The Rights of Non-Muslims in Islam (part 1 of 13): An Islamic Basis
Introduction
Islam is a religion of mercy to all people, both Muslims and non-Muslims.  The
Prophet was described as being a mercy in the Quran due to the message he
brought for humanity:
“And We have not sent you but as a mercy to all the worlds.” (Quran 21:107)
When a person analyzes the legislations of Islam with an open mind, the Mercy
mentioned in this verse will definitely become apparent.  One of the aspects
constituting an epitome of this Mercy is the way the legislations of Islam deal
with people of other faiths.  The tolerant attitude of Islam towards
non-Muslims, whether they be those residing in their own countries or within the
Muslim lands, can be clearly seen through a study of history.  This fact is not
only purported by Muslims, but many non-Muslim historians also accept it. 
Patriarch Ghaytho wrote:
‘The Arabs, to whom the Lord has given control over the world, treat us as you
know; they are not the enemies of Christians.  Indeed, they praise our
community, and treat our priests and saints with dignity, and offer aid to
churches and monasteries.’[1]
Will Durant wrote:
‘At the time of the Umayyad caliphate, the people of the covenant, Christians,
Zoroastrians, Jews, and Sabians, all enjoyed degree of tolerance that we do not
find even today in Christian countries.  They were free to practice the rituals
of their religion and their churches and temples were preserved.  They enjoyed
autonomy in that they were subject to the religious laws of the scholars and
judges.’[2]
These just relations between Muslims and people of other faiths were not due to
mere politics played by Muslim rulers, but rather they were a direct result of
the teachings of the religion of Islam, one which preaches that people of other
religions be free to practice their own faith, only accepting the guidance
offered by Islam by their own choice.  God says in the Quran:
“There is no compulsion in religion…” (Quran 2:256)
Not only does Islam demand their freedom to practice religion, but also that
they be treated justly as any other fellow human.  Warning against any abuse of
non-Muslims in an Islamic society, the Prophet stated:
“Beware!  Whoever is cruel and hard on a non-Muslim minority, curtails their
rights, burdens them with more than they can bear, or takes anything from them
against their free will; I (Prophet Muhammad) will complain against the person
on the Day of Judgment.” (Abu Dawud)
How far is this mannerism than the majority of nations, to this day, which not
only suppress the rights of foreign religions, but also foreign peoples and
races!  In a time when Muslims were being tortured to death in then pagan Mecca,
Jews were being persecuted in Christian Europe, and various peoples were being
subjugated due to their particular race or caste, Islam called to the just
treatment of all peoples and religions, due to its merciful tenets which gave
humanity the right to their humanness.




Footnotes:

[1] Tritton, Arthur Stanley: ‘The People Of The Covenant In Islam.’ p. 158.

[2] Durant, Will: ‘The Story Of Civilization.’ vol. 13. p. 131-132.




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