Message -----
   From: yheinola
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Sent: Monday, November 09, 2009 2:44 AM
   Subject: Re: [microhydro] Patents and copyrights



   Dear Mr. Nando,

   Do you mean that the US Patent and Trademark Office don't know patents and
copyrights?
   I did read your messages. The official information that I have seen, including
the links in your messages, don't mention technical innovations in connection to
copyrights. Neither there are any words about machines or technology. Please,
see the partial quotation from the link in your own message.
   (http://www.uspto.gov/smallbusiness/copyrights/faq.html#2)

   --- Beginning of quotation ---

   WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?

   Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States
(title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of authorship,"
including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual
works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works.
Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the
exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following:
   . To reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords;
   . To prepare derivative works based upon the work;
   . To distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by sale or
other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
   . To perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic,
and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual
works;
   . To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical,
dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or
sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other
audiovisual work; and
   . In the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a
digital audio transmission.
   -------------------------

   WHAT WORKS ARE PROTECTED?

   Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are fixed in a tangible
form of expression. The fixation need not be directly perceptible so long as it
may be communicated with the aid of a machine or device. Copyrightable works
include the following categories:
   . literary works;
   . musical works, including any accompanying words
   . dramatic works, including any accompanying music
   . pantomimes and choreographic works
   . pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
   . motion pictures and other audiovisual works
   . sound recordings
   . architectural works

   --- End of quotation ---

   The following information is from The United States Patent and Trademark
Office (USPTO)
   http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html

   --- Beginning of quotation ---

   WHAT ARE PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, SERVICEMARKS, AND COPYRIGHTS?

   Some people confuse patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Although there may be
some similarities among these kinds of intellectual property protection, they
are different and serve different purposes.

   WHAT IS A PATENT?

   A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor,
issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Generally, the term of
a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent
was filed in the United States or, in special cases, from the date an earlier
related application was filed, subject to the payment of maintenance fees. U.S.
patent grants are effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and
U.S. possessions. Under certain circumstances, patent term extensions or
adjustments may be available.

   The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the statute and
of the grant itself, "the right to exclude others from making, using, offering
for sale, or selling" the invention in the United States or "importing" the
invention into the United States. What is granted is not the right to make, use,
offer for sale, sell or import, but the right to exclude others from making,
using, offering for sale, selling or importing the invention. Once a patent is
issued, the patentee must enforce the patent without aid of the USPTO.
   ---------------------

   WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?

   Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of "original works
of authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain
other intellectual works, both published and unpublished. The 1976 Copyright Act
generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the
copyrighted work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or
phonorecords of the copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly,
or to display the copyrighted work publicly.

   The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the subject matter
of the writing. For example, a description of a machine could be copyrighted,
but this would only prevent others from copying the description; it would not
prevent others from writing a description of their own or from making and using
the machine. Copyrights are registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of
Congress.

   --- End of quotation ---

   Greetings,
   Johannes





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

There are a lot of used jet drives for boats kicking around ebay... anyone ever
try using one for small hydro? They are basically kaplans... axial flow pumps
(or sometimes mixed flow in some of the larger units) with propeller like
impellers and static guide vanes. They are designed for high rpm, high
horsepower,low but should work at lower rpm with lower output?

Dear Mr. Nando,

Do you mean that the US Patent and Trademark Office don't know patents and
copyrights?
I did read your messages. The official information that I have seen, including
the links in your messages, don't mention technical innovations in connection to
copyrights. Neither there are any words about machines or technology. Please,
see the partial quotation from the link in your own message.
(http://www.uspto.gov/smallbusiness/copyrights/faq.html#2)

--- Beginning of quotation ---

WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?

Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States
(title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of authorship,"
including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual
works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works.
Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the
exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following:
• To reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords;
• To prepare derivative works based upon the work;
• To distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by sale or
other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
• To perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and
choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual
works;
• To display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical,
dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or
sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other
audiovisual work; and
• In the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a
digital audio transmission.
-------------------------

WHAT WORKS ARE PROTECTED?

Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are fixed in a tangible
form of expression. The fixation need not be directly perceptible so long as it
may be communicated with the aid of a machine or device. Copyrightable works
include the following categories:
• literary works;
• musical works, including any accompanying words
• dramatic works, including any accompanying music
• pantomimes and choreographic works
• pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
• motion pictures and other audiovisual works
• sound recordings
• architectural works

--- End of quotation ---

The following information is from The United States Patent and Trademark Office
(USPTO)
http://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/index.html

--- Beginning of quotation ---

WHAT ARE PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, SERVICEMARKS, AND COPYRIGHTS?

Some people confuse patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Although there may be
some similarities among these kinds of intellectual property protection, they
are different and serve different purposes.

WHAT IS A PATENT?

A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor,
issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Generally, the term of
a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent
was filed in the United States or, in special cases, from the date an earlier
related application was filed, subject to the payment of maintenance fees. U.S.
patent grants are effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and
U.S. possessions. Under certain circumstances, patent term extensions or
adjustments may be available.

The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the statute and
of the grant itself, "the right to exclude others from making, using, offering
for sale, or selling" the invention in the United States or "importing" the
invention into the United States. What is granted is not the right to make, use,
offer for sale, sell or import, but the right to exclude others from making,
using, offering for sale, selling or importing the invention. Once a patent is
issued, the patentee must enforce the patent without aid of the USPTO.
---------------------

WHAT IS A COPYRIGHT?

Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of "original works of
authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other
intellectual works, both published and unpublished. The 1976 Copyright Act
generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the
copyrighted work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or
phonorecords of the copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly,
or to display the copyrighted work publicly.

The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the subject matter of
the writing. For example, a description of a machine could be copyrighted, but
this would only prevent others from copying the description; it would not
prevent others from writing a description of their own or from making and using
the machine. Copyrights are registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of
Congress.

--- End of quotation ---

Greetings,
Johannes

Hello Conrad

You can make an alternator like the Pigott design
It's an axial flux design, you can use hard drive magnets.

How do you make your pelton buckets ?

Regards
Eric

Hello Group Members,
As a hobby, I have built my first pelton wheel from scratch. I am interested in
the possibilities of low RPM alternators regarding pico site efficiencies.
Please have a look at a short film clip I have uploaded to
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ranhudro/?saved=1 and comment as to suggested
improvements.
Best Regards to All,
Conrad Wood
cw@...

CONRAD:

Are you braking the turbine to slow the movement for the movie ?.

The Pelton buckets are too far apart, they should be placed in such way that the
jet (lower part) should start to hit the incoming lower bucket when the jet is
still hitting the upper bucket with at least 80 % of the jet diameter, this way
the energy is maximized in the harvesting process.
This at maximum jet diameter.

Nando

   ----- Original Message -----
   From: Conrad Wood
   To: microhydro@yahoogroups.com
   Sent: Sunday, November 08, 2009 1:34 PM
   Subject: [microhydro] Pelton wheel design



   Hello Group Members,
   As a hobby, I have built my first pelton wheel from scratch. I am interested
in the possibilities of low RPM alternators regarding pico site efficiencies.
   Please have a look at a short film clip I have uploaded to
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ranhudro/?saved=1 and comment as to suggested
improvements.
   Best Regards to All,
   Conrad Wood
   cw@...

   __________________________________________________________
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favourite sites. Download it now
   http://ca.toolbar.yahoo.com.

   [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]